<p><strong>Electrons can behave very differently depending on how much energy they have. Whether you shoot an electron with high or low energy into a solid body determines which effects can be triggered. Electrons with low energy can be responsible for the development of cancer, for example, but conversely they can also be used to destroy tumors. They are also important in technology, for example for the production of tiny structures in microelectronics.</strong></p><p>These slow electrons, however, are extremely difficult to measure. Knowledge about their behaviour in solid materials is limited, and often scientists can only rely on trial and error. However, TU Wien has now succeeded in obtaining valuable new information about the behaviour of these electrons: Fast electrons are used to generate slow electrons directly in the material. This allows details to be deciphered that were previously inaccessible experimentally. The method has now been presented in the journal ‘Physical Review Letters’.</p><h4><strong>Two types of electrons at the same time</strong></h4><p>“<i>We are interested in what the slow electrons do inside a material, for example inside a crystal or inside a living cell,</i>” says Prof Wolfgang Werner from the Institute of Applied Physics at TU Wien. “<i>To find out, you would actually have to build a mini-laboratory directly in the material to be able to measure directly on site. But that's not possible, of course.</i>"</p><p>You can only measure electrons that come out of the material, but that doesn't tell you where in the material they were released and what has happened to them since then. The team at TU Wien solved this problem with the help of fast electrons that penetrate the material and stimulate various processes there. For example, these fast electrons can disturb the balance between the positive and negative electrical charges of the material, which can then lead to another electron detaching itself from its place, travelling at a relatively low speed and in some cases escaping from the material.</p><p>The crucial step now is to measure these different electrons simultaneously: “<i>On the one hand, we shoot an electron into the material and measure its energy when it leaves again. On the other hand, we also measure which slow electrons come out of the material at the same time.</i>” And by combining this data, it is possible to obtain information that was previously inaccessible.</p><h4><strong>Not a wild cascade, but a series of collisions</strong></h4><p>The amount of energy that the fast electron has lost on its journey through the material provides information on how deeply it has penetrated the material. This in turn provides information about the depth at which the slower electrons were released from their place.</p><p>This data can now be used to calculate to what extent and in what way the slow electrons in the material release their energy. Numerical theories on this can be reliably validated for the first time using the data.</p><p>This led to a surprise: it was previously thought that the release of electrons in the material took place in a cascade: A fast electron enters the material and hits another electron, which is then ripped away from its place, causing two electrons to move. These two electrons would then remove two more electrons from their place, and so on. The new data show that this is not true: instead, the fast electron undergoes a series of collisions, but always retains a large part of its energy and only one comparatively slow electron is detached from its place in each of these interactions.</p><p>“<i>Our new method offers opportunities in very different areas,</i>” says Wolfgang Werner. “<i>We can now finally investigate how the electrons release energy in their interaction with the material. It is precisely this energy that determines whether tumor cells can be destroyed in cancer therapy, for example, or whether the finest details of a semiconductor structure can be correctly formed in electron beam lithography.</i>”</p>

New method unravels the mystery of slow electrons

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 9th December 2024? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you applications and other documents by <strong>Agilent Technologies</strong>, <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific</strong>,<strong> </strong>and<strong> Shimadzu</strong>!</p><h4><strong>1. Shimadzu: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c146_e456_89137ab83b.pdf"><strong>Smart Metabolites Database Ver. 2</strong></a></h4><ul><li>Brochure</li></ul><p><strong>Supporting food development with newly added sugars and functional compounds</strong></p><p>The Smart Metabolites Database ™ is a GC-MS(/MS) database that contains the information needed for analyzing metabolic compounds. Ver. 2 contains an additional number of registered compounds, focusing on plant secondary metabolites, such as catechins and chlorogenic acids, that are garnering interest as functional compounds, for more expansive analysis of food samples. In total, the Smart Metabolites Database Ver. 2 enables simultaneous analysis of more than 600 compounds, making it a powerful tool for marker discovery in metabolomics analysis.</p><p>The database also offers dedicated methods for fatty acids, and sugars and provides total support for metabolic compound analysis.</p><p>This database was developed through guidance from the Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, the Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Hyogo College of Medicine and Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University. Part of this database was obtained as a result of development work related to the project for "Development of fundamental technologies for promoting industrial application of human stem cells and development of fundamental evaluation technologies for practical application of human stem cells" commissioned by Japan's New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).</p><ul><li>Automated, Highly Sensitive Detection of Metabolic Compounds by MRM Measurement</li><li>Time and Labor Savings</li><li>Offers Quantitative Sugar Analysis</li><li>Total Support for Food Metabolomics Analysis</li></ul><h4><strong>2. Agilent Technologies: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_catalytic_ammonia_cracking_990_micro_gc_5994_7904en_agilent_63738c6157.pdf"><strong>Catalytic Ammonia Cracking: Reaction Monitoring Using the Agilent 990 Micro GC System</strong></a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) decomposition facilitates hydrogen production. Monitoring the reactants and contaminants of ammonia decomposition, including NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O, is highly important for catalytic performance as well as activity measurements. In this work, an Agilent 990 Micro GC system configured with an Agilent CP‑Molsieve channel and an Agilent CP‑Volamine channel is demonstrated to analyze NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O across a wide concentration range. Notably, the analysis can be completed within one minute. The method's performance, including repeatability, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and carryover was evaluated, and the results were satisfactory.</p><p><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p>NH<sub>3</sub> has tremendous potential as a clean liquid fuel. NH<sub>3</sub> may play an essential role in the decarbonization of hard‑to‑abate sectors, such as shipping, power generation, and heavy‑duty transportation, which will accelerate the global journey to net zero and facilitate sustainable development.<sup>1</sup> Composed entirely of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH<sub>3</sub> itself can be employed as an energy source with the potential for zero "tailpipe" carbon emissions. NH3 can also be catalytically decomposed to its constituent elements as a convenient way to transport and store clean hydrogen.<sup>2</sup></p><p>The ammonia decomposition reaction (2NH<sub>3</sub> &amp; N<sub>2</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub>) facilitates hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) production. Each mole of NH<sub>3</sub> generates two moles of gas (0.5 mol N<sub>2</sub>, 1.5 mol H<sub>2</sub>), creating a self‑dilution effect. As a result, a reactor at 50% conversion with an ultrahigh purity NH<sub>3</sub> feed will create an effluent stream containing only 33% NH<sub>3</sub>. Therefore, the conversion must be calculated using Equation 1.</p><p>Failure to calculate conversion using Equation 1 may lead to erroneous measurements of catalytic performance and can inflate the perceived activity (for example, 50 versus 67% conversion).</p><p>With the constant improvement of emission‑free, high‑energy‑density, ammonia‑based power solutions, there is a pressing need for monitoring reactants and contaminants. Monitoring devices should be capable of measuring the required components (NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O) over a wide concentration range. Furthermore, these devices should have a short response time, be inert towards reactants, and, if possible, be able to monitor multiple reactor systems or lines.</p><p>For this work, a 990 Micro GC system was used to measure NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O simultaneously. While the analysis of N<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> using a Molsieve column in gas chromatography is well established, the methods for analyzing water and ammonia are less developed.</p><p>In previous studies, the basic analysis of NH<sub>3</sub> (up to concentrations of 20%) was demonstrated using a CP‑Volamine channel. In a six‑month robustness test, the 990 Micro GC system and the CP‑Volamine analytical channel both proved to be effective and durable over an extended period of time.<sup>3</sup> The J&amp;W CP‑Volamine column used in the channel is a relatively nonpolar column that is highly effective for the analysis of NH<sub>3</sub> or other polar components. A unique deactivation process is applied during manufacturing, which gives higher quality peak shapes for NH<sub>3</sub> compared to other column chemistries or deactivation processes. Higher quality peak symmetry can lead to lower detection limits, higher precision, and improved accuracy. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that the 990 Micro GC system can effectively analyze 100% NH<sub>3</sub> without compromising performance or robustness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>This application note demonstrates the capabilities of an Agilent 990 Micro GC system for monitoring NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O in the feed and product streams of ammonia cracking reactors. The system has been shown to be effective across a wide range of concentrations.</p><p>This two‑channel configuration used a 15 m Agilent CP‑Volamine straight channel and a 10 m Agilent CP‑Molsieve backflush channel, performing exceptionally well for NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>.</p><p>The system was equipped with a stream selection valve (SSV), allowing easy switching between the bulk ammonia source, the low concentration reformate side of the reactor, and the calibration gas flows. The SSV also makes it possible to monitor multiple reactors with a single instrument and is amenable to high‑throughput or piloting studies.</p><p>This 990 Micro GC setup has demonstrated exceptional repeatability and linearity, a rapid cycle time (&lt; 1 minute), and a robustness towards ammonia as a bulk sample.</p><h4><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/sl_003311_gc_vacuum_probe_interlock_nevervent_food_beverage_sl003311_na_en_529ea8c8af.pdf"><strong>How NeverVent technology enables consistent uptime for continued lab operation</strong></a></h4><ul><li>Technical note</li></ul><p><strong>Benefit summary</strong></p><ul><li>Eliminates unnecessary downtime</li><li>Maintains productivity</li><li>Simplifies maintenance</li><li>Enables disruption-free ionization type change</li><li>Increases ROI</li></ul><p><strong>What is NeverVent technology and how does it work?</strong></p><p>Thermo Scientific™ NeverVent ™ technology is unique to Thermo Fisher Scientific’s GC-MS products. It allows for routine maintenance, exchange of ionization mode, and direct probe work to be performed without the need to break the vacuum of the mass spectrometer:</p><ul><li>Removing/replacing the ionization source: Utilizing the vacuum probe interlock (VPI) in combination with an isolation valve, the ionization source can be removed the from the system without venting the MS. The source can either be cleaned or replaced with a spare clean source, and samples can be run without long stabilization times which would be required if the system was vented.</li><li>Changing ionization type: Using the VPI, the ionization source can be replaced with a different type of ionization source, for example, switching from Electron Ionization (EI) to Chemical ionization (CI) within a few minutes.</li><li>Using direct sampling probes: The VPI also allows the use of direct probes on some NeverVent GC-MS systems. This enables direct sampling into the MS system, bypassing the GC separation, and is useful in compound characterization and when analyzing very difficult to volatilize samples like oils or metal complexes.</li><li>Changing the GC column without venting: When performing common column maintenance like trimming, or replacing the column entirely, the V-Lock Source Plug allows the MS to be sealed off from inside the manifold. Columns can be exchanged or maintained without ever breaking vacuum.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 50, 2024

<h5><strong>Our gas chromatography specialist brings you today 5 tips on what to watch out for in gas chromatography:</strong></h5><p><strong>#1</strong> The carrier gas must be of hight purity. Even a small concentration of impurities can react undesirably with the sample or the column. In practice, this will be manifested, for example, by the appearance of false peaks, reduced sensitivity or an increase in detector noise. In extreme cases, irreversible damage to the device may occur.</p><p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_1_The_carrier_gas_must_be_of_hight_purity_f050a9110e.jpg" alt="Watrex - #1 The carrier gas must be of hight purity" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_1_The_carrier_gas_must_be_of_hight_purity_f050a9110e.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768"></p><p><strong>#2</strong> Use a quality two-stage reduction valve with a metal diaphragm. Inexpensive reducing valves are usually equipped with a rubber membrane through which oxygen and other impurities from the environment can diffuse. This dramatically reduces the quality of the carrier gas.</p><p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_2_Use_a_quality_two_stage_reduction_valve_with_a_metal_diaphragm_2e2a5fd878.jpg" alt="Watrex: #2 Use a quality two-stage reduction valve with a metal diaphragm " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_2_Use_a_quality_two_stage_reduction_valve_with_a_metal_diaphragm_2e2a5fd878.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768"></p><p><strong>#3</strong> It is necessary to ensure the tightness and cleanliness of the injection port.</p><p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_3_It_is_necessary_to_ensure_the_tightness_and_cleanliness_of_the_injection_port_a6f4840874.jpg" alt="Watrex: #3 It is necessary to ensure the tightness and cleanliness of the injection port " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_3_It_is_necessary_to_ensure_the_tightness_and_cleanliness_of_the_injection_port_a6f4840874.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768"></p><p><strong>#4</strong> Especially at higher temperatures, irreversible degeneration occurs in a number of columns, which can be exacerbated by the presence of oxygen and water. Therefore, the column needs to be under a constant flow of clean carrier gas.</p><p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_4_The_column_needs_to_be_under_a_constant_flow_of_clean_carrier_gas_2727bbb8f2.jpg" alt="Watrex: #4 The column needs to be under a constant flow of clean carrier gas " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_4_The_column_needs_to_be_under_a_constant_flow_of_clean_carrier_gas_2727bbb8f2.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768"></p><p><strong>#5</strong> Most detectors contain parts heated to a high temperature. If they come into contact with oxygen under these conditions, oxidation of their surface occurs, which can lead to their damage or permanent change in properties. Therefore, it is necessary for the detectors to be constantly flushed with clean operating gases during operation.</p><p style="text-align:center;"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_5_It_is_necessary_for_the_detectors_to_be_constantly_flushed_with_clean_operating_gases_during_operation_02b8cb1511.jpg" alt="Watrex: #5 It is necessary for the detectors to be constantly flushed with clean operating gases during operation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_5_It_is_necessary_for_the_detectors_to_be_constantly_flushed_with_clean_operating_gases_during_operation_02b8cb1511.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="768" height="768"></p>

5 things to watch out for with GC

<h4><strong>Here's what Clarity 10.0 offers:</strong></h4><p>For a comprehensive function overview, please refer to the full details on our website. Also, check our Upgrade policy.&nbsp;</p><ul style="margin-top:0px;"><li><strong>Dual Chromatogram Mode:</strong> two samples can be measured during one analysis using dual tower or dual loop samplers.</li><li><strong>Extended GLP</strong> options for regulated environments.</li><li>Many improvements for <span>Clarity</span> Extensions: <strong>MS, PDA, DHA, NGA</strong>.</li><li>Updated and new control modules.</li></ul><p>For a comprehensive function overview, please refer to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/news/140846/clarity-10-released"><strong>the full details on our website</strong></a>. Also, check our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/upgrade"><strong>Upgrade policy</strong></a>.</p><p>Upgrade now and experience Clarity 10.0!</p><blockquote><p class="cke-user_style-important"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-demo"><strong>GET FREE DEMO</strong></a></p><ul><li>Check the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1&amp;version=10.0">What is new</a>.</li><li>Read the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/downloads/140899/view">Clarity (Lite) 10 vs. 9.0</a> guide.</li></ul></blockquote><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Thank you for your trust in our products,</p><p><strong>Your DataApex team</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Dataapex_Clarity_10_released_91e9897b7d.jpg" alt="Dataapex: Clarity 10 chromatography software released" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Dataapex_Clarity_10_released_91e9897b7d.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="550"></p><h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999"><span><strong>DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software</strong></span></a></h3><p><span>Clarity is a chromatography data software for data acquisition, processing, and instrument control in regulated environment. Clarity is a flexible solution for devices from different vendors, supporting different applications.</span></p><p>Optional <strong>control modules</strong> provide integrated control of selected instruments such as <strong>GCs</strong>, <strong>LCs</strong>, <strong>pumps</strong>, <strong>detectors</strong>, <strong>autosamplers</strong>, etc. Extensions provide functions for <strong>specific separation techniques</strong> or <strong>calculations</strong> such as <strong>PDA</strong>, <strong>GPC analysis</strong>, <strong>Mass spectrometry</strong>, or <strong>SST</strong>. Clarity can run in <strong>English</strong>, <strong>French</strong>, <strong>German</strong>, <strong>Russian</strong>, <strong>Spanish</strong>, and <strong>Chinese</strong> language. Support technicians and developers are close to their users and ready to provide extensive Support from DataApex.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_3_4adabdd9a6/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-3.png" alt="DataApex: Clarity Chromatography Software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_3_4adabdd9a6/thumbnail_DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-3.png 230w," sizes="100vw" width="1862" height="1265"></p>

Clarity 10 chromatography software released

<p>Dear customers, partners, and friends,</p><p>Thank you for your trust and support over the past year. It has been an honor to be part of your projects and to push the boundaries of science, technology and especially <strong>chromatography together</strong>.</p><h5>As we step into 2025, we wish you:</h5><ul><li>Health, happiness, and personal well-being</li><li>Success in all your professional and personal goals</li><li>Plenty of inspiration and innovative solutions</li></ul><p><strong>We look forward to another year of collaboration, growth, and new opportunities</strong>. May 2025 be a year of success and joy for you all!</p><p>Thank you for being with us.</p><p>Yours,&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Watrex Praha</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Merry_Christmas_and_a_Happy_New_Year_2025_a8f65275d0.jpg" alt="Watrex: Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year 2025" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Merry_Christmas_and_a_Happy_New_Year_2025_a8f65275d0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="781"></p>

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year 2025

<p><span dir="ltr"><strong>From all of us at DataApex, we wish you a peaceful Christmas and a bright New Year!&nbsp;</strong></span></p><h4><strong>Peaks of the Year: Behind the scenes</strong></h4><p><span dir="ltr"><strong>Curious about how things are kept running? Here's a glimpse behind the scenes:</strong></span></p><p><span dir="ltr">🤝 5 team-building events brought us closer together.</span><br><span dir="ltr">📅 26 major milestones were met.</span><br><span dir="ltr">🧪 Clarity underwent 3 rounds of testing to ensure top quality.</span></p><p><span dir="ltr">A year of work, learning, and growth - we couldn't have done it without our team and your support! 💙</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Behind_the_scenes_d66fe51286.jpg" alt="DataApex: Peaks of the Year - Behind the scenes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Behind_the_scenes_d66fe51286.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1086" height="722"></p><h4><strong>Peaks of the Year: Industry insight</strong></h4><p><span dir="ltr"><strong>One of the standout advancements in Clarity 10.0 is the Dual Chromatogram Mode - a game-changer for industry professionals. 🚀 This new feature lets you:</strong></span></p><p><span dir="ltr">📊 Measure two samples in one analysis (creating two chromatograms)</span><br><span dir="ltr">📊 Utilize dual-tower samplers (GC) or dual-loop samplers (LC)</span><br><span dir="ltr">📊 Customize parameters for simultaneous measurements.</span></p><p><span dir="ltr">Interested in the Dual Chromatogram Mode? Contact your distributor or us at </span><a href="mailto:sales@dataapex.com" target="_self" data-test-app-aware-link=""><span dir="ltr">sales@dataapex.com</span></a><span dir="ltr"> to upgrade to Clarity 10.0. 📥</span></p><h4><strong>Peaks of the Year: Milestones of 2024</strong></h4><p><span dir="ltr">Starting with what we consider to be the largest milestones of 2024:</span></p><p><span dir="ltr">💎 Release of Clarity 9.1.1 and subsequently Clarity 10.0</span><br><span dir="ltr">💎 Support for the development of MS-MS control modules</span><br><span dir="ltr">💎 Dual chromatogram mode support</span><br><span dir="ltr">💎 Introduction of 27 new control modules (and update of 29)</span></p><p><span dir="ltr">What are your Milestones of 2024? </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dataapex/posts/?feedView=all"><span dir="ltr"><strong>Share in the comments!</strong></span></a><span dir="ltr"> 💬</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Merry_Christmas_and_Happy_New_Year_8a454c13da.jpg" alt="DataApex: Peaks of the Year: Milestones of 2024" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Merry_Christmas_and_Happy_New_Year_8a454c13da.jpg 236w," sizes="100vw" width="1088" height="720"></p><h4><strong>Peaks of the Year: Nice to meet you!</strong></h4><p><span dir="ltr">Meeting our partners and customers was among our top priorities this year. Here's what we accomplished in 2024:</span></p><p><span dir="ltr">🤝 Participated in multiple international exhibitions</span><br><span dir="ltr">🤝 Organized and contributed to various trainings and webinars</span><br><span dir="ltr">🤝 Engaged with Clarity users from across the globe</span></p><p><span dir="ltr">Your support has made all of this possible - thank you for being a part of our journey! 🥂</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Nice_to_meet_you_b27b9a87f7.jpg" alt="DataApex: Peaks of the Year - Nice to meet you!" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Nice_to_meet_you_b27b9a87f7.jpg 236w," sizes="100vw" width="1088" height="720"></p><h4><strong>Peaks of the Year: Most popular features</strong></h4><p><span dir="ltr">This year, the PDA Extension stole the spotlight as the most popular Clarity extension, included with every 10th license sold in 2024. 🌈 Designed for processing 3D data from photo-diode array (PDA) detectors, it's a must-have for every analyst. 🧑‍🔬</span></p><p><span dir="ltr">Curious about its capabilities? </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1001"><span dir="ltr"><strong>Explore the details here</strong></span></a><span dir="ltr"> 🧑‍💻</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Most_popular_features_aee1f1aad3.jpg" alt="DataApex: Peaks of the Year - Most popular features" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Most_popular_features_aee1f1aad3.jpg 236w," sizes="100vw" width="1088" height="720"></p><h4><strong>Peaks of the Year: Customer support</strong></h4><p><span dir="ltr">Our customers are our top priority. 💙 We're proud to share some highlights from this year's achievements for you:</span></p><p><span dir="ltr">🤝 Resolved over 900 customer-reported incidents</span><br><span dir="ltr">🤝 Introduced a new support request form on our website</span><br><span dir="ltr">🤝 Released 17 new Clarity tutorial videos</span><br><span dir="ltr">🤝 Updated countless Clarity documentation topics</span></p><p><span dir="ltr">Were you happy with our support in 2024? </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dataapex/posts/?feedView=all"><span dir="ltr"><strong>Share your thoughts in the comments!</strong></span></a><span dir="ltr"> 💬</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Customer_support_ebad2febff.jpg" alt="DataApex: Peaks of the Year - Customer support" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Peaks_of_the_Year_Customer_support_ebad2febff.jpg 236w," sizes="100vw" width="1088" height="720"></p>

Peaks of the Year: Merry Christmas and Happy New Year

<p><strong>Dear LabRulez portal users, customers and friends,</strong></p><p>As the year draws to a close, we would like to thank you for your trust, support and cooperation in helping us to make 2024 another successful year and to confirm our position in the complex online world.</p><ul><li><strong>Number of users: + 311 500</strong></li><li><strong>Page views: + 866 700</strong></li><li><strong>Google views: + 21 338 000</strong></li><li><strong>Number of opened PDFs: + 1 000 000</strong></li></ul><p>This year has been special for us:</p><ul><li><strong>We have expanded the amount of content and companies/institutions on our Czech and Global ENG portals:</strong><ul><li><div><strong>+ 1 100 </strong><a style="text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc=123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab&amp;stat=fc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695&amp;link=365f29c05f59f09b27a7d9401c64cdb8" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc%3D123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab%26stat%3Dfc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695%26link%3D365f29c05f59f09b27a7d9401c64cdb8&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735914131764000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2sqnlPKYrZH6GUEuMaLN9N"><strong>product pages</strong></a></div></li><li><div><strong>+ 4 200 </strong><a style="text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc=123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab&amp;stat=fc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695&amp;link=93df8cfbbbba9d35c82dd03d6c6e6a77" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc%3D123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab%26stat%3Dfc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695%26link%3D93df8cfbbbba9d35c82dd03d6c6e6a77&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735914131764000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0i3EW4BxATvCYiZoxjgG0_"><strong>webinars</strong></a><strong> in the field of analytical chemistry</strong></div></li><li><div><strong>+ 28 000 </strong><a style="text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc=123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab&amp;stat=fc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695&amp;link=6ca09938fdd3af05a2dd6a6dc9535288" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc%3D123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab%26stat%3Dfc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695%26link%3D6ca09938fdd3af05a2dd6a6dc9535288&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735914131764000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RYAOSlPiUlbmmDzKJQ9v_"><strong>documents in the library</strong></a></div></li><li><div><strong>+ 1 400 </strong><a style="text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc=123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab&amp;stat=fc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695&amp;link=1c5bb493c2d3942fee72fafd8fb48407" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc%3D123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab%26stat%3Dfc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695%26link%3D1c5bb493c2d3942fee72fafd8fb48407&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735914131764000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1Ha-hc0DCEr3B81wtO7k-w"><strong>job offers</strong></a><strong> in the field of analytical chemistry</strong></div></li><li><div><strong>+ 4 350 </strong><a style="text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc=123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab&amp;stat=fc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695&amp;link=d8110e00cbfc39142021960754e22ef6" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc%3D123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab%26stat%3Dfc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695%26link%3Dd8110e00cbfc39142021960754e22ef6&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735914131764000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0HqqJ6j3nEABXctB91UNnu"><strong>articles/news</strong></a></div></li><li><div><strong>+ 200 </strong><a style="text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc=123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab&amp;stat=fc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695&amp;link=e45b99f0223a870a1bfc017a412ecd13" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc%3D123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab%26stat%3Dfc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695%26link%3De45b99f0223a870a1bfc017a412ecd13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735914131764000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3SaH4XJwkstFWzg-w0kRev"><strong>bazaar items</strong></a></div></li></ul></li><li>We have launched the <strong>possibility of direct </strong><a style="text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc=123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab&amp;stat=fc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695&amp;link=fc6a7f2e96d89911071d9f16b146d65a" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc%3D123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab%26stat%3Dfc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695%26link%3Dfc6a7f2e96d89911071d9f16b146d65a&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735914131764000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3AeUyW4EWPQQwaJhqRHL5i"><strong>qualified inquiry</strong></a> or<strong> statistical application</strong></li><li>We have commercially launched the <a style="text-decoration:none!important;" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc=123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab&amp;stat=fc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695&amp;link=5ebbe194bce34518e209e94d457bc5d3" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://labrulezlinks.seurl.cz/email-audience/link?acc%3D123254b4-60ba-11eb-abc8-ac1f6bc402ab%26stat%3Dfc61f5bbc6404c10b69e0526dce56695%26link%3D5ebbe194bce34518e209e94d457bc5d3&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735914131764000&amp;usg=AOvVaw29D7Bq9p3q4sEZ-GE_uMlY"><strong>LabRulezICPMS portal </strong></a><strong>focused on Spectroscopy </strong>and<strong> Physical Methods of Analytical Chemistry</strong></li><li>We have opened a <strong>service center/laboratory for maintenance, refurbishment and servicing of demo/older BAZAAR instruments, mainly in the field of chromatography and mass spectrometry</strong></li><li>We are actively working to <strong>expand our global ENG portals</strong></li></ul><p><strong>You have enabled us to grow and improve what we do best - delivering quality content, building a community of analytical chemists, creating new opportunities, and serving commercial, government, or academic institutions.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Lab_Rulez_Servisni_centrum_a_laborator_Lab_Rulez_pro_udrzbu_a_servis_zanovnichstarsich_BAZAR_instrumentu_18aa8af0de.jpg" alt="LabRulez: LabRulez Service Centre and Laboratory for maintenance and servicing of older BAZAAR instruments" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Lab_Rulez_Servisni_centrum_a_laborator_Lab_Rulez_pro_udrzbu_a_servis_zanovnichstarsich_BAZAR_instrumentu_18aa8af0de.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="4032" height="2268"></p><h3><strong>What are our plans for 2025?</strong></h3><p>We plan to continue innovating and we are preparing several new sections for you:</p><ul><li><strong>The main new feature will be an open academic section</strong> (analytical Wikipedia), which will bring you <strong>theoretical and practical quality/proof educational content, service tips &amp; tricks and discussion forum</strong>.</li><li>We will also expand <strong>the BAZAAR section</strong> and our service facilities.</li></ul><p>Thank you for being part of our journey. We look forward to more successes together and what 2025 will bring.</p><p>May the year 2025 be full of fulfilled wishes and successes for you!</p><p>With friendly regards</p><p><strong>Ivo Novotný</strong><br>(CEO &amp; Founder, LabRulez s.r.o.)</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Lab_Rulez_Ivo_Novotny_CEO_and_Founder_Lab_Rulez_s_r_o_af1d7cc897.jpg" alt="LabRulez: Ivo Novotný  CEO &amp; Founder, LabRulez s.r.o.)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Lab_Rulez_Ivo_Novotny_CEO_and_Founder_Lab_Rulez_s_r_o_af1d7cc897.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1713" height="963"></p>

LabRulez portals in 2024 and our plans for 2025

<p><strong>We bring you a selection of the TOP 10 most requested webinars in the field of gas/solid phase and especially GC, GC/MS, Raman and FTIR on LabRulezGCMS portals in 2024.</strong></p><blockquote><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></p><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>3 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. SepSolve Analytical: Improved productivity for routine analysis of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH-CWG)</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place Fr, 24.6.2022</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/1947">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>We will examine the challenges involved in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPH-CWG) analysis and demonstrate the use of GC×GC–FID.</p></div><h5><strong>2.&nbsp;Teledyne LABS: Comparing EPA Method 8260C and D</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place Th, 17.6.2021</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/952">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>Join us for this complimentary webinar where you will gain a brief understanding of Purge and Trap and the similarities vs differences with EPA Method 8260 C and D.</p></div><h5><strong>3.&nbsp;Phenomenex: ASTM Methods for DHA, PONA, PIONA, PIANO with GC</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place Tu, 26.10.2021</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/1447">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>In this webinar we will cover DHA by ZB-DHA PONA COLUMN, How to improve Polar Oxygenates analysis and Applications on DHA, PONA, PIONA, PIANO, and ASTM Methods (D5134, D5441, D5501, D6729, D6730, D6733).</p></div><h5><strong>4.&nbsp;Shimadzu Corporation: Shimadzu Theory &amp; Key Principles Series - GCMS Session 2: Single Quadrupole (SQ) GCMS</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place We, 23.9.2020</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/251">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>This is the second session in a series of webinars on fundamental concepts in GCMS. This session will cover: EI, CI/PCI, NCI, SMCI, How a quadrupole MS system works.</p></div><h5><strong>5.&nbsp;Waters Corporation: Empower Tips: Ask Me Anything About Calculating Signal to Noise Ratio</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place Tu, 8.8.2023</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/2892">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>The calculation of signal to noise ratio is a critical parameter during method development, method validation and routine monitoring the performance of a chromatographic method.</p></div><h5><strong>6.&nbsp;Restek Corporation: Analysis of Amines in GC</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place Tu, 23.3.2021</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/830">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>In this webinar we will discuss several solutions for amine analysis focusing on volatile amines as well as for amine/alcohol/water mixtures.</p></div><h5><strong>7.&nbsp;Waters Corporation: Empower Tips: Ask Me Anything About Using and Reviewing Information in Empower Software Audit Trails</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place Th, 11.4.2024</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/3757">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>In this webinar, you will gain an understanding of how to use the information captured in the various Audit Trails within Empower Software and in the Empower Message Center.</p></div><h5><strong>8.&nbsp;Shimadzu Corporation: Shimadzu Theory &amp; Key Principles Series - GCMS Session 3: Triple Quadrupole (TQ) GCMS</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place We, 7.10.2020</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/252">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>This is the third webinar on fundamental concepts in GCMS. This session will cover: Triple Quadrupole (TQ), Collision cell, Precursor &amp; Product ions, Analysis modes, Benefits of TQ.</p></div><h5><strong>9.&nbsp;Thermo Fisher Scientific: Proteome Discoverer Workshop (Data processing with CHIMERYS search engine)</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place Tu, 9.4.2024</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/3713">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>Get updated with new features in Thermo Scientific™ Proteome Discoverer™ (PD) sw package, with primary focus on CHIMERYS search engine.</p></div><h5><strong>10.&nbsp;Agilent Technologies: Seminar 2 – OpenLab CDS – Data Analysis</strong></h5><div><div><ul><li><div><span style="color:#D92B04;">RECORD</span> | Already taken place Tu, 22.12.2020</div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/556">Registration</a></div></li></ul></div><p>Explore the new look and feel of the Data Analysis engine. Become acquainted with Integration Parameters and how to create a calibration curve for quantitation. Investigate other new software tools etc...</p></div>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS TOP 10 in 2024

Introduction of a small volume ethyl acetate based liquid-liquid extraction procedure for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater by atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and evaluation of method greenness

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 6th January 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you applications and other documents by <strong>Agilent Technologies</strong>, <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific</strong>,<strong> </strong>and<strong> Shimadzu</strong>!</p><h4><strong>1. Shimadzu: GC-MS-Based Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition in Microalgae</strong></h4><ul><li>Application</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ap_aplnote106_en_a5170916d8.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Given the urgent need to mitigate climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, there has been a substantial increase in research and development efforts focused on the production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) from microalgae. As the fatty acids contained in microalgae are used as raw materials for SAF, the standardization of analytical methods for these fatty acids is imperative for accurately evaluating the potential of microalgae as a SAF source. This paper introduces a case study in which we validated an analytical method for fatty acids in microalgae biomass using the GCMS-TQ TM 8040 NX, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer capable of high-resolution and high-sensitivity detection.</p><h5><strong>GC-MS Analysis Methods</strong></h5><p>GCMS-TQ8040 NX (Fig. 3A) was employed for FAME analyses. The detailed analytical condition is shown in Table 2. Retention times of target compounds were predicted using the Smart Metabolites Database (Fig. 3B) based on the retention indices of n-alkanes, and the analysis method was automatically created. Quantification of FAMEs was performed using Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix (Sigma-Aldrich). All values are presented as mean ±SD.</p><h5><strong>Conclusion</strong></h5><p>This application note presented a comparative validation of fatty acid analysis methods for microalgae using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GCMS-TQ8040 NX. Our results from conventional fatty acid analysis, which involved an extraction process, showed that the quantity of fatty acids detected in microalgae was influenced by the type and ratio of extraction solvents. Additionally, since optimal conditions differ among microalgal species, consideration of extraction solvents is necessary in analyses involving extraction processes. In contrast, the in situ analysis without an extraction process was found to result in lower fatty acid detection compared to the extraction-based method, indicating that further improvements are needed.</p><h4><strong>2. Agilent Technologies:&nbsp;Hydrocarbon Class Analysis of Conventional and Synthetic Aviation Turbine Fuels by ASTM D8396</strong></h4><ul><li>Application</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_aviation_turbine_fuels_astm_d8396_5994_7929en_agilent_7d0fe51745.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p><strong>Flow-modulated GCxGC-FID using the Agilent Reverse Flow Modulator and 8890 GC.</strong></p><p>This application note demonstrates the performance of the Agilent Reversed Flow Modulator (RFM) and Agilent 8890 GC through molecular group-type analysis of aviation turbine fuel and synthetic aviation turbine fuel (SATF) by comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GCxGC-FID) per ASTM D8396. Method precision was explored using both hydrogen and helium carrier gases and yielded quantitative precision below 1.0 %RSD for 39 out of 42 compounds and 42 out of 42 compounds, respectively, across 10 consecutive replicate injections of a gravimetric standard. GCxGC data analysis was conducted using GC Image – GCxGC Edition, and the demonstration of reconciling GCxGC peak movement using GC Image's affine transformation capabilities is also highlighted. Finally, the method is used to show the group-type quantification of a reference jet fuel, an HEFA and an FT-SPK SATF, two kerosene reference materials, and a diesel-FAMEs blend.</p><h5><strong>Experimental</strong></h5><p>An 8890 GC was configured with an Agilent 7693A autosampler, split/splitless (SSL) inlet, RFM, and two flame ionization detectors (FID). The second FID is an optional but highly recommended addition and was connected to the outlet of the restrictor column to actively monitor and ensure that the modulation channel was not overfilled during the run. To facilitate modulation, the RFM was paired with a pneumatic switching device (PSD) connected to the carrier gas supply. Both the hydrogen and helium carrier methods used a "reverse column configuration". The first-dimension column was a mid-polar DB-17, and the second-dimension column was a non-polar DB-1HT. The DB-17 was chosen over a more-polar phase (such as a polyethylene glycol "wax" phase) for its robustness and ability to elute heavier polyaromatic species at lower temperatures. The DB-1HT was manually cut to a length of 5.00 m from an original length of 30 m. Both the hydrogen and helium carrier methods used uncoated deactivated fused silica with an internal diameter of 0.10 mm cut to lengths of 1.99 and 2.64 m, respectively, as the restrictor column. Detailed instrument configurations and method parameters can be found in Table 1, and a picture and flow schematic of the RFM is shown in Figure 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>An Agilent 8890 GC configured with an Agilent Reversed Flow Modulator has been demonstrated as a simple, precise, and robust GCxGC flow modulator through the application of ASTM D8396 using both hydrogen and helium carrier. Identification of marker compounds and delineation between molecular classes was achieved using the template-based identification protocol within GC Image. Group-based quantification was demonstrated for conventional jet fuel, SATF as FT-SPK and HEFA-SPK, kerosene, and a diesel-FAME blend. A precision study was conducted with 10 consecutive replicate injections of a gravimetric mixture and showed quantitative precision of less than 1.0 %RSD for practically all 42 compounds over a concentration range of 0.50 to 5.50% mass. The exceptional retention time repeatability from Agilent's 6th-generation EPC technology combined with GC Image's advanced and intuitive image transformation capabilities establishes the foundation for long-term success with D8396 and future GCxGC test methods.</p><h4><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Sensitive and cryogen-free analysis of epichlorohydrin and other VOCs in drinking water by using In-Tube Extraction Dynamic Headspace (ITEX-DHS) sampling coupled to GC-MS</strong></h4><ul><li>Application</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_003503_gc_ms_itex_dhs_vocs_an003503_na_en_f9e523f52a.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The aim of this study is to demonstrate the suitability of In-Tube Extraction Dynamic Headspace (ITEX-DHS) for the analysis of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and epichlorohydrin (ECH) in drinking water, when coupled to a cryogen-free refocusing into a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector.</p><h5><strong>Instrumentation</strong></h5><p>A Thermo Scientific™ TriPlus™ RSH SMART autosampler<sup>2</sup> equipped with an ITEX-DHS tool was coupled to a Thermo Scientific™ TRACE ™ 1610 GC, configured with a Thermo Scientific™ iConnect™ programmed temperature vaporizer (iConnect-PTV) injector, and a Thermo Scientific™ ISQ™ 7610 single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The PTV injector was equipped with a liner packed with Tenax TA (P/N 45312145-UI), suitable for a cryogen-free refocusing of the most volatile compounds.</p><p>Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Thermo Scientific™ TraceGOLD™ TG-624 SilMS, 60 m × 0.25 mm × 1.4 μm column (P/N 26085-3330). This column provided high inertness and thermal stability with maximum temperatures up to 320 °C. The phase thickness makes this column ideal for volatile organics analysis. Helium was used as carrier gas, providing high chromatographic efficiency and inertness.</p><h5><strong>Conclusions</strong></h5><p>The results of these experiments demonstrate that the In-Tube Extraction Dynamic Headspace (ITEX-DHS) coupled to the ISQ 7610 GC-MS system equipped with an iConnect PTV injector provides an ideal solution for analytical science laboratories monitoring critical contaminants in drinking water.</p><ul><li>Dynamic headspace is a convenient solventless extraction and enrichment technique for VVOCs, VOCs, and ECH in drinking water with almost no sample preparation required.</li><li>The ITEX-DHS sampling technology offers a robust and powerful enrichment of volatiles, removing typical issues involved when purging the aqueous samples and allowing for equivalent limits of detection to the P&amp;T sampling technique.</li><li>The ITEX-DHS sampling technology coupled to a Tenax TA packed liner and PTV injector allows for analyte trapping and refocusing prior to column transfer so that improved peak shapes for the early eluting compounds can be achieved.</li><li>The ITEX-DHS enrichment capability combined with SIM acquisitions allows for sensitive analysis of ECH and other VOCs with limits of detection in the low ppt range (from 2 to 220 ng/L) ensuring adequate performance to meet the thresholds set by the current EU regulation.</li><li>The reliability of the entire workflow (analyte extraction, enrichment, injection, and data acquisition) was demonstrated with absolute peak area repeatability &lt;14% over n=10 injections of matrix-matched standards spiked at 0.25 μg/L.</li><li>The integrated control for both autosampler and GC-MS in a single CDS ensures a streamlined automated workflow from sample extraction to sequence set up, data acquisition, and reporting.</li></ul>

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