Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 26th October 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote><h3>1. LECO: Characterization and Comparison of Lavandin Essential Oil Aroma Profiles by Using Fast <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1097">GC-TOFMS</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1873">ChromaTOFSync</a></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/PEGBTX_LAVANDIN_ESSENTIAL_OIL_SYNC_203_821_740_ocred_4f0b6542e3.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><section><div><div><div><div><div><div>The qualitative characterization of essential oil volatiles is commonly performed using GC-MS; however, conventional methods often rely on long capillary columns, slow oven temperature ramps, and helium as the carrier gas. These factors typically result in analysis times exceeding one hour, higher operational costs, and limited sample throughput. Detailed aroma profiling, such as for lavandin essential oil, is nonetheless critical for understanding complex chemical composition, identifying key aroma-active compounds, and assessing compositional variability between samples.&nbsp;Fast GC-TOFMS, using hydrogen (H2) as the carrier gas, offers an effective solution for the rapid analysis of complex essential oil matrices. Optimized temperature programming and high oven heating rates significantly reduces analysis time while maintaining chromatographic resolution. The Pegasus BTX GC-TOFMS system generates highly detailed datasets, which are efficiently processed using ChromaTOF Sync software for automated peak detection, chromatographic alignment, and non-targeted comparison across multiple samples. Here three lavandin oil varieties (Lavandin Oil Abrialis, Grosso, and Super) were analyzed and compared using this workflow to investigate compositional differences and identify discriminant compounds, with selected results highlighting some relevant findings.<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4>Three varieties of lavandin essential oil samples, namely Abrialis, Grosso, and Super, were analyzed using fast GC-TOFMS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1097">LECO Pegasus BTX</a>) after appropriate dilution in n-hexane. &nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/82">Auto Sampler - LECO L-PAL 3</a>, Gas Chromatograph - <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890">Agilent 8890</a>.<h4>Conclusions&nbsp;</h4>This application note demonstrates that fast GC-TOFMS using the Pegasus BTX system is a powerful and reliable solution for the rapid characterization of lavandin essential oils. The use of H, and fast temperature programming dramatically reduces run time while maintaining analytical performance.&nbsp;The integration of ChromaTOF Sync is critical for handling complex datasets, enabling efficient peak alignment, non-targeted profiling, and robust comparison of multiple samples. Together, this workflow supports rapid aroma profiling, identification of key discriminant compounds, and confident differentiation of lavandin essential oil varieties.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Characterization and Temporal Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Released in Response to Plant Stress</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/an_01_01240_en_d5914fb564.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>MonoTrap is well suited for field sampling because it is easy to transfer and store, enabling collection of plant-derived VOCs.&nbsp;</li><li>Plant-derived VOCs can be analyzed without the complicated pretreatment procedure such as solvent extraction.&nbsp;</li><li>This analysis system is ideal for measuring time-dependent changes in VOCs associated with plant stress responses</li></ul>Plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to stressors such as changes in growing conditions and physical damage. These VOCs are known to have various physiological functions, including repelling herbivorous insects, enhancing resistance against pathogens, and facilitating plant-to-plant communication. For example, green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are a group of fatty acid-derived C6 VOCs released in response to stressors such as herbivore damage and pathogenic infection, and are reported to play an important role in plant defense response.1) However, VOCs sampling from living plants is labor-intensive because collection equipment must be carried in the field.&nbsp;This Application News describes the collection of VOCs released from plant leaves in response to cutting and ultraviolet stress using MonoTrap, followed by analysis using a thermal desorption GC-MS system. VOC profiles generated under different stress conditions were compared, and time-dependent changesin VOCs emissions were evaluated.<h4>Advantages of MonoTrap&nbsp;</h4>MonoTrap is an adsorbent consisting of a monolith silica substrate and characterized by its ability to efficiently collect VOCs. Its large surface area enables the adsorption of a wide range of compounds from small molecules to medium- and high-boiling point components. MonoTrap is compatible with various desorption techniques, including solvent extraction and thermal desorption. Because it is small in size, and easy to handle, MonoTrap is ideal for sampling in the field, offering excellent ease of use, transport, and storage, making it well suited for field sampling of VOCs and environmental gases. In this study, a MonoTrap RGC18 TD (Cat.No.:1050-74201, GL Sciences) designed for thermal desorption-based analysis was used. After VOC collection, the MonoTrap was simply placed in a glass thermal desorption tube for analysis (Fig. 2). This approach simplifies the workflow from sampling to analysis, and helps reduce the variability between operators.<h4>Analysis Conditions&nbsp;</h4>The MonoTrap was placed in a glass tube for thermal desorption, which was set in a TD-30R thermal desorption system.&nbsp;<ul><li>GC Model: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=2030">Nexis GC-2030&nbsp;</a></li><li>MS Model: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=QP2050">GCMS-QP2050</a></li></ul><h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>VOCs released from plant leaves in response to cutting and ultraviolet stress were collected using MonoTrap and analyzed by thermal desorption GC-MS system. The results showed that both the stress response compounds and the amounts of VOCs released varied depending on the stress conditions. GLVs such as 3-hexenal and 3-hexen-1-ol were detected under cutting stress. In addition, time-dependent changes in response compounds during UV irradiation were successfully monitored. MonoTrap for thermal desorption does not require complicated sample processing such as solvent extraction, and can be combined with a thermal desorption GC-MS system to streamline proceduresfrom sampling to qualitative analysis.<h3>3. Waters Corporation: Analysis of Halogenated Flame Retardants Using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization GC-MS/MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/720009617_en_99b33dbd75.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>Benefits</h5><ul><li>The ability of the atmospheric pressure gas chromatography APGC™ ionization source on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/554">Xevo™ TQ Absolute System</a> to tolerate high carrier gas flow and an increased number of MRM transitions helps the implementation of the N2 carrier gas method using the same analytical column, reducing the need for reanalysis of samples, and contributes to a more matrix-independent method</li><li>Operator training is reduced to weeks from months through conversion of the method from a magnetic sector to a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer</li><li>Use of a single, inexpensive, readily available gas for chromatographic separation, ionization and MS/MS fragmentation provides an overall simpler, more sustainable analysis</li></ul>Despite both voluntary and regulatory bans on the continued use of many HFRs, there remains a need to monitor for their presence in environmental matrices because of their previous widespread use, persistence, environmental transport, and potential toxicity. For decades, analysts have relied on magnetic sector EI GCHRMS instruments for this work due to the sensitivity, specificity and dynamic range they provide. In recent years, however, these systems have increasingly been hindered by inherent limitations of the technology such as slow acquisition rates, operational complexity and a lack of adaptability to more sustainable methods. Tandem quadrupole MS/MS is well established in its ability to perform highly accurate, precise and reproducible quantification of analytes in complex matrices across a wide dynamic range. Commercial GC-APCI systems have demonstrated highly sensitive analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for over a decade.1,2 Combining these two techniques in a single system has demonstrated the ability to replace magnetic sectors in challenging analyses such as dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) monitoring.3-5 In this work, a list of 21 HFRs was analyzed on a Xevo TQ Absolute Mass Spectrometer using the APGC ionization source with nitrogen (N2) carrier gas. A discussion of adapting existing methods for the use of N2 carrier gas is included, as well as a database of MRM transitions that were developed.<h4>Experimental</h4>The instrumental method for this work has been described previously.6 As in that method, a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/554">Xevo TQ Absolute tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer</a> coupled with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890">8890 gas chromatograph (Agilent)</a> and fitted with the APGC ionization source was used for the measurements. The column was an Rtx®-1614, 15 m x 0.25 mm ID x 0.10 µm film (Restek) using an initial temperature of 110 °C then ramped to 210 °C at 10 °C/min, ramped to 260 °C at 20 °C/min held 1 minute, ramped to 310 °C at 10 °C/min, ramped to 330 °C at 40 °C/min with a final hold of 5 minutes for a total 24.5 minute runtime. One microliter pulsed splitless injections on the split/splitless (SSL) injector at 260 °C were used with a 0.5 minute pressure pulse to 20 psi. The use of a pressure pulse during injection is an important adaptation when converting He-based carrier gas methods to N2 carrier since the optimum linear velocity, and thus flowrate, for N2 is lower than He.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>An all-nitrogen configuration with APGC on a Xevo TQ Absolute System was successfully applied to the analysis of HFRs by adapting a He carrier gas reference method previously used on magnetic sector EI GC-HRMS systems. Total runtime and separation efficiency of the N2 carrier gas method was comparable to the He-based reference method without the need for column scaling. This was achieved through the use of carrier gas flow ramping using flow rates that cannot be accommodated by conventional vacuum-source EI GC/MS systems.&nbsp;The move to tandem quadrupole MS from high resolution MS updates the method for improved performance measures such as higher acquisition speeds and high specificity MS/MS while also requiring reduced training time and expertise as compared with magnetic sectors. Future work will investigate the method in more detail and explore the possible combination of HFRs and PBDEs into a single analytical method.</div></div></div></div></div></div></section>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 44, 2026

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 44, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 26th October 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote><h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Ultratrace Analysis of Surface Impurities in Photovoltaic-Grade Polysilicon by ICP-MS</h3>Quantification of 58 elements per GB/T24582-2023 using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8900">Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ</a><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/an_photovoltaic_cells_polysilicon_8900_icp_qqq_5995_0020en_agilent_2125536f4e.pdf">Full PDF for download</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>Green and sustainable energy reduces environmental harm, lowers carbon emissions, and supports long-term ecological balance.1 As energy demand rises and climate impacts intensify, transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass, has become essential for sustainability and energy security.2 Solar energy is widely used through technologies such as photovoltaic (PV) cells, which convert sunlight into electricity, and solar thermal systems, which produce heat. PV cells, which are typically made from crystalline silicon, are key to solar technology. The efficiency, cost, and durability of the cells largely depend on the materials used.3,4&nbsp;PV architectures are fundamentally built upon high-purity silicon ingots— a monocrystalline or polycrystalline mass of semiconductor-grade silicon, typically formed via the Czochralski or directional solidification process.5 These ingots are sliced into thin wafers that serve as the substrate for solar cell fabrication. In this process, doped regions and junctions are engineered to facilitate charge carrier separation and enable the conversion of incident solar radiation into electrical energy via the PV effect.6 Figure 1 depicts the manufacturing process for a PV panel.The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8900">Agilent 8900 Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS (ICP-QQQ)</a> is an advanced analytical platform engineered for ultratrace elemental analysis in high-purity materials such as polysilicon used in PV manufacturing. Its unique tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) configuration—comprising two quadrupoles (Q1 and Q2) separated by a collision/reaction cell—enables exceptional control over ion selection and reaction chemistry. Q1 acts as a mass filter to isolate target precursor ions, allowing only specific m/z values into the cell, while Q2 analyzes product ions formed after controlled reactions with gases such as O2, H2, or NH3. This design effectively eliminates complex spectral interferences, including polyatomic and isobaric overlaps that are particularly problematic in high-silicon matrices. As a result, the 8900 achieves sub-parts-per-trillion (ppt) detection limits for critical impurities like alkali and alkaline earth elements that are otherwise difficult to quantify accurately using conventional ICP-MS. Also, its high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and robust plasma conditions ensure reliable quantification across varying concentration levels. These capabilities make the 8900 ICP-QQQ a useful instrument for QC and contamination monitoring in the semiconductor and solar industries, where even trace impurities can significantly impact PV cell efficiency and performance.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>An Agilent 8900 ICP‑QQQ, configured with an s‑lens ion optics system to enhance ion transmission efficiency and sensitivity, was used for the simultaneous quantification of 58 trace and ultratrace elements in two polycrystalline silicon ingot samples. Sample preparation was carried out by acid extraction in accordance with the GB/T 24582‑2023 standard.&nbsp;Ultratrace detection at sub‑ppt levels was achieved using MS/MS (triple quadrupole) mode, utilizing multiple reaction gases to systematically mitigate spectral interferences via mass‑shift and on‑mass reaction pathways. This approach enabled selective removal of polyatomic interferences commonly associated with silicon matrices, thereby improving analyte selectivity and lowering background noise. The method exhibited strong analytical precision, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 10% across six replicate measurements, indicating consistent signal stability, efficient interference control, and robust instrumental performance.&nbsp;The 0.1 µg/L spike‑recovery results within ± 20% confirmed the accuracy of the quantification. The internal standard recoveries verified stable instrument performance and effective correction for matrix‑induced signal variation, further supporting reliable multi‑element analysis of high‑purity silicon. This level of reliability is essential for maintaining accuracy at sub‑ppb levels in challenging silicon matrices.&nbsp;The 8900 ICP-QQQ method is well aligned with the demands of advanced manufacturing environments. It is particularly suited to PV production, where precise and reproducible impurity monitoring is vital for ensuring material quality, optimizing process control, and preserving device performance.<h3>2. LECO: Metallography of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/METALLOGRAPHY_ALUMINUM_ALUMINUM_ALLOY_203_821_722_c024278c37.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Aluminum has become a widely used material due to its natural corrosion resistance (oxide layer), manageable weight, high thermal conductivity, and cost-effective machinability. Pure Aluminum is too soft for structural use, so it is often alloyed with other metals such as Copper, Magnesium, Silicon, Zinc, and Manganese to increase its strength and durability for aerospace, automotive, and construction applications. Metallography is an important tool for verifying quality control properties in these materials, including grain size, intermetallic phases, precipitates, and porosity, all of which affect mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and electrical conductivity. LECO offers complete metallographic solutions made to streamline and optimize every step of the sample preparation process from start to finish.<h4>Sample Sectioning&nbsp;</h4>With any metallographic sample, the most critical step of sample preparation is sectioning. The goal of sectioning is to remove a suitable-sized sample from a larger component with the least amount of deformation. If done incorrectly, thermal damage may occur to the sample's surface, requiring extra steps in the grinding/polishing phase. It could even affect the sample's microstructure, resulting in skewed image analysis results. In extreme cases, it may even require an operator to resection the sample, leading to additional costs and loss of valuable time. To increase efficiency, it is important to choose the correct blade and fixture for your sample.&nbsp;LECO recommends the use of a Silicon Carbide blade (SiC) for sectioning Aluminum alloys, as they are designed for soft non-ferrous metals, allowing minimal deformation and efficient heat dissipation. The SiC abrasives prevent smearing and tearing, outperforming harder Iron-focused blades on Aluminum structure. LECO offers a variety of fixturing options to accommodate even the most difficult geometries for sectioning (Figures 4 and 5). Fixturing the sample properly is critical to stabilize the sample to prevent unnecessary vibrations and release of the sample during the cutting process.&nbsp;If thermal degradation occurs after taking these necessary measures, it could be the sectioning method. Although chop cutting (Z-Axis) is the traditional form of operation with sectioning saws, it may be advantageous to try a pulse or planar cut that would provide more relief in the process. This could also be the case for an Aluminum part with complex geometry.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In summary, Aluminum and its alloys remain essential to modern engineering due to their lightweight nature, corrosion resistance, and adaptability. Ensuring these materials meet the demanding requirements of aerospace, automotive, and structural applications depends on precise metallographic evaluation. By characterizing grain structures, intermetallic phases, precipitates, and porosity, metallography provides critical insight into material performance, durability, and quality.&nbsp;LECO supports this process with a full suite of metallographic solutions designed to enhance efficiency and consistency at every stage of preparation. From robust sectioning systems that ensure clean, controlled cuts, to reliable mounting equipment that protects and preserves sample integrity, LECO enables repeatable, high-quality preparation. Our advanced grinding and polishing platforms deliver uniform, scratch-free surfaces ready for evaluation, while our comprehensive image analysis software provides accurate, data-driven characterization of microstructural features. Together, these tools offer a streamlined, end-to-end workflow that empowers laboratories to maintain stringent quality control and achieve confident, repeatable results.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Analysis of Trace and Major Elements in Steel by ICP-AES</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/an_01_01072_en_736a917a5f.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User benefits</h5><ul><li>The ICPE-9820 enables analysis across a wide concentration range, from trace to major elements in steel.&nbsp;</li><li>Using a torch for high-salt samples and a water bubbler can suppress salt deposition when analyzing high-salt samples.&nbsp;</li><li>The use of a vacuum spectrometer enables rapid startup and quick analysis in the vacuum ultraviolet region (wavelengths below 190 nm).</li></ul>Steel materials are widely used in a diverse range of industries, including construction, transportation, and machinery manufacturing, and are indispensable in modern society. Steel contains various elements, and the types and concentrations of these elements significantly influence its properties. Accordingly, elemental analysis is essential for quality assurance and performance control.&nbsp;The elements in steel range from trace constituents to major components, with concentrations spanning a broad range from mg/L levels to percentage levels. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is well suited to the analysis of elements across such a wide concentration range. It enables highly accurate quantitative analysis from trace elementsto major components.&nbsp;This Application News presents an analysis example of a stainless-steel certified reference material using the Shimadzu ICPE-9820 multi-type ICP atomic emission spectrometer.<h4>Analysis Conditions&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ICPE-9820">ICPE-9820</a> enables simultaneous analysis using two view orientations: axial view (AX), which offers higher sensitivity, and radial view (RD), which is suitable for high-concentration analysis.&nbsp;For major element analysis, quantification was performed using the calibration curve method with the internal standard method. For trace element analysis, quantification was performed using the standard addition method.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In this Application News, trace and major elements in a stainless-steel certified reference material were analyzed using the ICPE-9820. The measured values showed good agreement with the certified values.&nbsp;The sample introduction system, consisting of a torch for highconcentration salt solution samples and a water bubbler, effectively prevented sensitivity loss from salt deposition. At the same time, the use of a Twister spray chamber enabled finer particle-size selection, thereby improving analytical accuracy for high-salt samples.&nbsp;In addition, the ICPE-9820 employs a vacuum spectrometer, enabling rapid startup and fast analysis in the vacuum ultraviolet region (wavelengths below 190 nm).<h3>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Rapid, accurate field analysis of phosphate ores with handheld XRF</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/field_analysis_of_phosphate_ores_an1912_en_b0cb5ab9ec.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>The need for rapid phosphate ore analysis&nbsp;</h5>Phosphate rock (phosphorite) is the primary source of phosphorus used in fertilizers, making it indispensable to global food production. As high-grade phosphorite deposits become increasingly depleted, mining operations must process lower-grade and more compositionally variable phosphate ores. This trend places greater emphasis on rapid, accurate elemental analysis to support exploration, grade control, process optimization, and compliance with environmental regulations. Handheld X-ray fluorescence (HHXRF) has become a key analytical tool for these applications by providing fast, non-destructive, multi-element analysis directly in the field or at the production site.<h5>Handheld XRF for rapid phosphate ore analysis&nbsp;</h5>Handheld X-ray fluorescence (HHXRF) analyzers have emerged as valuable tools for on-site elemental analysis of the major and penalty elements in phosphate ores. The analyzers’ portability, ease of use, and ability to deliver analytical results within seconds make them ideal for rapid decision-making in mining exploration as well as mining operations for guiding extraction, stockpile management, quality control and environmental monitoring. While handheld XRF does not replace laboratorygrade analysis for certification purposes, it provides immediate compositional information that can significantly improve operational efficiency.&nbsp;The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1992">Thermo Scientific™ Niton™ XL5 Plus Handheld XRF Analyzer </a>(Figure 1a) combines a compact, lightweight design with advanced analytical performance for field-based elemental analysis. Featuring a 5 W / 50 kV / 500 µA max. proprietary X-ray tube and a large-area silicon drift detector (SDD) with a graphene window, the Niton XL5 Plus analyzer delivers accurate elemental analysis across all stages of mining and exploration. The Mining Mode on the XL5 Plus analyzer can measure 41 elements, from magnesium (Mg) to uranium (U), using four optimized excitation conditions to enhance the signal-to-noise ratios of fluorescence lines across the full energy spectrum. Mining Mode uses a proprietary fundamental parameter (FP) based algorithm that accounts for the high variability of sample composition by correcting for matrix absorption and secondary enhancement effects; this improves analytical accuracy across a wide range of sample compositions. Users can optimize settings of Mining Mode and store that group of preferred settings under Profiles. Profiles enable users to have multiple analytical methods on the same instrument; the most appropriate profile for a given task can be easily selected to perform desired measurements quickly.<h4>Key findings&nbsp;</h4>The Niton XL5 Plus handheld XRF analyzer provides rapid, accurate, multi-element analysis of phosphate ores, enabling informed decision-making throughout exploration, mining, and fertilizer production. Combined with appropriate sample preparation, the analyzer delivers excellent agreement with certified laboratory values for both major constituents and critical penalty elements such as uranium and cadmium. By providing immediate analytical results at the point of need, the Niton XL5 Plus analyzer helps improve ore characterization, optimize process control, and reduce reliance on timeconsuming laboratory analyses.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 44, 2026

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5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium Analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders for identity and amount determination.

The 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by mass-by-mass purity in %. Please note that 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined.<h4>About 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium</h4>5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium, also known as 5A1MQ or 5-Amino-1MQ, is a small-molecule research compound investigated as an inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). It is not a peptide.NNMT is an enzyme involved in nicotinamide and cellular methylation metabolism. 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium has been studied primarily in preclinical research related to cellular metabolism and adipose tissue biology.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Alternative result format reported as purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium</li><li>Other names: 5A1MQ, 5-Amino-1MQ</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances unless an additional screening service is ordered.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Iodide/Chloride Analysis</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

AICAR analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of AICAR in finished lyophilised vials and raw API powders, confirming identity and determining the amount of the compound.

The AICAR Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of AICAR in finished lyophilised vials and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.For finished vials, results are reported in milligrams per vial. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). AICAR is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About AICAR</h4>AICAR is a small-molecule research compound widely used in studies of cellular energy metabolism and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling. After cellular uptake, AICAR riboside can be phosphorylated to ZMP, an AMP analogue that can activate AMPK.AICAR has been investigated extensively in preclinical research examining metabolic regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cellular responses to changes in energy availability. Its effects are not exclusively mediated through AMPK, and additional AMPK-independent mechanisms have also been described.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of AICAR</li><li>Suitable for finished lyophilised vials and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for finished vials reported in mg per vial</li><li>Alternative purity reporting in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of one whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 30 mg for raw API powder</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: AICAR</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for finished vial: mg per vial</li><li>Alternative result format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for finished vial: One whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powder: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent the sample from absorbing moisture</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>AICAR is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>For finished products, one whole unopened vial containing lyophilisate is required.</li><li>Raw API powder should be supplied as at least 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to minimise moisture absorption.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a> (TAMC and TYMC)</li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

BAC Water (Benzyl Alcohol) Analysis

HPLC analysis of benzyl alcohol in bacteriostatic water, including confirmation and concentration determination in mg/ml.

The BAC Water (Benzyl Alcohol) Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the presence and determine the concentration of benzyl alcohol in bacteriostatic water.The analysis is performed by HPLC, with results reported in milligrams of benzyl alcohol per millilitre of sample.<h4>About Benzyl Alcohol</h4>Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol commonly used as a preservative in pharmaceutical and laboratory formulations. In bacteriostatic water, it is added to help inhibit microbial growth after a vial has been opened.This analysis specifically determines the concentration of benzyl alcohol in the submitted liquid sample.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of benzyl alcohol</li><li>Designed for bacteriostatic water and similar liquid samples</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results reported in mg/ml</li><li>Minimum concentration for evaluation: 1 mg/ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount: 1 ml</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Benzyl Alcohol</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum concentration of target compound for evaluation: 1 mg/ml</li><li>Result format: mg/ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount: 1 ml</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for benzyl alcohol in liquid samples. It does not automatically screen the sample for other preservatives, active compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>Samples containing less than 1 mg/ml benzyl alcohol may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a> (TAMC and TYMC)</li></ul>

BAM-15 analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of BAM-15 in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The BAM-15 Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of BAM-15 in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). BAM-15 is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About BAM-15</h4>BAM-15 is a small-molecule research compound that acts as a mitochondrial uncoupler. It increases proton transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby uncoupling nutrient oxidation from ATP production and altering cellular energy metabolism.BAM-15 has been investigated mainly in preclinical research focused on mitochondrial function, energy expenditure, glucose and lipid metabolism, and related metabolic processes<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of BAM-15</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: BAM-15</li><li>Other name: BAM15</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Alternative result format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>BAM-15 is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for BAM-15. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances unless an additional screening service is ordered.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Clenbuterol Analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of clenbuterol in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The Clenbuterol Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of clenbuterol in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in micrograms per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About Clenbuterol</h4>Clenbuterol is a synthetic beta-2 adrenergic agonist with bronchodilator activity. It stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors and can affect smooth muscle tone, cardiovascular function, and metabolic processes.Clenbuterol has been used therapeutically in some countries for respiratory conditions, but it is not approved for human use in many jurisdictions. It is also known for non-medical use related to its stimulant and metabolic effects.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of clenbuterol</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mcg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Clenbuterol</li><li>Other name: Clen</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 15 mcg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 5%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mcg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for clenbuterol. It does not automatically screen the sample for other beta-2 agonists, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of clenbuterol required for evaluation is 15 mcg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 5%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Dihexa analysis

HPLC analysis of Dihexa for identification, amount and purity in tablets, capsules, lyophilized samples and raw API powders, with optional solvent selection.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of Dihexa in tablets, capsules, lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target compound content and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>Dihexa</h4>Dihexa is a synthetic peptide-derived compound with the sequence Hexanoyl-Tyr-Ile-Ahx-NH2. Its molecular weight is approximately 504 Da.An important consideration in Dihexa analysis is its limited solubility in water. The choice of solvent can therefore significantly affect how much of the compound enters solution and can subsequently be measured by HPLC. Water is used as the standard preparation procedure for lyophilized samples, while DMSO and methanol are available as alternative solvents.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of Dihexa</li><li>Amount of Dihexa in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Dihexa content per tablet or capsule</li><li>Dihexa content in mg per vial for lyophilized samples</li><li>Optional m/m purity for raw API powders</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: Dihexa</li><li>CAS number: 1401708-83-5</li><li>Molecular weight: 504 Da</li><li>Sequence: Hexanoyl-Tyr-Ile-Ahx-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule and peptide purity</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum oral sample: 3 tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Default solvent for lyophilized samples: water</li><li>Optional solvents: DMSO or methanol</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Important Notice – Dihexa Solubility</h4>Dihexa has limited solubility in water, which must be considered particularly when analyzing lyophilized samples.<h5>Water – Standard Procedure</h5>Water is the default solvent used for standard sample preparation. However, Dihexa is poorly soluble in water. Insoluble particles are removed by filtration before HPLC analysis because only material transferred into solution can be analyzed.If part of the Dihexa remains undissolved, it may be removed during filtration and the measured concentration may therefore be lower than the total amount originally present in the sample.<h5>DMSO</h5>DMSO provides improved dissolution of Dihexa and reduces potential losses caused by removing insoluble particles before analysis. When DMSO is selected, the prepared solution is intended for analytical testing only.<h5>Methanol</h5>Methanol provides very good dissolution of Dihexa and is suitable when maximizing extraction of the target compound before HPLC analysis is required. The resulting solution is likewise intended for analytical testing only.For tablets and capsules, the standard analytical procedure is recommended.The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders.<h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>Solvent – Methanol</h5><ul><li>Methanol can be used instead of the standard aqueous preparation procedure. Its improved ability to dissolve Dihexa can reduce losses associated with removal of insoluble material.</li></ul><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Solvent – DMSO</h5><ul><li>DMSO can be used to dissolve Dihexa before analysis. This option can improve transfer of the target compound into solution and reduce losses during filtration.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

DSIP analysis

HPLC analysis of DSIP for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of DSIP in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>DSIP</h4>DSIP, or Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, is a short peptide composed of nine amino acid residues. It is also known as Sleep-Promoting Peptide.Its sequence is H-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu-OH, and its molecular weight is approximately 849 Da.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of DSIP in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of DSIP</li><li>Amount of DSIP in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: DSIP</li><li>Other names: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, Sleep-Promoting Peptide</li><li>CAS number: 62568-57-4</li><li>Molecular weight: 849 Da</li><li>Sequence: H-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu-OH</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of DSIP in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

Elamipretide (SS-31) Analysis

HPLC analysis of Elamipretide (SS-31) for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of Elamipretide (SS-31) in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>Elamipretide (SS-31)</h4>Elamipretide, also known as SS-31, is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide. Its structure contains alternating basic and aromatic amino acid residues, and research has particularly investigated its interactions with mitochondrial membranes and mitochondrial bioenergetics.Its peptide sequence is H-D-Arg-Tyr(2,6-diMe)-Lys-Phe-NH2 and includes D-arginine and the modified amino acid 2,6-dimethyltyrosine. Elamipretide is also widely referred to as SS-31.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of SS-31 in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of Elamipretide (SS-31)</li><li>Amount of Elamipretide in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: SS-31</li><li>Other name: Elamipretide</li><li>CAS number: 736992-21-5</li><li>Sequence: H-D-Arg-Tyr(2,6-diMe)-Lys-Phe-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of Elamipretide in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

Epithalon Analysis

HPLC analysis of Epithalon for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of Epithalon in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>Epithalon</h4>Epithalon, also known as Epitalon, is a short synthetic tetrapeptide composed of four amino acid residues. Its sequence is H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH, and its molecular weight is approximately 390 Da.This analysis is specifically intended for standard Epithalon. Other variants or modified forms, such as NA Epithalon, are not the target compound of this method and require an appropriate separate analysis.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of Epithalon in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of Epithalon</li><li>Amount of Epithalon in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: Epithalon</li><li>Other name: Epitalon</li><li>CAS number: 64082-79-7</li><li>Molecular weight: 390 Da</li><li>Sequence: H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>Before ordering the analysis, make sure that the sample contains standard Epithalon. Other variants, such as NA Epithalon, are not the target compound of this test.The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of Epithalon in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

FOXO4-DRI Analysis

HPLC analysis of FOXO4-DRI for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of FOXO4-DRI, also referred to as FOX04-DRI, in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>FOXO4-DRI</h4>FOXO4-DRI is a synthetic peptide with a molecular weight of approximately 5,358 Da. Its sequence contains 46 amino acid residues and includes a highly basic C-terminal region rich in arginine and lysine residues.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of FOXO4-DRI in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of FOXO4-DRI</li><li>Amount of FOXO4-DRI in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: FOXO4-DRI</li><li>Other name: FOX04-DRI</li><li>CAS number: 2460055-10-9</li><li>Molecular weight: 5,358 Da</li><li>Sequence: Leu-Thr-Leu-Arg-Lys-Glu-Pro-Ala-Ser-Glu-Ile-Ala-Gln-Ser-Ile-Leu-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Ser-Gln-Asn-Gly-Trp-Ala-Asn-Arg-Arg-Ser-Gly-Gly-Lys-Arg-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Gly-OH</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of FOXO4-DRI in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

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