<div><div>Protons play a central role in many chemical reactions in living organisms. In some cases, a proton may be shared between two nearby molecular groups rather than being localized on just one. This phenomenon can strongly influence the properties and reactivity of biomolecules and is important for enzyme function.</div></div><div>Researchers led by Hanns Christian Schewe (IOCB Prague and Heyrovský Institute of the CAS) together with Lukáš Tomaník (UCT Prague and Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society) have now investigated proton sharing in a range of biologically relevant polycarboxylic acids dissolved in water, including several molecules related to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).Using liquid-jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (LJ-PES), a technique that reveals the chemical environment of atoms in molecules dissolved in water, the team was able to probe the position of protons on an ultrafast time scale. Unlike techniques such as NMR, which provide a time-averaged picture, photoelectron spectroscopy captures the instantaneous distribution of protons and can therefore distinguish more directly between localized and shared states.The results showed significant proton sharing only in maleic acid dissolved in water. In contrast, protons remained mostly localized at individual carboxylic groups in succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, glutaric acid and citric acid. This suggests that proton sharing is not a common feature of these molecules when they are freely dissolved in water.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/IOCB_Prague_Cropped_part_of_the_cover_by_Schewe_et_al_with_the_use_of_Nano_Banana_2_0_2_2a408dbeb5.webp" alt="IOCB Prague: Cropped part of the cover by Schewe et al. with the use of Nano Banana 2.0: Full cover by Schewe et al. with the use of Nano Banana 2.0." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_IOCB_Prague_Cropped_part_of_the_cover_by_Schewe_et_al_with_the_use_of_Nano_Banana_2_0_2_2a408dbeb5.webp 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1620" height="2154">The difference appears to be largely controlled by molecular geometry. In maleic acid, the two carboxylic groups are held close together, creating favorable conditions for proton sharing. More flexible molecules can adopt conformations in which the groups are farther apart, while water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds with them and favor localized protons.However, the situation may be different inside proteins. When a carboxylic acid binds in the active site of an enzyme, its shape and position can be tightly constrained. Such an environment could bring the relevant groups close enough together to promote proton sharing and thereby influence enzymatic reactions.The study highlights an important distinction: proton sharing may be rare in freely hydrated molecules but could become important when biomolecules are held in the right geometry by enzymes. It also demonstrates that LJ-PES is a powerful tool for studying proton behavior in solutions. Its ultrafast and site-specific sensitivity could in future help researchers investigate proton sharing directly in more complex chemical and biological systems.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/jaaucr/article/6/6/3349/5084661/Proton-Sharing-in-Polycarboxylic-Acids-in-Aqueous">Proton Sharing in Polycarboxylic Acids in Aqueous Solution</a></h4>Lukáš Tomaník, Jiří Tůma, Gunnar Öhrwall, Ronny Golnak, Ngoc Lan Le Nguyen, Bruno Credidio, Harmanjot Kaur, Petr Slavíček, Bernd Winter, H. Christian Schewe<div>JACS Au, 2026, 6, 3349–3355</div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.6c00377">https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.6c00377</a><h6>licenced under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>We investigate proton sharing in biologically relevant polycarboxylic acids in aqueous solutions using liquid-jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In contrast to techniques that record time-averaged proton positions, like nuclear magnetic resonance, photoelectron spectroscopy captures instantaneous proton distribution due to its ultrafast probing time scale. The method is, therefore, uniquely sensitive to the occurrence of proton sharing in an aqueous environment, as demonstrated here. We only observe significant proton sharing dynamics in maleic acid, where its monoanionic form shows a single, delocalized peak in the carbon 1s spectrum. Conversely, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, glutaric acid, and citric acid exhibit distinct peaks corresponding to separate, localized COOH and COO– groups, instead of shared protons. Our results reveal that intramolecular proton sharing in water is rather an exception for most biologically relevant polycarboxylic acids. This highlights the importance of enzyme-driven structural changes of polycarboxylic acids associated with proton sharing during metabolic processes.</div>

Proton sharing in polycarboxylic acids in aqueous solution

Autumn has already turned the leaves into vibrant shades, and with the end of the year approaching, we would like to thank you - before the first snowflakes arrive - for your trust, cooperation, and continued interest in our products and services.As a long-standing distributor of Thermo Scientific Finnpipette products, we know that the accuracy and reliability of laboratory results often begin with seemingly small details. 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Breathomics, Asthma & GC×GC: PH Stefanuto on Fighting the “Proof‑of‑Concept” Trap

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The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Analytika is a Czech company that offers and produces certified reference materials (CRM) and (ultra)pure chemicals for quality control and quality assurance in laboratories, including accredited laboratories.

Our portfolio also includes pipettes and tips, digestors, PFA labware and other equipment for analytical laboratory and trace analysis.

ANALYTIKA

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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LECO VX4 Compact Inverted Microscope

LECO VX4 is a compact inverted metallurgical microscope delivering high-resolution imaging, polarized light, and advanced optics for precise microstructural analysis in materials and educational labs.

The LECO VX Series metallurgical microscopes are advanced microscopy solutions designed for materials laboratories that require high-resolution imaging, reliable performance, and consistent metallographic results. Built with a strong focus on precision, repeatability, and ease of operation, the VX Series supports a wide range of applications across automotive, aerospace, academic research, and quality assurance laboratories.From routine microstructural evaluation to detailed failure investigations, the VX Series delivers the optical quality and robustness professionals expect. Integrated digital imaging systems and compatibility with LECO’s analytical software tools ensure efficient workflows, clear documentation, and scalable solutions for laboratories of all sizes. The VX3, VX4, and VX5 models allow laboratories to select the configuration that best matches their technical and budgetary requirements.<h4>Why the VX Series Is Ideal for Metallography</h4>LECO metallographic microscopes play a critical role in examining the microstructure of metals and alloys. This essential step in metallographic analysis enables detailed evaluation of grain size, phase distribution, and structural features, helping users identify defects and assess material quality. The high level of detail provided by the VX Series supports quality control, failure analysis, and materials inspection across a broad range of industries.<h4>LECO VX4 Compact Inverted Microscope</h4>The LECO VX4 is a compact yet powerful inverted microscope designed for metallurgical and educational laboratories. It features a bright LED polarized light source suitable for both mounted and unmounted samples, delivering excellent contrast and image clarity. Engineered for strong optical performance and intuitive operation, the VX4 combines modern imaging technology with automated functionality to support demanding material investigations.The VX4 is well suited for microstructural analysis such as grain size determination, pearlite/ferrite evaluation, nodularity assessment, dendrite arm spacing measurements, and advanced failure analysis. Full compatibility with LECO’s analytical software enhances efficiency in image capture, analysis, data management, and reporting, making the VX4 a practical and future-ready solution for metallography and materials characterization.<h4>Key Features of the VX4</h4><ul><li>Variable LED light source with built-in lever condenser, including field and aperture diaphragms</li><li>Trinocular viewing head with 10× / 22 mm adjustable focusing eyepieces</li><li>Revolving nosepiece accommodating up to five objectives</li><li>Standard objectives: 5×, 10×, 20×, and 50×</li><li>Optional 100× objective available</li><li>Brightfield observation with 360° polarizer/analyzer</li><li>Coaxial coarse and fine focus controls for precise adjustment</li><li>Ergonomic mechanical XY stage for smooth sample positioning</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope

High-performance Raman imaging microscope offering fast, non-destructive 2D and 3D chemical imaging with intuitive workflows, automated calibration, and advanced data visualization.

The Thermo Scientific™ DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope delivers research-grade Raman imaging faster than ever before. Enhanced software features combined with higher spatial resolution allow users to instantly obtain detailed visual and chemical information. Advanced imaging capabilities, minimal sample preparation, and intuitive software provide researchers with the power of Raman spectroscopy at the speed modern research demands.<h3>Key features and benefits</h3><ul><li>Simple operation suitable for users of all skill levels</li><li>Faster data visualization enabled by advanced imaging software<ul><li>Advanced particle analysis for rapid identification and analysis of microscopic contaminants</li><li>3D confocal imaging for non-destructive, non-invasive three-dimensional chemical and molecular investigations</li><li>Terrain Mapping to characterize uneven sample surfaces and easily acquire in-focus Raman images</li></ul></li><li>Intuitive workflow designed for demanding applications to maximize sample throughput</li><li>Automated calibration to improve efficiency</li><li>High measurement accuracy supported by:<ul><li>Automatic alignment and calibration with no tools required</li><li>Automatic background compensation</li></ul></li><li>Rapid system reconfiguration within seconds – pre-aligned lasers, filters, and gratings can be changed without tools</li><li>Fast spectral analysis and interpretation using powerful Thermo Scientific™ OMNIC™xi Software</li><li>Advanced autofocus and morphological analysis to track positions across uneven surfaces</li><li>Visualization tools for extracting chemical contrast and identifying and ranking features of interest</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3xi_Raman_Imaging_Microscope_8_9021ee32c0.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3xi_Raman_Imaging_Microscope_8_9021ee32c0.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="433"><h3>Laser safety</h3><ul><li>Microscope designed and independently certified as Class 1 laser safe</li><li>Optional fiber optic accessories and selected components are Class 3b laser devices, requiring appropriate laser safety measures and protective eyewear</li><li>Laser path is physically blocked from the visual viewing path to prevent eye exposure during observation</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3xi_Raman_Imaging_Microscope_4_73e61c6ef9.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3xi_Raman_Imaging_Microscope_4_73e61c6ef9.jpg 236w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="430"><h3>Applications</h3><ul><li>Nanotechnology</li><li>Microplastics analysis</li><li>Polymer and chemical analysis</li><li>Electronics</li><li>Materials science</li><li>Academic research</li><li>Pharmaceutical research</li><li>Geology</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3xi_Raman_Imaging_Microscope_9_5d3708416c.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3xi_Raman_Imaging_Microscope_9_5d3708416c.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="650"><h3>Specifications</h3><ul><li>Electrical Requirements: 100/240 V, 47/63 Hz</li><li>Electronic Records and Signatures: 21CFR Part 11</li><li>For Use With (Application): Nanotechnology, Material science, Academic research, Pharmaceutical, Geology, Microplastics, Polymer/Chemical and Electronics</li><li>Laser Power: Fine Laser Power Control: Power controlled and reported at samples in 0.1 mW increments</li><li>Model: DXR3xi Raman Imaging Microscope</li><li>Operating Temperature Range: 16°C to 27°C</li><li>Resolution: Spatial: 0.5 µm; Confocal Depth: 2 µm</li><li>Software Details: Data analysis and spectral interpretation with powerful Thermo Scientific™ OMNIC™xi Software</li><li>Wavelength Range: 455 nm; 532 nm high brightness; 532 nm high power; 633 nm high brightness; 633 nm high power; 780 nm</li><li>Type: Raman Imaging Microscope</li><li>Unit Size: Each</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific DXR3 Raman Microscope

The Thermo Scientific DXR3 Raman Microscope is an easy-to-use confocal Raman system with automated calibration, high stability, and flexible laser options for a wide range of applications.

The Thermo Scientific™ DXR3 Raman Microscope is a modern, easy-to-use point-and-shoot Raman microscope designed to provide faster, more reliable access to Raman data than ever before. Advanced imaging capabilities combined with automated system calibration deliver exceptional stability, reproducibility, and confidence in Raman measurements—even for non-specialist users.Thanks to Automated X-axis Calibration, the DXR3 system maintains long-term accuracy and reliability while minimizing user intervention. With a flexible choice of lasers and gratings, the DXR3 Raman Microscope is ideally suited for applications across pharmaceutical research, academia, advanced polymers, microplastics, and many other demanding fields.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3_Raman_Microscope_6_1dd5de4a21.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific DXR3 Raman Microscope" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3_Raman_Microscope_6_1dd5de4a21.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="299"><h3>Key capabilities</h3><ul><li>New Particle Analysis functionality for rapid identification and analysis of microparticles</li><li>High-performance confocal Raman microscopy in a robust, fully integrated design</li><li>Fully automated alignment and calibration with no tools or manual procedures required</li><li>Real-time preview, automated fluorescence correction, auto-exposure, and cosmic ray rejection</li><li>System status indicator providing at-a-glance confirmation that the instrument is optimized and ready for data acquisition</li><li>Three-path fine-beam autoalignment to maintain peak performance and sampling integrity</li><li>Active laser power regulation ensuring consistent sample excitation throughout the lifetime of the laser</li><li>Advanced spectrograph design with no moving parts for simplified operation and highly robust detection and calibration</li><li>Pre-aligned, lock-in-place components with automatic recognition and stored alignment, enabling system reconfiguration in seconds</li><li>Interchangeable lasers and components shared across the DXR3 Raman family</li><li>Optional automated polarized Raman spectroscopy for structural information complementary to chemical data</li><li>Add new excitation wavelengths without tools or service engineer intervention</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3_Raman_Microscope_2_e366caa151.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific DXR3 Raman Microscope" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3_Raman_Microscope_2_e366caa151.jpg 204w," sizes="100vw" width="631" height="483"><h3>Laser safety</h3><ul><li>Microscope independently certified as Class 1 laser safe (Note: optional fiber-optic accessories and certain other optional components are Class 3B laser devices and require appropriate laser safety precautions and eyewear)</li><li>Laser is physically blocked from the visual viewing path, preventing eye exposure during sample observation</li></ul><h3>Validation and compliance</h3><ul><li>Complete DQ/IQ/OQ/PQ validation package available, including extensive documentation and automated software protocols</li><li>OMNIC™ D/S software supports compliance with 21 CFR Part 11</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3_Raman_Microscope_3_62f6baad12.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific DXR3 Raman Microscope" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3_Raman_Microscope_3_62f6baad12.jpg 178w," sizes="100vw" width="630" height="553"><h3>Exceptional analytical performance</h3><ul><li>Spatial resolution down to 540 nm on ideal samples</li><li>Confocal depth resolution as fine as 1.7 µm on ideal samples</li><li>Full spectral range of 3500–50 cm⁻¹ captured in a single CCD exposure, eliminating stitching artifacts</li><li>Extended spectral range up to 6000 cm⁻¹ available with the 532 nm laser</li><li>Support for multiple excitation lasers: 455, 532, 633, and 785 nm (high-brightness and high-power options)</li><li>Automatic fluorescence correction available for all excitation lasers</li><li>Research-grade Olympus viewing optics</li><li>Automatic intensity correction enabling spectral comparability between instruments and across different excitation lasers</li><li>Multidimensional wavelength calibration ensuring accurate calibration across the entire spectral range</li><li>Proprietary Triplet spectrograph delivering exceptional peak shape and maintaining focus at all wavelengths</li><li>Software-controlled switching between confocal and high-energy collection modes</li><li>Proprietary algorithms for automated cosmic ray rejection and high-quality laser line filters for artifact-free spectra</li><li>Depolarized lasers to eliminate confusing sample orientation effects</li><li>Active laser power monitoring ensures reproducible excitation power over the laser lifetime and after laser replacement</li><li>Optimized gratings for each excitation laser, avoiding performance compromises associated with shared gratings</li><li>Proprietary autoalignment maintains the system in like-new condition</li><li>Smart-Backgrounds technology automatically removes the CCD dark energy profile</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3_Raman_Microscope_5_ca01560747.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific DXR3 Raman Microscope" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3_Raman_Microscope_5_ca01560747.jpg 210w," sizes="100vw" width="633" height="471"><h3>Recommended applications</h3><ul><li>Forensics – trace evidence analysis and illicit drug identification</li><li>Pharmaceuticals – polymorphism studies, particulate contamination, and diffusion analysis</li><li>Art restoration and conservation – identification and characterization of pigments, resins, glazes, and inks</li><li>Archaeology – characterization of horn, shell, bone, and ceramic artifacts</li><li>Solar materials – silicon crystallinity and photovoltaic material characterization</li><li>Polymers – inclusions, gel defects, weathering effects, laminate layers, and crystallinity</li><li>Failure analysis – characterization of particulates and small surface features</li><li>Gemology – rapid identification of colored stones, differentiation of natural and synthetic diamonds, characterization of inclusions and adulterants</li><li>Nanotechnology – graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), DLC coatings, and other nanostructures</li><li>Academic research – materials science, biological studies, and a wide range of applied research fields</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3xi_Raman_Imaging_Microscope_9_5d3708416c.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific DXR3 Raman Microscope" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_DXR_3xi_Raman_Imaging_Microscope_9_5d3708416c.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="650"><h3>Specification</h3><ul><li>Depth (Metric): 68 cm</li><li>Description: DXR3 Raman Microscope</li><li>Electrical Requirements: 100/240 V, 47/63 Hz</li><li>Electronic Records and Signatures: 21CFR Part 11</li><li>For Use With (Application):&nbsp;<ul><li>Pharmaceutical</li><li>Microplastics</li><li>Forensics</li><li>Polymer/Chemical</li><li>Petrochemical</li><li>Material Science</li><li>Nanomaterials</li><li>Academia</li><li>Energy Storage</li><li>Art Restoration/Conservation</li></ul></li><li>Height (Metric): 61 cm</li><li>Laser Power: Fine Laser Power Control: Power controlled and reported at samples in 0.1 mW increments</li><li>Model: DXR3</li><li>Operating Temperature Range: 16°C to 27 °C</li><li>Resolution:&nbsp;<ul><li>Spatial: 1 µm</li><li>Confocal Depth: 2 µm</li></ul></li><li>Wavelength Range:&nbsp;<ul><li>455 nm</li><li>532 nm high brightness</li><li>532 nm high power</li><li>633 nm high brightness</li><li>633 nm high power</li><li>780 nm</li></ul></li><li>Weight (Metric): 66.5 kg</li><li>Width (Metric): 94 cm</li><li>Type: Microscope</li><li>Unit Size: Each</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Nicolet RaptIR + FTIR Microscope

The Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ RaptIR™ + FTIR Microscope combines high-resolution imaging, fast spectral mapping, user-swappable detectors and automated controls for efficient sample analysis.

The Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ RaptIR™ + FTIR Microscope is designed for precision and agility, helping users locate and analyze areas of interest within a sample and obtain results efficiently. High-resolution visible imaging, infrared capability, user-swappable detectors and automated microscope controls support a streamlined workflow from sample viewing and targeting to spectral collection, analysis and reporting.Designed for specialists and non-specialists alike, the microscope is adaptable across a wide range of industries and applications, including pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, forensics and materials research. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/2456">Thermo Scientific™ OMNIC™ Paradigm Software</a> supports the navigation and analysis of complex samples through an adaptive user interface and integrated tools for data collection and analysis.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Clear sample visualization: A high-resolution 5 megapixel camera, eyepieces and the mosaic feature provide a clear overview of the sample and help users locate specific areas of interest.</li><li>Automated microscope controls: A motorized multi-position nosepiece, autofocus, automatic illumination and a computer-controlled aperture simplify microscope operation and sample targeting.</li><li>Versatile sampling modes: Reflectance, transmission and ATR sampling modes with automated exchange provide flexibility for different analytical requirements. Built-in ATR sensors help protect samples and provide sensitive pressure control.</li><li>Open-access sample stage: The heavy-duty stage accommodates samples up to 40 mm thick and 5 kg in mass while providing convenient access for sample loading.</li><li>Fast spectral mapping: Data can be collected at up to 10 spectra per second for efficient analysis of larger sample areas.</li><li>Optional polarization: Automated visible and infrared polarizers provide additional detail when examining samples.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>User-Swappable Detector Options</h4>The Nicolet RaptIR + offers user-swappable detectors for different analytical requirements:<ul><li>MCT-A, liquid nitrogen cooled: Provides high sensitivity across the mid-infrared range and is suited to general-purpose microscopy, small spot sizes and high signal-to-noise performance.</li><li>MCT-B, liquid nitrogen cooled: Offers good sensitivity with a wider spectral range.</li><li>InGaAs, room temperature: Extends measurements into the near-infrared region and is suited to applications such as pharmaceutical analysis, moisture mapping and polymerization studies.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>OMNIC Paradigm Software</h4>Thermo Scientific™ OMNIC™ Paradigm Software provides an adaptive user interface with a floating toolbar that presents functions relevant to the current task. Workflows can be created to automate data collection and analysis sequences, while the software also supports the collection and analysis of large-area maps and thousands of microparticles.Data are stored in a secure database system, and results can be transferred into a variety of formal and customizable reporting formats.<h4>Applications</h4>The adaptable design of the Nicolet RaptIR + supports applications across a wide range of industries:<ul><li>Pharmaceuticals: Analysis of API distribution and purity, as well as collection of high-quality IR data across entire tablets.</li><li>Environmental analysis: Examination of microplastic samples and targeting of individual particles.</li><li>Forensics: Investigation of counterfeit materials, identification of inks on paper and analysis of trace evidence.</li><li>Polymers and materials: Analysis of polymers and plastics, automotive materials, electronics, 3D-printed materials, cement and building materials.</li><li>Additional applications: Art restoration, contamination analysis in cosmetics and personal care products, oil and gas, volcanology and mineralogy, and homeland security.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Integration with FTIR Spectrometers</h4>The Nicolet RaptIR + FTIR Microscope can be connected to the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products?category=222&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=is50">Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ iS50 FTIR Spectrometer</a>. The Nicolet iS50 system provides capabilities ranging from far-IR to visible spectroscopy and can support TGA-IR, FT-Raman, near-infrared and GC-IR applications.The microscope can also be used with the more compact <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/2452">Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ Apex FTIR Spectrometer</a> or the<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/2364"> Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ iS20 FTIR Spectrometer</a>.<h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Visible spatial resolution: 1 µm.</li><li>Infrared spatial resolution: 5 µm.</li><li>Camera: 5 megapixels.</li><li>Visible objectives: 4× or 40×.</li><li>Infrared objectives: 15× or grazing-angle infrared objective.</li><li>Mapping rate: Up to 10 spectra per second.</li><li>Maximum sample thickness: 40 mm.</li><li>Maximum sample mass: 5 kg.</li><li>Detector options: User-swappable MCT-A, MCT-B and InGaAs.</li><li>Polarizers: Motorized visible and infrared polarizers.</li></ul>

Products from category Microscopy - page 1

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