Commercial and public spectral libraries provide broad coverage for LC-MS/MS identification, but they cannot contain every compound that matters to a specific laboratory. Proprietary products, metabolites, intermediates, impurities, degradation products, biomarkers, and internally characterized compounds may be highly relevant even if they are absent from standard reference collections. NIST26 allows laboratories to build their own MS/MS user libraries and integrate them directly into routine search workflows, creating a focused resource tailored to their analytical needs.<h4>Why Create a User MS/MS Library?</h4>User libraries are usually much smaller than commercial or public spectral databases, but their value is not determined by size alone.A laboratory-specific library may contain exactly the compounds most important for a particular application. These can include:<ul><li>proprietary products,</li><li>known metabolites,</li><li>synthesis intermediates,</li><li>impurities,</li><li>degradation products,</li><li>biomarkers,</li><li>compounds associated with specific industrial or environmental samples.</li></ul>Such libraries can therefore provide highly relevant identifications in pharmaceutical development, industrial R&amp;D, medical laboratories, environmental analysis, and other specialized fields. A relatively small collection of carefully characterized compounds may be more useful for a particular laboratory than a much larger general-purpose database.&nbsp;<h4>What Information Can Be Stored with Each Spectrum?</h4>Creating a useful library entry involves more than importing an MS/MS spectrum.A complete record can combine several types of information, including the experimental spectrum, chemical structure, instrumental parameters, ionization information, sample history, and additional user-defined metadata.Spectra can be transferred from vendor software into NIST Library Search, or they can be sent from the Chromatogram tab directly to the Library Search environment in NIST26. Chemical structures can be imported through the Windows clipboard from a molecular drawing program, while standard experimental parameters and sample-history information can be prepared separately and added to the entry.&nbsp;The ability to keep analytical metadata together with the spectrum is particularly important for internally generated libraries because it preserves the context in which the reference spectrum was acquired.<h4>Using Tags to Organize LC-MS/MS Metadata</h4>NIST26 supports a range of structured tags for LC-MS/MS spectra.These can describe parameters such as:<ul><li>spectrum type,</li><li>compound type,</li><li>ion name,</li><li>precursor type,</li><li>precursor m/z,</li><li>collision energy,</li><li>instrument type,</li><li>sample identifier,</li><li>ionization mode,</li><li>ion polarity,</li><li>collision gas,</li><li>pressure,</li><li>mass range,</li><li>maximum intensity,</li><li>cone voltage,</li><li>charge,</li><li>molecular weight,</li><li>known impurities,</li><li>related CAS numbers,</li><li>peptide sequence and peptide modifications.</li></ul>This provides a convenient way to attach searchable and standardized experimental information to spectra rather than leaving all metadata in an unstructured comment field.&nbsp;Tags can be entered individually through the Additional Info section in the Librarian interface, but when many spectra are being added, a grouped approach can be considerably faster.&nbsp;<h4>Adding Groups of Tags Efficiently</h4>For repetitive workflows, metadata can be prepared in advance and pasted into NIST26 as a group.The presentation recommends maintaining frequently used tag sets in a simple text document, then copying them into the synonym field and using Add to List to convert them into structured information.This is especially useful when the vendor software already transfers some parameters automatically. Users can then add only the missing information, such as ion adduct or polarity, rather than duplicating metadata already imported with the spectrum.&nbsp;Care is required because entering information that is already present may create duplicate metadata.This workflow can substantially accelerate library creation when many spectra share the same instrument configuration or acquisition parameters.<h4>Preserving Sample History</h4>A spectral match is more useful when the origin of the reference spectrum is known.NIST26 therefore allows detailed sample information to be stored in the comment field. For batches of related samples, the text can be prepared in Notepad or another editor and pasted into multiple records.Examples of useful information include sampling location, sampling date and time, analyst name, organization, internal sample identifier, project information, or other relevant context.&nbsp;For environmental, clinical, pharmaceutical, and industrial laboratories, this information can become an important part of data traceability.<h4>Adding Molecular Structures</h4>A user library becomes considerably more useful when spectra are linked to molecular structures.Structures can be created from scratch in a chemical drawing program. Alternatively, a similar structure can be located in NIST Search and sent to the default structure editor, where it can be modified as needed.Once completed, the structure can be copied to the Windows clipboard and inserted into the NIST Librarian spectrum-information window. NIST26 can then calculate the molecular formula and molecular weight from the imported structure.&nbsp;This linkage between spectrum and structure supports more informative library displays and structure-based searching.<h4>Creating Custom User-Defined Tags</h4>In addition to the standard LC-MS/MS tags, laboratories can define their own metadata fields.Examples shown include identifiers such as:<ul><li>chemist,</li><li>laboratory notebook number,</li><li>analyst.</li></ul>The information can be prepared in a text editor and added using the appropriate tag syntax. Once configured in the Comment Field Display settings, these values are displayed as separate structured lines rather than remaining embedded in the general comments.&nbsp;This flexibility makes the library more suitable for laboratories with established internal documentation systems or quality-management requirements.NIST can also automatically add information such as the InChIKey and an estimated retention index when appropriate structural information is available.&nbsp;<h4>High-Resolution and Low-Resolution Libraries Should Be Kept Separate</h4>User libraries do not have to contain only high-resolution spectra.Low-resolution MS/MS spectra may also be valuable, including spectra generated by:<ul><li>in-source collision on single-quadrupole instruments,</li><li>triple-quadrupole MS/MS,</li><li>other nominal-mass workflows.</li></ul>The recommendation is to maintain separate high-resolution and low-resolution user libraries, because the appropriate search strategies and handling can differ.&nbsp;Low-resolution spectra can still generate strong library-search results and may be particularly useful when laboratories want to preserve historical data or incorporate spectra from multiple instrument types.<h4>Important Software Considerations When Importing Spectra</h4>The presentation also highlights several practical software issues that users should be aware of.One concerns the Intensity Threshold setting in the Spectrum Import Options window. When an intensity threshold is applied during import from vendor software, high-resolution spectral values may be converted to nominal mass rather than preserving the expected decimal precision.For laboratories building high-resolution user libraries, this is an important detail because accurate-mass information is one of the main advantages of HRMS data.Another issue affects some library-search modes after high-resolution spectra are added to a user library.<h4>HiRes No Precursor and Hybrid Search Limitations</h4>After adding high-resolution spectra, certain HiRes NoPrecursor and Similarity Hybrid MS/MS searches may not function correctly.A workaround involves exporting the affected library using Lib2NIST into MSP ASCII files together with the associated molecular structure files, then importing the data back into NIST library format.&nbsp;The presentation specifically warns against attempting the problematic MS/MS Hybrid Search under these conditions because it may cause the software to crash.An EI Normal search can mimic some of the functionality of HiRes No Precursor and may work effectively when high- and low-resolution libraries are searched together. HiRes NoPrecursor can also operate with presearch disabled, although this can make searching considerably slower.&nbsp;<h4>Display Issues in the Chromatogram Window</h4>Another software behavior concerns how spectral values are displayed in the Chromatogram tab.Values from Spectrum Import Options are reflected in the head-to-head spectral display. If settings are adjusted for low-resolution spectra, the displayed masses may appear truncated.Importantly, this visual behavior does not affect the results in the accurate-mass deconvolution and library-searching table; it affects only the spectral display at the top of the Chromatogram window.&nbsp;Distinguishing display behavior from actual processing results is important to avoid misinterpreting valid search results as corrupted data.<h4>Updating the Library After Adding New Entries</h4>User-library maintenance does not end when a spectrum has been added.Whenever a new entry containing a molecular structure is introduced, the structure index should be updated so that the new compound can be included properly in structure searching.The InChIKey appears to update with the structure, but if duplicate records are not being handled correctly, the InChIKey index may also need to be rebuilt.&nbsp;If a new library folder is added to the NIST26 MSSEARCH directory while the software is already running, users should also update the library list so that the newly added collection becomes available without restarting the entire environment.&nbsp;<h4>Using Lib2NIST to Repair High-Resolution User Libraries</h4>The Lib2NIST utility plays an important role in resolving some high-resolution library-search issues.The workflow involves exporting the problematic high-resolution library to an MSP file together with its molecular structure files and then re-importing the data into NIST library format.The corrected library can then be placed back into the NIST26 MSSEARCH directory. It is advisable to preserve the original library under a different name until the repaired version has been tested successfully.&nbsp;The presentation also recommends closing NIST Search while performing Lib2NIST conversions.<h4>Small Libraries Can Deliver High Analytical Value</h4>The central message is straightforward: a user library does not need to contain hundreds of thousands of compounds to be useful.A carefully curated collection of spectra from compounds that repeatedly appear in a laboratory's own samples can dramatically improve identification relevance. This is especially valuable for compounds that are proprietary, newly synthesized, application-specific, or otherwise poorly represented in public and commercial databases.By combining MS/MS spectra with structures, acquisition metadata, sample history, tags, and internally defined information, NIST26 can become more than a search engine for commercial databases. It can serve as a laboratory-specific knowledge base built around compounds that genuinely matter to the user's work.For specialized LC-MS/MS workflows, that may be one of the most valuable ways to extend the capabilities of spectral library searching.

Creating MS/MS User Libraries in NIST26

Wiley announces the expansion of its spectral libraries across IR and Raman, adding empirical and computed reference data spanning forensics, pigments and dyes, mineralogy, materials, polymers, and pharmaceuticals. This release adds over a thousand new empirical reference spectra, plus more than 429,000 new SmartSpectra records, across dozens of updated and new databases. This brings the combined collections to over 1.4 million IR spectra and 230,000 Raman spectra.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Wiley_Wiley_continues_to_expand_its_IR_Raman_and_Smart_Spectra_spectral_libraries_806b34cdc1.jpg" alt="Wiley: Wiley continues to expand its IR, Raman, and SmartSpectra spectral libraries" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Wiley_Wiley_continues_to_expand_its_IR_Raman_and_Smart_Spectra_spectral_libraries_806b34cdc1.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="838">“Scientific discoveries and business decisions depend on trustworthy analytical results,” said Graeme Whitley, senior director, data science solutions at Wiley. “The value of a spectral library expansion is not simply that it adds more records. It gives analysts more relevant reference candidates when they encounter unfamiliar materials, whether they are verifying a polymer, investigating a pharmaceutical sample, examining a mineral, or screening a forensic specimen.”<h4>Highlights include:</h4><ul><li>Forensics: A new Raman forensics database adds reference spectra for colorant and dye identification on textiles, drawn from real fiber-evidence research, useful for investigators working on dye and textile analysis.</li><li>Pigments and dyes: New Raman and IR data significantly broadens pigment and dye coverage, including historic artists' pigments, supporting art conservation and cultural-heritage authentication work.</li><li>Minerals: New Raman and IR data extends coverage to minerals from different localities and Martian mineral analogs. This release includes new Raman additions from our ongoing collaboration with the American Museum of Natural History, now cross-referenced with DANA Classification Numbers and Mindat IDs, giving mineralogists and gemologists an easier way to identify entries against established references.</li><li>Materials and semiconductors: New Raman and IR data covers crystal growth relevant to battery materials, rare-earth-doped magnetic crystals, and flexible and 2D semiconductor materials, useful for researchers in battery, magnetic materials, and electronics work.</li><li>Polymers: New Raman and IR data spans 3D-printed, MOF-integrated microlattices, environmental plastic aging and recycled PET materials, and food packaging plastics. New Raman reference spectra also cover more than two dozen synthetic polymer types for identifying microplastics in environmental samples.</li><li>Clinical and pharma: New Raman and IR data covers antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, and the WHO's essential antibiotic list, plus bone mineralization studies in clinical models. A new IR dataset also adds spectra for common over-the-counter medications, including aspirin, ibuprofen, and paracetamol, helping quality control teams confirm formulations faster.</li><li>SmartSpectra: Our SmartSpectra IR, Raman, and vapor-phase IR collections continue to grow, adding 243,000+ IR, 67,000+ Raman, and 119,000+ vapor-phase IR computed reference spectra to support broad, high-throughput identification.</li></ul><blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciencesolutions.wiley.com/spectral-databases/">Learn more about Wiley Spectral Databases</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciencesolutions.wiley.com/how-to-update-knowitall-databases/">Existing subscribers can find guidance on updating their databases here</a></blockquote><h4>Wiley Spectral Databases</h4>Wiley's spectral databases are consistently evolving to meet today's research demands, covering multiple spectral techniques across a wide range of applications including polymers, materials, environmental, forensics, toxicology, pharmaceutical, biotech, automotive, aerospace, food, cosmetics, and more. Built on rigorous quality protocols, Wiley delivers industry-leading spectral data and intelligent tools to accelerate analysis and deliver deeper insights — making it the authoritative, trusted source that analytical labs worldwide rely on.&nbsp;

Wiley continues to expand its IR, Raman, and SmartSpectra spectral libraries

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)&nbsp;analysis is no longer&nbsp;defined by&nbsp;a fixed list of known compounds.As regulatory frameworks evolve and scientific understanding deepens, laboratories are being asked to go beyond routine testing. In addition to quantifying known PFAS, they must also investigate unknown, unexpected, and emerging compounds that fall outside predefined target lists.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_PFAS_Analysis_Beyond_the_Target_List_Connecting_Quantitation_and_Discovery_in_a_Single_Workflow_509ce49fc2.webp" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: PFAS Analysis Beyond the Target List: Connecting Quantitation and Discovery in a Single Workflow" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_PFAS_Analysis_Beyond_the_Target_List_Connecting_Quantitation_and_Discovery_in_a_Single_Workflow_509ce49fc2.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="526">This shift introduces a fundamental analytical challenge.Targeted quantitation provides robust and validated concentration data for known PFAS. However, by design, it only answers questions about compounds already included in the method. In contrast, non-targeted analysis,&nbsp;using high-resolution accurate-mass&nbsp;(HRAM)&nbsp;data,&nbsp;enables scientists to explore the broader chemical landscape, revealing&nbsp;additional&nbsp;PFAS&nbsp;that were not included in a targeted quantitation method.For PFAS, where thousands of structurally related compounds and transformation products may be present, neither approach&nbsp;alone provides a complete picture.The&nbsp;real challenge&nbsp;lies in connecting these workflows. Discovery findings must be translated into actionable results that can be reviewed, followed up, and reported within a controlled analytical framework.In a previous&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/article/7167">blog post</a>, we introduced how <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1759">Thermo Scientific Compound Discoverer software </a>and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/76">Thermo Scientific Chromeleon Chromatography Data System&nbsp;(CDS)&nbsp;</a>connect discovery and routine workflows.&nbsp;Here, we explore what that connection looks like in practice using PFAS analysis as an example.<h3>Why PFAS&nbsp;requires&nbsp;more than one analytical question</h3>PFAS&nbsp;represent a&nbsp;large&nbsp;and diverse class of compounds,&nbsp;with&nbsp;some&nbsp;estimates exceeding&nbsp;40,000 individual substances. Regulatory methods typically focus on a limited subset, yet environmental and biological samples often&nbsp;contain&nbsp;many more&nbsp;PFAS, including precursors and transformation products.This creates two&nbsp;essential and&nbsp;complementary analytical questions:How much of these known PFAS are present?andWhat other PFAS-related compounds might be present?A complete workflow needs to support both&nbsp;questions.<h3>Starting with targeted quantitation</h3>For known PFAS, targeted quantitation&nbsp;remains&nbsp;the&nbsp;backbone of routine analysis.Chromeleon CDS provides&nbsp;a&nbsp;controlled environment for&nbsp;data acquisition, processing, calibration, and reporting. In a PFAS workflow,&nbsp;this supports routine quantitation of predefined targets using laboratory-specific method and review criteria.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_PFAS_Analysis_Beyond_the_Target_List_Connecting_Quantitation_and_Discovery_in_a_Single_Workflow_2_7ff8eda8fe.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: PFAS Analysis Beyond the Target List: Connecting Quantitation and Discovery in a Single Workflow: Figure 1. Targeted quantitation of known PFAS in Chromeleon CDS.&nbsp;This example is&nbsp;from the analysis of PFAS using a&nbsp;Thermo Scientific&nbsp;Orbitrap Exploris&nbsp;240. Here&nbsp;we are showing&nbsp;the&nbsp;calibration curve (right) and extracted&nbsp;ion chromatogram&nbsp;(left)&nbsp;of 7:3 FTCA&nbsp;at 6 ng/L.&nbsp;The bottom&nbsp;half&nbsp;shows the processing method that&nbsp;contains&nbsp;many target PFAS and&nbsp;isotopically-labelled&nbsp;internal standards." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_PFAS_Analysis_Beyond_the_Target_List_Connecting_Quantitation_and_Discovery_in_a_Single_Workflow_2_7ff8eda8fe.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="794" height="596">This targeted workflow is essential, but it is only part of the story. A sample may contain PFAS-related compounds not included in the original method.<h3>Looking beyond known PFAS</h3>Once HRAM data have been acquired, the same dataset can be explored beyond the target list using Compound Discoverer software. This enables comprehensive analysis of complex datasets, including:<ul><li>Detection and alignment of unknown features</li><li>Statistical comparison across samples and blanks</li><li>Spectral library searching and database annotation</li><li>Evaluation of isotope patterns, fragmentation, and homologous series</li></ul>For PFAS, this is particularly valuable. The software can leverage characteristic properties such as negative mass defect, CF₂-based homologous series, and diagnostic fragment ions to prioritize PFAS-related candidates and assign confidence to putative identifications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_PFAS_Analysis_Beyond_the_Target_List_Connecting_Quantitation_and_Discovery_in_a_Single_Workflow_3_e523e1cdc9.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: PFAS Analysis Beyond the Target List: Connecting Quantitation and Discovery in a Single Workflow: Figure 2. Discovery of additional PFAS-related components in Compound Discoverer software. Here we show an example of using PFAS fragment libraries, one of many PFAS-specific resources available within Compound Discoverer software, to annotate fragments within acquired MS2 spectra of two unknown compounds and then identify them as PFAS that were outside the targeted quantitation method." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_PFAS_Analysis_Beyond_the_Target_List_Connecting_Quantitation_and_Discovery_in_a_Single_Workflow_3_e523e1cdc9.jpg 233w," sizes="100vw" width="1520" height="1016">The goal of discovery is not simply to generate more data. It is to reduce complexity and identify the most relevant candidates for further investigation with a defined level of confidence.<h3>From discovery to follow-up</h3>One of the most important questions in non-targeted analysis is what happens after candidate identification.Discovery workflows can identify interesting candidates, but those candidates need to move into a practical follow-up process. Scientists may want to monitor them across additional samples, estimate relative or semi-quantitative abundance, trend their presence over time, or include them in a reviewable report.This is where the connection between Compound Discoverer software and Chromeleon CDS becomes especially valuable.After PFAS candidates have been prioritized in Compound Discoverer software, selected components can be transferred back into Chromeleon CDS and incorporated into the Chromeleon processing methods for follow-up analysis. This allows scientists to evaluate these compounds within the same controlled environment used for targeted quantitation.For PFAS analysis, this may support semi-quantitative follow-up for compounds where authentic standards are not yet available. While fully quantitative results require appropriate standards and validated methods, semi-quantitative workflows can provide useful estimates or relative comparisons to help prioritize further investigation.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_PFAS_Analysis_Beyond_the_Target_List_Connecting_Quantitation_and_Discovery_in_a_Single_Workflow_4_8ee8ebc2df.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: PFAS Analysis Beyond the Target List: Connecting Quantitation and Discovery in a Single Workflow: Figure 3. Prioritized PFAS candidates brought back into Chromeleon CDS for follow-up. Prioritized PFAS candidates from Compound Discoverer software can be brought back into Chromeleon CDS for follow-up review, semi-quantitative evaluation, and controlled reporting." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_PFAS_Analysis_Beyond_the_Target_List_Connecting_Quantitation_and_Discovery_in_a_Single_Workflow_4_8ee8ebc2df.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1512" height="751">This is the key workflow advantage: discovery does not stop at identification. It can feed directly into a practical analytical process.<h3>Why this matters</h3>PFAS analysis increasingly requires laboratories to balance routine testing with exploratory investigation.A connected workflow between Chromeleon CDS and Compound Discoverer software supports this by:<ul><li>Combining targeted quantitation and non-targeted discovery to characterize samples more completely</li><li>Reducing manual data transfer and workflow fragmentation</li><li>Enabling discovery results to be reviewed and reported within a controlled CDS environment</li><li>Supporting investigation of emerging PFAS investigations without immediate method redevelopment</li><li>Bridging research-driven insights with routine analytical workflows</li></ul>This reflects a broader shift in analytical science, where the value lies not only in generating data, but in connecting workflows and turning data into actionable information.<h3>Moving PFAS analysis forward</h3>PFAS analysis is evolving from a fixed target list toward a more comprehensive understanding of complex chemical mixtures.Laboratories must quantify known compounds while remaining prepared to identify and evaluate what lies beyond them.By connecting Compound Discoverer software with Chromeleon CDS, laboratories can move seamlessly from targeted quantitation to discovery and into structured follow-up. The result is a more complete view of PFAS contamination and a more efficient path from data to insight.<h3>Learn more</h3>Explore how <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1759">Compound Discoverer software</a> and<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/76"> Chromeleon CDS </a>can help connect targeted quantitation and non-targeted discovery workflows for <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/environmental/environmental-contaminant-analysis/emerging-contaminants/pfas-testing.html">PFAS analysis</a>.<blockquote>Visit us on&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a>&nbsp;#PFAS #Chromeleon #CompoundDiscoverer #Environmental</blockquote>

PFAS Analysis Beyond the Target List: Connecting Quantitation and Discovery in a Single Workflow

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Endotoxin analysis

LAL analysis for detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins in liquid solutions and lyophilised samples, with results reported in EU/ml or EU/vial.

The Endotoxin Analysis is a laboratory test designed to detect and quantify bacterial endotoxins in suitable samples using the LAL (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) assay.The analysis is intended for liquid solutions and lyophilised samples in vials. Results are reported in endotoxin units (EU), either per vial or per millilitre depending on the sample format.<h4>About Endotoxins</h4>Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They can remain present even after bacterial cells are no longer viable and are therefore an important quality and safety parameter for pharmaceutical and laboratory products.The LAL assay is widely used for the detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins due to its high sensitivity.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins</li><li>Analysis by LAL assay</li><li>Suitable for liquid solutions and lyophilised samples in vials</li><li>Results for lyophilised samples reported in EU/vial</li><li>Results for liquid solutions reported in EU/ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 1 ml solution or 1 vial</li><li>Standard analysis accurately quantifies values up to 10 EU/vial</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Testing method: LAL assay</li><li>Amount of sample required: 1 ml solution or 1 vial</li><li>Result format for vial with lyophilisate: EU/vial</li><li>Result format for liquid solution: EU/ml</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>The standard endotoxin analysis provides accurate results for values up to 10 EU/vial. Values above 10 EU/vial are estimated.</li><li>If a fully quantitative result above this range is required, an additional test using another vial and an appropriate dilution is necessary. Sending two vials is therefore recommended when elevated endotoxin levels may be expected.</li><li>If values above 10 EU/vial are expected in advance, this should be communicated before testing so that the sample can be analysed using an appropriately calibrated procedure.</li><li>Endotoxin analysis is not offered for oils, raw API powders, tablets, or capsules.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

FOXO4-DRI Analysis

HPLC analysis of FOXO4-DRI for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of FOXO4-DRI, also referred to as FOX04-DRI, in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>FOXO4-DRI</h4>FOXO4-DRI is a synthetic peptide with a molecular weight of approximately 5,358 Da. Its sequence contains 46 amino acid residues and includes a highly basic C-terminal region rich in arginine and lysine residues.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of FOXO4-DRI in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of FOXO4-DRI</li><li>Amount of FOXO4-DRI in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: FOXO4-DRI</li><li>Other name: FOX04-DRI</li><li>CAS number: 2460055-10-9</li><li>Molecular weight: 5,358 Da</li><li>Sequence: Leu-Thr-Leu-Arg-Lys-Glu-Pro-Ala-Ser-Glu-Ile-Ala-Gln-Ser-Ile-Leu-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Ser-Gln-Asn-Gly-Trp-Ala-Asn-Arg-Arg-Ser-Gly-Gly-Lys-Arg-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Gly-OH</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of FOXO4-DRI in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

GHRP-2 Analysis

HPLC analysis of GHRP-2 for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of GHRP-2 in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>GHRP-2</h4>GHRP-2, or Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acid residues. It is also known as Growth Hormone Secretagogue 2.Its sequence is H-D-Ala-D-2Nal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 and contains several modified amino acid residues, including D-alanine, D-2Nal and D-phenylalanine. The molecular weight of GHRP-2 is approximately 818 Da.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of GHRP-2 in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of GHRP-2</li><li>Amount of GHRP-2 in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: GHRP-2</li><li>Other names: Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, Growth Hormone Secretagogue 2</li><li>CAS number: 158861-67-7</li><li>Molecular weight: 818 Da</li><li>Sequence: H-D-Ala-D-2Nal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of GHRP-2 in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

GHRP-6 Analysis

HPLC analysis of GHRP-6 for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of GHRP-6 in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h5>GHRP-6</h5>GHRP-6, or Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6, is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acid residues. It is also known as Growth Hormone Secretagogue 6.Its sequence is H-DL-His-DL-Trp-DL-Ala-DL-Trp-DL-Phe-DL-Lys-NH2, and its molecular weight is approximately 873 Da.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of GHRP-6 in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of GHRP-6</li><li>Amount of GHRP-6 in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: GHRP-6</li><li>Other names: Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6, Growth Hormone Secretagogue 6</li><li>CAS number: 87616-84-0</li><li>Molecular weight: 873 Da</li><li>Sequence: H-DL-His-DL-Trp-DL-Ala-DL-Trp-DL-Phe-DL-Lys-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of GHRP-6 in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

Estradiol Blind Screening

Blind HPLC screening of estradiol and selected estradiol esters in oil samples and raw API powders, including identification and quantification of mixtures.

The Estradiol Blind Screening is a targeted laboratory test designed to identify and quantify estradiol and selected estradiol esters in oil-based samples and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.With blind testing, the specific estradiol ester does not need to be declared in advance. All target compounds included in the analysis are screened, identified, and quantified, including mixtures containing more than one estradiol form.<h4>About Estradiol and Estradiol Esters</h4>Estradiol is a naturally occurring estrogen hormone. Esterification of estradiol produces derivatives with different physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties.This screening covers estradiol without an ester as well as several commonly encountered estradiol esters, including benzoate, cypionate, enanthate, undecylenate, and valerate. Estradiol hemihydrate is also included in the screening.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Blind identification and quantification of estradiol and selected estradiol esters</li><li>No need to specify the expected ester before testing</li><li>Detection of multiple estradiol forms within mixtures</li><li>Suitable for oil-based samples and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oil samples reported in mg/ml</li><li>Alternative results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 0.5–1 ml for oil samples</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compounds: Estradiol hemihydrate, Estradiol benzoate, Estradiol cypionate, Estradiol enanthate, Estradiol no ester, Estradiol undecylenate, Estradiol valerate</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oil samples: mg/ml</li><li>Alternative result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oil samples: 0.5–1 ml of oil</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>Due to limitations of the analytical method, estradiol hemihydrate will be identified as estradiol no ester (estradiol base).</li><li>The analysis covers only the estradiol forms listed in the analysis parameters. It does not automatically screen the sample for other estrogens, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing (TAMC + TYMC)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Follistatin Analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of follistatin in lyophilised vials and raw API powders, confirming identity and determining the amount of the compound.

The Follistatin Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of follistatin in lyophilised vials and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.For lyophilised samples, results are reported in milligrams per vial. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). Follistatin is a protein rather than a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About Follistatin</h4>Follistatin is a naturally occurring glycoprotein that binds activin with high affinity and regulates its biological activity. It also interacts with other members of the TGF-β superfamily and has been studied in connection with processes including muscle growth, reproduction, and tissue regulation.Follistatin occurs in several molecular forms and is widely used as a research target in studies of activin signalling and related biological pathways.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of follistatin</li><li>Suitable for lyophilised vials and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for lyophilised samples reported in mg per vial</li><li>Alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of one whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 30 mg for raw API powder</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Follistatin</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for lyophilisate: mg per vial</li><li>Alternative result format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for lyophilisate: One whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powder: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent the sample from absorbing moisture</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>Follistatin is a protein rather than a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>For lyophilised samples, one whole unopened vial containing lyophilisate is required.</li><li>Raw API powder should be supplied as at least 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to minimise moisture absorption.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?search=Endotoxin">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing (TAMC + TYMC)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

L-Carnitine analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of L-carnitine in tablets, capsules, liquid samples, and raw API powders, confirming identity and determining content.

The L-Carnitine Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of L-carnitine in oral dosage forms, liquid samples, and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for tablets and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule, as well as liquid samples, with results reported in mg/ml. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m).<h4>About L-Carnitine</h4>L-carnitine is a naturally occurring compound involved in mitochondrial fatty-acid metabolism. Its primary biological role is to transport long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane, enabling their subsequent beta-oxidation and use as a source of cellular energy.In the human body, L-carnitine is obtained from dietary sources and can also be synthesised endogenously from the amino acids lysine and methionine. It is concentrated particularly in tissues with high energy demands, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, and is also used therapeutically in the management of primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of L-carnitine</li><li>Suitable for tablets, capsules, liquid samples, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for liquid samples reported in mg/ml</li><li>Alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum liquid sample amount of 0.5–1 ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: L-Carnitine</li><li>CAS number: 541-15-1</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for liquid samples: mg/ml</li><li>Alternative result format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for liquid samples: 0.5–1 ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for L-carnitine. It does not automatically screen the sample for related carnitine derivatives, contaminants, or undeclared substances unless an additional screening service is ordered.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available as an alternative result format.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Lipo-C (L-Carnitine content, L-Arginine Content, B12 Content, Total Solids)

Lipo-C analysis determines L-carnitine, L-arginine, vitamin B12, and total solids content, with target compounds analysed by HPLC.

The Lipo-C Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to determine the content of L-carnitine, L-arginine, and vitamin B12, together with the total solids content of a Lipo-C sample.The target compounds are analysed by HPLC, with results reported in mg/ml. Total solids provide an additional measure of the overall amount of solid material present in the sample, helping assess the composition of the formulation beyond the individual quantified compounds.<h4>About the Analyzed Compounds</h4>L-carnitine is involved in mitochondrial fatty-acid metabolism and facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for beta-oxidation. L-arginine is an amino acid involved in several metabolic pathways and serves as a precursor for nitric oxide synthesis.Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential micronutrient that functions as a cofactor for enzymes involved in important metabolic reactions and DNA synthesis.Total solids represent the overall solid material present in a sample, including dissolved and suspended material. This measurement complements the targeted determination of L-carnitine, L-arginine, and vitamin B12.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted determination of L-carnitine, L-arginine, and vitamin B12</li><li>Total solids determination included</li><li>Analysis of target compounds by HPLC</li><li>Results reported in mg/ml</li><li>Suitable for Lipo-C liquid samples</li><li>Minimum sample amount of one whole unopened vial</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compounds: L-Carnitine, L-Arginine, Vitamin B12</li><li>Additional determination: Total Solids</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format: mg/ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount: One whole unopened vial</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically designed to determine L-carnitine, L-arginine, vitamin B12, and total solids in a Lipo-C sample.</li><li>The analysis does not automatically screen the sample for other active compounds, ingredients, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing (TAMC + TYMC)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

NAD+ analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of NAD+ in tablets, capsules, and raw API powders, confirming compound identity and determining its amount.

The NAD+ Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of NAD+ in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for tablets and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). NAD+ is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About NAD+</h4>NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the oxidized form of an essential cellular coenzyme involved in redox reactions and energy metabolism. It accepts electrons during metabolic reactions and is converted to its reduced form, NADH, which participates in cellular energy production.NAD+ is present throughout cellular metabolism and plays an important role in maintaining the balance between oxidation and reduction reactions required for normal cellular function.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of NAD+</li><li>Suitable for tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: NAD+</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation: Less than 1/20 of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: m/m purity in % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>NAD+ is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for NAD+. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, degradation products, contaminants, or undeclared substances unless an additional screening service is ordered.</li><li>The stated detection limit cutoff is less than 1/20 of the usual dosage per vial.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

NMN (Nikotinamid mononukleotid) analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of NMN in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The NMN Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m).<h4>About NMN</h4>Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a naturally occurring nucleotide and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2546">NAD+</a>). NMN is converted to NAD+ by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferases (NMNATs).NAD+ is an essential cellular coenzyme involved in energy metabolism, redox reactions, and numerous enzymatic processes. NMN has therefore been studied as an NAD+ precursor in both preclinical and clinical research.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of NMN</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Nicotinamide mononucleotide</li><li>Other name: NMN</li><li>CAS number: 1094-61-7</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>NMN is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for NMN. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, degradation products, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

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