<p><strong>Professor Michaela Rumlová, head of a research group of the National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology at UCT Prague (and Vice-Rector for doctoral studies), holder of a licensed patent &nbsp;for antiretroviral testing assays, and recipient of the Czech Science Foundation’s President’s Award for HIV research, has also become the principal investigator of the bilateral INTER-EXCELLENCE II project “</strong><i><strong>Cellular factors regulating the export and packaging of unspliced ​​retroviral RNA</strong></i><strong>”, starting this year. In this interview, she explains how retroviruses such as HIV “hack” the cell in order to export their own genome from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, and then to the site where it is specifically packaged into nascent viral particles, a key step in viral replication. Her team is collaborating with the NIH (National Institutes of Health) and Rockefeller University to elucidate mechanisms that may help reveal new vulnerable points in the retrovirus replication cycle while simultaneously clarifying related cellular processes.</strong></p><h5><strong>Could you describe your project and its main objectives?</strong></h5><p>Retroviruses, such as HIV, are viruses that carry genetic information in the form of RNA; however, after entering a cell, they are able to reverse transcribe it into DNA and integrate it into the host genome. In order to replicate, they must transport their genetic information—in the form of unspliced RNA—from the nucleus into the cytosol. There, it serves both as a template for the production of viral proteins and as the genome of new viral particles. This is highly unusual, as the cell very carefully controls which RNA molecules are allowed to leave the nucleus. Normal protein-coding cellular RNAs, known as messenger RNAs (mRNAs), must undergo splicing—a processing step in which certain segments are removed—before being exported. When this process fails, mRNA that retains these segments is held back in the nucleus as part of quality control and subsequently degraded. Retroviruses have managed to outwit this cellular control machinery, allowing their unspliced RNA to pass into the cytoplasm.</p><p>Our project focuses on identifying the cellular proteins that assist retroviruses in this step and on the mechanism by which protein complexes bound to viral RNA are remodelled during RNA transport. The goal is to understand how the virus uses cellular mechanisms to its advantage and how this pathway is linked to the subsequent fate of the RNA, i.e. to its translation and packaging into new viral particles.</p><h5><strong>Why is this export of unspliced ​​RNA so important for retroviral replication?</strong></h5><p>Because this RNA has a dual role for the virus. On the one hand, it serves as a template for synthesizing viral proteins in the cytoplasm; on the other, it represents the genetic material itself, which must be packaged into new viral particles. The virus must package its RNA genome in its unspliced form, as only this RNA contains essential sequences without which further viral replication would be impossible.</p><p><strong>Simply put: </strong>the virus needs to get a complete copy of its genetic instructions out of the nucleus. Once the viral RNA is in the cytoplasm, it can be used as a template for synthesizing viral proteins; and a portion of these RNA molecules is then selected and packaged into a new particle as a genome. We are interested in how the virus forces the cell to allow viral RNA that is, from the cell’s perspective, “unfinished,” that is unspliced, to leave the nucleus. We are also investigating how the cell and the virus together - albeit unintentionally from the cell’s perspective - determine which RNA molecule will be translated into proteins and which will be packaged as the genome. This is one of the key, yet still not fully understood, steps of retroviral replication.</p><h5><strong>What do you think it was about your project that impressed the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports’ jury the most?</strong></h5><p>I believe the decisive factor was a combination of several elements. First, the reviewers were primarily interested in the scientific problem itself. We are investigating a mechanism that is essential for retroviruses, but still not sufficiently understood, which may also have broader implications for the regulation of cellular processes. In addition, the quality of the team, our strong collaboration with the<strong> NIH </strong>and <strong>Rockefeller University</strong>, and the use of modern methods that will allow us to track viral RNA in great detail also played a role. It was also important that the project has clear objectives and a realistic plan.</p><h5><strong>How will this research contribute to the development of new treatments for retroviral infections?</strong></h5><p>It is important to say that this is primarily basic research. Rather than developing a new drug directly, we are trying to understand, at the molecular level, the step that the virus cannot do without. Only when we fully understand the mechanism of these cellular processes and identify the essential factors for the export of unspliced ​​RNA and how they function, will we be able to better determine which interactions or mechanisms represent potentially vulnerable points. Similar mechanisms associated with the export of unspliced ​​mRNA also appear in some diseases, such as cancer, so I &nbsp;see the benefit of our research mainly in that it will refine our understanding of these pathological processes in the cell, and retroviruses help us do so. Therefore, our work on retroviruses not only shows us how the virus works, but also how the cell itself works.</p><h5><strong>What responsibilities does your UCT Prague team have? How does the collaboration with your American partners work?</strong></h5><p>At UCT Prague, we are conducting the project’s primary experimental work. Our research involves cell cultures, viral models, and various biochemical techniques ranging from immunochemistry to microscopy that allow us to track viral RNA and identify its cellular partners. In collaboration with colleagues from <strong>NIH, Frederick</strong>, we are developing single-particle tracking methods to observe viral RNA movement in living cells across both space and time. Furthermore, we are working with colleagues from <strong>Rockefeller University to employ iCLIP </strong>methods for the precise mapping of protein-binding sites on RNA. Both collaborations are valuable to us, because they are not just about data sharing, but also about the transfer of expertise and detailed know-how.</p><h5><strong>Who else is collaborating on the project?</strong></h5><p>At UCT Prague, we collaborate closely with the Department of Biotechnology and the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology. Externally, we work with colleagues from the Institute of<strong> Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS (IOCB Prague)</strong> and the <strong>Central European Institute of Technology in Brno (CEITEC)</strong>. Our research naturally necessitates the integration of diverse fields of expertise; it requires combining virology, cell biology, and biochemistry with advanced imaging and modern approaches to study RNA-protein interactions. This is exactly what makes our project capable of addressing complex questions that a single laboratory cannot tackle on its own.</p><h5><strong>Are there plans to continue the project? Have you brought on new collaborators, and are you looking to welcome new colleagues to the team?</strong></h5><p>Yes, definitely. In basic research, it often happens that one answered question opens up several more. High-quality, properly interpreted data provide a foundation you can build on — and that is what moves scientists forward. It is already clear that the topic of retroviral RNA export and packaging has broader implications and may reveal more general principles of how RNA functions within the cell. We also hope the project will be attractive to students, as it connects classical molecular biology, biochemistry, and virology with cutting-edge biotechnological methods. Students are already involved in the project as part of their bachelor’s and master’s theses.</p><h5><strong>What was the personal turning point that motivated you to pursue a long-term investigation into retroviral particles?</strong></h5><p>I first encountered retroviruses in the early 1990s during my diploma thesis, when I was working at IOCB Prague on HIV-1 protease inhibitors. At that time, AIDS could not yet be effectively treated, and retrovirus research had a completely different dimension. From the very beginning, I was fascinated by how such a relatively small and simple virus can outsmart evolutionarily highly optimized cellular processes and turn them to its own advantage. And that has never stopped fascinating me. From a scientific point of view, retroviruses are remarkable; just consider one of their enzymes, reverse transcriptase, without which no diagnostic or research laboratory in the world could function today. Without it, it would be impossible to diagnose RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2, influenza, or HIV using RT-PCR tests, or, for example to produce recombinant human proteins in bacterial cells.</p>

Tracking unspliced RNA: Professor Rumlová studies how retroviruses “hack” cells

<p><strong>Concerns about injecting water into a GC system largely come from older column designs, where stationary phases were simply coated and could be affected by water exposure. Modern capillary columns are typically chemically bonded, which improves resistance to water injections and even supports water rinsing in many cases.</strong></p><p>One practical exception involves <strong>very polar polyethylene glycol </strong>(PEG / “wax”) phases. Because these phases strongly interact with water, repeated aqueous injections can allow water to accumulate and gradually shift selectivity. For many PEG-based columns, minimizing frequent water injections helps maintain consistent performance.</p><p>A separate—and often more important—issue is water’s<strong> very large vapor expansion in a hot inlet</strong>. If the vapor volume exceeds the inlet liner capacity, backflash can occur, sending sample vapor into cooler, unheated zones and increasing the risk of carryover. Using smaller injection volumes helps reduce this risk.</p><p>In workflows where water is the<strong> sample matrix </strong>(for example, volatile analysis), analytes may elute at relatively low oven temperatures while water and higher-boiling residues can linger. Periodic bake-off (high-temperature cleanup steps) is commonly used to restore column performance when water remains on the phase at low temperatures.</p><p>In summary, the biggest hesitation about water injections is rooted in legacy, coated column stories. With chemically bonded phases, the key considerations tend to be inlet expansion/backflash behavior, water retention on very polar phases, and routine maintenance practices like bake-out.</p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1571"><strong>Zebron ZB-WAX</strong><i><strong>PLUS</strong></i><strong> GC Columns</strong></a></h4><ul><li>100% aqueous stable, excellent for aqueous samples; bonded and solvent rinseable</li><li>Extremely inert for acidic compounds</li><li>Enhanced selectivity for low boiling solvents; high retention of alcohols and chlorinated solvents</li><li>Increased efficiency at 20&nbsp;°C</li></ul></blockquote>

Water in GC: Safe or Risky? Here’s What You Need to Know

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 20, 2026

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 11th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you presentation by<strong> MDCW / Mount Royal University, </strong>application by<strong> Shimadzu, </strong>and brochure by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. MDCW / Mount Royal University: An Analysis of Fresh and Used Aircraft Oil: An Indication of Exposure Pathway Possibility to Inorganic and Organic Pollutants</strong></h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_4_Hayes_fed01ca35a.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Aircraft engine oils are highly complex mixtures formulated to meet strict MIL-SPEC requirements for piston, turboprop, and jet engines, often containing proprietary additive packages designed to improve thermal stability, reduce wear, and prevent corrosion. In this presentation at the 17th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop, Kevin Hayes investigated how aircraft oils change during engine operation and whether these changes could contribute to occupational exposure risks for flight crews and maintenance personnel. The study focused on comparing fresh and used oils from piston, turboprop, and jet aircraft to better understand how inorganic and organic contaminants accumulate or are depleted during normal engine operation.</p><p>The research combined routine multi-element analysis using <strong>ICP-OES</strong> with advanced <strong>GC×GC-TOFMS</strong> speciation analysis. Used piston and turboprop oils were collected with assistance from the MRU Aviation Program, while used jet oil samples were obtained from a private European jet operator. Elemental analysis showed significant differences between new and used oils. In piston engine oils, sulfur and lead concentrations increased substantially during use, with lead accumulation linked to tetraethyl lead (TEL) from 100LL aviation fuel. Phosphorus compounds were also detected in used oils despite not being present in the fresh oil samples, indicating additional contributions from operational processes or additives.</p><p>For jet and turboprop oils, phosphorus-containing additives behaved differently. Fresh oils contained relatively high phosphorus concentrations, but these levels decreased significantly after engine operation, suggesting additive depletion or release of phosphorus-containing compounds during use. The authors highlighted that this may be particularly relevant for bleed-air systems in commercial aircraft, where oil-derived compounds could potentially enter cabin air. GC×GC-TOFMS analysis further identified several organophosphate compounds in piston engine oils. Interestingly, commonly discussed compounds such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP) were not detected, while other organophosphates were observed instead, demonstrating the importance of comprehensive speciation analysis rather than focusing solely on previously suspected contaminants.</p><p>The presentation concluded that aircraft engine oils undergo substantial chemical changes during normal operation, with both inorganic and organic compounds accumulating or being depleted in ways that are not captured by analyses of unused oils alone. While elemental analysis provided valuable first-level insight into wear metals and additive behavior, GC×GC-TOFMS delivered critical molecular-level information about specific contaminant classes and transformation products. Together, the results suggest that current hazard assessments based only on fresh oils may underestimate potential occupational exposure risks and demonstrate the value of combining elemental analysis with advanced multidimensional chromatography for a more complete understanding of aircraft oil-related exposure pathways.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Measurement of TOC in Chloroisocyanuric Acid Used as Disinfectant</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01019_en_4c48146421.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>Samples such as chloroisocyanuric acid, which are difficult to detect using a wet oxidation TOC analyzer, can be measured with high sensitivity using the combustion oxidation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-L"><strong>TOC-L,</strong></a> which has a strong oxidizing power.</li><li>One sample can be measured quickly, typically within 10-20 minutes.</li></ul><p>In facilities where people have direct contact with water, such as swimming pools, hot springs, and bathhouses, strict water quality management is essential to protect public health and safety. Total organic carbon (TOC) measurement is widely used to detect water quality degradation caused by microbial growth and contamination with foreign substances.&nbsp;</p><p>Solid powder chloroisocyanuric acids (including dichloroisocyanuric acid and trichloroisocyanuric acid), which exhibit minimal chlorine deactivation, are commonly used as disinfectants for swimming pool water instead of sodium hypochlorite solutions. However, because chlorinated isocyanuric acid is a recalcitrant substance, it is challenging to detect using wet oxidation TOC analyzers due to itsresistance to oxidation and decomposition. In contrast, a combustion oxidation TOC analyzer can measure chloroisocyanuric acids with high sensitivity and recovery rates due to itsstrong oxidizing power. In this application, we compared the TOC measurement results for sodium dichloroisocyanurate using a combustion oxidation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-LCPH"><strong>TOC-L<sub>CPH</sub></strong></a> analyzer and a wet oxidation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=TOC-VWP"><strong>TOC-V<sub>WP</sub></strong></a> analyzer.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>The combustion oxidation TOC analyzer demonstrated high accuracy in measuring the samples. Due to its strong oxidizing power, the combustion oxidation TOC analyzer is particularly suitable for measuring TOC in samples containing recalcitrant substances such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Exploring the surface in depth with XPS analysis</strong></h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/exploring_surface_depth_xps_analysis_a5a921a258.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>The need for surface and interface analysis&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, precise material analysis is crucial for the development and optimization of advanced materials and devices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an established technique for the characterization of material surface chemistry, capable of revealing compositional information several nanometers into a sample. Depth profiling is a method that extends the analysis range of XPS; by alternating material removal and XPS analysis, it can reveal how composition changes from the surface to the bulk, or across interfaces between different compounds in a sample. This information can be just as critical as how a material’s surface interacts with its environment, and can provide a more complete picture of the material’s behavior and properties.&nbsp;</p><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2206"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Hypulse™ Surface Analysis System</strong></a> is a fully featured XPS instrument with a range of additional analytical capabilities, including reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). The system is equipped with a Thermo Scientific MAGCIS Dual-Mode Ion Source and a novel femtosecond laser-ablation system (fs-LA) for XPS depth profiling.&nbsp;</p><p>This eBook explores XPS depth profiling in detail and shows how the Hypulse System is ideally suited for this technique, helping you uncover critical surface and sub-surface information.</p>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 20, 2026

<p><strong>🎤Lindsay Repka&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Lindsay Repka is a chemistry professor at Middlebury College whose research explores photoredox chemistry, catalyst stability, and visible-light-driven transformations. Her lab emphasizes both mechanistic insight and hands-on student training in advanced analytical instrumentation.</strong></p><p>In this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, we sit down with Lindsay Repka to discuss how LC-MS and GC-MS transformed her lab’s approach to photoredox chemistry.</p><p>What began as a project to develop a visible-light photocrosslinking handle unexpectedly led to a major discovery: the solvent (DMF) was reacting with the photocatalyst itself. Using high-resolution LC-MS, Lindsay’s team observed multiple solvent adducts forming — sometimes with complete catalyst consumption. That discovery reshaped their research direction.</p><p>This episode is a rare deep dive into both LC-MS and GC-MS within the same research project, showing how chromatography-driven insight can turn unexpected degradation into productive new reactivity.</p><p><strong>If you work in:</strong></p><ul><li>Photoredox chemistry</li><li>Reaction optimization</li><li>Mass spectrometry method development</li><li>Catalyst screening</li><li>Academic synthetic chemistry</li></ul><p>…this conversation will resonate.</p><h4><strong>Key Topics Covered</strong></h4><ul><li>Photocatalyst stability in DMF, DCE, and MeCN</li><li>Demethylation under mild visible-light conditions</li><li>High-resolution Q-TOF LC-MS quantitation</li><li>Internal standard methodology in GC-MS</li><li>Signal-to-noise improvement using extracted ion chromatograms</li><li>Reaction reproducibility and quality control strategy</li></ul><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><p>In this interview, Lindsay Repka discusses the role of photoredox chemistry in method development, photocrosslinking, solvent activation, catalyst stability, and the use of LC-MS and GC-MS to understand reaction pathways.</p><h4><strong>What is photoredox chemistry?</strong></h4><p>Photoredox chemistry uses light to activate a photocatalyst, which can either donate or accept an electron from a substrate. This generates radical species that can undergo new types of reactivity.</p><p>Repka explains that one of the key advantages of photoredox chemistry is its ability to operate under mild conditions, often using visible light. This makes it attractive for sensitive molecules and biological systems, including potential applications in drug release, live-cell chemistry, and drug development.</p><h4><strong>Photocrosslinking and drug-target interactions</strong></h4><p>Repka’s group initially aimed to develop visible-light photocrosslinking methods to study drug interactions with biological targets. Photocrosslinking can covalently link a drug to its target, making it easier to identify the biological target of a compound.</p><p>Traditional photocrosslinking often uses UV light, but visible light offers milder and more biologically compatible conditions.</p><h4><strong>From photocrosslinking to solvent activation</strong></h4><p>The project shifted direction when the desired photocrosslinking reactions gave very low yields. Instead of reacting with amino acids as intended, the radical intermediate mainly reacted with itself.</p><p>The team explored different solvents to stabilize the radical, but found that some solvents, such as DMF, were not inert. Instead, the solvent reacted with the photocatalyst or radical species, revealing unexpected solvent activation chemistry.</p><h4><strong>Why LC-MS was critical</strong></h4><p>LC-MS became essential because the reaction mixtures were too complex and low-yielding for NMR or GC-MS. High-resolution LC-MS allowed the team to detect minor products, identify photocatalyst modifications, and observe solvent addition products with high confidence.</p><p>Repka emphasizes that LC-MS was both a qualitative and quantitative tool. It was used quantitatively to measure how much photocatalyst remained after light exposure, and qualitatively to identify degradation products and new reactivity pathways.</p><h4><strong>Photocatalyst stability workflow</strong></h4><p>The team developed a systematic workflow to evaluate photocatalyst stability under light exposure. Because catalyst degradation was time-sensitive, reproducibility required strict control of experimental conditions.</p><p>Key steps included using a glove box, commercial deoxygenated solvents, accurate weighing on a microbalance, controlled light exposure in a photoreactor, and temperature control with a chiller. These precautions helped reduce day-to-day variability and enabled reproducible measurements of catalyst remaining.</p><h4><strong>Quantifying catalyst remaining by LC-MS</strong></h4><p>Calibration curves were prepared using pure photocatalyst solutions and LC-MS ion areas. The team worked in the nanomolar range to maintain linearity.</p><p>Instead of relying only on total ion chromatograms, they used extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) to improve signal-to-noise for the photocatalyst signal. Baseline subtraction was also applied to reduce noise and improve quantitation at low concentrations.</p><p>Calibration curves and quality control samples were prepared and measured on the same day as the reaction samples, because LC-MS signal intensity can vary significantly from day to day.</p><h4><strong>Why GC-MS was used later</strong></h4><p>For demethylation studies, the group moved to GC-MS because the substrates and products were small and volatile enough for gas chromatography. GC-MS was better suited for rapidly screening many reaction conditions, including different photocatalysts, solvents, and oxidants.</p><p>Instead of generating full calibration curves for every experiment, the team used an internal standard to streamline analysis and determine percent conversion based on relative response factors.</p><h4><strong>Practical lessons from the project</strong></h4><p>Repka highlights the importance of careful sample preparation, especially when working with very small quantities of photocatalysts. A high-quality microbalance, stable granite platform, antistatic tools, and aluminum weigh boats improved weighing accuracy and reproducibility.</p><p>She also argues that mass spectrometry should be a standard part of photoredox method development because it can reveal minor products, support reaction optimization, and provide insights that may be difficult or impossible to obtain by NMR alone.</p><h4><strong>Final perspective</strong></h4><p>Beyond the chemistry, Repka emphasizes the importance of student training and mentoring. For her, research is not only about discovering new reactivity but also about giving students practical experience, helping them develop independence, and preparing them for future scientific careers.</p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote><blockquote><h4><strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</strong></h4><p>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!</p><p>You can find <strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast </strong>in podcast apps:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL"><strong>Spotify</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185"><strong>Apple podcast</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography"><strong>podscan</strong></a></li></ul><p>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos"><strong>YouTube channel</strong></a></p></blockquote>

Using LC-MS & GC-MS to Decode Photoredox Catalyst Stability

<p><strong>In the week of May 18, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. AZoM: Why Faster Analytics are Critical for Process Control in Oil &amp; Gas</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 20.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6205">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn why faster analytical technologies such as process Raman spectroscopy are becoming essential for real-time process control in the evolving oil &amp; gas and power generation industries.</p><h5><strong>2. Agilent Technologies: GC Column Fundamentals: How to Install, Protect, and Maximize Performance</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 20.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6210">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join us as we discuss proper column installation and handling for all Agilent GCs.</p><h5><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: GC/GC-MS selection guide: Choosing the right technology in an evolving landscape</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 20.5.2026 18:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6187">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this GC/GC-MS power hour webinar, we’ll take a practical, educational approach to help you navigate system selection.</p><h5><strong>4. SelectScience: Improving multiresidue pesticide GC-MS/MS reliability through GC column longevity</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 21.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6188">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Pesticide residue testing in complex food and botanical matrices pushes GC-MS/MS systems to their limits.</p>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 21/2026

<p><strong>In the week of May 18, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Shimadzu Corporation: Accelerating ROI With Shimadzu Living Laboratory: Transforming Data Intelligence With AI &amp; Automated Networked Systems</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 19.5.2026 08:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6197">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how Shimadzu and Caliber are transforming laboratory operations through AI, automation, and connected data ecosystems that unify method development, analysis, and QC workflows.</p><h5><strong>2. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Proteome Discoverer Workshop - Processing DIA data with CHIMERYS intelligent search algorithm</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 19.5.2026 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6199">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this Thermo Fisher Scientific workshop to learn DIA data analysis best practices in Proteome Discoverer using the CHIMERYS intelligent search algorithm and new PD 3.3 SP1 features.</p><h5><strong>3. Waters Corporation: CDMS Applied: Bridging Molecular Complexity and Clarity from Bioconjugates to Viruses</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 19.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6176">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore how CDMS extends mass spectrometry for complex biomolecules. Learn how it enables accurate analysis of glycoprotein vaccines and viral structures beyond native MS limits.</p><h5><strong>4. Technology Networks: Building Analytical Strategies for Scalable Antibody Development</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 19.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6184">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar explores how decisions made during the investigational new drug (IND) stage can impact validation readiness, technology transfer, and regulatory success.</p><h5><strong>5. SelectScience: The proteomic LC-MS strategy revealing autoimmune mechanisms with new clarity for clinical research</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 19.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6175">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Integrated proteomics and multiomics strategies are transforming the way researchers investigate immune dysregulation and disease mechanisms.</p><h5><strong>6. 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<p><strong>This study compares the metabolomic profiles of dwarf and commercial tomato cultivars using nontargeted GC–MS metabolomics. The dwarf cultivar UFU TOM MC 1 showed elevated levels of osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and stress-responsive amino acids, including myo-inositol and proline.</strong></p><p>Pathway analysis revealed enrichment in carbohydrate, amino acid, and protein metabolism pathways associated with stress adaptation. These findings highlight the potential of dwarf tomato cultivars for breeding programs focused on improving stress tolerance, resilience, and nutritional quality.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253"><strong>Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Stress-Resilient Metabolites in Dwarf Tomato Plant</strong></a></h4><p>Brena R. M. Ikehara*, Natália R. Almeida, Gabriel M. Maciel, Ana C. S. Siquieroli, Camila S. de Oliveira, Lucas M. Pereira, Ana L. A. Ribeiro, and Frederico G. Pinto</p><p>ACS Agric. Sci. Technol. 2026, 6, 1, 83–91</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><p>Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) is one of the most important vegetable crops globally, extensively cultivated and consumed across diverse regions. In 2022, global production was estimated at about 180 million tons, of which roughly 39 million tons were processed by the food industry. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> Belonging to the Solanaceae family, along with other important vegetables, tomato fruits offer several health benefits due to their rich range of phytonutrients, including carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, and also contribute to strengthening the agroeconomic chain. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2,3)</a> This fruit is considered a model species due to their diploid genome, filling a niche in the studies of fleshy fruits that cannot be occupied by <i>Arabidopsis</i>. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a></p><p>Tomato plants can be cultivated in temperate to hot climatic zones, but significant amounts of agricultural input and irrigation are required. However, they can be harshly affected by biotic and abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and attacks by herbivores or pathogens, compromising productivity and fruit quality. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> The impacts of global warming on temperatures threaten the development and production of many crops worldwide, including tomato plants, and therefore food and nutrition security. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a> For example, low humidity triggers calcium depletion and increases soil salinity, leading to plant diseases and greatly reducing the tomato crop yield. High temperatures also affect important steps for fruit development, including fruit setting, flowering, and ripening, further reducing tomato yield. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7,8)</a></p><p>To reduce the consequences of these changes on tomato production, several breeding programs use wild species, such as <i>S. pimpinellifolium</i>, <i>S. chileno</i>, <i>S. peruvianum</i>, <i>S. pennellii</i>, and <i>S. hirsutum</i>, along with improved varieties <i>S. lycopersicum</i> var. <i>Lycopersicum</i>, for crosses that resulted in enhanced biotic and abiotic resistances. In the search for resistance genes in tomatoes, plants with dwarfism genes have stood out in recent years. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9,10)</a> Besides being easy to work with, due to their monogenic recessive heredity, they are known for being capable of bringing positive morphological and physiological changes, such as smaller plant architecture, shorter internodes, resistance to pests <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11,12)</a> and diseases, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> and saline and water stress. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a></p><p>While recognizing the benefits of tomato plants with the dwarfism gene, such as the production of hybrids with higher yield and resistance, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> there are still gaps in the germplasm of this species regarding their chemical composition, including primary and secondary metabolites in leaflets, fruits, and roots. Addressing these gaps requires research focusing on elucidating the chemical composition of tomato varieties, which allows describing their nutritional potential. In order to achieve this, metabolomics, a set of analytical techniques applied to identify substantial amounts of metabolites in biological samples, is employed. Specifically, a nontargeted metabolomics approach, through analyses in gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), has the potential to help better understand the plant metabolome and explain the correlation of metabolites with quality and yield, generating a greater understanding of the physiological and biochemical processes of the dwarf tomato plant. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16,17)</a></p><p>This research aimed to investigate the chemical composition of leaflets from different tomato cultivars through GC-MS metabolomic analysis. The main goal was to better understand the differences and advantages of genetic variation, adaptability, and resilience of dwarf and commercial tomato cultivars through metabolomic analysis of their leaflets.</p><h4><strong>Experimental Section</strong></h4><h5><strong>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses</strong></h5><p>The analysis was performed using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2010"><strong>GCMS-QP2010</strong></a>, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), equipped with a DB-5MS capillary column (30 m × 250 μm internal diameter). The sample injection temperature used was 280 °C, with a constant helium gas flow of 1.0 mL/min throughout the process. The initial temperature for chromatographic separation was 80 °C, which was maintained for 2 min. Subsequently, the temperature was increased by 5 °C every minute, up to 290 °C, which was maintained for 5 min. The injection volume was 1 μL with a split of 20:1. The interface and ion source temperatures used were 250 °C. The detector voltage was 1.2 kV, and the electron impact ionization mode was selected for the ionization of metabolites at 70 eV. An alkane standard (C10–C40) was used for the quality control and retention index calculation.</p><h4><strong>Results</strong></h4><p>The metabolomic analysis on GC-MS generated the chromatogram (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253/suppl_file/as5c00253_si_001.pdf">Figure S1</a>), in which 45 compounds with significantly differentially expressed among UFU MC TOM 1, Santa Clara, and Paron Set (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253#fig1">Figure 1</a>A) were annotated, according to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Fisher’s LSD test, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253/suppl_file/as5c00253_si_001.pdf">Table S1</a>) and shown as a heatmap (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253#fig1">Figure 1</a>B). Notably, the metabolomic profile of the UFU MC TOM 1 cultivar is statistically different from the others, as confirmed by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) with values of <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9940 and <i>Q</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.7928 (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253#fig1">Figure 1</a>C). PLS-DA analysis, using compounds with significant differences in their abundances, showed a distinct clustering for each group, with components 1 and 2 explaining 91.4 and 5.4% of the total variance, respectively (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253/suppl_file/as5c00253_si_001.pdf">Figure S2</a>).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Agric_Sci_Technol_2026_6_1_83_91_Figure_1_A_Visual_comparison_of_the_three_cultivars_e7fd3114e0.jpg" alt="ACS Agric. Sci. Technol. 2026, 6, 1, 83–91: Figure 1. (A) Visual comparison of the three cultivars. (B) Heatmap of the mean intensity levels across the analyzed groups: UFU MC TOM 1 (yellow), Paron Set (red), and Santa Clara (green). (C) PLS-DA plot, accounting for 37.3% of the observed variation in group separation." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Agric_Sci_Technol_2026_6_1_83_91_Figure_1_A_Visual_comparison_of_the_three_cultivars_e7fd3114e0.jpg 194w," sizes="100vw" width="2100" height="1691"></p><p>The divergent compounds between the groups underwent pathway analysis enrichment, based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The ten metabolic pathways identified as significantly impacted were galactose metabolism (<i>p</i> = 0.0003); valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis (<i>p</i> = 0.0023); cyanoamino acid metabolism (<i>p</i> = 0.0051); glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (<i>p</i> = 0.0051); glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism (<i>p</i> = 0.0074); sulfur metabolism (<i>p</i> = 0.0145); butanoate metabolism (<i>p</i> = 0.0185); alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism (<i>p</i> = 0.0302); and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsagscitech.5c00253#fig2">Figure 2</a>).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Agric_Sci_Technol_2026_6_1_83_91_Figure_2_Metabolic_pathway_analysis_overview_c2744a562b.jpg" alt="ACS Agric. Sci. Technol. 2026, 6, 1, 83–91: Figure 2. Metabolic pathway analysis overview. The analysis took into consideration the significant metabolites identified previously in this work. The color of the circles represents −log(p), with red being the highest, while the size of each circle is proportional to the impact of the pathway." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Agric_Sci_Technol_2026_6_1_83_91_Figure_2_Metabolic_pathway_analysis_overview_c2744a562b.jpg 196w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="799"></p><h4><strong>Discussion</strong></h4><p>Several metabolites were significantly more abundant in UFU MC TOM 1, revealing distinct metabolic profiles among the evaluated cultivars. These metabolites encompass various chemical classes, primarily amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids. As the experiment was carried out under controlled and uniform conditions, without the imposition of abiotic or biotic stress, the observed variations represent relative quantitative distinctions between cultivars. Consequently, potential links to stress responses or other biological functions are inferred from the literature rather than demonstrated experimentally.</p><p>Previous studies have demonstrated that the UFU TOM MC 1 cultivar displays broad-spectrum resistance to a variety of pests, with these defense responses being largely attributed to elevated acyl sugar concentrations in the leaf tissue. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11,12)</a> The metabolite profile identified in UFU TOM MC 1 indicates the presence of metabolic pathways potentially linked to resistance against multiple biotic stresses, highlighting its value for future functional and breeding studies. Currently, tomato pest management remains largely dependent on insecticide application. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(53)</a> The insights gained from this study indicate that advancing the development of pest-resistant tomato cultivars could markedly decrease the reliance on pesticides, promoting more sustainable production systems. Previous studies have reported UFU MC TOM 1 as resistant to <i>Xanthomonas euvesicatoria</i> pv <i>perforans</i>, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a></p><p>The pronounced differences in metabolites and metabolic pathways between UFU TOM MC 1 and commercial cultivars offer important evidence of the superior resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses of this dwarf tomato lineage. In general, the accumulation of osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and stress-responsive amino acids, along with the activation of defense-related pathways, sheds further light on the dwarf genetic resource for breeding programs aimed at improving crop resilience under changing environmental conditions.</p><p>Although untargeted metabolomics does not replace the rigorous validation protocols typical of targeted quantitative assays, it provides a robust and widely accepted approach for detecting meaningful metabolic differences. This strategy enables the identification of variations that are more likely to reflect genuine biological differences. While some metabolites may have nutritional relevance, the experimental design does not allow definitive conclusions on this parameter. Although the findings do not provide direct evidence of resistance mechanisms, they advance our understanding of the biochemical and physiological bases of the resilience of UFU TOM MC 1 and generate testable hypotheses about its adaptive potential, which may support tomato productivity, especially in the context of global climate change.</p></div>

Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Stress-Resilient Metabolites in Dwarf Tomato Plant

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