Analysis of characteristic flavor compounds in coffee peels subjected to different thermal processing treatments based on GC–IMS and HS-SPME–GC–MS combined with chemical pattern recognition

Forced degradation analysis of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 based on analytical anion exchange chromatography coupled to orthogonal characterization

Combining elemental analysis and molecular techniques to characterize Ancient Egyptian mummification balms

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Waters Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD)

Waters Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD) enables universal quantitation of non-volatile and semi-volatile compounds independent of UV activity, with wide dynamic range and seamless integration with Empower™ Software.

<h3>Expand Your Detection Range with a Detector Purpose-Built for Empower™ Software</h3>Empower™ Software–based laboratories require detection solutions that are easy to adopt, robust, and capable of accurately quantifying non-volatile and semi-volatile compounds—regardless of chemical structure or UV activity. The Waters Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD) is purposefully engineered to meet these demands, delivering universal, reliable detection fully integrated with Waters chromatography systems and Empower™ or MassLynx™ Software.With a wide dynamic range exceeding four orders of magnitude, the Waters CAD enables simultaneous quantitation of low-level, non-UV-active analytes, along with related impurities and excipients, in a single run—helping laboratories reduce method development time, increase productivity, and improve process control.<h4>Key Benefits</h4><ul><li>Universal detection without UV limitations Detect and quantify non-volatile and semi-volatile compounds independent of chromophore presence.</li><li>Wide dynamic range (&gt;4 orders of magnitude) Confidently quantify trace-level components and major constituents simultaneously.</li><li>Purpose-built for Empower™ Software Seamless integration into regulated workflows with Empower-based qualification and long-term software compatibility.</li><li>Compatible across Waters LC platforms Integrates easily with Alliance™, Arc™, ACQUITY™ Arc, ACQUITY™ H-Class, ACQUITY™ I-Class, and UPLC™ Systems.</li><li>Designed for robustness and ease of use Optimized hardware, simplified maintenance, and enhanced system protection features minimize downtime.</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><h5>Detector Performance</h5><ul><li>Detector flow rate: 0.010–2.000 mL/min</li><li>Dynamic range: Greater than four orders of magnitude (four individual power values)</li><li>Sampling rate: Up to 200 Hz</li><li>Number of channels: Four (4), supported by four (4) independent background current channels</li></ul><h5>Temperature Control</h5><ul><li>Evaporation temperature:<ul><li>Ambient (off)</li><li>Controlled range: 10 °C to 100 °C (0.1 °C increments)</li><li>Minimum of 5 °C above ambient</li></ul></li></ul><h5>Gas Requirements</h5><ul><li>Inert gas supply: Nitrogen (recommended) or compressed air</li><li>Inlet pressure: 4.83–5.52 bar (483–552 kPa, 70.0–80.0 psi)</li><li>Gas consumption: Typically ≤ 5 L/min</li></ul><h5>Diagnostics and Monitoring</h5><ul><li>Diagnostic channels include:<ul><li>Nebulizer gas flow and pressure (psi)</li><li>Evaporator temperature (°C)</li><li>Ion trap voltage (V)</li><li>Charger current (µA)</li><li>Mixing chamber temperature (°C)</li></ul></li></ul><h5>Electrical and Physical Specifications</h5><ul><li>Power requirements: 100–240 VAC</li><li>Dimensions:<ul><li>Width: 34.3 cm (13.5 in)</li><li>Height: 20.8 cm (8.2 in)</li><li>Depth: 61.0 cm (24.0 in)</li></ul></li><li>Biocompatible: No</li></ul><h5>Software and System Compatibility</h5><ul><li>Optimized for Empower™ Software and MassLynx™ Software control</li><li>Robust chromatography data system (CDS) communications to minimize downtime</li><li>Backward compatibility to Empower™ 3 Feature Release 4 Service Release 3 (SR3)</li><li>Fully compatible with systems qualification and validation requirements in regulated environments</li></ul><h5>Seamless Method Transfer Across Laboratories</h5>The Waters CAD is designed to simplify method transfer within organizations and across external laboratories. It maintains method simplicity while adding enhanced tools for equivalency and reproducibility, reducing the need for revalidation when transitioning from legacy or third-party CAD solutions.The intuitive ACQUITY™ console control panel enables straightforward operation and simplifies replacement of outdated technology across laboratory networks.<h5>Designed for Ease of Use and Reliability</h5><ul><li>Single filter manifold with push/pull filter replacement</li><li>Easy-to-replace nebulizer for improved serviceability</li><li>Intelligent divert valve automatically sends flow to waste if gas pressure is lost or system errors occur</li><li>Enhanced leak detection and flood protection, safeguarding instruments in the event of CDS communication loss</li></ul><h5>Recommended Use</h5>Accurate quantitation in:<ul><li>HPLC, UHPLC, and UPLC separations</li><li>Preparative and purification workflows</li><li>Pharmaceutical QC and R&amp;D</li><li>Analysis of excipients, lipids, sugars, surfactants, and non-UV-active impurities</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Transcend Multichannel UHPLC Systems

Thermo Scientific Transcend Multichannel UHPLC Systems are advanced LC-MS systems with a multichannel UHPLC architecture that increase analytical productivity and maximize mass spectrometer utilization without compromising data quality.

Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ Multichannel UHPLC Systems are advanced LC-MS platforms designed for laboratories that demand higher throughput, improved efficiency, and stronger return on investment. Their multichannel UHPLC architecture connects up to four fully independent LC channels to a single mass spectrometer, dramatically increasing system utilization without compromising data quality.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_8_5f824e5e08.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ Multichannel UHPLC Systems: The Transcend LX systems feature either 2 or 4 (shown) completely independent LC channels." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_8_5f824e5e08.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="955" height="404"><h3>Key benefits</h3><ul><li>Significantly increased LC-MS throughput</li><li>Maximized mass spectrometer utilization</li><li>Maintained sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness</li><li>Reduced operating costs and analysis time</li><li>Scalable configurations tailored to laboratory needs</li></ul><h3>Multichannel UHPLC architecture</h3>Conventional single-channel LC-MS systems process samples sequentially, leaving the mass spectrometer idle during injection, column washing, and equilibration. Transcend systems overcome this limitation by intelligently interleaving injections from multiple LC channels, delivering data to the mass spectrometer only during relevant retention time windows and enabling substantial productivity gains.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_5_ab4093366d.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ Multichannel UHPLC Systems: Injections are interleaved to maximize throughput and mass spectrometer use." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_5_ab4093366d.jpg 169w," sizes="100vw" width="831" height="764"><h3>Vanquish UHPLC platform</h3>Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ Multichannel UHPLC Systems are built on proven <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=40&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=vanquish">Thermo Scientific Vanquish UHPLC</a> technology. The Transcend multichannel architecture integrates up to four independent Vanquish-based UHPLC channels into a single LC-MS platform.The Vanquish UHPLC platform provides:<ul><li>high mechanical and operational robustness</li><li>reproducible long-term performance</li><li>precise gradient formation and stable flow control suitable for multichannel operation</li><li>flexible pump configurations (binary or quaternary) tailored to application requirements</li></ul>By combining the Transcend multichannel concept with Vanquish UHPLC technology, laboratories can achieve high throughput without compromising chromatographic performance, sensitivity, or system reliability.<h3>System configurations</h3><ul><li>Transcend LX and VLX Designed for high-throughput LC-MS workflows without on-line sample cleanup<ul><li>2- and 4-channel configurations</li><li>Fully independent LC channels</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_1567f69a93.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ Multichannel UHPLC Systems: Transcend LX UHPLC Systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_1567f69a93.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="968" height="500"><ul><li>Transcend TLX Designed for workflows requiring automated on-line sample cleanup<ul><li>1-, 2-, and 4-channel configurations</li><li>Integrated TurboFlow™ technology</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_2_8ac2e32016.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ Multichannel UHPLC Systems: Transcend TLX UHPLC Systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_2_8ac2e32016.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1674" height="523">Each LC channel operates independently, allowing identical methods to run in parallel or multiple methods to be combined within a single system.<h3>On-line sample cleanup with TurboFlow™ technology (TLX)</h3>TurboFlow™ technology enables rapid on-line removal of matrix interferences directly within the LC-MS system, resulting in:<ul><li>Reduced or eliminated manual sample preparation</li><li>Direct injection of complex biological and environmental samples</li><li>Improved sensitivity and reproducibility</li><li>Increased method robustness and simplified workflows</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_3_efccaa3928.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ Multichannel UHPLC Systems: On-line sample cleanup with TurboFlow™ technology (TLX)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_3_efccaa3928.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1105" height="556"><h3>System control and software</h3>All system functions are managed by Thermo Scientific™ Aria™ MX software, providing:<ul><li>Control of pumps, valves, gradients, and injection scheduling</li><li>Intuitive multichannel method setup</li><li>Parallel execution of up to four methods</li><li>A user-friendly graphical interface for complex LC-MS workflows</li></ul>Aria MX software is fully compatible with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1758">Thermo Scientific™ Xcalibur™</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/77">Thermo Scientific™ TraceFinder™</a> software.<h3>Mass spectrometer compatibility</h3>Transcend systems are designed as a flexible LC-MS platform compatible with a broad range of Thermo Fisher Scientific mass spectrometers, including:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=20&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=tsq">TSQ triple quadrupole systems</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=134&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=orbitrap">High-resolution Orbitrap instruments</a></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_4_fc2c09672b.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ Multichannel UHPLC Systems: Transcend TLX-2 system with a TSQ Altis Plus triple quadrupole mass spectrometer." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_4_fc2c09672b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1178" height="646"><h3>Typical application areas</h3><ul><li>Clinical research and bioanalysis</li><li>Pharmaceutical development and quality control</li><li>Toxicology</li><li>Environmental analysis</li><li>High-throughput screening workflows</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_6_db70763211.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ Transcend™ Multichannel UHPLC Systems: Retention time (A) and peak area (B) reproducibility of a high-throughput targeted proteomics assay for quantifying SARS-CoV-2 peptides in clinical research samples across five days. The Transcend TLX-4 UHPLC system was used for on-line sample clean-up and analysis of 500 respiratory tract swab samples per day. (Cardozo, K.H.M., Lebkuchen, A., Okai, G.G. et al. Establishing a mass spectrometry-based system for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in large clinical sample cohorts. Nat Commun 11, 6201 (2020))" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Transcend_Multichannel_UHPLC_Systems_6_db70763211.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1489" height="862">

KNAUER AZURA HTQC UHPLC System

KNAUER AZURA HTQC UHPLC (1240 bar) enables high-throughput QC with parallel analysis and column re-equilibration for faster workflows.

The KNAUER AZURA HTQC UHPLC (1240 bar) is a high-performance UHPLC system designed for high-throughput quality control (QC) where speed, robustness, and reproducibility are essential.The system features a unique concept of parallel analysis and offline column re-equilibration, significantly increasing productivity. With two gradient pumps, one column performs the analytical run while the second is re-equilibrated in backflush mode.This architecture enables:<ul><li>≥30% reduction in cycle time</li><li>increased sample throughput</li><li>column protection from matrix contamination</li><li>consistent retention times</li></ul>It is ideal for pharmaceutical QC laboratories requiring automation and validated workflows.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>UHPLC system up to 1240 bar (124 MPa)</li><li>Dual gradient pumps (HPG + LPG)</li><li>Parallel analysis and column re-equilibration</li><li>Backflush mode for column protection</li><li>≥30% faster analysis cycles</li><li>High flow reproducibility</li><li>Autosampler with cooling</li><li>Column thermostat (Peltier)</li><li>Fully automated modular system</li><li>MS detector compatibility</li></ul><h4>System Configuration</h4>Included components:<ul><li>Eluent tray E 2.1L</li><li>Pump P 8.1L (HPG)</li><li>Pump P 6.1L (LPG)</li><li>Liquid handler LH 8.1 + Robotic Cooler</li><li>Column thermostat CT 2.1</li><li>Column switching &amp; backflush valve</li><li>Accessories and tools</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Pumps</h4><h5>P 8.1L (HPG – analytical pump):</h5><ul><li>Max pressure: 1240 bar</li><li>Flow rate: up to 5 mL/min</li><li>Adaptive pulsation compensation</li><li>Degasser + binary solvent selection</li><li>Low baseline noise</li></ul><h5>P 6.1L (LPG – re-equilibration):</h5><ul><li>Quaternary gradient</li><li>Integrated degasser</li><li>Low dwell volume</li><li>Inline filter</li></ul><h4>Autosampler</h4><h5>LH 8.1:</h5><ul><li>XYZ autosampler</li><li>Capacity: up to 390 samples</li><li>Temperature: 4–40 °C</li><li>Low carryover</li></ul><h4>Column Thermostat</h4><h5>CT 2.1:</h5><ul><li>Peltier controlled</li><li>Above and below ambient operation</li><li>High precision</li></ul><h4>Valve System</h4><ul><li>Column switching + backflush</li><li>Up to 1200 bar</li><li>Parallel column operation</li></ul><h4>Detection</h4><ul><li>Compatible with all HPLC detectors</li><li>Ideal for LC-MS coupling</li></ul><h4>HTQC Concept</h4><ul><li>Independent flow paths (analysis vs re-equilibration)</li><li>Backflush re-equilibration</li><li>Parallel operation</li><li>Increased throughput without compromise</li></ul><h4>Typical Applications</h4><ul><li>Pharmaceutical QC</li><li>Routine validated workflows</li><li>High sample throughput environments</li><li>Reversed-phase HPLC</li></ul>

KNAUER High Precision AZURA P 6.1L HPLC Pump

KNAUER AZURA P 6.1L HPLC pump with up to 1000 bar, precise gradient control, and low pulsation for reliable UHPLC workflows.

The KNAUER AZURA P 6.1L is a high-precision analytical HPLC pump designed for accurate and reproducible solvent delivery in both HPLC and UHPLC applications.The pump combines essential features of a modern pumping system, including low pulsation, high pressure capability, precise gradient formation, and flexible configuration. It is available in both HPG (high-pressure gradient) and LPG (low-pressure gradient) versions, with a flow range up to 50 mL/min.The system uses a dual serial piston mechanism with active pulsation compensation, ensuring excellent flow stability under all conditions. A low-dead-volume microfluidic mixer enables efficient and precise solvent mixing.Different pump heads are available:<ul><li>up to 10 mL/min at 862 bar</li><li>up to 5 mL/min at 1000 bar</li></ul>Optional configurations include biocompatible materials (PEEK, ceramic, titanium) and specialized setups for normal phase applications (e.g., hexane, heptane).<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>High-precision analytical HPLC/UHPLC pump</li><li>Pressure up to 1000 bar</li><li>Flow rates up to 50 mL/min</li><li>Dual piston system with low pulsation</li><li>Active pulsation compensation</li><li>HPG and LPG gradient configurations</li><li>Microfluidic mixer (50–600 µl)</li><li>RFID pump head detection</li><li>Optional degasser</li><li>Biocompatible configurations available</li><li>Robust operation with demanding solvents</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Solvent Delivery</h4><ul><li>Pump type: analytical HPLC pump</li><li>Mechanism: dual serial piston</li><li>Flow range: 0.001 – 50 mL/min</li><li>Max pressure: up to 1000 bar</li><li>Flow accuracy: ± 0.25%</li><li>Precision: ≤ 0.04% RSD</li></ul><h4>Gradient</h4><ul><li>Range: 0–100% (0.1% steps)</li><li>HPG accuracy: ± 0.3%</li><li>HPG precision: &lt; 0.1% RSD</li><li>LPG accuracy: ± 0.3% to ± 2%</li><li>LPG precision: &lt; 0.5% RSD</li></ul><h4>Mixing</h4><ul><li>Microfluidic mixer</li><li>Volumes: 50 / 100 / 200 / 400 / 600 µl</li><li>Low dead volume</li></ul><h4>Degasser (optional)</h4><ul><li>2–4 channels</li><li>Max flow: 10 mL/min per channel</li><li>Residual O₂: &lt; 0.5 ppm</li><li>Membrane: fluoropolymer</li></ul><h4>Materials</h4><ul><li>PEEK, Tefzel®, Systec AF</li><li>Optional biocompatible materials (titanium, ceramic)</li></ul><h4>Control &amp; Communication</h4><ul><li>LAN, analog inputs</li><li>Event outputs (TTL, relay)</li><li>Optional mobile control</li><li>RFID pump head detection</li></ul><h4>Operating Conditions</h4><ul><li>Temperature: 4–40 °C</li><li>Humidity: &lt; 90% non-condensing</li></ul><h4>Dimensions &amp; Power</h4><ul><li>Dimensions: 361 × 208 × 523 mm</li><li>Weight: 14.1 kg</li><li>Power supply: 100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li>Power consumption: max 100 W</li></ul>

KNAUER High Precision AZURA P 8.1L UHPLC Pump

KNAUER AZURA P 8.1L UHPLC pump with up to 1240 bar, adaptive pulsation compensation, and high precision for demanding UHPLC applications.

The KNAUER AZURA P 8.1L is a high-performance UHPLC pump designed for ultra-fast and high-resolution chromatographic applications. With a maximum pressure of 1240 bar (124 MPa) and flow rates up to 5 mL/min, it meets the demands of modern UHPLC workflows.The pump features a dual serial piston mechanism combined with adaptive pulsation compensation, which operates independently of flow rate, pressure, and solvent type through real-time monitoring of eluent compressibility and variable piston stroke.Together with KNAUER’s advanced piston drive technology, this results in exceptional flow reproducibility under all operating conditions. High-precision in-house manufacturing ensures long piston seal lifetime and maximum system uptime.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>UHPLC pump up to 1240 bar</li><li>Flow rates up to 5 mL/min</li><li>Dual serial piston system</li><li>Adaptive pulsation compensation</li><li>Excellent flow reproducibility</li><li>HPG gradient capability</li><li>Integrated 4-channel degasser</li><li>RFID pump head detection</li><li>Low baseline noise</li><li>High durability and long lifetime</li><li>Compatible with UHPLC and LC-MS systems</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Solvent Delivery</h4><ul><li>Pump type: analytical UHPLC pump</li><li>Mechanism: dual serial piston</li><li>Max pressure: 1240 bar</li><li>Flow rate: up to 5 mL/min</li><li>Flow accuracy: ± 0.25%</li><li>Precision: ≤ 0.04% RSD</li></ul><h4>Gradient</h4><ul><li>Type: HPG (high-pressure gradient)</li><li>Range: 0–100% (0.1% steps)</li><li>Accuracy: ± 0.3%</li><li>Precision: &lt; 0.1% RSD</li></ul><h4>Degasser</h4><ul><li>Channels: 4</li><li>Max flow: 5 mL/min per channel</li><li>Residual O₂: &lt; 0.5 ppm</li><li>Technology: fluoropolymer membrane</li></ul><h4>Connections</h4><ul><li>Inlet: UNF 1/4-28 (1/8” tubing)</li><li>Outlet: UNF 10-32 (1/16” capillary)</li></ul><h4>Materials</h4><ul><li>PEEK, Tefzel®, Systec AF</li><li>Compatible with most solvents (except HCl and halogenated hydrocarbons)</li></ul><h4>Control &amp; Communication</h4><ul><li>LAN, analog inputs</li><li>Event outputs (TTL, relay)</li><li>Optional mobile control</li><li>RFID pump head detection</li></ul><h4>Safety &amp; Operating Conditions</h4><ul><li>Leak sensor</li><li>Soft start and programmable pressure limits</li><li>Temperature: 4–40 °C</li><li>Humidity: &lt; 90% non-condensing</li></ul><h4>Dimensions &amp; Power</h4><ul><li>Dimensions: 361 × 208 × 523 mm</li><li>Weight: 26.7 kg</li><li>Power supply: 100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li>Power consumption: max 310 W</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA Autosampler AS 6.1L

KNAUER AZURA AS 6.1L autosampler with up to 768 samples, ultra-low carryover, and fast injection cycles for HPLC/UHPLC workflows.

The KNAUER AZURA® AS 6.1L is a high-performance autosampler designed for automated sample injection in HPLC/UHPLC systems, offering high capacity, precision, and flexibility for both routine and high-throughput applications.The autosampler supports:<ul><li>up to 768 sample positions (microtiter plates)</li><li>up to 108 standard 1.5 mL vials</li></ul>A highly effective internal and external needle wash system minimizes carryover to extremely low levels. The system is also fast, with a complete injection cycle taking less than one minute, including needle washing.Three injection modes are supported:<ul><li>full loop filling (highest precision)</li><li>partial loop filling (variable volumes)</li><li>µl pickup (loss-free injection of small volumes)</li></ul>The integrated ILD™ (Intermediate Loop Decompression) valve ensures accurate high-pressure injections without sample dilution and reduces pressure spikes, protecting the column.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Autosampler for HPLC/UHPLC systems</li><li>Up to 768 sample positions</li><li>Up to 108 vials (1.5 mL)</li><li>Ultra-low carryover (&lt; 0.0003%)</li><li>Fast injection cycle (&lt; 1 min)</li><li>3 injection modes (full loop, partial loop, µl pickup)</li><li>ILD™ technology for high-pressure injection</li><li>PASA™ (pressure-assisted sample aspiration)</li><li>Optional sample cooling (4–40 °C)</li><li>Missing vial/plate detection</li><li>Supports precolumn derivatization</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Sample Injection</h4><ul><li>Injection volume range: 0.1 µl – 10 mL</li><li>Precision:<ul><li>Full loop: &lt; 0.3% RSD</li><li>Partial loop: &lt; 0.5% RSD</li><li>µl pickup: &lt; 1.0% RSD</li></ul></li><li>Accuracy: 0.2 µl (250 µl syringe)</li></ul><h4>Performance</h4><ul><li>Carryover:<ul><li>&lt; 0.0015% (standard)</li><li>&lt; 0.0003% (extended wash)</li></ul></li><li>Injections per vial: max. 9</li><li>Cycle time:<ul><li>7 s (same vial)</li><li>14 s (different vials)</li><li>&lt; 60 s total</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Capacity &amp; Compatibility</h4><ul><li>Microtiter plates: ANSI SLAS standard</li><li>Max vial/plate height: 47 mm</li></ul><h4>Additional Features</h4><ul><li>Headspace pressure (bubble prevention)</li><li>Precolumn derivatization</li><li>Sample tray cooling (optional, 4–40 °C)</li><li>Vial detection sensor</li></ul><h4>Materials</h4><ul><li>ETFE, PTFE, stainless steel, glass, Vespel</li><li>Wide chemical compatibility</li></ul><h4>Control &amp; Communication</h4><ul><li>LAN / Ethernet</li><li>Analog inputs</li><li>TTL inputs (start, stop, freeze)</li><li>Relay output (alarm, marker)</li></ul><h4>Operating Conditions</h4><ul><li>Temperature: 10–40 °C</li><li>Humidity: 20–80%</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA CT 2.1 Column Thermostat

KNAUER AZURA CT 2.1 column thermostat with Peltier control (5–85 °C), high stability, and optional eluent pre-heating for precise HPLC separations.

The KNAUER AZURA CT 2.1 is a cost-effective column thermostat designed for precise and stable temperature control in HPLC applications.The instrument uses a microprocessor-controlled Peltier element, enabling both heating and cooling in the range of 5–85 °C. Its high temperature stability allows for programming linear and non-linear temperature gradients, improving separation performance.For advanced applications, the system can be optionally equipped with an eluent pre-heating cartridge, ensuring consistent temperature conditions, improved selectivity, and better peak shapes.Its compact design supports flexible integration and accommodates multiple columns.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Column thermostat for HPLC applications</li><li>Temperature range 5–85 °C</li><li>Peltier technology (heating and cooling)</li><li>High temperature stability (±0.1 °C)</li><li>Accurate temperature control (±0.2 °C)</li><li>Programmable temperature gradients</li><li>Optional eluent pre-heating</li><li>Supports multiple columns</li><li>Compact and robust design</li><li>Built-in safety features</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Thermostatting</h4><ul><li>Technology: Peltier (heating &amp; cooling)</li><li>Temperature range: 5–85 °C</li><li>Heating/cooling rate: 2 °C/min</li><li>Accuracy: ± 0.2 °C</li><li>Stability: ± 0.1 °C</li><li>Air circulation: fan-assisted bidirectional flow</li></ul><h4>Column Compartment</h4><ul><li>Max number of columns: up to 8</li><li>Max length: 325 mm</li><li>Max diameter: 35 mm</li><li>Compatibility:<ul><li>125 mm × 4.6 mm ID (with precolumn)</li><li>300 mm × 4.6 mm ID</li><li>300 mm × 16 mm ID</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Internal Dimensions</h4><ul><li>90 × 390 × 47 mm</li></ul><h4>Safety</h4><ul><li>Self-check and auto-calibration at startup</li><li>Adjustable shut-off temperature</li><li>Leak sensor with acoustic alarm</li></ul><h4>Control &amp; Communication</h4><ul><li>LAN interface</li><li>Optional Mobile Control (stand-alone operation)</li></ul><h4>Power &amp; Dimensions</h4><ul><li>Power supply: 90–230 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li>Power consumption: 100 W</li><li>Dimensions: 150 × 470 × 310 mm</li><li>Weight: 8.4 kg</li></ul><h4>Optional Accessories</h4><ul><li>Eluent pre-heating cartridge<ul><li>for capillaries 0.1 mm / 0.18 mm ID</li></ul></li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA Valve Unifier VU 4.1

KNAUER AZURA VU 4.1 valve drive enables fast automated valve switching with RFID identification for HPLC/UHPLC systems.

The KNAUER AZURA VU 4.1 Valve Unifier is a compact valve drive unit designed for automated valve switching in HPLC/UHPLC systems. It enables precise and fast control of liquid flow paths, which is essential for applications such as column switching, sample injection, eluent selection, and fractionation.Due to its ultra-fast switching speed, the flow path is interrupted only briefly, significantly reducing pressure spikes and improving system stability.The device uses RFID technology for automatic valve identification, ensuring easy and error-free valve exchange. Integrated GLP data monitoring simplifies maintenance tasks such as rotor seal replacement.The unit can be operated:<ul><li>stand-alone via display</li><li>via software</li><li>through LAN or analog I/O</li></ul>This makes it easy to integrate into almost any LC system.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Universal valve drive for &gt;40 valve types</li><li>Ultra-fast switching (minimal pressure spikes)</li><li>RFID valve identification</li><li>GLP data monitoring for maintenance</li><li>Standalone operation via display</li><li>Integration into LC systems (LAN, analog, software)</li><li>Compact design</li><li>Easy maintenance and valve exchange</li><li>Flexible use in LC and industrial applications</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Communication &amp; Control</h4><ul><li>Interfaces: LAN, display, terminal strip</li><li>Control:<ul><li>display (stand-alone)</li><li>software</li><li>event control</li></ul></li><li>Inputs:<ul><li>Home</li><li>Backward/Inject</li><li>Forward/Load</li><li>Start</li></ul></li><li>Outputs:<ul><li>Trigger out</li><li>Event output</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Performance &amp; Features</h4><ul><li>Ultra-fast valve switching</li><li>Reduced pressure peaks</li><li>Supports &gt;40 valve types</li><li>RFID valve recognition</li><li>GLP maintenance tracking</li></ul><h4>Operating Conditions</h4><ul><li>Temperature: 4–40 °C</li><li>Humidity: &lt; 90% non-condensing</li></ul><h4>Power &amp; Dimensions</h4><ul><li>Power supply: external 24 V DC</li><li>Power consumption: 65 W</li><li>Dimensions: 80 × 123 × 192 mm</li><li>Weight: 1.9 kg</li></ul><h4>Typical Applications</h4><ul><li>Column switching</li><li>Eluent selection</li><li>Sample injection</li><li>Fraction collection</li><li>LC workflow automation</li><li>Dosing systems in chemical industry</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA DAD 2.1L Diode Array Detector

KNAUER AZURA® DAD 2.1L is a high-performance diode array detector for HPLC/UHPLC featuring 190–700 nm coverage, LightGuide technology, low drift, and up to 100 Hz data acquisition.

The KNAUER AZURA® DAD 2.1L is a high-performance diode array detector designed for analytical, semi-preparative, and preparative liquid chromatography applications. Combining advanced optical technology, excellent sensitivity, and intuitive operation, the detector offers an affordable solution for demanding HPLC and UHPLC workflows.The detector features a newly developed optical system and intelligent temperature management that ensure maximum sensitivity while minimizing baseline drift. Optional LightGuide flow cells based on total internal reflection technology maximize light throughput and minimize peak dispersion, resulting in superior signal-to-noise performance. An optional fiber-optic adapter allows physical separation of the flow cell from the detector, enhancing safety when handling hazardous, explosive, or toxic compounds.<h3>Key Features</h3><ul><li>High-performance diode array detector for HPLC and UHPLC</li><li>Wavelength range from 190 to 700 nm</li><li>256-diode array with 2 nm pixel pitch</li><li>Advanced optical system with optimized temperature management</li><li>LightGuide flow cell technology for enhanced signal-to-noise ratio</li><li>Wide selection of interchangeable analytical, semi-preparative, and preparative flow cells</li><li>Optional fiber-optic adapter for remote flow cell positioning</li><li>Internal holmium filter for wavelength verification</li><li>Integrated leak sensor</li><li>Front-access, tool-free lamp replacement</li><li>Compatible with ClarityChrom®, OpenLAB®, Chromeleon™, PurityChrom®, and Mobile Control</li><li>LAN and analog connectivity for easy integration into virtually any LC system</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Detection System</h4><ul><li>Detector type: Diode Array Detector (DAD)</li><li>Number of diodes: 256</li><li>Pixel pitch: 2 nm per diode</li><li>Detection channels:<ul><li>8 digital channels</li><li>4 analog channels</li></ul></li><li>Light source: Deuterium lamp with integrated GLP chip</li><li>Wavelength range: 190–700 nm</li><li>Spectral resolution: &lt;10 nm (FWHM)</li><li>Slit width: 7.0 nm</li><li>Wavelength accuracy: ±1 nm</li><li>Wavelength repeatability: ±0.1 nm</li></ul><h4>Performance</h4><ul><li>Noise: ±5 µAU at 254 nm</li><li>Drift: 400 µAU/h at 254 nm</li><li>Linearity: &gt;2.0 AU at 274 nm</li><li>Maximum data rate:<ul><li>100 Hz via LAN</li><li>12.5 Hz via analog output</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Flow Cells</h4><ul><li>Flow cells are not included and must be ordered separately</li><li>Stainless steel and bio-inert configurations available</li><li>Optional LightGuide total-reflection technology</li></ul><h4>Control and Communication</h4><ul><li>LAN (RJ-45)</li><li>USB service interface</li><li>Analog inputs and outputs</li><li>Mobile Control stand-alone operation</li><li>Full software control through chromatography data systems</li></ul><h4>GLP Functions</h4><ul><li>Lamp identification</li><li>Lamp operating hours</li><li>Lamp ignition count</li><li>Comprehensive GLP reporting</li></ul><h4>Power and Dimensions</h4><ul><li>Power supply: 100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li>Power consumption: 75 W</li><li>Dimensions (W × H × D): 361 × 158 × 523 mm</li><li>Weight: 12.2 kg</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA DAD 6.1L Diode Array Detector

KNAUER AZURA® DAD 6.1L is a premium diode array detector with 190–1000 nm coverage, 1024-diode array, Polka-Dot optics, and LightGuide technology for maximum sensitivity.

The KNAUER AZURA® DAD 6.1L is a high-end diode array detector designed for analytical, semi-preparative, preparative, and process liquid chromatography applications. Featuring an extended wavelength range of 190–1000 nm, KNAUER Polka-Dot optical technology, and a 1024-diode array, it delivers exceptional sensitivity, spectral resolution, and baseline stability.The detector combines a high-brightness deuterium lamp and tungsten-halogen lamp to provide seamless UV and visible light detection. Optional LightGuide flow cells based on total internal reflection technology maximize light throughput while minimizing peak dispersion. An optional fiber-optic adapter enables physical separation of the flow cell from the detector, increasing safety when working with hazardous, explosive, or toxic compounds and protecting the detector from potential leaks at high flow rates.<h3>Key Features</h3><ul><li>High-end diode array detector for HPLC, UHPLC, and process chromatography</li><li>Extended wavelength range from 190 to 1000 nm</li><li>1024-diode array with 0.8 nm pixel pitch</li><li>KNAUER Polka-Dot optical technology for maximum sensitivity</li><li>LightGuide flow cell technology for superior signal-to-noise ratio</li><li>Wide range of analytical, semi-preparative, and preparative flow cells</li><li>Optional fiber-optic adapter for remote flow cell positioning</li><li>High-brightness deuterium and halogen lamps</li><li>Internal holmium filter for wavelength verification</li><li>Integrated leak sensor</li><li>Front-access lamp replacement</li><li>Compatible with ClarityChrom®, OpenLAB®, Chromeleon™, PurityChrom®, and Mobile Control</li><li>Suitable for both laboratory and process applications</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Detection System</h4><ul><li>Detector type: Diode Array Detector (DAD)</li><li>Number of diodes: 1024</li><li>Pixel pitch: 0.8 nm per diode</li><li>Detection channels:<ul><li>8 digital channels</li><li>4 analog channels</li></ul></li><li>Light source:<ul><li>High-brightness deuterium lamp</li><li>Tungsten-halogen lamp</li></ul></li><li>Wavelength range: 190–1000 nm</li><li>Spectral resolution: &lt;3.5 nm (FWHM)</li><li>Slit width: 2.5 nm</li><li>Wavelength accuracy: ±1 nm</li><li>Wavelength repeatability: ±0.1 nm</li></ul><h4>Performance</h4><ul><li>Noise: ±3.5 µAU at 254 nm</li><li>Drift: 300 µAU/h at 254 nm</li><li>Linearity: &gt;2.5 AU at 274 nm</li><li>Maximum data rate:<ul><li>100 Hz via LAN</li><li>12.5 Hz via analog output</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Flow Cells</h4><ul><li>Flow cells sold separately</li><li>Stainless-steel and bio-inert configurations available</li><li>Optional LightGuide total-reflection technology</li></ul><h4>Control and Communication</h4><ul><li>LAN (RJ-45)</li><li>USB service interface</li><li>Analog inputs and outputs</li><li>Mobile Control stand-alone operation</li><li>Full software integration with chromatography data systems</li></ul><h4>GLP Functions</h4><ul><li>Lamp identification</li><li>Lamp operating hours</li><li>Lamp ignition count</li><li>Comprehensive GLP reporting</li></ul><h4>Power and Dimensions</h4><ul><li>Power supply: 100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li>Power consumption: 75 W</li><li>Dimensions (W × H × D): 361 × 158 × 523 mm</li><li>Weight: 13.8 kg</li></ul>

Products focused on HPLC - page 14

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