A team from CEITEC Masaryk University (MUNI) in collaboration with researchers from two research institutes in Norway has, for the first time, captured how echovirus 18, a member of the enterovirus genus, releases its genetic material into cells to initiate infection. The study provides a structural view of an early stage of viral infection under near-native conditions. Using cryo-electron microscopy, the researchers discovered that the virus does not release its RNA through a small pore in its capsid, as had long been assumed. Instead, its protein shell partially disassembles, creating a large opening through which the viral genetic material escapes into the host cell. A detailed understanding of this genome release mechanism could eventually help develop compounds preventing enteroviruses from infecting cells.Enteroviruses are common human pathogens causing diseases ranging from the common cold and gastrointestinal infections to severe neurological disorders. Echovirus 18, the virus investigated in this study, is known primarily as a cause of meningitis and encephalitis in children. It belongs to the picornaviruses, a family of small, non-enveloped viruses whose genetic material is protected by a protein shell, the capsid, organized with icosahedral symmetry.To replicate within a cell, the enteroviruses must release their RNA – the molecule that carries viral genetic information – from the capsid, into the cell cytoplasm. Although this step is crucial for initiating infection, it has never been observed in infected cells.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_71d553bb0e.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Plevka Lab: CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection: View into a cell infected by echovirus 18. Echovirus 18 is shown in green and yellow, ribosomes in violet, and actin filaments in cyan. Scale 50 nm. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_71d553bb0e.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1128">“For a long time, two main theories existed about how picornaviruses deliver their RNA genomes into cells. One proposed that the genome leaves the capsid through a small opening. The other, supported by earlier work from our laboratory, suggested that the genome escapes from partially disassembled capsids missing pentamers of capsid proteins. However, both models were based on experiments with virus particles outside cells. We wanted to go one step further and see what really happens during infection inside a cell,” says <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/liya-mukhamedova-ph-d/u89248?page=publication">Liya Mukhamedova</a>, the study’s first author from CEITEC MUNI.Using cryo-electron microscopy, which allows scientists to visualize biological structures at exceptionally high resolution, the researchers observed individual echovirus 18 particles directly within infected cells. They discovered that empty virus particles in infected cells lack parts of their capsids. It is through these openings that the virus releases its RNA.The study also revealed the role of the FcRn receptor, a cell-surface molecule that enteroviruses use to enter cells. The binding of the virus to the receptor triggers structural changes in the viral particle that prime it for subsequent genome release. The team showed that receptor binding causes the loss of the so-called pocket factor, a small molecule that normally helps stabilize the virus particle. The virus otherwise remains largely intact, suggesting that receptor binding is only the first step toward uncoating, while additional factors within the cell are required to complete the process and trigger genome release.“Infection is a complex process, during which enterovirus particles sense various interactions with cell components. The binding of echovirus 18 to the FcRn host-cell receptor triggers conformational changes in the virus, priming it for genome release.” – explains <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/pavel-plevka-ph-d/u26854">Pavel Plevka</a>, head of the Structural Virology Research Group.The researchers did not observe the so-called activated particles that are key intermediates in the enterovirus uncoating process. This suggests that genome release in cells occurs much faster than previous experiments had suggested.By combining structural data obtained from studies of virus particles outside living cells with observations of infected cells, the study offers a picture of how enterovirus infection begins. Moving beyond simplified experiments with isolated virus particles, it brings scientists closer to understanding the earliest stages of enterovirus infection as they occur in living cells. The study, was published in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">PNAS journal</a>.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_2_3601bf1df9.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Plevka Lab: CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection: Reconstructions of E18 particles from infected cells. The particles are rainbow-colored based on the distance from the particle center. Scale 10 nm." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_2_3601bf1df9.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="906"><blockquote><h4>Article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">Particles of echovirus 18 open to release their genomes in vivo</a></h4>Liya Mukhamedova, David Buchta, Zuzana Trebichalská, Yevgen Levdansky, Jana Moravcová, David Potěšil, Zbyněk Zdráhal, Dominik Hřebík, Lucie Nepovímová, Torleif Tollefsrud Gjølberg, Jan Terje Andersen, Jiří Nováček, Tibor Füzik, and Pavel PlevkaProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2026, 123, e2601182123<div>&nbsp;</div><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123</a></div><h6>licenced under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Enteroviruses cause a broad spectrum of human diseases, ranging from mild respiratory or gastrointestinal infections to severe neurological disorders such as aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. Enterovirus cell entry involves receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by destabilizing rearrangements of the virus capsid that enable genome release. However, the mechanism of enterovirus genome release has not been visualized in infected cells. Here, we used cryoelectron tomography and microscopy to image echovirus 18 (E18) entry into host cells and its interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). 30 min postinfection, endosomes and cytoplasm contained empty capsids missing one or several pentamers of capsid proteins, providing evidence that in vivo E18 releases its genome through capsid opening. In vitro, FcRn binding induced the expulsion of pocket factors from hydrophobic pockets in VP1, priming the virus for uncoating. The cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction of genome-containing particles of E18 inside infected cells did not reveal pocket factors, indicating that receptor binding triggers the same priming process during infection. We did not detect activated particles in infected cells, suggesting that these intermediates are short-lived and rapidly release their genomes in vivo. Our results identify capsid opening as the in vivo mechanism of echovirus 18 genome release, providing structural evidence for a process previously only inferred from in vitro experiments.

CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection 

Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful analytical technique used to separate and analyze compounds in a mixture. Whether you're working in pharmaceuticals, environmental testing, or food safety, understanding the key components of a gas chromatograph is essential for accurate and efficient results.In this article, we will delve into the primary components of gas chromatography, including the injector, column, detector, and carrier gas—and explain how each plays a critical role in the separation and analysis process.By mastering these elements, you can optimize your GC setup for precise and reliable outcomes. Let's explore each component in detail:<h3>Sample Injector</h3>The injector is the starting point in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/gc">gas chromatography process</a>, where the sample is introduced into the system. In GC, the sample must be vaporized into a gas before it enters the column. The injector serves this purpose by heating the sample to its gaseous state. There are many types of injectors, Split/Splitless, PTV, on column.The most common injector is the Split/Splitless injector that can be used in split mode or in splitless mode:<ul><li>Split Injection: This mode allows a portion of the sample to be sent to the column while the remainder is vented. It is useful for high-concentration samples to prevent system overload.</li><li>Splitless Injection: In this mode, the entire sample is introduced into the column, making it ideal for trace analysis where even minute quantities need detection.</li></ul>Proper choice of injector type and proper control of injection conditions, such as temperature, sample size, injection mode are crucial for achieving reproducible and reliable results.<h3>Carrier Gas</h3>In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is represented by carrier gas, which transports the vaporized sample through the column. The carrier gas is an inert gas, such as helium, nitrogen, or hydrogen. The choice of carrier gas can influence the efficiency of the separation process.<ul><li>Helium is the most used carrier gas due to its inertness and high flow rate.</li><li>Hydrogen offers faster analysis times but requires careful handling due to its flammability.</li><li>Nitrogen provides a cheaper solution compared to Helium, although it's slower than helium or hydrogen.</li></ul>The flow rate and pressure of the carrier gas need to be carefully controlled to ensure that the sample moves smoothly through the system and adequate efficiency is generated.<h3>Column/Stationary Phase</h3>The column is the heart of the gas chromatograph, where the actual separation of compounds occurs. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/products?category=7&amp;manufacturerItems=50">GC columns</a> are typically long, thin tubes made from stainless steel or fused silica. They are coated with a stationary phase, which interacts with the components of the sample as they pass through.<ul><li>Packed Columns: These contain small particles of stationary phase material and generally have a larger volume. While they are less efficient than capillary columns, they can be suitable for specific applications.</li><li>Capillary Columns: These thin tubes are coated with a stationary phase, offering higher resolution and faster analysis times due to their smaller diameter.</li></ul>The length, diameter, and type of stationary phase of the column are important factors that affect the efficiency and selectivity of the separation. The choice of stationary phase (polar or non-polar; liquid-coated or solid) affects how different compounds interact with it.As the sample moves through the column, compounds separate based on volatility and their affinity for the stationary phase, resulting in distinct peaks in the chromatogram.<h3>Detector</h3>Once the sample has passed through the column, it reaches the detector, where individual components are identified and measured. There are several types of detectors, each suited to different applications:<ul><li>Flame Ionization Detector (FID): One of the most commonly used detectors in GC. It measures ions produced when organic compounds are burned in a hydrogen-air flame. FID is highly sensitive to a wide range of organic compounds and offers a broad linear dynamic range.</li><li>Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD): Detects changes in the thermal conductivity of the gas stream as analytes elute from the column. It is a universal, non-destructive detector, but is generally less sensitive than FID.</li><li>Electron capture detector (ECD): A very sensitive and selective detector used to detect chlorinated compounds it is easily contaminated and requires very pure and dry carrier and makeup gases and difficult maintenance.</li><li>Mass Spectrometer (MS): Provides structural information, aiding in both identification and quantification. Requires advanced and trained users and it’s difficult to maintain.</li></ul>The choice of detector depends on the type of analysis being performed and the sensitivity required. Each detector converts physical or chemical changes associated with the analytes into a measurable signal, producing a chromatogram that reflects concentration and retention time.<h3>Data System</h3>Although not a physical part of the chromatograph, the data system plays an integral role in processing and interpreting the signals generated by the detector. Modern gas chromatographs are equipped with software that converts detector signals into chromatograms—visual representations of the separation process. The software allows users to quantify and identify the components of the sample based on retention times and peak areas.<h3>How to Read a Gas Chromatogram?</h3>Interpreting a gas chromatogram involves understanding its essential elements, such as peaks, retention times, and the overall data for qualitative and quantitative analysis.<h4>The Nature of the Sample</h4>Begin by considering the sample's characteristics; different samples, such as environmental pollutants or food components, may exhibit distinct peak patterns. Recognizing the baseline (the flat line representing the signal without analytes) is crucial for identifying peaks accurately. While well-defined peaks indicate successful separation of components, poorly shaped or broad peaks may suggest issues with the separation process. For instance, if a mixture is injected and three peaks are observed, it indicates the presence of three different compounds in the sample. Conversely, when evaluating the purity of a sample, one would anticipate observing a single peak. Ideally, the chromatogram should reflect this expectation, confirming the sample's purity.<h4>The Identity of the Sample</h4>Retention time (Rt) is a critical factor in identifying the compounds present in the sample. Each analyte has a characteristic retention time that can be compared to known standards or literature. To confirm identities, a standard mixture should run alongside the sample; this allows to correlate retention times with specific compounds. If available, utilizing MS in conjunction with gas chromatography (GC-MS) can provide additional structural information, enhancing identification accuracy. With HR-MS or MS-MS detectors, unknown compounds can be identified by matching perfectly the Molecular weight or by matching the fragmentation pattern.<h4>The Amount of Sample</h4>Quantifying analytes involves analyzing peak area or height, which is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the sample. A calibration curve constructed from known concentrations can help relate peak areas to actual concentrations. It is essential to consider the detector’s sensitivity and the limits of detection, as peaks below a certain threshold may not provide reliable quantification.

Basic Principles of Gas Chromatography - Separation and Analysis

ISC 2026 - Day 2

Article

Events

Academy

Science and research

Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

CEITEC

Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

The International Symposium on Chromatography (ISC) represents the oldest conference series focussing on separation science. ISC symposia have been organised since 1956 in each even year. ISC is internationally recognised as one of the premier meeting series for discussion of all modes of chromatography and separation science with a broad coverage of techniques and applications.

International Symposium on Chromatography - (ISC)

Linde Argon 4.8 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon 4.8 for MIG, TIG, and plasma welding. High-purity inert gas ensuring stable arc performance and high-quality, oxidation-free welds.

Argon 4.8 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas designed for demanding welding applications, particularly for non-ferrous metals. Compared to standard grades, its higher purity ensures improved arc stability and superior weld quality.Its low ionization potential enables easy arc ignition and stable arc performance without reacting with the base material. Argon effectively protects the weld pool from oxidation and contamination, which is critical for sensitive materials.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>High purity (grade 4.8)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Stable and easy arc ignition</li><li>Improved weld quality</li><li>Protection against oxidation</li><li>Suitable for non-ferrous and alloy materials</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: typically ≥ 99.998% (4.8 grade)</li><li>Standard: ČSN EN ISO 14175</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>5 L (200 bar)</li><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (300 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Shielding gas for MIG welding<ul><li>aluminum and its alloys</li><li>copper and its alloys</li><li>nickel and its alloys</li></ul></li><li>Shielding gas for TIG (GTAW) welding<ul><li>carbon and alloy steels</li><li>stainless steels (CrNi)</li><li>aluminum, copper, nickel and alloys</li></ul></li><li>Plasma arc welding (PAW)</li><li>Root protection during welding</li><li>Welding of sensitive and high-alloy materials</li><li>Filling gas for lamps and lighting</li></ul>

Linde Argon 5.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon 5.0 for TIG, PAW, GC, and spectrometry. Ultra-high purity inert gas for sensitive materials and precision analytical applications.

Argon 5.0 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas (≥ 99.999%) designed for demanding applications where maximum purity and stability are essential.Its exceptional purity makes it ideal for welding sensitive metals such as titanium, tantalum, and zirconium, where even trace contamination can affect weld quality. Argon 5.0 is also widely used in analytical techniques, semiconductor processes, and research environments, ensuring stable and reproducible conditions.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Very high purity ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Extremely low impurity levels</li><li>Suitable for sensitive materials and precision processes</li><li>Stable analytical and process conditions</li><li>Versatile applications (welding, analytics, research)</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li>Standard: ČSN EN ISO 14175</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Shielding gas for TIG and PAW welding<ul><li>titanium, tantalum, zirconium and sensitive metals</li></ul></li><li>Semiconductor industry<ul><li>deposition and diffusion processes</li><li>thin film preparation</li></ul></li><li>Analytical applications<ul><li>carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>protective gas in spectrometric analysis</li></ul></li><li>Lighting industry<ul><li>filling gas for lamps</li></ul></li><li>Measurement technology, research and development</li></ul>

Linde Argon 6.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon 6.0 (≥99.9999%) for GC, spectrometry, and semiconductors. Ultra-high purity inert gas for the most demanding analytical applications.

Argon 6.0 from Linde is an ultra-high purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.9999%, designed for the most demanding applications in analytics, semiconductor manufacturing, and research.Its extremely low level of trace impurities makes it ideal for use in gas chromatography, spectrometry, and other contamination-sensitive techniques. It ensures maximum measurement stability, minimal interference, and excellent reproducibility.Argon 6.0 is also well suited for advanced technological processes such as thin film deposition and diffusion processes, where ultra-clean protective atmospheres are required.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Ultra-high purity ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Extremely low trace impurity levels</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Ideal for analytical and semiconductor applications</li><li>High stability and reproducibility</li><li>Suitable for the most demanding applications</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Standard: ČSN EN ISO 14175</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Semiconductor industry<ul><li>deposition and diffusion processes</li><li>thin film manufacturing</li></ul></li><li>Analytical applications<ul><li>carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>protective gas in spectrometric analysis</li></ul></li><li>Lighting industry<ul><li>filling gas for lamps</li></ul></li><li>Measurement technologies</li><li>Research and development</li></ul>

Linde Acetylene for Flame Photometry - Gas Cylinder

Linde Acetylene ≥99.6% for flame photometry and AAS. High-efficiency fuel gas delivering stable flame conditions for analytical and industrial applications.

Acetylene for flame photometry from Linde is a highly efficient fuel gas supplied at approximately 99.6% purity, dissolved in acetone or DMF (dimethylformamide). This dissolved form ensures safe storage and handling by stabilizing the gas within a porous mass inside the cylinder.Acetylene offers the highest flame temperature among commonly used fuel gases and provides rapid heating. These properties make it suitable for both analytical and industrial applications. In analytical chemistry, it is widely used as a fuel gas for flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), ensuring stable flame conditions and accurate measurements.Thanks to specially designed cylinders, acetylene supplied by Linde meets the strictest industrial safety standards and ensures reliable operation.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Highest efficiency among fuel gases</li><li>High purity (~≥ 99.6%) for analytical applications</li><li>Dissolved in acetone or DMF for safe handling</li><li>Stable and high-temperature flame</li><li>Suitable for analytical and industrial use</li><li>Complies with strict safety standards</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: acetylene (C₂H₂)</li><li>Purity: approx. ≥ 99.6% (photometry grade)</li><li>Supply form: dissolved in acetone or DMF in gas cylinder</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><h5>Analytical Applications:</h5><ul><li>Fuel gas for flame photometry</li><li>Fuel gas for atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)</li></ul><h5>Industrial Applications:</h5><ul><li>Flame welding and brazing</li><li>Oxy-fuel cutting</li><li>Heat treatment (e.g., carburizing)</li><li>Flame heating and hot forming</li><li>Flame cleaning, hardening, and straightening</li></ul><h5>Other Applications:</h5><ul><li>Glass industry (e.g., separation layer formation)</li></ul>

Linde Acetylene Pure – Gas Cylinder

Linde Acetylene ≥98.5% for welding, cutting, and heating. Highly efficient fuel gas with the highest flame temperature and rapid heating performance.

Pure acetylene from Linde is a highly efficient fuel gas supplied at a purity of ≥ 98.5%, dissolved in acetone. This form ensures safe storage and handling by stabilizing the gas within a porous mass inside the cylinder.Acetylene provides the highest flame temperature among commonly used fuel gases and delivers rapid heating performance. When combined with oxygen, it offers outstanding technological properties, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.Its unique characteristics make it ideal not only for welding and cutting but also for metallurgical processes (e.g., carburizing) and glass manufacturing.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Highest efficiency among fuel gases</li><li>Purity ≥ 98.5%</li><li>Dissolved in acetone for safe handling</li><li>Very fast heating capability</li><li>Stable and high-temperature flame</li><li>Versatile industrial applications</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: acetylene (C₂H₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 98.5%</li><li>Supply form: dissolved in acetone in gas cylinder</li><li>Cylinder type:<ul><li>1.8 kg</li><li>4 kg</li><li>7 kg</li><li>8 kg</li><li>10 kg</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Flame welding and brazing</li><li>Oxy-fuel cutting</li><li>Flame heating</li><li>Flame gouging</li><li>Flame hardening</li><li>Flame cleaning and straightening</li><li>Hot forming</li></ul><h5>Additional applications:</h5><ul><li>Metallurgy (e.g., surface carburizing)</li><li>Glass industry (e.g., separation layer formation)</li></ul>

Organomation 6 Position N-EVAP Nitrogen Evaporator

Compact nitrogen evaporator for up to 6 samples with precise flow control, heated bath options, and wide sample compatibility.

The Organomation 6 Position N-EVAP is a compact and cost-effective sample concentrator designed for simultaneous evaporation of up to 6 samples. Based on the proven N-EVAP technology developed in the 1970s, it ensures reliable and reproducible solvent evaporation using nitrogen gas within a heated bath.The system supports a wide range of sample sizes – 10–30 mm OD as standard, and up to 30–56 mm OD with an optional holder. The circular rotating design allows easy front access to all samples.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Evaporation of up to 6 samples simultaneously</li><li>Adjustable nitrogen flow: 0–10 L/min</li><li>Individually adjustable needle valves for precise control</li><li>Circular rotating sample holder for easy access</li><li>Wide sample diameter range: 10–56 mm OD (with optional holder)</li><li>Stainless steel bath construction for durability</li><li>Water or dry bath configurations available</li><li>High temperature limit switch for safety</li><li>Phthalate-free silicone tubing to prevent contamination</li><li>Efficient nitrogen usage with minimal waste</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Number of positions: 6</li><li>Sample holder layout: Circular</li><li>Gas manifold: Single ring</li><li>Gas flow meter: 0–10 L/min</li><li>Standard sample OD: 10–30 mm</li><li>Optional sample OD: 30–56 mm</li><li>Gas input pressure: 20–30 psig</li><li>With regulator: 30–160 psig</li></ul><h4>Dimensions</h4><ul><li>Water bath: 33 × 28 × 79 cm</li><li>Dry bath: 33 × 28 × 70 cm</li><li>Reduced height: 33 × 28 × 61 cm</li></ul><h4>Needles</h4><ul><li>Length: 4 in (≈10 cm)</li><li>Gauge: 19 ga</li><li>Material: stainless steel + chrome-plated brass hub</li></ul><h4>Heating – Water Bath</h4><ul><li>Temperature range: 30–90 °C</li><li>Power: 550 W</li><li>Controller: mechanical thermostat</li><li>Accuracy: ±2 °C</li></ul><h4>Heating – Dry Bath</h4><ul><li>Temperature range: 40–130 °C</li><li>Power: 500 W</li><li>Medium: aluminum / glass beads</li><li>Accuracy: ±2 °C</li></ul>

Organomation 20 Position Auto N-EVAP Nitrogen Evaporator

The 20 Position Auto N-EVAP enables automated, safe evaporation of up to 20 samples with digital control and pneumatic sample handling.

The Organomation 20 Position Auto N-EVAP is the most advanced nitrogen evaporator developed by Organomation. It combines the classic N-EVAP system with timed automation and optional nitrogen self-generation.The instrument operates in both automatic and manual modes using an integrated pneumatic system. In automatic mode, samples are removed from the heating bath at the end of the cycle, reducing the risk of sample loss or damage.A digital control system provides precise control of gas flow and bath temperature, ensuring safe and reproducible evaporation of up to 20 samples simultaneously.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Automatic and manual operation modes</li><li>Capacity of up to 20 samples</li><li>Automatic sample removal after cycle completion</li><li>Digital control of temperature and timing</li><li>Nitrogen flow up to 25 L/min</li><li>Built-in pressure reducing regulator</li><li>Dual nitrogen filtration system</li><li>Pneumatic sample lift (gas piston)</li><li>Safety cover and circuit breaker</li><li>Precision needle valve control</li><li>Phthalate-free high-pressure tubing</li><li>Reduced risk of sample loss through automation</li></ul><h4>Available Model</h4><h5>Automatic 20 Position N-EVAP – Water Bath</h5><ul><li>Catalog number: 11220-A</li><li>Bath type: Water</li><li>Number of positions: 20</li><li>Dimensions: 49 × 46 × 92 cm</li><li>Temperature range: 30–100 °C</li><li>Total wattage: 1100 W</li></ul><h5>Standard Features</h5><ul><li>Adjustable flow meter: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Built-in pressure reducing regulator</li><li>Dual nitrogen filters</li><li>Digital temperature controller (LED)</li><li>Electronic timer</li><li>High temperature limit switch</li><li>Safety cover</li><li>Circuit breaker</li><li>High-pressure phthalate-free tubing</li><li>Precision variable valve technology</li><li>Gas piston lift mechanism</li><li>Set of 20 needles (4" × 19 gauge)</li></ul><h4>Options</h4><ul><li>220v wiring harness</li><li>Z-Purge / positive pressure purge case</li><li>Acid resistant coating on instrument and needles</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Number of positions: 20</li><li>Sample holder layout: Circular</li><li>Gas manifold: Single Ring</li><li>Gas flow rate: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Sample size range: 10–30 mm OD</li><li>Nitrogen input pressure: 30–110 psig</li><li>Acid resistant coating: Optional</li></ul><h4>Needles</h4><ul><li>Size: 102 mm × 19 ga (4")</li><li>Material: stainless steel with plated brass hub</li></ul><h4>Sample Lift Mechanism</h4><ul><li>Type: Gas piston</li><li>Function: automatic lifting/removal of samples</li></ul><h4>Control System</h4><ul><li>Digital temperature control (LED display)</li><li>Electronic timer for gas and heating</li></ul><h4>Heating Specifications</h4><ul><li>Model: 11196</li><li>Medium: Water</li><li>Inside dimensions: 11 × 11 × 5.5 in</li><li>Outside dimensions: 49 × 46 × 18 cm</li><li>Power: 1100 W</li><li>Temperature range: 30–100 °C</li><li>Controller: digital electronic</li><li>Accuracy: ±2 °C</li></ul><h4>Accessories</h4><ul><li>Nitrogen generator (20 L/min)</li><li>Pasteur pipette adapters</li><li>Pressure reducing regulator 0–160 psi</li><li>High temperature silicone fluid</li><li>Various needle sizes and gauges</li></ul><h4>Replacement Parts</h4><ul><li>NA1955 – Nitrogen generator</li><li>NA0603 – Needles 4" × 19 ga</li><li>NA0636 – Pasteur pipette adapter</li></ul>

Organomation 9 Position MULTIVAP Nitrogen Evaporator

The MULTIVAP 9 Position enables rapid evaporation of large-volume samples using a high-temperature dry block and efficient row-based nitrogen control.

The Organomation 9 Position MULTIVAP is a high-temperature dry block nitrogen evaporator designed for large volume sample evaporation.The system features a rectangular 3×3 gas distribution manifold and a dual post lifting assembly, allowing easy adjustment of needles or pipettes. Nitrogen is directed onto the sample surface, enabling rapid solvent evaporation and efficient sample concentration.Each row of three positions can be individually switched on/off, allowing significant nitrogen savings when processing fewer samples.The system operates with a heated aluminum dry block (30–120 °C) or as an ambient (unheated) version.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Up to 9 samples simultaneously (3×3 layout)</li><li>High-temperature dry block: 30–120 °C</li><li>Ambient (unheated) version available</li><li>Direct nitrogen delivery onto sample surface</li><li>Row-based gas control (3 samples per row)</li><li>Nitrogen flow range: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Built-in pressure regulator</li><li>Digital temperature control and timer</li><li>Dual spring hoist lifting system</li><li>Includes 50 mm OD beakers</li><li>Custom inserts available for different sample sizes</li><li>Compatible with organic solvents</li><li>Optional acid-resistant configuration</li></ul><h4>Available Models</h4><h5>9 Position MULTIVAP – Dry Block</h5><ul><li>Catalog number: 11809</li><li>Heating type: Dry block</li><li>Number of positions: 9</li><li>Dimensions: 41 × 36 × 76 cm</li><li>Temperature range: 30–120 °C</li><li>Power: 900 W</li></ul><h5>9 Position MULTIVAP – No Heating</h5><ul><li>Catalog number: 11809-O</li><li>Heating type: None</li><li>Number of positions: 9</li><li>Dimensions: 33 × 38 × 66 cm</li><li>Temperature: Ambient</li></ul><h4>Standard Features</h4><ul><li>Adjustable flow meter: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Gas distribution manifold (3×3)</li><li>Nitrogen filter</li><li>Built-in pressure reducing regulator</li><li>Electronic timer</li><li>Digital temperature controller (LED)</li><li>Safety control cover plate</li><li>High temperature limit switch</li><li>Dual band hoist spring assembly</li><li>9 beakers (50 mm OD included)</li></ul><h4>Options</h4><ul><li>220v wiring harness</li><li>Z-Purge / positive pressure purge case</li><li>Acid resistant coating</li><li>Pasteur pipette adapters instead of needles</li><li>Manifold and stand only (no heating platform)</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Number of positions: 9</li><li>Layout: Rectangular (3×3)</li><li>Spacing: 5.87 cm</li><li>Standard vessels: 50 mm OD beakers</li><li>Optional tube range: 16–40 mm OD</li><li>Gas flow: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Flow control: per row (3 samples)</li><li>Gas input pressure: 30–110 psig</li><li>Acid resistant coating: Optional</li></ul><h4>Needles</h4><ul><li>Size: 102 mm × 16 ga</li><li>Material: stainless steel</li><li>Needle guide: optional for tubes</li></ul><h4>Lift Mechanism</h4><ul><li>Type: Dual pulley &amp; band springs</li><li>Function: adjustable needle height</li></ul><h4>Heating Specifications</h4><ul><li>Model: 9156</li><li>Type: Aluminum dry block</li><li>Dimensions: 41 × 36 × 15 cm</li><li>Power: 900 W</li><li>Temperature range: 30–120 °C</li><li>Controller: digital electronic (LED)</li><li>Accuracy: ±2 °C</li></ul><h4>Accessories</h4><ul><li>Nitrogen generator</li><li>Custom inserts&nbsp;</li><li>Pasteur pipette adapters</li><li>Luer plugs</li><li>Various needle sizes and gauges</li></ul>

Organomation 30 Position MULTIVAP Nitrogen Evaporator

The MULTIVAP 30 Position enables high-throughput evaporation of up to 30 samples with a heated dry block, efficient gas control, and custom inserts.

The Organomation 30 Position MULTIVAP is a high-capacity dry block nitrogen evaporator designed for parallel evaporation of up to 30 samples.The system features a rectangular 5×6 gas distribution manifold and a dual post lifting assembly. Nitrogen is directed onto the sample surface, enabling rapid solvent evaporation and efficient concentration.Each row of 5 samples can be independently switched on/off, allowing significant nitrogen savings when processing fewer samples.The system operates with a heated aluminum dry block (30–120 °C) or as an ambient (unheated) version. Custom-made inserts and blocks ensure optimal heat transfer for specific sample sizes.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Up to 30 samples simultaneously (5×6 layout)</li><li>High-temperature dry block: 30–120 °C</li><li>Ambient (no heating) version available</li><li>Direct nitrogen blowdown onto sample surface</li><li>Row-based gas control (5 samples per row)</li><li>Nitrogen flow: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Built-in pressure regulator</li><li>Digital temperature control and timer</li><li>Dual spring hoist system</li><li>Custom inserts for optimized heat transfer</li><li>Compatible with organic solvents</li><li>Optional acid-resistant version</li></ul><h4>Available Models</h4><h5>30 Position MULTIVAP – Dry Block</h5><ul><li>Catalog number: 11830</li><li>Heating type: Dry block</li><li>Number of positions: 30</li><li>Dimensions: 41 × 36 × 76 cm</li><li>Temperature range: 30–120 °C</li><li>Power: 900 W</li></ul><h5>30 Position MULTIVAP – No Heating</h5><ul><li>Catalog number: 11830-O</li><li>Heating type: None</li><li>Number of positions: 30</li><li>Dimensions: 33 × 38 × 66 cm</li><li>Temperature: Ambient</li></ul><h4>Standard Features</h4><ul><li>Adjustable flow meter: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Gas distribution manifold (5×6)</li><li>Nitrogen filter</li><li>Built-in pressure reducing regulator</li><li>Digital temperature controller (LED)</li><li>Electronic timer</li><li>Safety control cover plate</li><li>High temperature limit switch</li><li>Dual band hoist spring assembly</li></ul><h4>Options</h4><ul><li>220v wiring harness</li><li>Z-Purge / positive pressure purge case</li><li>Acid resistant coating</li><li>Pasteur pipette adapters instead of needles</li><li>Manifold and stand only (no heating platform)</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Number of positions: 30</li><li>Layout: Rectangular (5×6)</li><li>Spacing: 3.33 cm</li><li>Sample diameter range: 16–30 mm OD</li><li>Gas flow: 0–25 L/min</li><li>Flow control: per row (5 samples)</li><li>Gas input pressure: 30–110 psig</li><li>Acid resistant coating: Optional</li></ul><h4>Needles</h4><ul><li>Size: 102 mm × 19 ga</li><li>Material: stainless steel</li><li>Needle guide: optional</li></ul><h4>Lift Mechanism</h4><ul><li>Type: Dual pulley &amp; band springs</li><li>Function: adjustable needle height</li></ul><h4>Heating Specifications</h4><ul><li>Model: 9156</li><li>Type: Aluminum dry block</li><li>Dimensions: 41 × 36 × 15 cm</li><li>Power: 900 W</li><li>Temperature range: 30–120 °C</li><li>Controller: digital electronic (LED)</li><li>Accuracy: ±2 °C</li></ul><h4>Accessories</h4><ul><li>Nitrogen generator</li><li>Custom inserts</li><li>Pasteur pipette adapters (not compatible with needle guide)</li><li>Luer plugs</li><li>Various needle sizes and gauges</li></ul>

Organomation H Series Hydrogen Generator

The H Series Hydrogen Generator delivers up to 600 mL/min hydrogen with 99.9999% purity, advanced safety features, and scalable modular design.

The Organomation H Series Hydrogen Generator is a modular hydrogen generation system designed for GC, GC-MS (GC-MSD), and FAST GC applications. It is available in three models with flow rates of 200, 400, and 600 mL/min, delivering ultra-high purity hydrogen up to 99.9999%.The system uses HT PEM electrolytic cell technology, producing hydrogen on demand, minimizing internal gas storage and enhancing safety.A comprehensive safety system includes acoustic alarms, display messages, and automatic shutdown in case of gas leaks, with automatic switching to inert gas if hydrogen production stops.The generator features a touchscreen CPU, supports CAN-BUS and LAN connectivity, and allows real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and maintenance management. Up to four units can be connected in parallel for scalable performance.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Three models: 200 / 400 / 600 mL/min</li><li>Hydrogen purity up to 99.9999% (UHP)</li><li>HT PEM electrolytic cell technology</li><li>On-demand hydrogen production</li><li>Advanced safety system with alarms and auto shutdown</li><li>Automatic switch to inert gas</li><li>Removable water tank for easy maintenance</li><li>Low maintenance and low operating cost</li><li>Parallel connection of up to 4 units</li><li>Touchscreen CPU with CAN-BUS and LAN</li><li>Full monitoring of system status and alarms</li></ul><h4>Available Models</h4><h5>H Series 200</h5><ul><li>Flow rate: 200 mL/min ±10%</li><li>Power consumption: 110 W</li></ul><h5>H Series 400</h5><ul><li>Flow rate: 400 mL/min ±10%</li><li>Power consumption: 180 W</li></ul><h5>H Series 600</h5><ul><li>Flow rate: 600 mL/min ±10%</li><li>Power consumption: 250 W</li></ul><h4>Standard Features</h4><ul><li>HT PEM electrolytic cell</li><li>Touchscreen CPU</li><li>LAN connectivity</li><li>CAN-BUS communication</li><li>Removable water tank</li><li>Automatic water refill pump</li><li>Safety system with alarms and auto shutdown</li><li>Automatic inert gas switching</li><li>Modular stackable configuration</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Technology: HT PEM electrolytic cell</li><li>Purity: 99.9999%</li><li>Oxygen: &lt; 1 ppm</li><li>Dew point: &lt; -70°C</li><li>Output pressure: 2–8 bar (30–116 psi)</li><li>Max altitude: 2000 m</li><li>Noise: &lt; 50 dBA</li><li>Protection class: IP20</li></ul><h4>Electrical</h4><ul><li>115/230 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li>H200: 110 W</li><li>H400: 180 W</li><li>H600: 250 W</li></ul><h4>Operating Conditions</h4><ul><li>Temperature: 5–35 °C</li><li>Humidity: max 90% non-condensing</li></ul><h4>Water Requirements</h4><ul><li>Minimum resistivity: &gt;1 MΩ·cm (ASTM II)</li><li>Recommended: &lt;10 MΩ·cm (ASTM I)</li></ul><h4>Dimensions &amp; Weight</h4><ul><li>Dimensions: 47 × 38 × 53 cm</li><li>Weight: 30 kg</li></ul><h4>Connections</h4><ul><li>Hydrogen output: G 1/8" female (AISI 316)</li><li>Exhaust: 4 mm quick connector</li><li>Water input: 1/4" connection</li></ul><h4>Warranty</h4><ul><li>2 years</li></ul><h4>Accessories</h4><ul><li>Water demineralizer</li><li>Maintenance kit (9,000 / 18,000 hours)</li><li>Water refill pump</li></ul>

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