MS/MS (Tandem) spectra can be used to identify unknowns employing library searches. This is accomplished in much the same approach as that employed for EI GC-MS with the NIST search software. The much improved NIST Search Version 2.4 is included with the 2020 library release. 
I will attempt to introduce the user to the use of the NIST Version 2.4 search software employing NIST, Wiley, “crowd-sourced (MoNA)”, and user libraries for the identification of unknowns.
NIST has an ambitious program to extend their already comprehensive, high-quality MS/MS databases. 
See the following link: <a href="https://littlemsandsailing.files.wordpress.com/2020/12/xiaoyu_yang_asms2020_presentation.pdf">NIST Pipeline for Extending MS/MS Libraries</a>
This involves a very comprehensive process for selecting pertinent compounds for purchase and subsequent analyses. The problem with variability of the spectra is reduced by analyzing the samples on a variety of instruments at a variety of energy levels (20 steps). In addition, many different precursor ions and fragment ions are characterized (MSⁿ). This has already led to a very large high quality library of accurate mass MS/MS spectra in the 2020 release version (31K compounds/1.3 M spectra) and the effort is ongoing.
<h3>The Part I will cover:</h3>
Detailed Handouts including tables of content are available in the <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?search=lc%2Fms%20unknown%20identifications%20using%20msms%20libraries&amp;manufacturerItems=55">LabRulezLCMS library</a>.
<ul>
<li>Introduction of Presenter, James Little</li>
<li>Table of Contents </li>
<li>Series Topics</li>
<li>NIST MS Software and MSMS (Tandem) Libraries</li>
<li>Help Files for NIST Search</li>
<li>NIST Software Windows Compliant Features</li>
<li>Saving and Restoring User Configurations</li>
<li>Main Functions on Toolbar</li>
<li>View of Search Options Employed</li>
<li>Main Window in Lib Search View</li>
<li>Tabs for Other Functions Accessed at Bottom of Main Library Window</li>
<li>Names Search Tab </li>
<li>Setting Up search Parameters for MSMS Searches</li>
<li>InChiKey Field Link to PubChem on Web </li>
<li>Molecular Formulae for Fragments Shown in High Resolution Spectra</li>
<li>Live Demo on YouTube of Software </li>
<li>References (Internet Links)</li>
<li>Acknowledgements</li>
</ul>
<h3>Future parts will focus on:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Part II: NIST MSMS Search Software and Libraries</li>
<li>Part III: More Detailed Discussion of MSMS Hybrid Search</li>
<li>Part IV: Importing MSMS Spectra</li>
<li>Part V: NIST Structure Searches</li>
<li>Part VI: MS Interpreter Correlation of Substructure to MSMS Ions</li>
<li>Part VII: Using and Creating Other MSMS Libraries</li>
<li>Part VIII: Identification of Unknowns with “Spectraless” Libraries</li>
</ul>

LC/MS Unknown Identifications Using MSMS Libraries Part I: Overview of Software and User-Customized Configurations

In the week from February 22, 2021, the following webinars await you in the field of GC and GCMS. More <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars">details and registration can be found in the WEBINARS section.</a>:
Search and filter in more than 600 GC and LC webinars.
<h5>1. Teledyne Tekmar: Purge and Trap Workflows: Tips to Overcome Challenges That Can Arise From Sample Collection To Sample Analysis</h5>
Join us for this complimentary 30-minute webinar that will discuss tips to help overcome the challenges of common purge and trap methods.
<h5>2. Agilent Technologies: Return to (and Keep!) Peak Performance for GC and GC/MS</h5>
This webinar will open the door to the secrets of mastering the signs of a dirty liner, “dead” or dirty column, and dirty MS source from everyday chromatograms, data and tune reports.
<h5>3. INFICON: Micro GC vs. Benchtop GC</h5>
Our experts Debbie Alcorn and Roland Salentin are happy to talk to you about the differences but also the similarities between the MicroGC and the Benchtop GCs. 
<h5>4. SelectScience/Agilent Technologies: Connecting Performance Improvement to Increased Production in GC/MS Analytical Workflows</h5>
Separation Science, in collaboration with Agilent, will go over some of the Ultra Inert GC columns, liners and supplies that are critical to achieve optimal performance and deliver consistent reliable results. 
<h5>5. Restek Corporation: Challenge in GC column Selection</h5>
In this webinar we will cover 3 situations for column selection: 1. replace an existing column, 2. Improve the analysis and 3. New application.

GC and GCMS webinars - Week 8

In the week from February 22, 2021, the following webinars await you in the field of LC and LCMS. More <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">details and registration can be found in the WEBINARS section.</a>:
Search and filter in more than 600 LC and GC webinars.
<h5>1. Phenomenex: Overview of USP and Ph.Eur. Allowable Adjustments for HPLC Monograph Methods</h5>
<h5>2. Agilent Technologies: Characterization and Quantification of Synthetic Oligonucleotides Using HRAM and QQQ</h5>
<h5>3. PerkinElmer: Food Safety: Advances in Methods for Determination of Allergens in food by LC-MS/MS</h5>
<h5>4. Shimadzu Scientific Instruments: The Role of LC-MS in Glycoscience Research</h5>
<h5>5. Technology Networks/Ascension Sciences: Formulating Cannabinoid Particles for Therapeutics</h5>
<h5>6. Agilent Technologies: Scale Up in Minutes: A Practical Example of Preparative HPLC Scale Up from an Analytical Method</h5>
<h5>7. VWR: Getting the best out of solid core technology for small and large molecule analysis</h5>
<h5>8. Evosep Biosystems: Covid-19 research with Evosep One</h5>

LC and LCMS webinars - Week 8

I presented a 5-part Wiley Webinar Series in August-September, 2020 on EI library searches. The series demonstrates the effective use of NIST software such as MS Search, MS Interpreter, and AMDIS with the Wiley, NIST, and user-created libraries.
<h3>The Part II will cover:</h3>
Detailed Handouts including tables of content are available in the <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?search=spectral%20searches%20with%20nist%20ms%20search&amp;manufacturerItems=55">LabRulezGCMS library</a>.
<ul>
<li>Webinar topics </li>
<li>Help Files for NIST Search </li>
<li>General Windows commands/functions </li>
<li>Primary Libraries of EI Spectra and Associated Structures </li>
<li>Select the libraries used for Exact Structure searches </li>
<li>Obtaining structures from chemical drawing program </li>
<li>Search for similar structures after inserting clipboard structure </li>
<li>Sending Structure from MS Search to drawing program </li>
<li>Tips for displaying structure search results </li>
<li>Tips for displaying related structures in structure searches </li>
<li>Search for exact structures </li>
<li>Using compare window to display multiple spectra </li>
<li>View of hit list structure search options utilized </li>
<li>MS interpreter for correlating structure to spectrum</li>
<li>Do the 3 isomers of methyl hydroxybenzoate fragment differently?</li>
<li>Any structure and associated spectrum sent to MS Interpreter</li>
<li>Accurate mass spectrum correlated to structure in MS Interpreter </li>
<li>Webinar references </li>
<li>Acknowledgements</li>
</ul>
<h3>Future parts will focus on:</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/1109">Part III: AMDIS (NIST) for Processing EI Mass Spectral Data Files</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/1128">Part IV: Advanced NIST Hybrid Searchof EI and MS/MS Spectra</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/1160">Part V: Creating and Sharing User EI and MS/MS Libraries</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>The past sections have focused on:</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/1066">Part I: Spectral Searches with NIST MS Search</a></li>
</ul>

Wiley Seminar - Part II: Structure Searches with NIST MS Search and Using MS Interpreter

MS/MS (Tandem) spectra can be used to identify unknowns employing library searches. This is accomplished in much the same approach as that employed for EI GC-MS with the NIST search software. The much improved NIST Search Version 2.4 is included with the 2020 library release. 
I will attempt to introduce the user to the use of the NIST Version 2.4 search software employing NIST, Wiley, “crowd-sourced (MoNA)”, and user libraries for the identification of unknowns.
NIST has an ambitious program to extend their already comprehensive, high-quality MS/MS databases. 
See the following link: <a href="https://littlemsandsailing.files.wordpress.com/2020/12/xiaoyu_yang_asms2020_presentation.pdf">NIST Pipeline for Extending MS/MS Libraries</a>
This involves a very comprehensive process for selecting pertinent compounds for purchase and subsequent analyses. The problem with variability of the spectra is reduced by analyzing the samples on a variety of instruments at a variety of energy levels (20 steps). In addition, many different precursor ions and fragment ions are characterized (MSⁿ). This has already led to a very large high quality library of accurate mass MS/MS spectra in the 2020 release version (31K compounds/1.3 M spectra) and the effort is ongoing.
<h3>The Part II will cover:</h3>
Detailed Handouts including tables of content are available in the <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?search=lc%2Fms%20unknown%20identifications%20using%20msms%20libraries&amp;manufacturerItems=55">LabRulezLCMS library</a>.
<ul>
<li>Introduction to Presenter, James Little</li>
<li>Table of Contents </li>
<li>Series of Talks: LCMS Unknown Identifications Using MSMS Libraries</li>
<li>Help Files for NIST Search</li>
<li>NIST Software in General is “Windows Compliant” </li>
<li>NIST Tandem Quick Start Guide</li>
<li>Overview: NIST Mass Spectrometry Software and MSMS Libraries </li>
<li>Limitations of MSMS Searches for Unknown Identifications </li>
<li>Three Basic Types of NIST MSMS (Tandem) Searches </li>
<li>Overall Description for Searching Libraries and Displaying Results</li>
<li>NIST MSMS (Tandem) Libraries 2020 Release </li>
<li>Minimizing Number of Results After Search Performed </li>
<li>Two Types of Ions Filtered with MSMS Hit List Filter Option </li>
<li>Setting Default Parameters for Similarity Search (7 Steps)</li>
<li>Setting Default Parameters for Identify MS/MS Search (8 Steps) </li>
<li>Setting Default Parameters for MS/MS Hybrid Search (9 Steps) </li>
<li>Searching Demonstration (Live YouTube) </li>
<li>Presentation References (Internet Hyperlinks)</li>
<li>Acknowledgements</li>
</ul>
<h3>Future parts will focus on:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Part III: More Detailed Discussion of MSMS Hybrid Search</li>
<li>Part IV: Importing MSMS Spectra</li>
<li>Part V: NIST Structure Searches</li>
<li>Part VI: MS Interpreter Correlation of Substructure to MSMS Ions</li>
<li>Part VII: Using and Creating Other MSMS Libraries</li>
<li>Part VIII: Identification of Unknowns with “Spectraless” Libraries</li>
</ul>

LC/MS Unknown Identifications Using MSMS Libraries Part II: NIST Search Software and Libraries

In the week from March 1, 2021, the following webinars await you in the field of GC and GCMS. More <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars">details and registration can be found in the WEBINARS section.</a>:
Search and filter in more than 600 GC and LC webinars.
<h5>1. LCTech GmbH: Cannabis analysis - From Plant to Product Solution</h5>
In this webinar we will cover Aflatoxins and other Mycotoxins in Cannabis and Sample Clean-up for the Determinaton of Pesticide using non-dispersive QuEChERS Method.
<h5>2. Analytix_Ltd: Analytical pyrolysis: Opening your GC to polymer analysis</h5>
Analytix will be presenting a webinar on 3 March covering analytical pyrolysis and analysis of polymeric materials.
<h5>3. SelectScience/Agilent Technologies: Climbing the peaks of GC intelligence: Discover the smart new features in Agilent GCs</h5>
In this SelectScience webinar, George Reiner will introduce the new features of Agilent GC systems that have been designed to make them more intelligent and easier to use than before.
<h5>4. Shimadzu Scientific Instruments: Shimadzu Theory &amp; Key Principles Series - GCMS Session 5: Introduction to GCMS Method Development</h5>
This is the fifth webinar on fundamental concepts in GCMS. This session will cover: General method set-up, Analysis aims, Column choice, Ion selection, Improving chromatography, Improving sensitivity.
<h5>5. C&amp;EN/Agilent Technologies: Enabling Automated Metabolite and Lipid Extraction with the Agilent Bravo Liquid Handler</h5>
The Bravo Metabolomics Sample Prep Platform is built on the Bravo liquid handling system and specifically designed to prepare samples as part of the Agilent Metabolomics workflow solution.

GC and GCMS webinars - Week 9

In the week from March 1, 2021, the following webinars await you in the field of LC and LCMS. More <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">details and registration can be found in the WEBINARS section.</a>:
Search and filter in more than 600 LC and GC webinars.
<h5>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: FreeStyle, the qualitative Explorer</h5>
Making the transition from Qualbrowser to Freestyle? Thermo Fisher Scientific FreeStyle application is used to visualize and qualitatively analyze RAW data.
<h5>2. Agilent Technologies: Electron Fragmentation-Based Workflows for Characterizing Proteoforms with Agilent Q-ToFs</h5>
The ExD cell preserves labile post-translational modifications, differentiate isobaric leucine from isoleucine as well as isoaspartate from aspartate, and can cleave disulfide bonds in cysteine knot proteins.
<h5>3. LCTech GmbH: Cannabis analysis - From Plant to Product Solution</h5>
In this webinar we will cover Aflatoxins and other Mycotoxins in Cannabis and Sample Clean-up for the Determinaton of Pesticide using non-dispersive QuEChERS Method.
<h5>4. Waters Corporation: Characterization of Viral Glycopeptides and Support of Global SARS-CoV-2 Efforts</h5>
Join us for a user’s perspective on the characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 glycopeptides by using Ion Mobility Separation (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS). 
<h5>5. C&amp;EN/Agilent Technologies: Enabling Automated Metabolite and Lipid Extraction with the Agilent Bravo Liquid Handler</h5>
The Bravo Metabolomics Sample Prep Platform is built on the Bravo liquid handling system and specifically designed to prepare samples as part of the Agilent Metabolomics workflow solution.
<h5>6. Agilent Technologies: Electron Fragmentation for the Agilent Q-TOF Family</h5>
Here we are going to discuss how ECD facilitates the characterization of post-translational modifications (PTMs) without loss of labile groups.

LC and LCMS webinars - Week 9

Modelled on the market leader’s best-selling Genius XE nitrogen gas generator, Peak Scientific’s all-new Genius XE SMZ offers Shimadzu customers a tailored solution in a compact unit. Producing exceptional gas quality and performance, Genius XE SMZ features Multi-Stage Purification™ filtration, targeted at reducing moisture and contaminant levels to provide consistent high-quality nitrogen gas.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Peak_Scientific_Genius_XE_SMZ_cover_bbc42cf51b/Peak-Scientific-Genius-XE-SMZ-cover.png" alt="Peak Scientific: nitrogen generator Genius XE SMZ for LC-MS/MS systems from Shimadzu"/>
With cost of ownership at the forefront of the product’s offering to labs, <a href="https://www.peakscientific.com/products/nitrogen/genius-xe-smz-nitrogen-generator/">Genius XE SMZ</a> is capable of generating high gas flows with one nitrogen output at up to 29 liters per minute and one air output at up to 27 liters per minute, with enhanced compressor technology and management, optimizing power consumption, in turn reducing running costs whilst reducing the lab’s carbon footprint. Genius XE SMZ also comes with a 2-year fully comprehensive warranty.
Beyond its cost-effective technology, Genius XE SMZ also eliminates the additional hidden costs associated with alternative methods of gas supply. Unlike bulk gas sources, such as nitrogen gas cylinders or dewars, Genius XE SMZ only requires a one-time delivery for installation, thereby eliminating the repeated costs of bulk gas transportation, rental and third-party contracts. Genius XE SMZ’s plug-and-play user-friendly operation means labs can also remove the extra costs for staff safety training.
Petra Gierga, Product Manager for Peak Scientific, said, “We’re delighted to be able to offer Shimadzu customers a cost-effective, space-saving and OEM-approved gas solution for high-flow LC-MS/MS Systems, including Shimadzu’s latest <a href="https://www.shimadzu.com/an/products/liquid-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/triple-quadrupole-lc-msms/lcms-8060nx/index.html">LCMS-8060NX</a>.
Peak Scientific has been collaborating with Shimadzu since 2009, where we have worked in conjunction to develop gas generator technology for specific applications. With all these years of hard work and research, Genius XE SMZ is Peak’s culmination of the ideal gas solution for Shimadzu’s customers.”

Peak Scientific unveils new cost-efficient nitrogen gas solution for Shimadzu high-flow LC-MS/MS systems

For this reason among other benefits, a number of gas chromatography (GC) professionals are converting to hydrogen gas using a hydrogen generator as their carrier gas supply. In this blog, we explain exactly why.
<h3>Reliable and convenient</h3>
As a non-renewable resource, helium gas is becoming increasingly scarce, leading to supply shortages and an increase in costs for numerous industries, including analytical laboratories. For labs relying on helium, a lack of supply can cause delays in sample analysis and a general disruption to day-to-day workflow.
Working with an in-house hydrogen generator, on the other hand, is a more reliable, inexpensive and convenient way of performing GC analysis. With a hydrogen generator, labs can produce their own high purity carrier gas supply without having to depend on cylinder deliveries or go over their budget due to a sudden spike in helium prices. Once installed, a hydrogen generator stays in your lab, eliminating all the logistical hassles associated with scheduling helium gas orders, planning cylinder changeovers and installation. A gas generator provides peace of mind, knowing you have access to a constant supply of hydrogen gas and not having to worry about running out of carrier gas mid-analysis.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Peak_Scientific_Proc_prejit_v_plynove_chromatografii_z_helia_na_vodik_23e10778b1/Peak-Scientific-Proc-prejit-v-plynove-chromatografii-z-helia-na-vodik.jpg" alt="Peak Scientific: Carrier gas Hydrogen as an alternative to Helium in gas chromatography (GC)"/>
<h3>Safe</h3>
Unlike a pressurized gas cylinder, a hydrogen generator does not store high volumes of gas which could pose a potential safety hazard. When working with a gas cylinder, laboratory staff have to be on the lookout for any signs of leaks or damage on the cylinder in order to prevent any explosion or fire risk due to such high volumes of pressurized gas. 
With a hydrogen generator, however, labs can minimize these risks. A hydrogen generator will only generate the amount of hydrogen gas required to meet instrument need, meaning very small volumes of gas are stored at any one time. Performing analysis with a hydrogen generator also eliminates the requirement of transporting cylinders which could potentially be dangerous if not handled carefully.
Labs working with hydrogen generator can also restrict outside contact and limit Covid-19 contact transmission. Once installed, a hydrogen generator can be operated fully operated by a lab’s members of staff, allowing labs to eliminate contact with third party suppliers.
Beyond the absence of pressurized gas storage, a hydrogen generator comes equipped with advanced built-in fail-safe technology. These safety features prompt the hydrogen generator to shutdown in the unlikely event of a leak, maintaining safety in the lab.
<h3>Environmentally friendly</h3>
A hydrogen generator only requires a one-time delivery for installation. From then on, your hydrogen generator stays in the lab, eliminating regular cylinder deliveries, thereby reducing your lab’s overall carbon footprint.
Another environmentally friendly consideration is the process by which hydrogen gas is generated. A hydrogen generator produces hydrogen gas from deionized water, offering a renewable alternative to helium gas. Producing hydrogen gas from deionized water is also in contrast to the energy-intensive process of steam reformation methane, which is the most common method of obtaining cylinder hydrogen.
<h3>Shorter run times</h3>
Speedier analysis is another advantage to using hydrogen gas instead of helium. Hydrogen gas has a higher optimal linear velocity than helium, therefore in many cases increasing a lab’s throughput by improving analysis speed.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Peak_Scientific_Van_Deemter_curve_732bf227c1/Peak-Scientific-Van-Deemter-curve.jpg" alt="Peak Scientific: Van Deemter curve"/>
As demonstrated in <a href="https://www.techstreet.com/standards/jis-k-2536-4-2011?product_id=1824663">the gasoline analysis</a> of Fig. 1, the analysis time was shortened with hydrogen carrier gas. Since hydrogen gas can flow gas at a lower supply pressure than helium, it is suitable for high speed analysis using a narrow bore capillary column.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Peak_Scientific_Zkraceni_analyzy_benzinu_zemenou_nosneho_plynu_helia_za_vodik_4130ab91f0/Peak-Scientific-Zkraceni-analyzy-benzinu-zemenou-nosneho-plynu-helia-za-vodik.png" alt="Fig. 1 Peak Scientific: Shortening the analysis of gasoline by changing the carrier gas helium to hydrogen "/>
<h3>Making the switch</h3>
If you’re looking to convert to hydrogen gas, you need to consult <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?search=gas%20chromatography%20method%20list&amp;mainauthorItems=34">the GC Method list</a> to confirm your method can indeed use hydrogen gas as an alternative to helium. It’s also important to refer to your method translation software for a simulation of the effect of changing carrier gas. There are GC instruments facilitating this conversion, such as <a href="https://www.shimadzu.com/an/products/gas-chromatography/gas-chromatograph/nexis-gc-2030/index.html">Nexis GC-2030</a> by Shimadzu, which allows GC practitioners to switch carrier gas in the same sample run without adjusting any setups. You can refer to our <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?search=7%20Steps%20to%20changing%20carrier%20gas%20from%20Helium%20to%20Hydrogen&amp;mainauthorItems=34">step-by-step guide</a> for more information on converting carrier gas.
For a safe and reliable source of hydrogen gas, Peak Scientific’s <a href="https://www.peakscientific.com/products/hydrogen/">Precision Hydrogen Trace</a> range of hydrogen generators make the switch even easier with user friendly touchscreen operation. Specifically designed for GC and also suitable for FID, Precision Hydrogen Trace is available in various flow rates for all lab gas requirements, all available at a maximum purity of 99.99999%. Offering greater safety, Precision Hydrogen Trace comes in a compact and space-saving design, maximizing your lab’s floorspace. 
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/application::product.product/Peak-Precision-Hydrogen-Trace-250-500-1200-GC-Carrier-Gas-Hydrogen-Generators.jpg" alt="Peak Scientific: Hydrogen gas generator Precision Hydrogen Trace"/>
Although helium is a popular carrier gas choice in GC, the difficulty in obtaining the gas has made more labs reconsider their gas supply, seeing an increase in the shift of carrier gas from helium to hydrogen gas. When all aspects are considered, it is easy to understand what’s driving the switch: the unrivalled reliability and peace of mind that can only be provided by a hydrogen generator.

Why switch from helium to hydrogen gas for GC?

I presented a 5-part Wiley Webinar Series in August-September, 2020 on EI library searches. The series demonstrates the effective use of NIST software such as MS Search, MS Interpreter, and AMDIS with the Wiley, NIST, and user-created libraries.
<h3>The Part III will cover:</h3>
Detailed Handouts including tables of content are available in the <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?search=spectral%20searches%20with%20nist%20ms%20search&amp;manufacturerItems=55">LabRulezGCMS library</a>.
<ul>
<li>Help files and manuals</li>
<li>Common Windows commands/functions</li>
<li>AMDIS essentials</li>
<li>Opening files</li>
<li>Deconvoluting spectra and obtaining manual spectrum using LMB </li>
<li>Evaluating results</li>
<li>Externalsearching of commercial/user libraries with NIST MS </li>
<li>Uncertain peaks</li>
<li>Plotting selected ion chromatograms in normal and log scale </li>
<li>Manually obtaining background subtracted spectra </li>
<li>Internalsearching (no structures) of commercial/user databases </li>
<li>Internalsearching (no structures) of target libraries </li>
<li>Optimizing peak detection </li>
<li>Comparing two chromatograms for differences </li>
<li>Retention indices</li>
<li>Problemno chromatogram/spectrum window</li>
<li>Webinar References</li>
<li>Acknowledgements</li>
</ul>
<h3>Future parts will focus on:</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/1128">Part IV: Advanced NIST Hybrid Searchof EI and MS/MS Spectra</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/1160">Part V: Creating and Sharing User EI and MS/MS Libraries</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>The past sections have focused on:</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/1066">Part I: Spectral Searches with NIST MS Search</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/article/1086">Part II: Structure Searches with NIST MS Search and Using MS Interpreter</a>
</li>
</ul>

Wiley Seminar - Part III: AMDIS (NIST) for Processing EI Mass Spectral Data Files

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Wiley Seminar - Part III: AMDIS (NIST) for Processing EI Mass Spectral Data Files

Peak Scientific unveils new cost-efficient nitrogen gas solution for Shimadzu high-flow LC-MS/MS systems

Why switch from helium to hydrogen gas for GC?

LC and LCMS webinars - Week 9

GC and GCMS webinars - Week 9

LC/MS Unknown Identifications Using MSMS Libraries Part II: NIST Search Software and Libraries

Wiley Seminar - Part II: Structure Searches with NIST MS Search and Using MS Interpreter

LC and LCMS webinars - Week 8

GC and GCMS webinars - Week 8

LC/MS Unknown Identifications Using MSMS Libraries Part I: Overview of Software and User-Customized Configurations

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