<h4>🚀 Meet the experts! 🚀</h4>Join us on June 12th for the 3rd edition of Live from the Lab! This hybrid event will showcase the latest advancements in mass spectrometry technology, featuring Prof. Dr. C.R. Celia Berkers from Universiteit Utrecht, discussing her metabolomics work on “Enhanced dynamic range MS to reveal metabolic communication in hepatocellular carcinoma”<blockquote>📅 Date: June 12th, 2025&nbsp;📍 In-Person Locations: Bremen Factory &amp; Satellite Locations across Europe and the Middle East&nbsp;💻 Online: Live streaming available</blockquote><h4>How to Join:&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Bremen Factory: Attend the main event in person!</li><li>Satellite Locations: Join local events with live streaming and additional local content.</li><li>Online: Register to watch the live stream from anywhere!</li></ul><blockquote>🗓️ Mark your calendars and 🔗 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/events/829">register today!</a> Participation is free, but registration is required.</blockquote>Don't miss out on this opportunity to expand your knowledge and collaborate with the scientific community. See you there!#OmicsResearch #MassSpectrometry #ASMS2025

Live from the Lab: Solutions for Omics Research (4) - Prof. Celia Berkers (Universiteit Utrecht)

<h3>Determine if a Nitrogen Dryer is Faster Than Your Current Evaporation Method</h3>In laboratory workflows, sample preparation efficiency is critical to maintaining productivity and ensuring high-quality results. Evaporation is a key step in many analytical processes, from environmental testing to pharmaceutical research, yet it is often a bottleneck that slows down operations. If your current evaporation method is consuming too much time or yielding inconsistent results, it may be time to consider an alternative approach.Our Evaporation Time Calculator allows you to determine exactly how long it will take for your samples to dry down. By inputting basic information about your sample volume and solvent, you can receive an accurate time estimate and evaluate whether a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=3&amp;manufacturerItems=540">nitrogen evaporator</a> could enhance your lab’s workflow.<h4>Why Use an Evaporation Time Calculator?</h4>Evaporation time varies significantly depending on solvent properties, sample volume, and evaporation method. Many laboratories still rely on traditional methods such as air drying in the fume hood or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/manual-to-automated-solvent-drying-is-it-worth-the-switch?hsLang=en">manually drying singular samples with a stream of nitrogen</a>. These methods can be quite inefficient and lead to extended wait times between analysis steps. This calculator helps you:<ul><li>Estimate Evaporation Time with Accuracy: Entering a few key details about your test samples allows you to get a precise estimate of drying time.</li><li>Evaluate Your Current Method: Compare how long your evaporation process takes using conventional techniques versus with a nitrogen evaporator.</li><li>Improve Lab Scheduling: Knowing the expected evaporation time allows for better planning of experiments, reducing downtime and increasing productivity.</li></ul><h4>How the Calculator Works</h4>Our Evaporation Time Calculator takes only 1 minutes to complete, requiring only the necessary inputs about your sample type:<ol><li>Starting Solvent Volume: Specify the initial amount of solvent in mL that you have in each sample</li><li>Ending Solvent Volume: Indicate how much solvent in mL should remain after evaporation. This allows the calculator to determine how much solvent needs to be evaporated off in total.</li><li>Solvent Type: Choose from a list of commonly used solvents, each of which has unique evaporation characteristics that influence drying time.</li></ol>Once you enter this information, the calculator determines how much solvent must be removed and estimates the total time required for evaporation based on the solvent's evaporation rate.<h4>Understanding Evaporation Time Variables</h4>Several factors affect how long it takes for a solvent to fully evaporate, including:<ul><li>Solvent Volatility: Some solvents, such as acetone or methanol, evaporate much faster than high-boiling-point solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).</li><li>Temperature &amp; Pressure Conditions: Higher temperatures and reduced pressure can accelerate evaporation, but not all labs have access to advanced heating or vacuum systems.</li><li>Evaporation Method: Passive evaporation or drying samples one at at time by hand can take significantly longer than methods using active nitrogen blowdown or heat-assisted drying.</li></ul><h4>Is a Nitrogen Evaporator Right for You?</h4>If the calculator reveals that your current evaporation process is taking longer than expected, switching to a nitrogen evaporator could drastically improve efficiency.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/5392"> Nitrogen blowdown evaporation</a> is a well-established method that directs a controlled stream of nitrogen gas onto the surface of the solvent, promoting rapid and uniform evaporation while minimizing contamination risks.Key Benefits of Nitrogen EvaporationAccelerated Evaporation: Reduces sample drying time compared to passive evaporation or manual methods.<ul><li>Reliable &amp; Consistent Results: Ensures uniform solvent removal, preventing sample loss or variability.</li><li>Better Sample Protection: Prevents oxidation, contamination, and temperature fluctuations that could affect sample integrity.</li><li>Adaptability for Different Sample Types: Works with microplates, tubes, and flasks, making it suitable for various applications.</li><li>Space-Saving &amp; Cost-Effective: Many nitrogen evaporators are compact and require minimal maintenance compared to bulkier alternatives.</li></ul><h4>Optimize Your Lab’s Workflow Today</h4>Slow evaporation times can hinder productivity, delay experiments, and increase operational costs. With our Evaporation Time Calculator, you can gain valuable insights into your current process and determine whether a nitrogen evaporator is the right investment for your lab.Find out how long it takes to dry down your samples—and discover how faster, more <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/types-of-laboratory-evaporators?hsLang=en">efficient evaporation methods</a> can help you save time and improve results.

How long will it take to evaporate your samples in a nitrogen evaporator?

HPLC gradients are a fantastic means of analyzing a sample for which the analytes exhibit a wide range of retentive strengths along the stationary-phase of your preferred column. Gradients are not always accommodating towards buffers when attempting to maintain a specific pH. If the buffer is limited to your aqueous mobile-phase while the organic mobile-phase remains strictly an organic solvent, then the gradient is prone to solubility limitations and inconsistent buffering strength as the ratio of organic solvent increases during the gradient. This may be overcome by applying an even distribution of the buffer towards both the “weak” and “strong” mobile-phases of your method, for which we will review some approaches and examples.How about spiking both the “weak” and “strong” mobile-phases with an acidic or basic additive, such as the formic acid (HCO2H) at 0.1% (v/v)?The spike in both mobile-phases will ideally maintain a consistent level of the additive in the overall mobile-phase as the ratio of “weak” and “strong” mobile-phases alters during the gradient. The shortcomings of such a spike are that the additive may be prone to volatilization from the mobile-phase mixture, while also inducing inconsistent strengths of protonation or deprotonation towards analytes. Perhaps some of us can admit to having been less than precise in our preparation of (v/v) spikes at one time or another. Alternatively, a proper buffer with the corresponding salt for a specific additive will precisely maintain the consistent pH at which it is prepared without the risk of the additive volatilizing.Ammonium formate (NH4HCO2) and ammonium acetate (NH4CH3CO2) buffers are the most amenable towards gradients, as these salts are soluble in methanol, while the corresponding aqueous buffers may be mixed with high ratios of acetonitrile. The necessary buffering strength typically ranges only 5 – 10 mM in each mobile-phase, but compare this with an isocratic method of 60:40 “20 mM buffer”/acetonitrile, for which the buffer concentration relative to the overall mobile-phase is only 12 mM. Figure 1 features an analysis of Mycotoxins on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1514">Kinetex™ Biphenyl</a> with 5 mM ammonium acetate buffers comprising both the aqueous and methanol mobile-phases, and for which the ammonium acetate was dissolved directly in the methanol.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_The_effects_of_gradient_on_buffer_capacity_3_788ba526cf.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: The effects of gradient on buffer capacity: Figure 1 - Mycotoxin Analysis on Kinetex Biphenyl (App ID 21951)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_The_effects_of_gradient_on_buffer_capacity_3_788ba526cf.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="904" height="475">Acetonitrile will need to be mixed with an aqueous buffer of common buffering reagents to maintain the solubility of the buffering salt. Figure 2 features the HILIC-mode analysis of underivatized amino acids on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1542">Biozen™ Glycan</a>, for which a stock buffer of 100 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.1) was spiked into either water or acetonitrile in a 9:1 ratio of solvent/buffer. The resulting mobile phases each featured overall buffer concentrations of 10 mM ammonium formate, allowing the gradient to maintain a consistent overall buffering strength.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_The_effects_of_gradient_on_buffer_capacity_2_bb25c9ae6a.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: The effects of gradient on buffer capacity: Figure 2 - Underivatized Amino Acids on bioZen Glycan (Tech Note 1264)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_The_effects_of_gradient_on_buffer_capacity_2_bb25c9ae6a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="987" height="486">Ammonium fluoride (NH4F) is often included in small amounts (0.1 – 0.2 mM) in the overall mobile-phase to generate highly sensitive fluoride adducts [M+F]- during ESI-negative mode LC/MS, or to encourage the generation of either [M+H]+ or [M+NH4]+ ions in ESI-positive mode. Figure 3 demonstrates the use of a third solvent line by which a 1 mM NH4F buffer is constantly delivered at a ratio of 10% of the overall mobile-phase, corresponding to 0.1 mM in the overall mobile-phase throughout the gradient. Ternary and quaternary pumps facilitate this method, but an initial isocratic hold is recommended at the beginning of the method to accommodate the transferability of the method among instruments. Ternary and quaternary gradients are subject to dwell volumes that are specific to each instrument, and can be a concern even when one of the solvent lines is maintained at a constant percentage of the overall gradient.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_The_effects_of_gradient_on_buffer_capacity_dd2c7475e7.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: The effects of gradient on buffer capacity: Figure 3 - Microcystins on Luna Omega Polar C18 (App ID 23568)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_The_effects_of_gradient_on_buffer_capacity_dd2c7475e7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1071" height="550">Be mindful of solubility considerations when attempting to incorporate either ammonium bicarbonate buffers or phosphate buffers into a gradient, particularly when working with phosphate buffers. These buffers run the risk of precipitation when blended with high percentages of organic solvents, and a solubility study is recommended. Lastly, be sure to include your intended mobile-phase buffer as a portion of your sample diluent to align the pH of your mobile phase, which will benefit the peak shape and reproducibility. Using a gradient where the mobile phase has a consistent buffering strength and pH value will ultimately improve the reproducibility of the LC method.

The effects of gradient on buffer capacity

The latest version of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://mestrelab.com/main-product/mnova?utm_source=adv&amp;utm_medium=labrulez&amp;utm_campaign=june&amp;utm_term=mnova%2016&amp;utm_content=blogpost">Mnova</a> is now available, delivering a powerful set of tools, performance enhancements, and automation capabilities to support and accelerate your analytical workflows.Building on these advancements, Mnova 16 introduces expanded functionalities for NMR, LC/GC-MS, and electronic or vibrational spectroscopy, offering improved ways to process, analyze, and report your analytical data – ensuring greater accuracy, efficiency, and ease of use.<h4>What’s new in Mnova 16?</h4><h5>Discover the Top Features:</h5><ul><li>Enhanced Python Engine – Streamline scripting and automation directly within Mnova.</li><li>Allotrope ASM support – Seamless import/export of NMR data to increase interoperability.</li><li>New Command Palette – Access key functions faster with an intuitive, searchable command bar.</li><li>And more – Explore the full list of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://mestrelab.com/resources-by-product/resources-mnova/top-features-in-mnova-16.html?utm_source=adv&amp;utm_medium=labrulez&amp;utm_campaign=june&amp;utm_term=mnova%2016&amp;utm_content=blogpost">Top Features.</a></li></ul>Mnova 16 also introduces significant updates across plugins and bricks like Mnova NMR, Mgears, Mnova Hub, Chrom Cal, qNMR, and more.<blockquote>Check the full details in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://mestrelab.com/changelog/whats-new-in-mnova-16.html?utm_source=adv&amp;utm_medium=labrulez&amp;utm_campaign=june&amp;utm_term=mnova%2016&amp;utm_content=blogpost">Changelog</a>.</blockquote><h5>Ready to upgrade?</h5><ul><li>Don’t miss out on the latest innovations – visit our website to download <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://mestrelab.com/download?utm_source=adv&amp;utm_medium=labrulez&amp;utm_campaign=june&amp;utm_term=mnova%2016&amp;utm_content=blogpost">Mnova 16</a> and take your workflows to the next level.</li></ul><h5>Not a user yet?&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Try <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://mestrelab.com/evaluate/single?utm_source=adv&amp;utm_medium=labrulez&amp;utm_campaign=june&amp;utm_term=mnova%2016&amp;utm_content=blogpost">Mnova 16 free for 45 days</a> and experience the full potential of our latest release.</li></ul>

Mnova 16 is Live!

Francesco Mazzeo is a PhD candidate at Politecnico di Torino, working within the Innovative, Electric, and Hybrid Vehicles research group. His research focuses on sustainable mobility and fuel cell technologies. As part of his doctoral studies, he collaborates with the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague (UCT Prague), specifically with the Department of Inorganic Technology under the supervision of Associate Professor Martin Paidar and Dr. Martin Prokop. This partnership connects academic research with industrial applications, involving corporate partners such as Eaton, to advance fuel cell research and its implementation in transportation.<h5>Could you provide an overview of your current research at Politecnico di Torino, particularly focusing on your work with the Innovative, Electric, and Hybrid Vehicles research group?</h5>My research at Politecnico di Torino primarily focuses on sustainable mobility through the use of PEM fuel cell systems. Specifically, I am developing innovative health monitoring systems and algorithms for onboard, real-time heavy-duty applications, which require a thorough understanding of fuel cell powertrains and their modeling.<h5>Your master's thesis involved developing a digital twin for Li-ion cell simulation. How has this work influenced your current research, and what advancements have you made since then?</h5>My master’s thesis was instrumental in introducing me to the world of electrochemistry, which immediately fascinated me. In the DISAT labs at Politecnico di Torino, I assembled and tested coin cells, subsequently developing a predictive model of their performance and degradation. This experience not only strengthened my theoretical foundation but also helped me gain a deeper understanding of the internal phenomena governing batteries and electrochemical systems in general.<h5>You have experience as a Testing and Validation Engineer at Maserati, working on the GranTurismo Folgore project. How has this industry experience informed your academic research, especially in the context of sustainable mobility and fuel cell technologies?</h5>My professional experience was crucial in helping me understand how the working environment operates, the steps and challenges involved in executing an ambitious project, and how to effectively manage it through to completion. Additionally, working hands-on with vehicles featuring electric powertrains enabled me to refine and solidify my understanding of how these systems function.<h5>Can you elaborate on your collaboration with Eaton and the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague)? How do these partnerships enhance your research, and what unique perspectives do they bring?</h5>I believe that working closely with an industry partner, if done properly, can greatly enhance a Ph.D. student’s research. With the initial support of Eaton’s engineers, we identified and tackled several issues impeding the commercial adoption of PEMFC systems for heavy-duty applications (e.g., large trucks). This effort led to a new technological concept aimed at extending the lifetime of such systems. Furthermore, thanks to the company’s expertise and resources, we were able to begin testing and collecting experimental data in collaboration with UCTP.<h5>Working under the supervision of Associate Professor Martin Paidar and Dr. Martin Prokop from UCT Prague’s Department of Inorganic Technology, how do their expertise in electrochemistry and fuel cells complement your research objectives?</h5>Associate Professor Paidar and Dr. Prokop are outstanding mentors in the field of electrochemistry and always have the right insights to help me interpret my research findings. Their expertise is invaluable in supporting me to broaden and refine the background knowledge of my doctoral work.<h5>The integration of academic research with industry applications is pivotal in your field. How do you balance theoretical research with practical implementation, particularly in projects involving multiple institutions and corporate partners?</h5>Academia and industry have two different approaches, yet they can, and indeed must, coexist to drive technological progress. In my view, the key lies in maintaining a shared vision and continuously validating theoretical insights against practical benchmarks. By doing so, we ensure that research remains both cutting-edge and commercially viable.<h5>Given your involvement in teaching courses like 'The Future E-Mobility' at Politecnico di Torino, how do you perceive the evolving landscape of electric and hybrid vehicle technologies, and what role do you see yourself playing in this transformation?</h5>I believe that our future will not be dominated by a single technology as it once was. Instead, a variety of powertrain solutions and alternatives will coexist, allowing individuals to choose what best suits their preferences and needs. In this transformation, I see myself as a bridge between research and real-world application: leveraging my background in electrochemistry and system modeling to develop innovative solutions that address both technical challenges (such as energy density, durability, and efficiency) and practical constraints (cost, manufacturability, and infrastructure).<h5>What are the primary challenges you encounter during your reasearch activities, and how do collaborations with institutions like UCT Prague and companies like Eaton help in addressing these challenges?</h5>The primary challenges I encounter in my research stem from the complexity of the systems I study and the need to integrate various scientific disciplines. I often find myself having to address problems that require specialized expertise in very different fields. Collaborations with UCT and Eaton are essential to overcome these challenges. Access to resources, infrastructure, and specialized expertise from these institutions allows me to broaden my knowledge and accelerate progress. Furthermore, it allows me to subject my results to critical review by experts in the field, thus increasing their reliability.<h5>Could you share any recent publications or findings from your research that you find particularly impactful, especially those that have benefited from your international collaborations?</h5>We will present a selection of our work at the SAE World Congress, one of the world’s largest automotive conference, taking place in Detroit, USA, in April 2025. We will discuss some of our key findings, particularly those relevant to heavy-duty applications. Additionally, we are preparing journal publications in collaboration with UCTP.<h5>Looking ahead, what are your aspirations for your research and career?</h5>My first goal is to complete my Ph.D. as successfully as possible. After that, I’m not entirely sure which career path I want to pursue. I’m interested in both continuing in academia and working in industry, and I’ll need to evaluate whatever opportunities come my way.<h5>How did your collaboration with UCT Prague come about, and what motivated you to work with the university?</h5>I learned about UCT Prague during my time at the Eaton European Innovation Center, which had already collaborated with the university. After seeing the high quality of their joint projects and the excellent facilities, I thought it would be the ideal place to spend a research period and advance my doctoral work. I therefore asked the company to put me in touch with Associate Professor Paidar, to whom I proposed several research topics. With their approval, I was warmly welcomed into the research group and given access to their laboratories to carry out my activities.<h5>What has your experience been like working with Associate Professor Paidar and Dr. Prokop as your supervisors? How has their guidance influenced your research?</h5>Associate Professor Paidar and Dr. Prokop have been outstanding mentors. Drawing on their expertise, they guide me in designing the experiments we plan to conduct and offer substantial support in interpreting the results. Working under their supervision has helped me grow professionally and deepen my understanding of electrochemistry.<h5>How do you find the academic and research environment at UCT Prague compared to Politecnico di Torino?</h5>I haven’t taken any classes at UCT, so I can’t speak to the academic aspect. However, from a research perspective, the two universities are quite different and therefore not directly comparable. Politecnico di Torino is much larger in terms of facilities and student population, whereas UCT has smaller laboratories that are nonetheless managed very intelligently and efficiently. Both institutions are excellent, and I believe they rank among the best in Europe in their respective fields, supporting high-level research and producing notable results.<h5>Have you had the chance to engage with other researchers or students at UCT Prague? How have these interactions enriched your work or provided new perspectives?</h5>Yes, I share the lab with other Ph.D. candidates and master’s students. It’s wonderful to be in an environment where everyone is working on related topics, because you can significantly enrich your technical and cultural knowledge through daily interaction, effectively learning at twice the pace.<h5>What do you see as the most valuable aspect of the collaboration between UCT Prague, Politecnico di Torino, and Eaton?</h5>Having had the opportunity to attend three different institutions, I was able to directly observe the working dynamics of each and identify substantial differences between academia and industry, as well as among various research groups. This experience allowed me to acquire a broader and more critical perspective on the diverse approaches to research and work, overcoming the limitations of a too circumscribed context.<h5>Would you recommend UCT Prague as a research destination to other international PhD students? And why?</h5>Yes, I would definitely recommend it to others. The university offers a great environment with plenty of laboratories and hands-on lessons. In addition, Prague is a vibrant, multicultural city that’s wonderful to live in, especially for students.<h5>Looking back on your time in Prague and at UCT Prague, how has this collaboration shaped your personal and professional development?</h5>My first experience abroad, albeit temporary, allowed me to broaden my cultural and linguistic horizons, particularly perfecting my English language skills. Moreover, the time spent at UCT enabled me to deepen my knowledge in the field of electrochemistry and hydrogen, thanks also to the supervision of Associate Professor Paidar and Dr. Prokop, who have provided me with valuable guidance in the use of non-invasive characterization techniques.<h5>Living and working in Prague as part of your collaboration, what aspects of the city and Czech culture have stood out to you?</h5>I’ve found Prague to be a fascinating place to live and work. The architecture is breathtaking, and I’ve also enjoyed exploring local cuisine, especially dishes like svíčková and medovnik. The city is very clean and safe, and its public transportation system is exceptionally efficient, making it easy to get around for both work and leisure.

Francesco Mazzeo in collaboration triangle: UCT Prague, Politecnico di Torino and Eaton

In recent years, furniture made from wooden pallets—whether for gardens or homes—has gained significant popularity. The reason is clear: pallets are inexpensive, widely available, environmentally recyclable, and aesthetically appealing. However, few people realize that not all pallets are safe for home or garden use - primarily due to the chemical treatments they undergo for international shipping. What chemicals are used in treating pallets? What effects do they have? <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">Watrex Praha</a> has prepared an article to help you recognize potentially dangerous ones.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_uvod_fab3b90196.jpg" alt="Watrex Praha: Chemical Analyses Warn: Pallet Furniture May Contain Toxic Substances" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_uvod_fab3b90196.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="900">At first glance, pallets may appear to be simple wooden materials. In reality, it’s more complicated. Pallets primarily serve as transport packaging that must withstand mold, insects, moisture, and chemical sprays. To ensure hygiene during international transport, they are subject to the ISPM 15 standard, which dictates the treatment of the wood: either heat treatment (HT) or fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). The latter can leave harmful chemical residues in the wood.<h4>Chemicals Used in Pallet Treatment&nbsp;</h4>One of the most problematic substances is methyl bromide (MB), a pesticide previously used extensively. It is neurotoxic and negatively affects the respiratory system, eyes, and nervous system. It has long been banned in the EU, but older pallets may still contain it. In addition, pallets may be contaminated by other chemicals absorbed during the transport of industrial materials or liquid products. Contamination can be localized (e.g., oil stains) or widespread due to the absorption of volatile substances.&nbsp;<h5>Toxicology:&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Neurotoxic: Affects the central nervous system, may cause headaches, seizures, confusion, and in extreme cases, death.&nbsp;</li><li>Mutagenic and Carcinogenic: Long-term exposure is suspected of genotoxic effects.&nbsp;</li><li>Ecotoxic: A potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance (banned by the Montreal Protocol).&nbsp;</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important!&nbsp;</h5>Pallets marked with the code "MB" (e.g., “HT DB MB”) should not be considered safe —the wood may still contain methyl bromide residues.</blockquote><h4>Formaldehyde, Toluene, and Heavy Metals&nbsp;</h4>Used pallets may be painted with coatings that pose additional risks (allergic reactions, skin and mucous membrane irritation, chronic health problems from prolonged exposure, and release of volatile organic compounds).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_2_8545eddf39.jpg" alt="Watrex Praha: Chemical Analyses Warn: Pallet Furniture May Contain Toxic Substances" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_2_8545eddf39.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="900"><h5>Formaldehyde&nbsp;</h5>Formaldehyde is a simple aldehyde found in many materials used in furniture production. In pallets, it may be present due to industrial paints, adhesives, or preservatives. It is a pungent-smelling gas and a proven carcinogen (IARC Group 1). It is released at room temperature and prolonged exposure can cause mucosal irritation, headaches, asthma symptoms, and, in extreme cases, neurological disorders.<h5>Toluene&nbsp;</h5>Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon commonly found in glues, paints, and solvents. It may enter pallets through chemical cargo or surface treatments. Inhalation affects the central nervous system: short-term exposure may cause euphoria, drowsiness, and disorientation; long-term exposure can impair memory, concentration, and behavior.<h5>Heavy Metals</h5>Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, or chromium may be present in pallets due to old industrial coatings. These metals are persistent and toxic: lead damages the nervous system, cadmium accumulates in the kidneys and is carcinogenic, and chromium (especially Cr VI) is highly irritating and toxic. The danger lies in their release into dust or food when in contact with pallet wood.&nbsp;<h4>How to Recognize a Safe Pallet&nbsp;</h4>The key indicator is the marking according to ISPM 15. Look for burned-in or stamped codes:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_3_4344832d6e.jpg" alt="Watrex Praha: How to recognize a safe pallet" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_3_4344832d6e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="900">Pallets that are unmarked, heavily soiled, painted with unknown substances, or have a strong chemical odor are **not** suitable for furniture making. Ideally, a pallet should be clean, dry, unpainted, and marked “HT.”&nbsp;<h4>Summary for DIYers and Designers&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Use only pallets marked “HT.”&nbsp;</li><li>Avoid unmarked pallets or those with obvious stains, oil spots, or paint.</li><li>Before use:&nbsp;<ul><li>Thoroughly clean and sand the pallet,&nbsp;</li><li>Treat it with an eco-friendly varnish or wax suitable for indoor/outdoor use.&nbsp;</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Pallet furniture can be a beautiful and eco-friendly solution - if you pay attention to the origin and treatment of the wood. Chemicals used in the transport of wooden pallets pose a real risk—to both human health and the environment. Awareness of pallet markings and their treatments is the key to safe home use. So next time you’re sanding down a pallet, make sure you know what you’re working with.&nbsp;<blockquote>For more interesting information, visit our website <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">www.watrex.com</a>.</blockquote>

Chemical Analyses Warn: Pallet Furniture May Contain Toxic Substances

LC-MS-based metabolomics for detecting adulteration in Tribulus terrestris-derived dietary supplements

In the week of June 9, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Separation Science/SCIEX: Quantitative and Qualitative Solutions for Large-Panel Pesticide Assays using SCIEX Triple Quad and QTRAP Systems</h5><ul><li>Tuesday, June 10, 2025, 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5204">Registration</a></li></ul>Explore different quantitative and qualitative strategies for the analysis of large pesticide panels in complex food and beverage matrices like tea and fruit juices.<h5>2. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Mastering Charged Aerosol Detection: Comprehensive Technical Insights</h5><ul><li>Tuesday, June 10, 2025, 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5231">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how Charged Aerosol Detection can enhance scientific innovation and elevate your laboratory's analytical capabilities.<h5>3. Shimadzu Corporation: Unifying Data, Automating Analysis: Introducing The New LabSolutions CS</h5><ul><li>Wednesday, June 11, 2025, 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5235">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover Shimadzu’s new LabSolutions CS: a centralized, web-based platform for automated testing, data capture, and real-time monitoring to boost lab efficiency and compliance.<h5>4. Phenomenex: Optimizing Peptide Mapping Chromatographic Separation</h5><ul><li>Wednesday, June 11, 2025, 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5182">Registration</a></li></ul>Gain a clear understanding of critical attributes to consider when selecting a column for peptide mapping.<h5>5. Waters Corporation: Waters 2025 LC Symposium - Day 1 - Addressing Analytical Challenges in Advanced Therapeutics</h5><ul><li>Wednesday, June 11, 2025, 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5205">Registration</a></li></ul>Join experts as they discuss advanced LC strategies for complex therapeutics including SEC, Slalom Chromatography, and coupling LC with MS/MALS for biopharma characterization.<h5>6. Separation Science: Choosing the Correct Ionisation Technique for Successful Mass Spectrometry Experiments</h5><ul><li>Wednesday, June 11, 2025, 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5180">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how to select the most suitable ionisation technique for your analyte and application to ensure accurate and reliable MS results.<h5>7. Agilent Technologies: The New Agilent Seahorse XF Flex Analyzer Takes Real Time Metabolic Analysis to the Third Dimension</h5><ul><li>Wednesday, June 11, 2025, 18:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5236">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how Agilent’s Seahorse XF Flex analyzer enhances metabolic research in 3D models, with insights into assay optimization, data quality, and precision in organoids and tissue studies.<h5>8. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Live from the Lab: Solutions for Omics Research</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 12, 2025, 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5115">Registration</a></li></ul>Expand your knowledge, network with experts, and discover how Thermo Scientific Orbitrap technology supports the power of omics research.<h5>9. Altium International/Agilent Technologies: Is 2D-LC the answer to highest resolution and more peak capacity?</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 12, 2025, 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5248">Registration</a></li></ul>Boost your separations with 2DLC for faster, higher-resolution analysis with improved peak capacity and sensitivity—ideal for pharma, natural products, polymers, and forensic science.<h5>10. Separation Science/SCIEX: Expect the Unexpected – Climate Change and Emerging Mycotoxins in Cereals and Toddler Foods</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 12, 2025, 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5216">Registration</a></li></ul>Explore a study that developed a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method to detect multiple regulated and emerging mycotoxins in global cereals.<h5>11. Evosep Biosystems: Evosep Eno: A New Era of Speed, Scale and Robustness</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 12, 2025, 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5218">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how Evosep Eno simplifies workflows and supports labs of all sizes with improved speed, scale, and robustness.<h5>12. Waters Corporation: Waters 2025 LC Symposium - Day 2 - GLP-1 Analog Development: Purification, Characterization, Release Testing</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 12, 2025, 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5206">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how LC and LC-UV/MS streamline peptide drug analysis. Experts from Neopharm Labs and Waters share case studies on purifying and profiling GLP-1 analogs like semaglutide and tirzepatide.

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 24/2025

Clarity 10.1 expands calibration capabilities to help you work more confidently and efficiently. From clearer guidance and better warnings to flexible internal standard evaluation, this update streamlines calibration development, improves traceability, and supports compliance where it matters most.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_10_1_397aba9bab.jpg" alt="DataApex: Clarity 10.1 released" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_10_1_397aba9bab.jpg 143w," sizes="100vw" width="849" height="925"><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.cz/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/P063_Clarity_10_1_New_Features_283323fcd2.pdf">Clarity 10.1 highlights</a></h4><ul><li>ISTD from a different signal</li><li>Determination Coefficient (R2)</li><li>Enhanced calibration warnings and blank handling</li><li>Electronic Signature improvements</li><li>New and updated control modules</li></ul><h5>Internal standard from another signal</h5>Clarity 10.1 introduces support for evaluating results using an internal standard from a different signal within the same chromatogram. This is especially useful for workflows like ICP-MS, where some signals may lack an ISTD peak.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Internal_standard_from_another_signal_2f2ac068f8.jpg" alt="DataApex: Internal standard from another signal" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Internal_standard_from_another_signal_2f2ac068f8.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><h5>Determination Coefficient (R²)</h5>Clarity now displays the Determination Coefficient (R²) alongside the Correlation Coefficient in each compound's calibration curve tab.Determination Coefficient (R²) gives you a more accurate view of how well your calibration model fits the data - especially valuable during method development and validation.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Determination_Coefficient_57673d0ac3.jpg" alt="DataApex: Determination Coefficient" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Determination_Coefficient_57673d0ac3.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><h5>Enhanced calibration warnings and blank handling</h5>Clarity 10.1 helps you catch issues earlier and set up calibration with greater confidence. Warnings are now more visible and more specific - appearing above both the Results Table and the Calibration Summary Table. When multiple issues occur, an ellipsis appears with full details available on hover.Blank handling has also been clarified: blanks are included only when Ignore Origin is selected. If the origin is used, blanks are excluded, and Clarity now clearly warns and visually shows when a blank is ignored.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Dataapex_Enhanced_calibration_warnings_and_blank_handling_e9fe7fa31e.jpg" alt="Dataapex: Enhanced calibration warnings and blank handling" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Dataapex_Enhanced_calibration_warnings_and_blank_handling_e9fe7fa31e.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><h5>Signature improvements</h5>Clarity 10.1 improves how signatures are handled, making it easier to understand what is and isn't signed. Chromatograms opened with a linked calibration are always marked Not Signed. Once signed, the mode switches to Stored Calibration, so you always see the final, signed result. Even historical versions now reliably show their signature state and details.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Dataapex_Signature_improvements_a2bebe7875.jpg" alt="Dataapex: Signature improvements" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Dataapex_Signature_improvements_a2bebe7875.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><blockquote>Explore the complete list of all changes, fixes, and additions in version 10.1.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1">See the complete changelog</a></blockquote>

Clarity Chromatography Software 10.1 released!

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 9th June 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Oligonucleotides Using Ion-Pairing Alternatives on the Agilent Pro iQ Plus</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.cz/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_oligonucleotide_analysis_pro_iq_plus_5994_8337en_agilent_87863ea5c1.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Oligonucleotides are an emerging therapeutic modality that target and modulate gene expression through the silencing or degradation of mRNA. Once an mRNA target is identified, the antisense sequence must be optimized with strategically incorporated chemical modifications to improve pharmacokinetics1 , affinity, and minimize off-targeting or mismatching.2&nbsp;Ion-pair reversed-phase LC/MS is commonly used to confirm the molecular weights of target oligo sequences to ensure proper synthesis. However, using alkylamines as ion-pairing agents often requires dedicated instrumentation. Furthermore, toxic and cost-prohibitive perfluorinated alcohols such as HFIP (hexafluoroisopropanol) are required for optimal chromatographic separation and MS sensitivity.&nbsp;In this application, an alternative reversed-phase approach was used for molecular confirmation of oligonucleotides. The method used ammonium bicarbonate instead of ion pairing, while still providing sufficient chromatographic retention and MS sensitivity. Twenty replicate injections of three different antisense oligonucleotides and five replicates of a single siRNA were performed to ensure the applicability and reproducibility of the method.<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4><h5>Instrument configuration&nbsp;</h5>This experiment was conducted using the following instrument configuration:<ul><li>Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=InfinityLab+Pro+iQ+Plus+LC%2FMS">InfinityLab Pro iQ Plus LC/MS</a> system (G6170A)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent Infinity II 1290 bio binary pump (G7120A)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent Infinity II 1290 bio multisampler (G7167B)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent Infinity II 1290 bio column compartment (G7116B)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent Infinity II 1260 diode array detector HS (G7117C)&nbsp;</li></ul>Although this analysis used an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=Infinity+II+LC">Infinity II LC</a> configuration, comparable results can be achieved on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=Infinity+III+LC">Infinity III LC</a> system with no changes to method parameters.<h4>Results and discussion</h4>Established in 1997, an alkylamine ion pair with perfluorinated alcohol as the acidic modifier is the preferred mobile phase for LC/MS analysis of oligonucleotides.3 This is due to its chromatographic performance and electrospray efficiency, especially when compared to mobile phases using acetate as the counter ion. Extensive work has further demonstrated a wide experimental design space when using this powerful ion-pairing system.4&nbsp;However, there are consequences when using alkylamine and HFIP for LC/MS methods. First, optimization of buffer components is necessary since oligo modifications and sequence affect electrospray desorption and chromatography.5 Second, alkylamine may contaminate ionization sources and LC systems, leading to background peaks if polarity is switched back to positive mode. Consequently, this requires extensive cleaning/passivation of LC components and ion source surfaces. Even then, some labs may dedicate systems to negative mode due to the adsorption of alkylamines onto the LC/MS system. Finally, alkylamine-containing mobile phases have a short shelf life if not kept sealed under argon gas, and thus, mobile phases must be made fresh, sometimes daily, to ensure consistent method performance.&nbsp;For labs performing molecular weight confirmation workflows where many oligos are analyzed, optimizing mobile phase conditions may not be feasible. Additionally, LC/MS downtime due to instrument maintenance and daily preparation of buffers may lead to sample backlogs, which for many labs can be a considerable challenge. A more practical approach would be to use a non-ion-pairing, reversed-phase methodology.&nbsp;Recent work provides a more practical and cost-effective alternative to ion pairs, using an ammonium bicarbonate (NH4 HCO3) buffer and methanol as the strong solvent.6 This is an advantageous method for molecular weight confirmation, as ESI sensitivity and chromatographic performance are sufficient, even with minimal optimization of the mobile phase and gradient. Further, this referenced work postulates that carbon dioxide outgassing facilitates droplet formation, while ammonia evaporation contributes to proton adduction, thus allowing for positive mode analysis. This, therefore, eliminates the need to dedicate a system for negative mode analysis.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The method described in this application note provides a practical approach for medium- to high-throughput molecular confirmation of synthetic oligonucleotides. The Agilent Pro iQ Plus demonstrates excellent resolution and sensitivity for a unit mass detector, even at high m/z ranges that exceed the capabilities of many single quadrupole detectors. The method uses a novel ammonium bicarbonate mobile phase, providing sufficient LC/MS performance for labs analyzing many types of oligos, including antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs. LC and MS results described in this application note are reproducible. Data analysis workflows are simplified using Agilent OpenLab CDS MS spectral deconvolution, which is automated by unattended processing methods that require minimal optimization.<h3>2. Shimadzu: One System, Multiple Solutions: Analysis of PFAS &amp; Cyanotoxins in Water Adhering to EPA 537.1, 544, and 545&nbsp;</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.cz/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_02_ssi_176_en_792c78f426.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>User Benefits<ul><li>A single Shimadzu LCMS-8060RX triple quadrupole mass spectrometer can successfully quantitate both PFAS and cyanotoxins in water with automatic method switching.</li><li>With only a five-minute rinsing time between methods, the system maintains high accuracy and sensitivity over an extended run time, even with multiple injections and method changes.</li><li>This single system approach allows laboratories to respond swiftly to emergencies, like Harmful Algae Blooms, while minimizing disruption to routine PFAS testing and eliminating the need to invest in multiple instruments.</li></ul>Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals extensively used in consumer products (e.g., food packaging materials and non-stick coatings) and industrial applications such as firefighting foams and polymer/plastics manufacturing. Their remarkable properties, including high stability and resistance to degradation, coupled with widespread usage, have led to their persistent accumulation in the environment. Consequently, regulatory and governmental organizations, including the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)1, are working to restrict their presence in the environment.&nbsp;In the United States, EPA Method 537.1 is one of the approved methods by EPA for the analysis of PFAS in drinking water. It targets 18 compounds, utilizing solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for detection at low ng/L concentrations2. EPA Method 533 is the only other EPAapproved method for PFAS analysis in drinking water. It follows a workflow similar to that of EPA Method 537.1 but expands the target list to include 25 PFAS compounds3.&nbsp;PFAS is not the only concern—other contaminants in drinking water can also pose significant health risks. Cyanobacteria, also referred to as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic organisms that thrive in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. The frequency and occurrence of Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) have risen substantially over the years, primarily due to human-induced inputs of phosphorus and nitrogen into aquatic systems, fueling the global increase in harmful algal blooms. These organisms can significantly affect water quality by producing cyanotoxins such as cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a and microcystins. Exposure to these cyanotoxins can cause a range of adverse health effects in humans and animals, from mild skin irritations to severe illnesses4.&nbsp;The US EPA has established Methods 544 and 545 as analytical protocols for detecting cyanotoxins in drinking water and freshwater. EPA Method 544 is designed to detect microcystins and nodularin5, while EPA Method 545 targets cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a 6. Both methods employ liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) for precise analysis.Ideally, separate instruments should be dedicated to analyzing PFAS and cyanotoxins to minimize the risk of contamination and interference. However, with the growing demand for water testing and rapid turn-around-times during emergencies that may alter routine testing, a single system capable of handling multiple methods offers a more costeffective solution. This application demonstrates the accurate and robust quantification of PFAS and cyanotoxins, performed in accordance with EPA Methods 537.1, 545, and 544, using a single Shimadzu LCMS-8060RX triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with automatic method switching.<h4>Method</h4>System configuration: A Shimadzu <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=LCMS-8060RX">LCMS-8060RX</a> triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Figure 1) was used to quantify the PFAS and cyanotoxins in water. The front-end liquid chromatography (LC) system was configured with the Shimadzu LC-40 series, ensuring seamless automation, method switching, and high efficiency. Key modules include three degassers (one 3-channel and two 5-channel), two LC40 solvent pumps equipped with low-pressure gradient (LPGE) modules, an autosampler, a system controller, a column oven with two column switching valves (one 6-port, 2-position valve and one 7-port, 6-position valve).PFAS contamination can originate from solvent containers and consumables used in the LC system. To minimize background interference, a delay column is implemented before the autosampler to separate background PFAS from target analytes.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This study demonstrates the successful quantification of PFAS (EPA 537.1) and cyanotoxins, including microcystins and nodularin (EPA 544) as well as cylindrospermopsin and anatoxin-a (EPA 545), using a single triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with automatic method switching. By leveraging this streamlined approach, we achieved precise and reliable measurements while maintaining high accuracy and sensitivity across extended analytical runs, even with multiple injections and frequent method transitions.&nbsp;A key advantage of this approach is the efficient switching between analytical methods with only a five-minute rinse between methods. This ensures complete removal of residual analytes and prevents mobile phase contamination, allowing smooth transitions between PFAS and cyanotoxin analysis without compromising data quality. The rapid automatic rinsing process eliminates the need for extensive manual intervention, reducing instrument downtime and increasing overall laboratory productivity.&nbsp;By consolidating multiple analytical methods into a single instrument, this approach minimizes the need for separate systems, thereby reducing both capital investment and maintenance costs. This single system enables laboratories with the capability to respond quickly to emergencies, such as HABs, without major disruption of their routine testing, for PFAS and potentially other organic contaminants. Furthermore, automation significantly enhances operational efficiency by minimizing manual labor requirements, improving reproducibility, and optimizing high-throughput sample analysis. This method provides a cost-effective and reliable solution for laboratories performing environmental monitoring and regulatory compliance testing.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Comprehensive screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in textiles: Utilizing combustion ion chromatography for total organic fluorine (TOF) analysis</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.cz/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_003571_ic_Integrion_fluoride_textiles_an003571_na_en_8643b1e42a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used globally across various industries and comprise thousands of individual compounds. These amphipathic substances are extensively incorporated into textile-based products, such as clothing, carpets, and other household items to provide waterproofing, oil, dirt, and heat protection, as well as increased durability. PFAS can be released from functional textiles according to an outdoor aging study.1 The Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) has found that treated textiles and leathers are major sources of PFAS exposure for people and the environment, particularly through inhalation when using these products. PFAS also contribute to widespread environmental contamination, similar to other consumer products like food packaging and cosmetics.2Traditionally, PFAS testing has been conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ). While LC-QQQ is a targeted analytical technique, its results are limited to compounds for which standards are available. Consequently, these targeted studies do not necessarily provide a comprehensive measurement of the total PFAS in samples. Recently, laboratories have focused on developing and validating lower-cost alternatives that offer a more comprehensive measure of total PFAS content. This has led to the development of several methods for measuring total fluorine (TF) as a proxy for total PFAS contamination in textiles. Technologies employed in these methods include combustion ion chromatography (CIC)5 and particle-induced γ-ray emission spectroscopy (PIGE).6 However, measuring only TF is not a reliable proxy for PFAS, as it includes both organic and inorganic fluorine, the latter of which is not considered PFAS. Using TF as a measure of PFAS may result in overestimating the amount of PFAS in samples.&nbsp;California AB 1817 introduces a new methodology for testing PFAS contamination or intentional use of PFAS in fabrics based on the amount of TOF in the sample. This is a significant change from previous approaches, employing a non-specific untargeted method to PFAS detection and quantification. In this study, we developed a method to determine TOF in textiles using CIC. CIC offers excellent sensitivity and versatility, independent of sample thickness, and the capability for direct ion chromatography (IC) analysis to determine inorganic fluorine (IF).<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4><h5>Equipment&nbsp;</h5>A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/408">Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Integrion™ HPIC™ System</a> (P/N 22153-60306) including:&nbsp;<ul><li>Eluent generator&nbsp;</li><li>Pump&nbsp;</li><li>Degasser&nbsp;</li><li>Conductivity detector&nbsp;</li><li>Column oven temperature control&nbsp;</li><li>Detector-suppressor compartment temperature control&nbsp;</li></ul>Nittoseiko Automatic Combustion Unit Model AQF–2100H system* including:&nbsp;<ul><li>Automatic Sample Changer ASC-270LS&nbsp;</li><li>Horizontal Furnace Model HF-210&nbsp;</li><li>Gas Absorption Unit GA-211&nbsp;</li><li>External Solution Selector ES-210&nbsp;</li><li>*Any combustion oven with equivalent performance will work.</li></ul><h5>Software&nbsp;</h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76">Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</a> Version 7.3 1 with DDK driver to control the combustion system</li></ul><h4>Results and discussion</h4><h5>TOF in textile samples by CIC</h5>The TF in a sample is defined as the sum of TIF and TOF. In this study, TOF was determined by subtraction of TIF from TF. After combusting the solid sample, TF was measured using IC. High concentrations of TF (&gt;100 ppm) were observed in five of the six samples tested (Table 2).&nbsp;TIF was measured using IC after extracting the ground textile samples with DI water. The contribution of TIF to TF was found to be very small (&lt;1 ppm) as shown in Table 2. Even after subtracting TIF, the TOF remained above 100 ppm for five of the samples. Therefore, the five samples did not meet the regulatory limit of 100 ppm TOF set by the state of California.3&nbsp;Figure 5 shows the IC chromatograms of TF and TIF of Sample #1. Fluoride is well separated from other anions that may be present in samples, allowing for accurate determination.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>We developed a sensitive and accurate method using CIC to determine TOF in textiles. The method offers a detection limit of 0.37 ppm, which is significantly lower than the regulatory threshold of 100 ppm, ensuring reliable detection of PFAS. Spiked recovery experiments show the method’s accuracy falls within a range of 85–105%. This TOF method is beneficial for manufacturers who want to ensure compliance with current state regulations. Moreover, the CIC workflow provides a more comprehensive understanding of the total PFAS and fluorinated content in textiles compared to LC-MS targeted approaches, offering greater clarity about the potential PFAS contamination in textiles.

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 24, 2025

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Events

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Poster

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Environment

Food

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PFAS 

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Since 1991 DataApex develops and manufactures chromatography data stations. DataApex is constantly striving to provide users with efficient and up-to-date tools for chromatography data processing.

DataApex

The University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague is a natural centre of first-rate study and research in the area of chemistry in Czechia and is one of the country's largest educational and research institutions focused on technical chemistry, chemical and biochemical technologies, material and chemical engineering, food chemistry, and environmental studies.

UCT Prague

A unique company dedicated to serving science helping our customers drive productivity and accelerate results. Through our premier brands – Thermo Scientific, Applied Biosystems, Invitrogen, Fisher Scientific and Unity Lab Services.

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

LabRulez

SciY, a vendor-agnostic Bruker BioSpin division, drives R&D and manufacturing digitalization and automation. Its harmonized solutions cover experiment design, data management, analysis, automation, and AI readiness, empowering next-generation self-driving labs and factories.

SciY/Mestrelab Research

Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

WATREX Prague is the distributor and producer of HPLC techniques in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Main Chromatografic and Related Techniques Supported: LC, GPC, IC, IEC, Automated SPE, LC Columns and special column packings, LC method development, Software development, Laboratory Robots.

The effects of gradient on buffer capacity

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 24, 2025

Clarity Chromatography Software 10.1 released!

Live from the Lab: Solutions for Omics Research (4) - Prof. Celia Berkers (Universiteit Utrecht)

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 24/2025

LC-MS-based metabolomics for detecting adulteration in Tribulus terrestris-derived dietary supplements

Francesco Mazzeo in collaboration triangle: UCT Prague, Politecnico di Torino and Eaton

Chemical Analyses Warn: Pallet Furniture May Contain Toxic Substances

Mnova 16 is Live!

How long will it take to evaporate your samples in a nitrogen evaporator?

Upcoming events

Bruker at SOFT-TIAFT 2026

Thermo Fisher Scientific at SOFT/TIAFT 2026

Thermo Fisher Scientific Environmental & Food Safety Workshop Series 2026

Webinars

Extending the power of LC MS/MS: advanced workflows with QTRAP®

Improving Efficiency in Routine PFAS Analysis Using EPA Methods 533 and 1633A

Expanding the Evidence: New Data for More Reliable PFAS Analysis