Dear friends and fans of mass spectrometry,
The history of a method for studying of matter known as mass spectrometry dates back more than a century. The foundations have mostly been laid by physics studying discharges in gases. After about five decades mass spectrometry entered the domain of chemistry and evolved into an excellent tool for studying the structure of chemical compounds. Recently we are witnessing its expansion into the field of cellular, molecular, and structural biology. The technology of mass spectrometry developed immensely over the time. Let us take a tour into the history and learn about the past technologies. Let us explore the state-of-art mass spectrometry.
A technical museum focused on unique and significant part of science, the Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry will display and explain laboratory instrumentation that encompasses physics, chemistry, engineering and informatics and combines them into a device that contributes to many parts of our daily life.
Czech and English speaking visitors will have an opportunity to learn about the principles and applications of mass spectrometry, its history, and important scientists including Nobel price winners, while experiencing a remarkable collection of mass spectrometers. Founded by mass spectrometry enthusiasts Jaroslav Pol (Thermo Scientific) and Josef Cvacka (Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry) and sponsored by Frantisek Turecek (University of Washington, Seattle), the Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry is now being assembled and will open in Prague in 2017. Donations of mass spectrometry artifacts are gratefully appreciated; those willing to contribute please contact the curators.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/d3e7627196634c0a8fa129f95fef6edd/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry"/>
<h3>Mass spectrometry</h3>
Study of matter through the formation of gas-phase ions that are characterized using mass spectrometers by their mass, charge, structure, and/or physico-chemical properties.
<h3>Mass Analyzers</h3>
<h5>Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance</h5>
Mass spectrometer based on the principle of ion cyclotron resonance in which an ion in a magnetic field moves in a circular orbit at the cyclotron frequency that is characteristic of its m/z value. Ions are coherently excited to a larger radius orbit using a pulse of radio frequency electric field, and their image charge is detected on receiver plates as a time domain signal. Fourier transformation of the time domain signal results in a frequency domain signal that is converted to a mass spectrum based on the inverse relationship between cyclotron frequency and m/z.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/1628c6d87adf47538f70c2d7ce971db9/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Ion Trap</h5>
Device for spatially confining ions using electric and magnetic fields alone or in combination.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/bcc0887a778f4df29f488bcd87ce8718/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Linear Ion Trap</h5>
Two-dimensional Paul ion trap in which ions are confined in the axial dimension by means of a static electric potential.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/6d35a6cdb4ee4baa95ad2d831b20db19/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Orbitrap</h5>
Ion trapping device that consists of an outer barrel-like electrode and a coaxial inner spindle-like elec- trode that form an electrostatic 
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/4c8de0a71fef446fa44829e9d37c8b62/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Sector</h5>
Device that produces a magnetic field perpendicular to a charged particle beam that deflects the beam to an extent that is proportional to the ratio of particle momentum and charge.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/240ae6e09cb443508bf7dce8309b2928/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Time of Flight</h5>
Mass spectrometer that separates ions by m/z in a field-free region after acceleration through a fixed accelerating potential. Ions of the same initial translational energy and different m/z require different times to traverse a given distance in the field-free region.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/0d0eaa3a8aa544d1abcca833a9e6e9ae/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Triple Quadrupole</h5>
Tandem mass spectrometer comprising two transmission quadrupole mass spectrometers in series, with a (non-selecting) RF-only quadrupole (or other multipole) between them to act as a collision cell.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/b6e4bd36ccb44cd8a93e84353b28a357/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h3>Ion Sources</h3>
<h5>Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization</h5>
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is chemical ionization of a sample that is a gas or nebulized liquid, using an atmospheric pressure corona discharge or beta emitter such as 63Ni.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/d562c1ce1a9f43c78d8a93a2c6c43932/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Atmospheric pressure photoionization</h5>
Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is direct ionization of molecules at atmospheric pressure by electron detachment induced by photons forming M+•, or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in which the reactant ions are generated by photoionization of suitable dopant species and subsequent ion/molecule reactions of their molecular ions.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/828a17ec377a4313bdd59f9275192e87/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Desorption electrospray ionization</h5>
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is formation of gas-phase ions from a solid or liquid sample at atmospheric pressure through the inter- action of electrosprayed droplets with the sample surface.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/86624af57b96403586bd27b3bafccec3/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Electrospray ionization</h5>
Electrospray ionization (ESI) is spray ionization process in which either cations or anions in solution are transferred to the gas phase via formation and desolvation at atmospheric pressure of a stream of highly charged droplets that result from applying a potential difference between the tip of the electrospray needle containing the solution and a counter electrode.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/673ec39a73b64561805cf60670486635/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Fast atom bombardment ionization</h5>
Fast atom bombardment ionization (FAB) is ionization of molecules initiated by a beam of neutral atoms with translational energies in the keV range. Labile molecules susceptible to dissociation are dissolved in an involatile liquid matrix that absorbs the energy of the bombarding atoms to form a selvedge region above the liquid surface in which ionization of the molecules occurs.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/afda171085f54f6e856bc930cf873fca/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization</h5>
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is formation of gas-phase ions from molecules present in a solid or liquid matrix that is irradiated with a laser. The matrix is a material that absorbs the laser energy and promotes ionization.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/39f899169e27496f938621f0d25a0f12/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>
<h5>Secondary ion mass spectrometry</h5>
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is technique in which a focused beam of primary ions produces secondary ions by sputtering from a solid surface. The secondary ions are analyzed by mass spectrometry.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/fd584fd784ab4c5197b461de5c42c5ee/obrazek.png" alt="The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry/Martin Strohalm"/>

The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry

The origins of mass spectrometry in Czechia date back to the 1950s when a group of young scientists in the newly founded Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences started to build the first mass spectrometer in the country. Over the years, mass spectrometry gradually developed and gained in importance. The conference will explore the history, status and perspectives of mass spectrometry. It will mark the opening of the Czech Mass Spectrometry Museum and contribute to celebrations of 70th anniversary of mass spectrometry in our region.
<h3>Organizing institutions</h3>
<a href="https://gcms.cz/companies/22">ÚOCHB/IOCB PRAGUE</a>
<a href="https://gcms.cz/companies/21">Czech Society for Mass Spectrometry/Česká společnost pro hmotnostní spektrometrii</a>
<a href="https://gcms.cz/companies/7">Ioannes Marcus Marci Spectroscopic Society/Spektroskopická společnost Jana Marka Marci</a>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/03cce7b42575402eb5c91750579dec76/obrazek.png" alt="ÚOCHB/IOCB PRAGUE - Czech Society for Mass Spectrometry/Česká společnost pro hmotnostní spektrometrii - Ioannes Marcus Marci Spectroscopic Society/Spektroskopická společnost Jana Marka Marci"/>
<h3>Conference program</h3>
Available on <a href="http://ms-prague2020.uochb.cas.cz/program.php">Prague Meeting on Historical Perspectives of Mass Spectrometry website</a>
<h3>Venue</h3>
The conference will take place in three localities in Prague districts Dejvice and Bubeneč: National Library of Technology (lectures), Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS (vernissage tours), and Old Wastewater Treatment Plant (poster session &amp; dinner).
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/0827c374acec4191b3ff1610c02ae928/obrazek.png" alt="ÚOCHB/IOCB PRAGUE: Prague Meeting on Historical Perspectives of Mass Spectrometry"/>
<h3>Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry</h3>
The museum aims to collect and display artifacts related to mass spectrometry, especially those associated with our geographical region. The technical museum shows key components of mass spectrometers used in the past and in contemporary laboratory practice, and it also displays historical documents, photographs, books, etc. The museum&#39;s mission is expressed in two words: education and inspiration. It demonstrates technologies hidden behind the cover and inside the vacuum systems, thus allowing a better understanding how the mass spectrometers actually work. Displayed technical solutions, prototypes, ideas, and stories can be inspiring for students, scientists, and designers of instruments.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/8619b6eab01a4ec18b531bf1a7d20dff/obrazek.png" alt="ÚOCHB/IOCB PRAGUE: Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry"/>
<h3>Exhibition</h3>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/3bc183e590444d81a74ce5538a9b5b59/obrazek.png" alt="ÚOCHB/IOCB PRAGUE: Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry"/>
<h3>Website</h3>
The <a href="http://www.ms-museum.org/">website</a> will store the museum database with a detailed description of exhibits and bring topics from MS history.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c4771b1119d84181929ea3cd97c56e76/obrazek.png" alt="ÚOCHB/IOCB PRAGUE: Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry"/>
<h3>Donations</h3>
The Czech Museum of Mass Spectrometry welcomes donations to its collection: instruments or their parts (broken, damaged, unused), and documents, photographs or books related to MS history.

Prague Meeting on Historical Perspectives of Mass Spectrometry and  the Czech Mass Spectrometry Museum

In the week from September 14, 2020, the following webinars await you in the field of LC and LCMS:
Mo, 14.9.2020, 17:00 (CEST - Prague) (LCGC/Phenomenex)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/323">Practical Method Development Strategies for the Characterization of Proteins by Intact and Subunit Reversed Phase HPLC</a></li>
</ul>
Mo, 14.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Agilent Technologies)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/303">MassHunter User Group Meeting: Parameters for Sensitive and Rugged Data Acquisition</a></li>
</ul>
Tu, 15.9.2020, 11:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/286">Moving forward webinar part 1 - remote instrument service</a></li>
</ul>
Tu, 15.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Phenomenex)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/320">Role of Column Morphology, Bonded Phase in RP Chromatography</a></li>
</ul>
Tu, 15.9.2020, 17:00 (CEST - Prague) (LCGC/Waters)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/301">Advancing N-Glycan Analysis of Next Generation Biotherapeutics with Optimized Protocols and Easy Automation</a></li>
</ul>
Wed, 16.9.2020, 11:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/287">Moving forward webinar part 2 - chromatography software</a></li>
</ul>
Wed, 16.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Agilent Technologies)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/304">MassHunter User Group Meeting: Data Processing Algorithms</a></li>
</ul>
Th, 17.9.2020, 11:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/288">Moving forward webinar part 3 - compliance</a></li>
</ul>
Th, 17.9.2020, 16:00 (CEST - Prague) (LCGC/MilliPORE SIGMA/Markes International/Biotage/Frontier Lab/GERSTEL)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/296">Advances in Sample Preparation: Part 1 - Automated Sample Preparation for HPLC and GC Users</a></li>
</ul>
Fr, 18.9.2020, 16:00 (CEST - Prague) (LCGC/MilliPORE SIGMA/Markes International/Biotage/Frontier Lab/GERSTEL)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/297">Advances in Sample Preparation: Part 2 - The Importance of Sample Preparation in Liquid Chromatography (LC) and Gas Chromatography (GC)</a></li>
</ul>
Fr, 18.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Agilent Technologies)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/305">MassHunter User Group Meeting: Advanced Data Processing Topics: Tips and Tricks</a></li>
</ul>
In the week from 21st of September, there are 13 other webinars waiting for you in the field of GC and GCMS, which you will find in the section <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">Webinars</a>.

LC and LCMS webinars - Week 38

In the week from September 21, 2020, the following webinars await you in the field of LC and LCMS:
Po, 21.9.2020, 18:00 (CEST - Prague) (Agilent Technologies)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/358">OpenLab CDS Introductory Demonstration</a></li>
</ul>
Po, 21.9.2020, 15:00 (CEST - Prague) (LCGC/Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/326">Building a More Efficient Routine Lab: Approaches to Modernizing HPLC Methods with New Technologies</a></li>
</ul>
Po, 21.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/309">Advanced Ion Chromatography Solutions for Environmental Analysis including Fast, Direct Injection of HAAs in Drinking Water with IC-MS/MS</a></li>
</ul>
Po, 21.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Agilent Technologies)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/306">MassHunter User Group Meeting: MassHunter Quantitative Analysis/Collateral – help, videos, and report examples</a></li>
</ul>
Út, 22.9.2020, 10:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/378">LC-MS User Meeting 2020 - Omics - Plenary Session</a></li>
</ul>
Út, 22.9.2020, 12:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/379">LC-MS User Meeting 2020 - Omics/Proteomics Morning Session</a></li>
</ul>
Út, 22.9.2020, 15:00 (CEST - Prague) (LCGC/Agilent Technologies)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/302">How to Achieve a Fully Digital, End-to-End Analytical Workflow</a></li>
</ul>
Út, 22.9.2020, 15:30 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/380">LC-MS User Meeting 2020 - Omics/Proteomics Afternoon Session</a></li>
</ul>
Út, 22.9.2020, 17:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/310">Use of EQuan Orbitrap HRAM LC-MS to Fulfill the Requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive’s Chemical Investigation Programme Phase 3 (CIP3)</a></li>
</ul>
Út, 22.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/311">PFAS Can Be Anywhere, We Can Help You Find It</a></li>
</ul>
St, 23.9.2020, 10:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/375">LC-MS User Meeting 2020 - Clinical Toxicology - Plenary Session</a></li>
</ul>
St, 23.9.2020, 12:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/376">LC-MS User Meeting 2020 - Clinical Toxicology - English Morning Session</a></li>
</ul>
St, 23.9.2020, 15:30 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/377">LC-MS User Meeting 2020 - Clinical Toxicology - English Afternoon Session </a></li>
</ul>
St, 23.9.2020, 16:00 (CEST - Prague) (The Analytical Scientist/Tosoh Bioscience)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/316">LenS3 – MALS Technology for Next Generation Biopharmaceuticals</a></li>
</ul>
St, 23.9.2020, 17:00 (CEST - Prague) (LCGC/Phenomenex)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/295">Improved LC-MS/MS from Biological Samples Using Advancements in SPE</a></li>
</ul>
St, 23.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Phenomenex)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/338">Miniaturized Separations and Increased Sensitivity – What to Expect when Moving to Micro and Nano Scale HPLC (North America)</a></li>
</ul>
St, 23.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/312">Expanding Microcystin Analyses to Include Other Toxic Cyanopeptides using Online Concentration LC-MS/MS</a></li>
</ul>
St, 23.9.2020, 19:00 (CEST - Prague) (Agilent Technologies)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/307">MassHunter User Group Meeting: LC/MS QQQ acquisition / MassHunter Quantitative Analysis</a></li>
</ul>
St, 23.9.2020, 20:00 (CEST - Prague) (Technology Networks/Bruker)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/314">Advancing Top-Down Proteomics for Precision Medicine on the timsTOF Pro</a></li>
</ul>
Čt, 24.9.2020, 10:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/373">LC-MS User Meeting 2020 - Environmental &amp; Food Safety - Plenary Session</a></li>
</ul>
Čt, 24.9.2020, 12:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/374">LC-MS User Meeting 2020 - Environmental &amp; Food Safety - English Session</a></li>
</ul>
Čt, 24.9.2020, 18:00 (CEST - Prague) (Agilent Technologies)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/363">Practical Approaches to Preparative Chromatography</a></li>
</ul>
Pá, 25.9.2020, 12:00 (CEST - Prague) (Shimadzu)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/354">Shimadzu Advances in Liquid Chromatography - Session 2: Advances in Detectors</a></li>
</ul>
Pá, 25.9.2020, 17:00 (CEST - Prague) (SelectScience/Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/319">Analytical Workflows for Anti-Doping, Using LC Tools</a></li>
</ul>
Pá, 25.9.2020, 21:00 (CEST - Prague) (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/285">Software Solutions for Environmental Laboratories to Fit Your Every Need</a></li>
</ul>

LC and LCMS webinars - Week 39

In the week from September 28, 2020, the following webinars await you in the field of LC and LCMS. More <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">details and registration can be found in the WEBINARS section.</a>:
1. SelectScience/Waters: Taming the Viral Beast: Applying LC and LC-MS Technologies to the Analysis of rAAV Viral Vectors
2. LCGC/Postnova: Applications of Field-Flow Fractionation in Drug Delivery Analysis
3. Agilent Technologies: Advance Your Lab Operation: Minimize Regulatory Risk by Moving to a Customized Instrument Qualification Solution
4. Phenomenex: Overview of Sample Preparation Options for the Pharmaceutical Industry
5. Wiley: How do you prefer your Brew? LCMS and GCMS approaches to flavor discovery of coffee
6. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Method development for SPE utilizing new SOLA 30 mg cartridges
7. The Analytical Scientist/Thermo Fisher Scientific: Elevating quantitative and qualitative LC-MS analysis of pesticide residues to a new level with the new Exploris HRAM MS system
8. LCGC/Agilent Technologies: Process Analytical Technology (PAT): Online Monitoring and Control of Upstream Titer, Product Quality and Amino Acid Content Using 2D-LC with SegFlow Interface
9. Agilent Technologies: Agilent Approaches for Amino Acid Analysis
10. Shimadzu: Shimadzu Advances in Liquid Chromatography - Session 3: UHPLC 2
11. LCGC/Phenomenex: Method Development for the Characterization of Synthetic Oligonucleotides by LC-MS

LC and LCMS webinars - Week 40

The TRILAB DeltiQ 2, 3D printer from the Brno-Hradec Králové company TRILAB is a high-quality 3D printer from the so-called pro-sumer segment of the desktop 3D printer category. It is a printer completely developed by TRILAB, designed and built only from high-end components. Its hardware and software is adapted and tuned for short, but also multi-day prints even without the presence of an operator. Thanks to the remote-control software and the built-in camera with lighting, the user is constantly in control of printing. Also in the case of ambiguity, question or problem, the printer is immediately remotely diagnosed by the TRILAB service team.
Thanks to the technical and application support of the TRILAB team and also thanks to the many years of experience of the two main partners of TRILAB in the field of science and research, where Dr. Vojtěch Tambor is originally the leading researcher in the laboratory of the Center for Biomedical Research (CBV) of the University Hospital HK and Dr. Michal Boháč is a former director of Bruker s.r.o., every scientific customer is always perfectly professionally secured and can thus focus only on solving their own challenges and projects.
Thanks to practical experience with placing 3D printers in research laboratories, TRILAB also knows very well that the DeltiQ 3D printer does not only allow its owners to save time and money in producing things that are familiar and hard to reach, but also and above all to create and quickly test completely new things, not yet discovered. In addition, it allows them to be pampered by the quality of the printing surface, spatial accuracy, huge print volumes or even just the grace of delta kinematics movements. In addition, the customer does not have to buy the printer as an investment, but can rent it or cleverly buy it under an initial operating lease with a possible subsequent purchase. This not only divides the financial costs of its acquisition over a longer period, but also avoids possible lengthy approval processes for investment purchases.
The DeltiQ 3D printer will become a great help in your research project. Whether it&#39;s simple holders or specialized components, with a 3D printer you can save not only most acquisition costs, but also a lot of time spent looking for a suitable tool. In addition, you can create tools that you cannot buy as they do not exist! And besides tools, you can also create your own prototypes, products or their models and replacements.
<h3>The story of <a href="https://www.nenovision.com/">NenoVision</a>: Thanks to 3D printing, our microscope can be touched safely</h3>
NenoVision is a start-up originating from the Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC and is one of the incubated companies in the South Moravian Innovation Center JIC INMEC. They are proud that their LiteScope microscope is the only one in the world that can combine data from an electron microscope and an atomic force microscope in detail and assemble them into 3D models. It literally opens up a new dimension of research.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Trilab_Neno_Vision_mikroskop_1_6b79421014/Trilab-NenoVision-mikroskop-1.jpg" alt="TRILAB: NenoVision - model of LiteScope microscope printed on the TRILAB DeltiQ printer"/>
The company found the application of 3D printing in solving the problem of how to enable the &quot;touch&quot; of the microscope to partners, customers and the professional public: &quot;LiteScope normally works in a controlled environment, moreover in a vacuum, and it is a sensitive and very expensive device. Therefore we or our distributors cannot normally carry it to all events and exhibitions, nor provide it to our partners for tests for insertion into their machines,” explains Jan Neumann, the owner and CEO of NenoVision.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Trilab_Neno_Vision_mikroskop_2_8d96758735/Trilab-NenoVision-mikroskop-2.jpg" alt="TRILAB: NenoVision - model of LiteScope microscope printed on the TRILAB DeltiQ printer"/>
Machining the individual components of the microscope itself is so expensive that even making a copy of the instrument without &quot;living&quot; components does not make sense. In the end, 3D printing proved to be an elegant solution: “Since the complete 3D model for production was already ready, it was enough to prepare and print it on a TRILAB DeltiQ printer and the model of the device in perfect quality and accuracy was born. In this way, it can be easily reproduced and shown to customers and the public at a fraction of the normal cost,” adds Jan Neumann. 
<h3><a href="https://www.biocev.eu/en">BIOCEV</a> story: Own online nanospray built in a few days?</h3>
The story of <a href="http://peterslab.org">Dr. Petr Novák</a> from BIOCEV shows the second group of 3D printing options. Building something that does not exist, that you cannot buy, and you know what it should look like and you need it. Dr. Novák&#39;s team happened to be in exactly the same situation. Commercially available nanosprays did not meet the requirements not only in terms of compatibility with available spectrometers, but also in terms of real sensitivity, essential for measurement. That&#39;s why the &quot;Do it yourself&quot; mode came into play. Thanks to the clever use of 3D printing, a nanospray was created, which has ncomparably higher sensitivity and operator comfort compared to all commercial devices available on the market. 
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Trilab_BIOCEV_online_nanosprej_1_ac1e93326c/Trilab-BIOCEV-online-nanosprej-1.jpg" alt="TriLab: BIOCEV - online nanospray"/>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Trilab_BIOCEV_online_nanosprej_2_ba9dbfde99/Trilab-BIOCEV-online-nanosprej-2.jpg" alt="TriLab: BIOCEV - online nanospray"/>
<h3>The story of the MALDI-TOF plate suitable not only for affinity chromatography</h3>
As part of the projects of AffiPro, a spin-off company under BIOCEV Prague, it has been running for several years under the leadership of Dr. Petr Novák and Dr. Petr Pompach for the development of clinical applications of affinity chromatography on MALDI-TOF spectrometry, for example MALDI Biotyper devices, by patented application of various antibodies to MALDI plates using the so-called soft ion landing technology. Although this is a technology that is just beginning and commercial use is yet to come, they already have several very interesting surfaces on their own chips in the laboratory, which will be interesting in the future not only for clinical and veterinary, but also for military screening. And thanks to the use of 3D printing technology, they have the opportunity to print not only different surfaces and shapes, but also to use different materials on MALDI chips and thus, for example, increase the sensitivity and detection limits of the method. 
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Trilab_Affi_Pro_MALDI_TOF_desticka_836e1e69b7/Trilab-AffiPro-MALDI-TOF-desticka.png" alt="TriLab: AffiPro/BIOCEV - MALDI-TOF chip for affinity chromatography"/>
The original article <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01737">Three-Dimensional Printed Target Plates for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry ke stažení.</a>

TRILAB 3D printing solutions and DeltiQ 2 printers are in the lab at home

In connection with increasing requirements on high throughput analyses in the laboratories the instrumental techniques undergo continuous improvement. This article is focused on the progress in the most widespread separation technique, the liquid chromatography. Its novel modification, Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC), uses the principle of separation on porous “sub-2 μm“ particles. The advantages of UHPLC over the traditional HPLC are a nine-fold reduction of analysis time, double improvement of resolution, and triple improvement of sensitivity. It results not only in time saving but also in the cost of energy and organic solvents and their ecological disposal. An alternative to UHPLC is the use of columns with core-shell particles and/or monolithic columns. The UHPLC has already been successfully applied in the analysis of beer and brewery materials.
<h3>1 INTRODUCTION</h3>
High performance liquid chromatography represents nowadays the most widespread separation technique applied commonly in pharmacy, toxicology, clinical analysis as well as in various research fields (Stroh et al. 2008, Pratet et al. 2004, Klein et Rivera 2004) and, last but not least, in food chemistry, namely for the analysis of beer and its raw materials (e.g. Čulík et al. 2009).
Increasing requirements on high throughput of samples motivate a continuous improvement of analytical techniques. During the last decade the HPLC technique has also become “faster”. There are two basic approaches to “fast chromatography”. The first one leads to the development of a completely new generation of chromatographic columns and instrumentation operating at 100 MPa (15 000 PSI) (Swartz 2005). This method was established and termed as Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). The second approach maintains the classical HPLC instrumentation that works at a maximal pressure of 40 MPa (6000 PSI). However, only new types of HPLC instruments comply with this pressure limitation. Analysis acceleration is achieved by the use of special columns, namely monolithic columns and columns with core-shell particles.
<h3>2 UHPLC –ULTRA HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY</h3>
The complex process of chromatographic separation is determined by a set of analyte interactions between mobile (solvent) and stationary phase (in simplified terms column packing). During analyte passage through the chromatographic column the analyte is carried by the mobile phase. The analyte has specific affinity to the mobile phase (it is soluble in it) and simultaneously interacts with the stationary phase (mass transfer). The contact of analyte with the stationary phase is mediated by “diffusion”. There exist three types of diffusion during the chromatographic process - longitudinal diffusion (a movement of the analyte in the mobile phase), turbulent diffusion (a movement of the analyte to the surface of the stationary phase particles and back), and diffusion inside the pores of stationary phase particles in various directions (mass transfer of analyte to the stationary phase and back). The mathematic formulation of the contribution of individual diffusion modes is called van Deemter equation
H = a(dp) + b/u + c(dp)²u
The equation determines the relationship between the height of theoretical plate H (inverse value of column efficiency) and linear velocity u of the mobile phase. The contribution a (longitudinal diffusion) is influenced only by particle size, contribution b (turbulent diffusion) is inversely proportional to the linear velocity u, and contribution c (mass transfer) is directly proportional to a square of particle size of the stationary phase.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Obr_1_Van_Deemterova_krivka_pro_castice_o_prumeru_10_5_3_a_1_7_mm_bc7d9c667a/Obr.-1-Van-Deemterova-krivka-pro-castice-o-prumeru-10-5-3-a-17-mm.jpg" alt="Fig. 1 Van Deemter curves for 10, 5, 3, and 1.7 μm particle size"/>
Since the seventies, when the particles with 10 μm diameter were used, a huge progress has been achieved in the development of technologies for generation of smaller particles, which led to permanent improvement of separation parameters. Fig. 1 shows four van Deemter curves for different size particles that are commonly used (10, 5 a 3 μm and newly 1.7 μm). It follows from the figure that decrease of particle size leads to increase of separation efficiency (in other words to a decrease in plate height). This reflects the fact that the use of the smaller particle size ensures better mass transfer and simultaneously minimizes band broadening. It has impact on increased efficiency and, in addition, makes it possible to work with higher mobile phase flow and achieve thus a faster separation. This consideration led to the development of “sub-2 μm particles” (Mellors et Jorgenson 2004) providing an impetus for evolving Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). Using this technology, the analysis time can be reduced 9 times, sensitivity can be improved 3 times, and resolution 2 times. Such reduction of the time of analysis results not only in saving of energy and manhours but also in 10-fold reduced demand for organic solvents and in reduced costs of safe waste disposal. Evaluation of analytic parameters and comparison of general HPLC and UHPLC chromatograms is demonstrated in Fig. 2. It should be noted that columns packed with sorbent with such small particle size generate much higher back pressure than common chromatographic columns. Hence, a new UHPLC instrument had to be developed to be able to work under ultra-high pressures such as 100 Mpa (15 000 PSI). 
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Obr_2_Porovnani_HPLC_a_UHPLC_chromatogramu_884f392190/Obr.-2-Porovnani-HPLC-a-UHPLC-chromatogramu.jpg" alt="Fig. 2 Comparison of UHPLC and HPLC chromatograms (The table lists the UHPLC characteristics superior to HPLC)"/>
Fig. 3 demonstrates the size of new 1.7 μm particle in comparison with both a common 5 μm particle and the diameter of human hair (60 μm).
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Obr_3_Srovnani_velikosti_hybridni_1_7_mm_castice_afd22180e8/Obr.-3-Srovnani-velikosti-hybridni-17-mm-castice.jpg" alt="Fig. 3 Size comparison of 1.7 μm hybrid particle (C), common 5 μm particle (A) and diameter of a human hair 60 μm (B)"/>
The information about the first commercially available Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) (Schwartz 2005) system including subsequently the principle of novel ultra-fast chromatography, description of new sub-2 μm particles and related new column chemistry and technology (Mellors 2004), full-scale hardware, new designed UV detector, and connection with MS detectors (Plumb et al. 2004) was published in 2004. These columns, Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (Waters), packed with 1.7 μm particles are based on BEH (bridged ethylene hybrid) technology (Swartz et Murphy 2005). Between silanol groups are inserted hybrid ethylene bridges (see Fig. 4), which function as end-capping groups. Furthermore, the bridges fix the overall structure of this silica gelbased phase. This endows the columns with excellent mechanical robustness (max. pressure limit 15000 PSI) and chemical stability in a wide pH range. These columns can therefore be used in alkali pH range up to pH 12; acidic range up to pH 1-2, but this value depends on the column ligand used. In addition, these columns are resistant to “column bleeding”. A wide range of columns with various ligands is currently available on the market. They include BEH C18 and C8 (linear alkyl chain for classical reverse chromatography), BEH Shield RP18 (alkyl chain with inserted polar carbamate group, which combines hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of the column and is convenient for polyphenolic compounds), BEH Phenyl (phenyl ligand on C6 alkyl chain convenient for the compounds with benzene nucleus), BEH Amide column (amidic group that retains well compounds too polar for reverse chromatography), BEH HILIC (BEH particles without a ligand, convenient for extremely polar compounds; elution uses aqueous phases with low organic content), etc. The lengths of these columns are 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15 cm, the most commonly used column has 5 cm. The inner diameter of the columns is mostly 2.1 mm and 1 mm when connected with UV and MS detector, respectively. Like the classical column, the column is protected by a pre-column and additionally by a special filter, which protects the column from potential impurities from the mobile phase. The small particle size poses demands on both the mobile phase and sample preparation. Mobile phase must be filtered through 0.2 μm membrane filter and the sample has to be filtered or centrifuged prior to analysis.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Obr_4_Znazorneni_chemicke_struktury_hybridni_BEH_castice_1ef4bff896/Obr.-4.-Znazorneni-chemicke-struktury-hybridni-BEH-castice.jpg" alt="Fig. 4 Illustration of the chemical structure of the hybrid BEH particle with hybrid ethylene bridges"/>
An increasing number of UHPLC columns with particle size ranging from 1.5–2 μm (e.g. Waters – Acquity BEH columns, Restek – Pinnacle® DB columns, Grace – Vision HT columns, Thermo Scientific – Hypersil GOLD, Agilent – Eclipse Plus C18 a StableBond SB-C18, Perkin Elmer – Brownlee Analytical DB C18), and the rising number of UHPLC instrument producers give evidence that UHPLC was accepted by analytical public. Apart from the Waters company (Acquity), which was the pioneer of this technology, other producers of UHPLC chromatographs with similar parameters are on the market, e.g. Agilent (1200RRLC, Infinity), ThermoElectron (Acella High Speed), Shimadzu (ProminenceUFLC), Dionex (RSLC UltiMAte 3000), Perkin Elmer (Flexar). Two synonymous terms, UPLC and UHPLC, can be found in the literature. Since UPLCTM (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) technology was applied as the first in the world by the Waters Company, the term UPLC can be taken as a trade mark. Hence, UHPLC was accepted as the common term for this technology.
The advantages of UHPLC have been made use of also in the analysis of brewing materials and beer. Many applications were developed by the research team from RIBM (Research Institute of Brewing and Malting). A recent application, which was published in an international scientific journal in 2011, is the determination of ochratoxin A in brewing raw materials and beer (Běláková et al. 2011) and also in wine. The transformation of the original HPLC method to the new UHPLC method brought a reduction of the analysis time from the original 10 min to 2 min. The same result was obtained for the method of ferulic acid determination in barley and malt, in which the original analysis time of 12 min was reduced to 2 min (Běláková et al. 2010). The same authors developed more UHPC methods, which are used in RIBM in many applications. These include, apart from the determination of ferulic acid, also methods for the determination of other phenolic acids (cumaric acid etc.), vitamin E and vitamins from the B group in beer and brewery raw materials, patulin in beer, brewery raw materials, wine and nonalcoholic beverages, and/or determination of silymarine in an extract of Silybum Marianum.
In the following issues of this journal we shall present a more detailed comparison of HPLC and UHPLC method illustrated on examples of the determination of α- a β- acids in hop and hop products and determination of iso-α-acids in beer developed in RIBM.
<h3>3 CORE-SHELL PARTICLE COLUMNS</h3>
Even if the user cannot purchase a new UHPLC instrument and is bound to use a current HPLC instrument, he can still speed up the separation process. He can use columns with “fused-core silica” or synonymous “core-shell particles” working at common pressures (max 6000 PSI) that are compatible with the majority of HPLC instruments. The particles (see Fig. 5) are composed of a solid core (about 1.7 μm) surrounded by a thin porous silica layer (about 0.5 μm); their exact dimensions vary depending on the producer. The analyte can diffuse only into the pores of the thin porous ± 0.1 μm layer, where mass transfer takes place. The diameter of these 2.7 μm particles results in the generation of lower back pressure than in the case of “sub-2 particles”. At the same time, the thickness of the porous silica layer is comparable with the diameter of “sub-2 particles”. These characteristics of the “core-shell particles” ensure separation efficiency and resolution similar to UHPLC. Lastly, the analyte does not have to diffuse to the rigid core through the whole particle, which results in a shortening of diffusion path, the delay in the column, and in reduction of analysis time without deterioration of separation parameters.
Many papers published since 2010 have confirmed both the broad utility of core-shell columns in practice and their separation properties comparable with those of “sub-2” particles (Abrahim et al. 2010, Tylová et al. 2011). These columns, having a wide spectrum of various ligands, e.g. Halo (Mac-Mod Analytical), Ascentis Express (Sigma-Aldrich), Kinetex (Phenomenex) and/or Poroshell (Agilent) are currently available.
Determination of quinolones in eggs is an example of application of core-shell columns in food analysis. The column Kinetex was used and analysis time was reduced by half (Jiménez et al. 2011). The same column was also used for the first time for beer analysis for determination of iso-α-acids and some reducing forms of tetrahydroiso-α-acids (Koerner et al. 2011).
<h3>4 MONOLITHIC COLUMNS</h3>
Another approach to accelerating chromatographic process is the use of monolithic columns, which are gaining increasing popularity. In contrast to conventional stationary phases, which are formed by individual sorbent particles of defined size, the monolithic columns are formed by a single piece of porous material completely filling the interior of the column. Thus, monolithic columns do not contain any space between particles through which the majority of the flow proceeds in conventional columns. That’s why the mobile phase has to pass through the monolith pores that are much bigger than the pores in columns with common particles. Monolithic columns have two types of pores. Macropores facilitate fast convective flow of mobile phase through the monolith and significantly accelerate mass transfer between mobile and stationary phase. Mesopores provide sufficiently large surface and also a high separation capacity. This structure allows monoliths to operate at considerably high flow of mobile phase without excessive pressure increase (McCalley 2002) and without losses of separation efficiency even for separated macromolecules (peptides, synthetic polymers) (Švec 2009). 
Monolithic columns are synthetized by hydrolytic polymeration of tetramethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane in aqueous solution of acetic acid in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Manufacturing technology enables monolith preparation with accurately defined structure and with macropores and mesopores with convenient and adjustable sizes. The monolithic stationary phase was prepared, described and applied by, e.g., Prof. Tanaka’s group (Minakuchi et al. 1996). Many of these columns are already commercially available, e.g. Chromolith (Merck) or Onyx™ (Phenomenex in the licence of Merck). 
As follows from the real applications and comparative studies of monolithic and conventional reversed phase columns, these columns have also found application in the area of fast chromatography and the number of their users continually increases (Samanidou et al. 2004, Nováková et al. 2004). The technology starts to be used also in food analysis. Tzanavaras et Themelis (2007) published a method of simultaneous determination of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in coffee and non-alcoholic beverages. The analysis time did not exceed 1 min and the retention time of the last eluting caffeine was 0.7 min.
<h3>5 CONCLUSION</h3>
The huge quantity of published articles gives evidence that in the last decade UHPLC has become a favorite and widespread separation technique. It follows from these article that UHPLC is used for the separation of both small and large organic compounds such as proteins and peptides. The published data confirm the presumed advantages of UHPLC such as its high speed, sensitivity and good resolution. UHPLC technique found its use also in food analysis and begins to spread into the area of brewing and malting.

New Trends in Liquid Chromatography and Their Utilization in Analysis of Beer and Brewery Raw Materials. Part 1. Theoretical Introduction

In the week from October 5, 2020, the following webinars await you in the field of LC and LCMS. More <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">details and registration can be found in the WEBINARS section.</a>:
1. Agilent Technologies: OpenLab CDS Introductory Demonstration
2. Agilent Technologies: Advance Your Lab Operation: Real Life Challenges and Solutuins seen with CSV Projects
3. Phenomenex: Inside the Lab with Phenomenex - Back to School
4. SelectScience/Waters: New guidelines and modern chromatographic solutions converge to ensure data quality in the pharmaceutical laboratory: Join Waters for a panel discussion and insights from the USP and MHRA
5. Phenomenex: Inside the Lab with Phenomenex: Tips &amp; Tricks for Environmental Applications
6. Separation Science/SCIEX: The Exposome of PFAS
7. Hamilton Company: Automating workflows for TDM analysis via LC-MS - Clinical laboratory experience
8. Phenomenex: Reversed Phase Method Development: Mobile Phase Selection &amp; Selectivity Considerations
9. Phenomenex: Troubleshooting SPE &amp; Other Sample Prep Techniques
10. VWR: Testing Cannabis and Hemp for Pesticides and Herbicides
11. Agilent Technologies: Understanding the Language of Liquid Chromatographic Results
12. Shimadzu: Shimadzu Advances in Liquid Chromatography - Session 3: UHPLC 2
13. Technology Networks/SCIEX: Accelerating Biotherapeutic Charge Variant Analysis With a New iCIEF-MS Platform
14. GERSTEL: „TALK TO US – GERSTEL Experts in discussion with you”
15. SelectScience/Phenomenex: Impact of Chromatography in Peptide Quantitation by Hybrid LBA LC-MS/MS Workflows

LC and LCMS webinars - Week 41

Popularizace

Article

Product

Events

Webinars

Application

Academy

Video

Poster

Scientists

Plastics

Environment

Food

Water

Health

Presentation

Scientific article

Interview

Toxicology

Popularization

Science and research

Software

Článek

Covid-19

Career

Laboratories

Various

PFAS 

Nejbližší akce

Zaměření

Type of News

Focus

Vědecký recenzovaný online časopis Kvasný průmysl (eISSN 2570-8619), vychází jako samostatné periodikum v angličtině. Od ročníku 2015 je obsah indexovaný databází Web of Science (edice ESCI), dále je indexován v databázích CAS, CAB Abstracts, DOAJ.
Časopis je publikovaný v režimu otevřeného přístupu Platinum Open Access s licencí Creative Commons. 

The journal Kvasny Prumysl

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

LabRulez

Czech developer and producer of exceptional quality FDM 3D printers and original solutions based on delta kinematics.

TriLab

Thermo Fisher Scientific Environmental & Food Safety Workshop Series 2026

Thermo Fisher Scientific at SOFT/TIAFT 2026

Bruker at SOFT-TIAFT 2026

Unlocking Lab Productivity: Automation Opportunities for LC/MS Laboratories

The Next Frontier in Nitrosamines Testing: Detection and Risk Assessment in Packaging and IV Infusion Bags

Membrane Technologies for Water and Food Sustainability