A team from CEITEC Masaryk University (MUNI) in collaboration with researchers from two research institutes in Norway has, for the first time, captured how echovirus 18, a member of the enterovirus genus, releases its genetic material into cells to initiate infection. The study provides a structural view of an early stage of viral infection under near-native conditions. Using cryo-electron microscopy, the researchers discovered that the virus does not release its RNA through a small pore in its capsid, as had long been assumed. Instead, its protein shell partially disassembles, creating a large opening through which the viral genetic material escapes into the host cell. A detailed understanding of this genome release mechanism could eventually help develop compounds preventing enteroviruses from infecting cells.Enteroviruses are common human pathogens causing diseases ranging from the common cold and gastrointestinal infections to severe neurological disorders. Echovirus 18, the virus investigated in this study, is known primarily as a cause of meningitis and encephalitis in children. It belongs to the picornaviruses, a family of small, non-enveloped viruses whose genetic material is protected by a protein shell, the capsid, organized with icosahedral symmetry.To replicate within a cell, the enteroviruses must release their RNA – the molecule that carries viral genetic information – from the capsid, into the cell cytoplasm. Although this step is crucial for initiating infection, it has never been observed in infected cells.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_71d553bb0e.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Plevka Lab: CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection: View into a cell infected by echovirus 18. Echovirus 18 is shown in green and yellow, ribosomes in violet, and actin filaments in cyan. Scale 50 nm. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_71d553bb0e.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1128">“For a long time, two main theories existed about how picornaviruses deliver their RNA genomes into cells. One proposed that the genome leaves the capsid through a small opening. The other, supported by earlier work from our laboratory, suggested that the genome escapes from partially disassembled capsids missing pentamers of capsid proteins. However, both models were based on experiments with virus particles outside cells. We wanted to go one step further and see what really happens during infection inside a cell,” says <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/liya-mukhamedova-ph-d/u89248?page=publication">Liya Mukhamedova</a>, the study’s first author from CEITEC MUNI.Using cryo-electron microscopy, which allows scientists to visualize biological structures at exceptionally high resolution, the researchers observed individual echovirus 18 particles directly within infected cells. They discovered that empty virus particles in infected cells lack parts of their capsids. It is through these openings that the virus releases its RNA.The study also revealed the role of the FcRn receptor, a cell-surface molecule that enteroviruses use to enter cells. The binding of the virus to the receptor triggers structural changes in the viral particle that prime it for subsequent genome release. The team showed that receptor binding causes the loss of the so-called pocket factor, a small molecule that normally helps stabilize the virus particle. The virus otherwise remains largely intact, suggesting that receptor binding is only the first step toward uncoating, while additional factors within the cell are required to complete the process and trigger genome release.“Infection is a complex process, during which enterovirus particles sense various interactions with cell components. The binding of echovirus 18 to the FcRn host-cell receptor triggers conformational changes in the virus, priming it for genome release.” – explains <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/pavel-plevka-ph-d/u26854">Pavel Plevka</a>, head of the Structural Virology Research Group.The researchers did not observe the so-called activated particles that are key intermediates in the enterovirus uncoating process. This suggests that genome release in cells occurs much faster than previous experiments had suggested.By combining structural data obtained from studies of virus particles outside living cells with observations of infected cells, the study offers a picture of how enterovirus infection begins. Moving beyond simplified experiments with isolated virus particles, it brings scientists closer to understanding the earliest stages of enterovirus infection as they occur in living cells. The study, was published in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">PNAS journal</a>.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_2_3601bf1df9.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Plevka Lab: CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection: Reconstructions of E18 particles from infected cells. The particles are rainbow-colored based on the distance from the particle center. Scale 10 nm." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_2_3601bf1df9.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="906"><blockquote><h4>Article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">Particles of echovirus 18 open to release their genomes in vivo</a></h4>Liya Mukhamedova, David Buchta, Zuzana Trebichalská, Yevgen Levdansky, Jana Moravcová, David Potěšil, Zbyněk Zdráhal, Dominik Hřebík, Lucie Nepovímová, Torleif Tollefsrud Gjølberg, Jan Terje Andersen, Jiří Nováček, Tibor Füzik, and Pavel PlevkaProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2026, 123, e2601182123<div>&nbsp;</div><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123</a></div><h6>licenced under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Enteroviruses cause a broad spectrum of human diseases, ranging from mild respiratory or gastrointestinal infections to severe neurological disorders such as aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. Enterovirus cell entry involves receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by destabilizing rearrangements of the virus capsid that enable genome release. However, the mechanism of enterovirus genome release has not been visualized in infected cells. Here, we used cryoelectron tomography and microscopy to image echovirus 18 (E18) entry into host cells and its interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). 30 min postinfection, endosomes and cytoplasm contained empty capsids missing one or several pentamers of capsid proteins, providing evidence that in vivo E18 releases its genome through capsid opening. In vitro, FcRn binding induced the expulsion of pocket factors from hydrophobic pockets in VP1, priming the virus for uncoating. The cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction of genome-containing particles of E18 inside infected cells did not reveal pocket factors, indicating that receptor binding triggers the same priming process during infection. We did not detect activated particles in infected cells, suggesting that these intermediates are short-lived and rapidly release their genomes in vivo. Our results identify capsid opening as the in vivo mechanism of echovirus 18 genome release, providing structural evidence for a process previously only inferred from in vitro experiments.

CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection 

Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful analytical technique used to separate and analyze compounds in a mixture. Whether you're working in pharmaceuticals, environmental testing, or food safety, understanding the key components of a gas chromatograph is essential for accurate and efficient results.In this article, we will delve into the primary components of gas chromatography, including the injector, column, detector, and carrier gas—and explain how each plays a critical role in the separation and analysis process.By mastering these elements, you can optimize your GC setup for precise and reliable outcomes. Let's explore each component in detail:<h3>Sample Injector</h3>The injector is the starting point in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/gc">gas chromatography process</a>, where the sample is introduced into the system. In GC, the sample must be vaporized into a gas before it enters the column. The injector serves this purpose by heating the sample to its gaseous state. There are many types of injectors, Split/Splitless, PTV, on column.The most common injector is the Split/Splitless injector that can be used in split mode or in splitless mode:<ul><li>Split Injection: This mode allows a portion of the sample to be sent to the column while the remainder is vented. It is useful for high-concentration samples to prevent system overload.</li><li>Splitless Injection: In this mode, the entire sample is introduced into the column, making it ideal for trace analysis where even minute quantities need detection.</li></ul>Proper choice of injector type and proper control of injection conditions, such as temperature, sample size, injection mode are crucial for achieving reproducible and reliable results.<h3>Carrier Gas</h3>In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is represented by carrier gas, which transports the vaporized sample through the column. The carrier gas is an inert gas, such as helium, nitrogen, or hydrogen. The choice of carrier gas can influence the efficiency of the separation process.<ul><li>Helium is the most used carrier gas due to its inertness and high flow rate.</li><li>Hydrogen offers faster analysis times but requires careful handling due to its flammability.</li><li>Nitrogen provides a cheaper solution compared to Helium, although it's slower than helium or hydrogen.</li></ul>The flow rate and pressure of the carrier gas need to be carefully controlled to ensure that the sample moves smoothly through the system and adequate efficiency is generated.<h3>Column/Stationary Phase</h3>The column is the heart of the gas chromatograph, where the actual separation of compounds occurs. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/products?category=7&amp;manufacturerItems=50">GC columns</a> are typically long, thin tubes made from stainless steel or fused silica. They are coated with a stationary phase, which interacts with the components of the sample as they pass through.<ul><li>Packed Columns: These contain small particles of stationary phase material and generally have a larger volume. While they are less efficient than capillary columns, they can be suitable for specific applications.</li><li>Capillary Columns: These thin tubes are coated with a stationary phase, offering higher resolution and faster analysis times due to their smaller diameter.</li></ul>The length, diameter, and type of stationary phase of the column are important factors that affect the efficiency and selectivity of the separation. The choice of stationary phase (polar or non-polar; liquid-coated or solid) affects how different compounds interact with it.As the sample moves through the column, compounds separate based on volatility and their affinity for the stationary phase, resulting in distinct peaks in the chromatogram.<h3>Detector</h3>Once the sample has passed through the column, it reaches the detector, where individual components are identified and measured. There are several types of detectors, each suited to different applications:<ul><li>Flame Ionization Detector (FID): One of the most commonly used detectors in GC. It measures ions produced when organic compounds are burned in a hydrogen-air flame. FID is highly sensitive to a wide range of organic compounds and offers a broad linear dynamic range.</li><li>Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD): Detects changes in the thermal conductivity of the gas stream as analytes elute from the column. It is a universal, non-destructive detector, but is generally less sensitive than FID.</li><li>Electron capture detector (ECD): A very sensitive and selective detector used to detect chlorinated compounds it is easily contaminated and requires very pure and dry carrier and makeup gases and difficult maintenance.</li><li>Mass Spectrometer (MS): Provides structural information, aiding in both identification and quantification. Requires advanced and trained users and it’s difficult to maintain.</li></ul>The choice of detector depends on the type of analysis being performed and the sensitivity required. Each detector converts physical or chemical changes associated with the analytes into a measurable signal, producing a chromatogram that reflects concentration and retention time.<h3>Data System</h3>Although not a physical part of the chromatograph, the data system plays an integral role in processing and interpreting the signals generated by the detector. Modern gas chromatographs are equipped with software that converts detector signals into chromatograms—visual representations of the separation process. The software allows users to quantify and identify the components of the sample based on retention times and peak areas.<h3>How to Read a Gas Chromatogram?</h3>Interpreting a gas chromatogram involves understanding its essential elements, such as peaks, retention times, and the overall data for qualitative and quantitative analysis.<h4>The Nature of the Sample</h4>Begin by considering the sample's characteristics; different samples, such as environmental pollutants or food components, may exhibit distinct peak patterns. Recognizing the baseline (the flat line representing the signal without analytes) is crucial for identifying peaks accurately. While well-defined peaks indicate successful separation of components, poorly shaped or broad peaks may suggest issues with the separation process. For instance, if a mixture is injected and three peaks are observed, it indicates the presence of three different compounds in the sample. Conversely, when evaluating the purity of a sample, one would anticipate observing a single peak. Ideally, the chromatogram should reflect this expectation, confirming the sample's purity.<h4>The Identity of the Sample</h4>Retention time (Rt) is a critical factor in identifying the compounds present in the sample. Each analyte has a characteristic retention time that can be compared to known standards or literature. To confirm identities, a standard mixture should run alongside the sample; this allows to correlate retention times with specific compounds. If available, utilizing MS in conjunction with gas chromatography (GC-MS) can provide additional structural information, enhancing identification accuracy. With HR-MS or MS-MS detectors, unknown compounds can be identified by matching perfectly the Molecular weight or by matching the fragmentation pattern.<h4>The Amount of Sample</h4>Quantifying analytes involves analyzing peak area or height, which is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the sample. A calibration curve constructed from known concentrations can help relate peak areas to actual concentrations. It is essential to consider the detector’s sensitivity and the limits of detection, as peaks below a certain threshold may not provide reliable quantification.

Basic Principles of Gas Chromatography - Separation and Analysis

ISC 2026 - Day 2

Article

Events

Academy

Science and research

Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

CEITEC

Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

The International Symposium on Chromatography (ISC) represents the oldest conference series focussing on separation science. ISC symposia have been organised since 1956 in each even year. ISC is internationally recognised as one of the premier meeting series for discussion of all modes of chromatography and separation science with a broad coverage of techniques and applications.

International Symposium on Chromatography - (ISC)

Watrex Streamline RI1 Refractive index HPLC detector

The Watrex Streamline RI1 Refractive Index Detector is an essential component in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems.

Streamline™ RI1 refractive index detector is suitable for detecting compounds with little or no UV activity such as alcohols, sugars, lipids or polymers. This instrument is designed for use in analytical HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) as well as for GPC (gel permeation chromatography) applications.<h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Advanced temperature control for high sensitivity and reproducibility</li><li>Prime purge valve</li><li>Long-life LED light source</li><li>Pressure resistant flow cell</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Light Source: Long-life LED</li><li>Refractive index Range: 1.00 - 1.75 RIU</li><li>Baseline Noise: ± 2.5 nRIU</li><li>Baseline Drift: 200 nRIU/h</li><li>Linearity: &gt; 1000 μRIU</li><li>Flow cell pressure resistance: 5 bar</li><li>Flow cell volume: 15 μl</li><li>Time constant: 0.00/0.01/0.02/0.05/0.1/0.2/0.5/1.0/2.0/5.0/10.0 s</li><li>Analog Output: 1x 0-2.5V</li><li>Outputs: Event 1, Start (OUT), Error (OUT), + 5 V, 24 V Valve</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>SRI101-001 Watrex Streamline™ RI refractive index detector (Price 7 018 € ex VAT)</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/detectors/other-hplc-detectors/streamline-ri1-detector/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex Streamline VD1 Viscosimetric HPLC detector

 Watrex Streamline™ VD1 viscosimetric detector is designed for detailed characterization of polymer compounds in both aqueous and organic solvents.

Streamline™ VD1 viscosimetric detector measures absolute intrinsic viscosity and is ideal as a detector for online monitoring in any GPC system. VD1 enables measurement of absolute molecular size using Wheatstone bridge operating principle.<h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>High sensitivity and stability</li><li>Low-noise</li><li>Open protocol digital data format</li><li>Direct dual analog output</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_Streamline_VD_1_Viscosimetric_detector_Universal_calibration_from_VD_1_data_1_149c741933.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex Streamline VD1 Viscosimetric detector - Universal calibration from VD1 data 1"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_Streamline_VD_1_Viscosimetric_detector_Universal_calibration_from_VD_1_data_2_a616c498e8.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex Streamline VD1 Viscosimetric detector - Universal calibration from VD1 data 2"><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Wavelength Range: 190 – 720 nm</li><li>Baseline Noise: ± 1 x 10-5 AU (@240 nm, 2 sec. risetime)</li><li>Baseline Drift: &lt; 3 x 10-4 AU/h</li><li>Wavelength Accuracy: ± 0.5 nm</li><li>Wavelenghth Reproducibility: ± 0.1 nm</li><li>Mean Pixel Pitch: 2.2 nm</li><li>Resolution (λ FWHM): 7 nm</li><li>Linearity: &gt; 2.5 AU</li><li>Wavelength Program: Programmable, 10 steps</li><li>Analog Output (optional): 1x 1 V</li><li>Options: Dual channel configuration, thermostated flow cell</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_Streamline_VD_1_Viscosimetric_detector_Technical_specification_76756715f6.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex Streamline VD1 Viscosimetric detector - Technical specification"><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>SVD101-001 Watrex Streamline™ VD1 viscosimetric detector (Price 19 741 € ex VAT)</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/detectors/other-hplc-detectors/streamline-vd1-detector/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex Streamline CT1/CT1i HPLC Column thermostat

Watrex Streamline™ CT1i column thermostat is an ideal tool for maintaining stable separation temperatures.

Watrex Streamline CT1/CT1i column thermostat is an ideal tool to grant stable separation temperature even if laboratory temperature fluctuates during the day. It is also essential instrument in sugar analysis and/or many applications requiring higher column temperature. An optional built-in manual syringe front loaded sample injector increases usage comfort.<h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Excellent temperature stability</li><li>Heating up to 100°C</li><li>Thermal fuse against overheating</li><li>Up to 3 columns with length of 250 mm can be placed in the thermostat</li><li>Color touch panel control</li><li>Possibility of installing manual injection valve</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Temperature range: 10 °C above ambient temperature to 100 °C</li><li>Temperature accuracy: max. 0,5 % of actual temperature</li><li>Temperature stability: RSD &lt; 0,4 %</li><li>Settability: 0,1 °C</li><li>Internal dimensions: 320 x 50 x 30 mm (L x W x H)</li><li>Compartment material: PTFE coated metal</li><li>Compartment connection: USB</li><li>Control: build-in color touch panel, datasystem</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>ST101-001 Streamline CT1 Columm Thermostat (Price 1 720 € ex VAT)</li><li>ST101-002 Streamline CT1i Columm Thermostat with manual injector</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/column-thermostats/streamline-ct1-columm-thermostat/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex Streamline GPC system

GPC system is an isocratic HPLC system consisting of one P1 pump, CT1i column thermostat with manual injector and RI1 refractive index detector.

GPC system is an isocratic HPLC system consisting of one P1 pump, CT1i column thermostat with manual injector and RI1 refractive index detector.<h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Optimized pump mechanics of P1 pump with parallel piston design offers excellent flow rate accuracy and low RI signal pulsation.</li><li>The thermal isolated optic with a counter-current heat exchanger and programmable temperature control, results in an extremly stable baseline and an optimal Signal/Noise ratio od RI1.</li><li>The system can be upgraded with autosampler and fraction collector, or VD 400 Viscometer Detector.</li><li>Data acquisition, processing and instrument control is done by Clarity Chromatography Station with GPC option or Agilent TriSEC software.</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=streamline+p1+pump&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">P1 HPLC pump: Flow Rates</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/detectors/other-hplc-detectors/streamline-ri1-detector/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">RI1 refractive index detector</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/column-thermostats/streamline-ct1-columm-thermostat/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">CT1 Column thermostat</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity™ Chromatography Station</a></li></ul><h5>COMPONENT SPECIFICATION - P1 HPLC pump: Flow Rates</h5><ul><li>Flow Rates: 0.001 to 10.000 mL/min</li><li>Pressure: 0 to 6,000 psi (42 MPa)</li><li>Flow precision: &gt; 0.2% RSD</li><li>Flow accuracy: ± 1 % @ 1mL/min and 7 MPa,</li><li>Pressure accuracy: ± 2% of full-scale, with 80:20 H2O/IPA @ 7 MPa</li><li>Pulsation: ± 0.5 % @ 1mL/min and 7 MPa</li><li>Remote inputs: USB</li></ul><h5>COMPONENT SPECIFICATION - RI1 refractive index detector</h5><ul><li>Light Source: Long-life LED</li><li>Refractive index Range: 1.00 - 1.75 RIU</li><li>Baseline Noise: ± 2.5 nRIU</li><li>Baseline Drift: 200 nRIU/h</li><li>Linearity: &gt; 1000 μRIU</li><li>Flow cell pressure resistance: 5 bar</li><li>Flow cell volume: 15 μl</li><li>Time constant: 0.00/0.01/0.02/0.05/0.1/0.2/0.5/1.0/2.0/5.0/10.0 s</li><li>Analog Output: 1x 0-2.5V</li><li>Outputs: Event 1, Start (OUT), Error (OUT), + 5 V, 24 V Valve</li></ul><h5>COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS - CT1 Column thermostat</h5><ul><li>Temperature range: 10 °C above ambient temperature to 100 °C</li><li>Temperature accuracy: max. 0,5 % of actual temperature</li><li>Temperature stability: RSD &lt; 0,4 %</li><li>Settability: 0,1 °C</li><li>Internal dimensions: 320 x 50 x 30 mm (L x W x H)</li><li>Compartment material: PTFE coated metal</li><li>Compartment connection: USB</li><li>Control: build-in color touch panel, datasystem</li></ul><h5>COMPONENT SPECIFICATIONS - <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity™ Chromatography Station:</a></h5>Advanced chromatographic datastation for data acquisition and evaluation supported with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1004">GPC module for MWD, Mw, Mn, Mz calculation</a>. Enables rutine separations with pre-set methods, containing all experimental and conditions and data evaluation settings. PC Win 10 Professional with LCD monitor included.<h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>SGPC01-001 Streamline™ manual GPC system with Refractive index detector (Includes P1 pump, RI1 detector, CT1i column thermostat with manual injector, solvent rack, Clarity PC station)</li></ul>Optional configurations:<ul><li>ST99-002 Remove CT1i column thermostat with manual injector from system</li><li>SAS90-001 Add AS1 Autosampler to system</li><li>SFC90-001 Add FC1 Fraction collector to system</li></ul>

Watrex SCS 205 GPC Sample cleanup system

The Watrex Streamline SCS 205 Sample Clean-up System is designed for GPC sample pretreatment.

Sample clean-up is an essential method for many routine chromatography applications. One of the most common cases is analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides in complex mixtures.The initial step is an isolation of hydrophobic (lipophilic) components from the rest of the sample mixture by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC).In such configuration, triglycerides (700-900Da) can be isolated from low molecular (200-300Da) PAHs, PCBs or pesticides using GPC steric exclusion. SCS 205 is a dedicated system for GPC sample pretreatment. SCS 205 includes an isocratic pump double piston pump, manual injector with preparative sample loop, PAH/PCB preparative column (200mg sample loading capacity), fraction collector and start-up kit. .The entire system is controlled from a TFT touch display through intuitive screens.After injection and GPC separation, the purified sample (PAHs, PCBs etc.) is captured by an automated fraction collection usinga3-way motorized switching valve. The timing of the collection is predetermined from the elution profile of the pollutants.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SCS_205_Sample_cleanup_system_column_7dce4f25e0.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SCS 205 Sample cleanup system - column"><h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>High performance pollutant izolation from complex matrices</li><li>Eluent flexibility</li><li>Easy programmable</li><li>Easy installation &amp; Simple operation</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SCS_205_Sample_cleanup_system_schema_ad45276ad0.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SCS 205 Sample cleanup system - schema"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SCS_205_Sample_cleanup_system_graph_10ce455cc3.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SCS 205 Sample cleanup system - graph"><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Sampling System: manual valve</li><li>Sample volume: 2 mL loop</li><li>Fraction collection: 50mL flask</li><li>Collection time programming: alternating valve switching to waste/collect/waste</li><li>Display: 4-character</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>SCS205-001 SCS 205 Sample Clean-up System (Price 8 627 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02077 WATREX 250x16 mm PAH Prep column, 10 um</li><li>DGD.3008 WATREX 300x8 mm DeltaGel Mixed-D column, 5 um</li><li>DGB.25020 WATREX 250x20 mm DeltaGel Mixed-B column, 5 um</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/dedicated-instruments/scs-205-sample-clean-up-system/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex xTrovert XT Automatic DNA/RNA extractor

Watrex xTrovert XT is an automatic DNA/RNA extractor. It streamlines the extraction process, making it more efficient and reproducible.

Automatic extractor utilises a simple principle of two pipetting heads serving a 96-well plate.Thanks to easy replacement head options of pipetting with 300 μl tips or 1000 μl tips are available. Automatic optical sensor calibration enables the use of pipetting tips and 96-well plates from virtually any supplier. The device is equipped with two magnetic arms for protocols including paramagnetic SPR beads. It also allows for thermal incubation in the range of 25 to 85 °C. In addition to internal LED lighting, the station is equipped with an integrated UV-C sterilisation unit. Intuitive control from TFT touch panel user interface facilitates easy set-up. xTrovert™ XT is a fully programmable open system where user can create their own workflow scripts downloadable as text files from USB flas disk.<h3>APPLICATIONS</h3><ul><li>Sample prep for PCR testing</li><li>NGS library prep</li><li>Sanger DNA sequencing</li></ul><h3>CURRENT PROTOCOLS</h3><ul><li>DNA/RNA extraction</li><li>DNA purification</li><li>PCR clean-up/desalting</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_x_Trovert_XT_Automatic_DNA_RNA_extractor_Compatible_with_any_magnetic_bead_based_kit_23886eea52.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex xTrovert XT Automatic DNA/RNA extractor - Compatible with any magnetic bead based kit"><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Capacity: 16 or 32 samples/run</li><li>Volume range: 10 – 600 μl</li><li>Temperature: 25 – 85 °C</li><li>Sterilization: UV-C</li><li>Display: 3,5“ TFT touch display</li><li>Connectivity: USB 1.0/2.0</li><li>Power source: 24 V adaptor</li><li>Dimensions in cm: 65(w) x 65(h) x 34(d)</li><li>Weight: 25 kg</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>XTR000-001 xTrovert™ XT Universal robotic pipettor for DNA/RNA extraction &amp; handling</li><li>XTR000-003 Replaceable 8-channel 1000uL pipetting head for xTrovert™ XT</li><li>XTR000-004 Replaceable 8-channel 300uL pipetting head for xTrovert™ XT</li><li>XTR000-100 Deepwell plates (empty) for xTrovert™ XT</li><li>XTR000-220 DNA/RNA extraction kit, mgn. beads, 16-rxns per plate</li></ul>The entire system was designed and developed by Watrex Praha and is manufactured in the Czech Republic and promises a shift in the performance and efficiency of laboratory processes worldwide!You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/laboratory-automation/xtrovert-xt/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex SPR-200 Solvent saver

Watrex SPR-200 Solvent Recycler is designed to save up to 90% of mobile phase during isocratic HPLC.

This Solvent Recycler saves up to 90% of mobile phase by redirection of the pure solvent to the solvent reservoir during the isocratic HPLC. The stand alone device is powered by 5 V DC from power adapter or from computer USB port. Working parameters (Threshold and Delay) are easily set on the display using a membrane keyboard.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SPR_200_Solvent_saver_I_Nputs_694d991f2c.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SPR-200 Solvent saver - INputs">The SPR-220™ Solvent Recycler continuously monitors the output signal of the chromatography detector and displays its current value on the built-in display. A highresolution analog-to-digital converter provides data for further evaluation in the built-in processor. If the input signal level exceeds a preset value (Threshold), the SPR-200 will redirect the flow to the waste.When the signal drops, the solvent recycler waits for the transport delay and then switches the mobile phase back to the reservoir. An autosampler injection marker connected to the SPR-200 ZERO input can be used to zero the input signal at the time of injection.<h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Stand alone operation</li><li>Detachable valve</li><li>Possibility of manual Waste/Recycle switching</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Detector compatibility: compatible with any HPLC detector</li><li>Connection: 1/16″ O.D. tubing, 1/4″-28 flat bottom fittings</li><li>Maximum pressure: 30 p.s.i./0,2 MPa</li><li>Wetted material: PEEK, PTFE</li><li>Input range: +/- 1 V or +/- 100 mV, user selectable</li><li>Computer connection: μUSB</li><li>TTL/contact closure input: configurable (ZERO, start, valve position)</li><li>Power: 5V DC/&lt;100 mA (power supply or computer USB port)</li><li>User interface: large character LCD alphanumeric display + membrane keypad</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>SPR200-001 SPR-200 Solvent Recycler, PEEK version (Price 1 250 € ex VAT)</li><li>SPR200-002 SPR-200 Solvent Recycler, PTFE version (Price 1 250 € ex VAT)</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=SPR-200+Solvent&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex Polymer IEX HPLC columns

Do you need HPLC columns for the determination of organic acids, alcohols and sugars? Columns filled with a monodisperse sorbent based on sulfonated styrenedivinylbenzene.

<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=watrex+polymer+iex&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex Polymer IEX™</a> is the Europe’s leading sorbent for ion exclusion analysis of alcohols, carboxylic acids, sugars, and polysacharides<ul><li>H⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Na⁺ forms</li><li>Unique monodispersed sorbent based on sulfonated polystyrene</li><li>Bulk packing materials available</li></ul><h3>H form</h3>The hydrogen form is suitable for organic acids, alcohols and some sugars in natural materials. The column is particularly suitable for the analysis of fruit drinks, wine, etc. Its great advantage is the high stability of retention times and the wide concentration range of analytes.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Column_250x8mm_IEX_H_4da682fa13.jpg" alt="Watrex: Column 250x8mm IEX H"><h3>Ca form</h3>The calcium form is characterized by good selectivity for the separation of mono- and disaccharides in natural materials. The column must be protected from anions forming insoluble calcium salts (phosphates, sulphates, etc.) and cations with a higher affinity for the sorbent than calcium ions.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Column_250x8mm_IEX_Ca_b840dddcce.jpg" alt="Watrex: Column 250x8mm IEX Ca"><h3>Pb form</h3>The lead form is suitable for the separation of mono- and disaccharides in natural materials. The column must be protected from anions forming insoluble lead salts (phosphates, sulphates, etc.) and cations with a higherUse the appropriate pre-column to extend the life of the analytical column.<h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>WI020223 Watrex 300x8 mm Polymer IEX H form, 8 um</li><li>WI020213 Watrex 300x8 mm Polymer IEX Ca form, 8 um</li><li>WI020253 Watrex 300x8 mm Polymer IEX Pb form, 8 um</li><li>WI02022 Watrex 250x8 mm Polymer IEX H form, 8 um (Price 926 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02021 Watrex 250x8 mm Polymer IEX Ca form, 8 um (Price 926 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02025 Watrex 250x8 mm Polymer IEX Pb form, 8 um (Price 926 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02122 Guard column insert 10x4.0 mm PEEK Polymer IEX H 8 um, 10 pcs</li><li>WI02121 Guard column insert 10x4.0 mm PEEK Polymer IEX Ca 8 um, 10 pcs</li><li>WI029012 Guard column holder (for 10x4.0 mm PEEK insert)</li></ul>

Watrex IonPlus HPLC columns

Do you perform cation or anion analysis and need the right column at an affordable price? Our Watrex IonPlus™ columns are just what you are looking for!

Watrex IonPlus™ are special columns for ion chromatography. The matrix used is styrene-divinylbenzene based and can withstand higher organic modifier content in the mobile phase.<h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/hplc-columns/watrex-columns/ion-exchange/watrex-ionplus-cs19-ic-column-250x46mm/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex IonPlus™ CS19</a></h3><ul><li>Styrene-divinylbenzene, 55% cross-linking (7 μm particle i.d.)</li></ul>The Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 is an optimized column designed for the separation of common cations, small polar amines and moderately hydrophobic and polyvalent cations using simple aqueous eluents and elevated temperatures. They provide excellent separation of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, alkylamines, alkanolamines and biogenic amines.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/HPLC_kolona_Watrex_Ion_Plus_CS_19_738c29ff57/HPLC-kolona-Watrex-IonPlus-CS19.png" alt="Watrex: Separation of anions in a Watrex IonPlus CS19 HPLC column"><h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/hplc-columns/watrex-columns/ion-exchange/watrex-ionplus-as19-ic-column-250x46mm/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex IonPlus™ AS19</a></h3><ul><li>Styrene-divinylbenzene, 55% cross-linking (12 μm particle i.d.).</li></ul>Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 is a column analyzing common inorganic anions including fluorides, chlorites, bromates, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates and sulphates in drinking, underground and waste water or other matrices.<h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/hplc-columns/watrex-columns/ion-exchange/watrex-150x4mm-ic-anion-i-7um/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex IC Anion I</a></h3><ul><li>Styrene-divinylbenzene (7 μm particle i.d.)</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>WCS19250046 Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 IC Column 250x4,6mm, 7 um (Price 1 169 € ex VAT)</li><li>WCS19150030 Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 IC Column 150x3mm, 7 um</li><li>WCS19150040 Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 IC Column 150x4mm, 7 um</li><li>WCS19250030 Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 IC Column 250x3mm, 7 um</li><li>WAS19250046 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 250x4,6mm, 7 um (Price 1 090 € ex VAT)</li><li>WAS19150030 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 150x3mm, 7 um</li><li>WAS19150040 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 150x4mm, 7 um</li><li>WAS19250030 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 250x3mm, 7 um</li><li>WAS1925046 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 250x4.6mm, 12 μm</li><li>WI021540 Watrex IC Anion I 150x4mm, 7 μm (Price 731 € ex VAT)</li><li>CAT12546 WATREX 125×4.6mm Universal Cat II, 7um (Price 584 € ex VAT)</li></ul>

Watrex DeltaGel GPC/SEC columns

Do you need a GPC column for SEC chromatography in organic solvents at an affordable price? Our Watrex Deltagel™ are just what you are looking for!

Watrex DeltaGel™ are special mixed-bed GPC columns for SEC chromatography in organic solvents.The columns are based on polystyrene and are intended especially for separation of synthetic polymers in organic solvents.We offer 4 variants of columns that differ in their separation range.Columns are available in various sizes for both analytical and preparative applications.<h3>Linear range:</h3><ul><li>DeltaGel Mixed-E (0 - 33 000 Da)</li><li>DeltaGel Mixed-D (1 000 - 200 000 Da)</li><li>DeltaGel Mixed-C (5 000 - 500 000 Da)</li><li>DeltaGel Mixed-B (20 000 - 7 000 000)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Delta_Gel_GPC_SEC_kolony_7dfd459a06/Watrex-DeltaGel-GPC-SEC-kolony.jpg" alt="Watrex: DeltaGel GPC SEC columns for the separation of synthetic polymers"><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>DGB.25020 Watrex 250x20 mm DeltaGel™ Mixed-B, 5 um</li><li>DGC.25020 Watrex 250x20 mm DeltaGel™ Mixed-C, 5 um</li><li>DGD.25020 Watrex 250x20 mm DeltaGel™ Mixed-D, 5 um</li><li>DGE.25020 Watrex 250x20 mm DeltaGel™ Mixed-E, 5 um</li><li>DGB.3008 Watrex 300x8 mm DeltaGel™ Mixed-B, 5 um (Price 1 269 € ex VAT)</li><li>DGC.3008 Watrex 300x8 mm DeltaGel™ Mixed-C, 5 um (Price 1 269 € ex VAT)</li><li>DGD.3008 Watrex 300x8 mm DeltaGel™ Mixed-D, 5 um (Price 1 269 € ex VAT)</li><li>DGE.3008 Watrex 300x8 mm DeltaGel™ Mixed-E, 5 um (Price 1 269 € ex VAT)</li><li>DGB.25020G WATREX 30x20 mm DeltaGel™ Mixed-B, 5um, Guard Column</li><li>D2K4101927 Derivatizating agents AQC 5x3 mg</li><li>DGB.0508 WATREX 50×8mm DeltaGel 5 um, Guard column (Price 390 € ex VAT)</li></ul>

Products from Watrex Prague - page 5

Related content

ISC 2026 - Day 2

Basic Principles of Gas Chromatography - Separation and Analysis

CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection