Forced degradation analysis of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 based on analytical anion exchange chromatography coupled to orthogonal characterization

Oligonucleotide and mRNA Analysis Resource Roundup

NIST26 introduces integrated chromatogram processing, deconvolution, and library searching for EI GC-MS and LC-MS/MS data, but the workflow begins with one essential requirement: chromatographic data must be available in the mzML format. In his presentation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/Conversion_to_mz_ML_63e134bb34.pdf">Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing</a>, James Little of Mass Spec Interpretation Services explains how vendor data can be converted to mzML using either instrument-vendor software or the freely available MSConvert tool from ProteoWizard, and highlights several settings that are critical for successful processing in NIST26.<h4>NIST26 Chromatogram processing requires mzML</h4>For the chromatogram-processing workflow described in the presentation, mzML is the accepted input format. Proprietary LC-MS or GC-MS data therefore need to be converted before they can be loaded into the NIST26 chromatogram-processing environment.There are two principal ways to obtain an mzML file:<ul><li>conversion using software supplied by the instrument manufacturer,</li><li>conversion using MSConvert, which is included in the free ProteoWizard software package.</li></ul>Using an open format such as mzML also provides a practical way to move mass spectrometry data between different software environments without relying exclusively on proprietary vendor formats.<h4>Using ProteoWizard and MSConvert</h4>MSConvert is installed as part of the complete ProteoWizard package rather than as a separate application. After installing ProteoWizard, users can access either the graphical MSConvert interface or the command-line version.The presentation recommends the stable release for routine work, while noting that newer or nightly builds may sometimes provide improved support for recently introduced vendor formats or additional control over data-processing filters. This can be particularly relevant when handling vendor files in which centroiding behavior or peak picking requires closer attention.For most users, the graphical interface provides a straightforward route from proprietary raw data to an mzML file suitable for further NIST26 processing.<h4>Start by selecting mzML as the output format</h4>The first step in MSConvert is to select the source file or dataset using the Browse function.The software supports a broad range of mass spectrometry data formats, and the file-selection window can either be restricted to a particular vendor format or set to display any supported spectral format.After selecting the source data, the output format must be set to mzML. The screenshots in the presentation show this setting directly in the MSConvert options panel before the conversion is started.The user can also select the destination folder and other file-output options before adding the selected dataset to the conversion queue.<h4>Add the data and start the conversion</h4>Once the source file and output settings have been selected, the file is added to the conversion list using the Add command.The conversion itself is then launched with Start.For simple datasets that are already stored in the correct spectral representation, this may be all that is required. However, James Little emphasizes an additional requirement that is particularly important for NIST26: the data must be centroided.<h4>Centroided data are required</h4>According to the presentation, profile-mode data are not acceptable for this NIST26 chromatogram-processing workflow. The spectra must instead be in centroided, or peak-picked, form.Profile spectra contain the full measured shape of each mass spectral signal across the m/z axis. Centroided data reduce these profiles to discrete peaks represented by their characteristic m/z and intensity values.If the original vendor data are still in profile mode, centroiding can be performed during conversion by adding the Peak Picking filter in MSConvert.This means that the conversion step can perform two operations at once:vendor raw data → centroiding / peak picking → mzMLThe resulting mzML file can then be used as input for NIST26 chromatogram processing.<h4>Peak Picking must be the first filter</h4>One of the most important practical details in the presentation is the position of the Peak Picking operation in the MSConvert filter sequence.If centroiding is required, Peak Picking must be the first algorithm or filter in the list. Placing another processing function before it can interfere with the intended conversion workflow.MSConvert allows the user to select the Peak Picking filter, define the relevant MS levels, and add it to the processing sequence before starting conversion. The example shown in the presentation applies vendor-based peak picking to selected MS levels.If there is uncertainty about whether the source data are already centroided, the Peak Picking filter can still be included. According to the presentation, applying it to data that are already centroided does not alter the file unnecessarily.This provides a useful safeguard when the acquisition mode of an older dataset is uncertain.<h4>Selecting the appropriate MS levels</h4>Peak picking does not necessarily have to be applied identically to every spectrum in a dataset. MSConvert allows users to specify the MS levels to which the filter should be applied.This is especially relevant for LC-MS/MS data, where a file can contain both precursor-level MS spectra and tandem MS spectra.The conversion settings should therefore reflect the way the original data were acquired and how those data will subsequently be processed in NIST26.<h4>Be aware of changes in file size</h4>The presentation also notes that converted files may become substantially different in size from the original vendor files.This is worth considering when working with large LC-MS/MS datasets or processing batches of chromatograms. The size of the resulting mzML file can depend on the original acquisition mode, centroiding, compression settings, the number of MS levels, and other output parameters.Storage requirements should therefore be considered before converting large collections of raw data.<h4>A simple workflow for preparing data for NIST26</h4>The overall procedure presented by James Little can be summarized as a short sequence:<ol><li>Obtain the original vendor LC-MS or GC-MS data.</li><li>Open the data in MSConvert or use the vendor's own conversion software.</li><li>Select mzML as the output format.</li><li>Check whether the spectra are centroided.</li><li>If necessary, add Peak Picking as the first processing filter.</li><li>Select the appropriate MS levels.</li><li>Add the file to the conversion list.</li><li>Start the conversion.</li><li>Use the resulting mzML file for NIST26 chromatogram processing.</li></ol>The procedure itself is straightforward, but the centroiding requirement is important. A file can have the correct <code>.mzML</code> extension and still be unsuitable for the workflow if its spectra remain in profile mode.<h4>From vendor data to integrated NIST26 processing</h4>File conversion may appear to be a relatively minor step compared with deconvolution, spectral interpretation, and library searching, but it establishes the foundation for the entire downstream workflow.By using mzML as the common input format, NIST26 can process data originating from different instrument platforms through a more consistent workflow. ProteoWizard and MSConvert provide a practical bridge between proprietary mass spectrometry files and this standardized format.The key message from the presentation is therefore simple: convert to mzML, ensure the spectra are centroided, and place Peak Picking first whenever centroiding is required. Once those conditions are met, the data are ready for the integrated chromatogram-processing and library-searching capabilities available in NIST26.

Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing

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Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ 30 Vis Spectrophotometer

Perform both basic and complex analyses with the Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ 30 Visible Spectrophotometer, an intuitive, reliable solution for education or in the lab.

<h3>Designed for Users, Designed for Results</h3>The Thermo Scientific ™ GENESYS ™ 30 is the most thoughtfully designed spectrophotometer available today. Its high resolution color display, large sample compartment, and data export options meet modern expectations for students, educators and lab technicians. The GENESYS 30 blends the simplicity to satisfy novice students with the capabilities that labs need for accurate quantitative analysis.<h4>System Benefits:</h4><ul><li>Large sample compartment with front access simplifies sample handling</li><li>High resolution color display</li><li>Outstanding durability in challenging environments thanks to:</li><li>Waterproof screen</li><li>Sealed, rubberized keypad</li><li>Removable, washable sample compartment</li><li>Sloping surfaces that shed spills</li><li>Chemical resistant PC-ABS covers</li><li>3A linear measurement range for concentrated solutions</li><li>Multi-point quant offers higher measurement confidence</li><li>Traditional monochromator paired with advanced electronics delivers outstanding stability</li><li>Scan mode for spectral analysis and interpretation</li><li>Data any way you want it - excellent snap-on thermal printer or USB data export</li><li>Expanded capabilities with optional VISIONlite software</li><li>2-year warranty</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_GENESYS_30_Vis_Spectrophotometer_4_4442fcccc5.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ 30 Vis Spectrophotometer." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_GENESYS_30_Vis_Spectrophotometer_4_4442fcccc5.jpg 195w," sizes="100vw" width="2103" height="1685"><h3>Modern Power meets Traditional Simplicity</h3><h4>Live Display and Concentration Mode</h4>Replicate the familiar display of absorbance or transmittance, and single standard concentration measurements of prior generation instruments in the GENESYS 30 Live Display mode. All your parameters are set and kept in view on a single screen as the calculated concentration updates every two seconds.<h4>Fixed Mode</h4>Apply a factor to an absorbance measurement at one wavelength, or measure at two wavelengths with two factors and perform addition, subtraction or division of the values. Display results for up ten samples then print, save or clear your data before going on to the next sample series.<h4>Quantitative Analysis with up to Six Standards</h4>Go beyond the basic spectrophotometer by recording and storing up to six standards to calibrate your method. Choose a linear fit with an intercept or forced through zero. Name and save your method on the instrument or back it up to a USB memory device. All data are recorded with an index number (S1 – S10) and a time stamp. The result table accommodates up to ten samples for you to print or save before going on to the next sample series or analysis.<h4>Go negative!</h4>Some methods call for blanking the instrument on a dark standard and reading absorbance in the negative range. Most single beam instruments cannot measure below -0.3A. GENESYS 30 uses advanced signal processing to deliver stable, reliable results down to -3A.<h4>Simple to Sophisticated:</h4>The GENESYS 30 has the flexibility to perform routine analysis one minute and complex analytical methods the next. The custom Analyzer mode enables you to build your formula with up to six wavelengths, six factors, standard arithmetic operators and absorbance values raised to the 2nd or 3rd power. Use the included Windows® application to design your method. Transfer the method to your GENESYS 30 and run it with the touch of a button. Analyzer mode shows your method name and a continuous display of your results. Technicians can write the result down or print it with a time stamp using the printer accessory.<h4>Smarter by Design:&nbsp;</h4>GENESYS 30 offers the convenient SmartStart™ feature that has delighted GENESYS 10S users since its introduction. The SmartStart menu gives you direct access to your 12 favorite methods. Allowing you to work smarter, not harder.<h4>Snap on Printer:&nbsp;</h4>Fast and clear printing when you need it. Add printing capability to your instrument. The snap-on thermal printer installs in moments.&nbsp;<h4>Quick and Simple Lamp Replacement:&nbsp;</h4>No need to remove the cover, just loosen two screws, slide out the old lamp fitting and slide a new one back in. Everything is pre-aligned, just let the new lamp warm up and go back to work.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_GENESYS_30_Vis_Spectrophotometer_3_82082740d3.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ 30 Vis Spectrophotometer: Quick and simple lamp replacement." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_GENESYS_30_Vis_Spectrophotometer_3_82082740d3.jpg 197w," sizes="100vw" width="1737" height="1376"><h3>At Home in the Instructional Laboratory</h3>GENESYS spectrophotometers are core teaching instruments in chemistry and biology laboratories around the world. The Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ 30 allows students and teachers to focus on examining scientific data and learning scientific concepts instead of learning instrumentation.<h4>Easy to Teach, Easy to Learn&nbsp;</h4>Clearly labeled, uniquely colored keys simplify instrument operation. New users require little or no training.<h4>Get Working – Faster!</h4>Large, color digital screen and numeric keypad help you set up methods faster. Simplified software interface gives users maximum control and efficiency.<h4>Designed for Today, Built for Tomorrow – Inside and Out!</h4>On the inside, GENESYS 30 uses advanced optics, electronics and signal processing to deliver superior measurement performance for its class. On the outside, GENESYS 30 presents a tough exterior built to last for years in the most demanding environments.<ul><li>Resistant to spills</li><li>Removable and washable sample compartment</li><li>The sample compartment lid<ul><li>stays where you put it - open or closed</li><li>has a magnetic latch to hold it closed during measurements</li><li>is customer-replaceable should it get broken through abuse</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Simple and Familiar</h4>Open the Live Display application with a single button-press to monitor the absorbance or transmittance live – just like a GENESYS 20 or SPECTRONIC 20. The spectrum indicator shows the color of light being absorbed.<h4>Special support for OD 600 and test-tube measurements</h4>For measurements in test-tubes, the test-tube holder accessory accommodates 100mm x 13mm test-tubes with the lid closed. Or add the tall test-tube adaptor to use larger diameter, taller tubes (up to 150mm, 6 inches) with the lid open. Special OD600 mode for cell growth measurements. Select it from the Home menu and go! No method setup required.<h4>Scanning: Simple and Fast</h4>Find peaks in the spectrum of your sample by scanning across the spectrum in any range from 325nm to 1100nm with 1nm precision and noise-free peaks up to 3A. Use the cursor and zoom controls to identify λmax.<h4>Data you can use</h4><ul><li>Print your scan and stick it into a lab notebook using the printer accessory and optional self-stick printer paper.</li><li>Save the data points of your scan to a USB memory device and load the data into a spreadsheet or graphing program for optimal reporting.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_Genesys_30_USB_stick_A_c45fd86787.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ 30 Vis Spectrophotometer: USB stick." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_Genesys_30_USB_stick_A_c45fd86787.jpg 181w," sizes="100vw" width="543" height="469"><h3>VISIONlite Software</h3>For users who need the power of computerized data analysis, optional Thermo Scientific™ VISIONlite™ software pairs a simple user interface with a wider range of options for experiment design and data analysis.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Genesys_spectrophotometers_ae282fe726.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific - Genesys spectrophotometers: VISIONlite Software." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Genesys_spectrophotometers_ae282fe726.jpg 239w," sizes="100vw" width="1422" height="928"><h4>Scan Application:</h4><ul><li>Automated peak pick and label</li><li>Overlay spectra and print the results</li></ul><h4>Kinetics Application:</h4><ul><li>Data intervals as low as 1 second</li><li>Enzyme rate calculation with factor</li></ul><h4>Quantitative Analysis:</h4><ul><li>Up to 100 standards</li><li>Linear, quadratic or cubic data fits</li></ul><h4>Performance Verification:</h4><ul><li>Full suite of tests to verify performance of your instrument</li><li>Pre-loaded pass/fail limits specific to your instrument</li></ul><h3>GENESYS 30 Accessories</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_GENESYS_30_Vis_Spectrophotometer_59d912ddd3.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ 30 Vis Spectrophotometer: GENESYS 30 Accessories." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_GENESYS_30_Vis_Spectrophotometer_59d912ddd3.jpg 243w," sizes="100vw" width="1444" height="929"><h3>GENESYS 30 Vis Spectrophotometer Specifications</h3><ul><li>Baseline Flatness: &lt;0.003 A, 325 to 1000 nm smoothed</li><li>Compartments:&nbsp;<ul><li>Accessible from top, front or side</li><li>Able to accommodate cells up to 100mm pathlength</li><li>Available accessory for test-tubes up to 25mm diameter and 150mm height</li><li>Removable, washable sample compartment liner with magnetic placement and hold-down</li></ul></li><li>Connections: USB-A, USB-B</li><li>Description: GENESYS 30 VIS Spectrophotometer with EU Power Cable</li><li>Dimensions (L x W x H): 35.5 x 38.5 x 19.5 cm</li><li>Drift: &lt;0.002 A/hr. (At 500 nm after 2 hr. warmup.) Typical &lt;0.004 A/hr. after 1 hr. warmup</li><li>Electrical Requirements: External AC to DC converter. Voltage and Frequency (Hz) selected automatically, 100/250 V, 50/60 Hz</li><li>Keypad: Tactile rubber 23 keys with numeric keypad</li><li>Lamp Life: 1000 hrs.</li><li>Noise: (RMS at 500nm. 60 consecutive measurements)<ul><li>≤0.001A at 0A</li><li>≤0.001A at 1A</li><li>≤0.002A at 2A</li></ul></li><li>Optical Design: Single Beam</li><li>Photometric Accuracy: ±0.002 A (0 to 0.3 A), 0.5% of ABS reading (0.301 A to 2.5 A)</li><li>Photometric Display: -3A to +3A, 0 to 200 000 %T, 0 to 9 999 999 C</li><li>Photometric Range: -3A to +3A</li><li>Photometric Repeatability: ± 0.002 A (Measured at 1.0 A at 546 nm)</li><li>Printer Included: Thermal printer accessory with 80 mm width paper</li><li>Scan Speed: Automatic – up to 1200 nm/min.</li><li>Stray Light: &lt;0.1%T at 340 nm and 400 nm</li><li>Measured using glass cutoff filters or NaNO₂ at 340 nm</li><li>Warranty: 2 years standard with 1 year extension upon registration of the instrument with Thermo Fisher Scientific within 6 months of purchase</li><li>Wavelength Accuracy: ±2 nm</li><li>Wavelength Data Interval: 1 nm</li><li>Wavelength Repeatability: &lt; ±1 nm</li><li>Weight (Metric): 7.5 kg</li><li>Detector Type: Silicon Photodiode</li><li>Display: 5 in. 32-bit Color Display, 800 x 480 pixels</li><li>Languages: English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Arabic</li><li>Wavelength Range: 325 to 1100 nm</li><li>Unit Size: Each</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ 40 Vis Spectrophotometer

Perform routine measurements for quality control or teaching in the chemistry classroom with rugged Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS 40 Vis Spectrophotometer.

<h4>GENESYS - developed for users, designed for results</h4>Built on the foundation of 60 years of spectroscopy experience, the next generation Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ family of Vis/UV-Vis spectrophotometers provides exceptional performance with a contemporary design.<ul><li>Start taking measurements immediately with the simple-to-use, high-resolution, color-display start menu</li><li>Exchange samples with ease with large, accessible sample compartment</li><li>Save your data fast any way you want it with multiple data-export options</li></ul>There is a GENESYS spectrophotometer you can count on to provide accurate, reproducible results for your application requirements.<h3>GENESYS 40 Vis Spectrophotometer</h3>For teaching labs, research labs and industrial QC requiring robust construction, ease-of-use and software capability.<h5>Advanced usability, modern functionality</h5><ul><li>7-inch, high-resolution touchscreen interface</li><li>Local control increases speed and reliability for routine analysis</li><li>Large sample compartment with front access simplifies sample handling</li><li>Wi-Fi ready - save data and methods, print results from on-board control</li></ul><h5>Designed for</h5><ul><li>Chemistry labs</li><li>Routine measurements</li><li>Moderate throughput requirements</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_Genesys_40_Kyveta_A_7955a6a01a.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ GENESYS™ 40 Vis Spectrophotometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Pragolab_Thermo_Scientific_Genesys_40_Kyveta_A_7955a6a01a.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1024"><h3>Walk-up convenience</h3>Simple-to-use, touchscreen user interface features the methods and applications most important to you.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Genesys_spectrophotometers_ae282fe726.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific GENESYS Spectrophotometers" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Genesys_spectrophotometers_ae282fe726.jpg 239w," sizes="100vw" width="1422" height="928"><h5>Flexible computer control</h5>Optional VISIONlite software offers complete control from a Microsoft ® Windows ® computer providing applications for:<ul><li>Scanning</li><li>Quantitative analysis</li><li>Kinetics</li><li>Fixed wavelength measurements</li></ul><h3>GENESYS 40 Vis Spectrophotometer Specifications</h3><ul><li>Baseline Flatness: ±0.005 A</li><li>Compartments:&nbsp;<ul><li>Accessible from top, front or side</li><li>Able to accommodate cells up to 100mm cells</li><li>Available accessory for test tubes up to 25 mm diameter and 150 mm height</li><li>Removable, washable sample compartment liner with magnetic placement and hold-down</li></ul></li><li>Connections:&nbsp;<ul><li>Single USB-A</li><li>Duplex USB-A</li><li>Export data to network or PC via USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi USB adaptor, available&nbsp;</li><li>Print via USB, Ethernet or Wi-Fi USB adaptor available</li></ul></li><li>Dimensions (L x W x H): 35.5 x 38.5 x 19.5 cm</li><li>Drift: (At 500 nm after 1 hour warmup) &lt;0.0010 A/hr.</li><li>Electrical Requirements: External AC to DC converter. Voltage and Frequency (Hz) selected automatically, 100/240 V, 50/60 Hz</li><li>Includes: GENESYS 40 Spectrophotometer</li><li>Keypad: Touchscreen</li><li>Lamp Life: &gt;1000 hrs.</li><li>Noise: (RMS at 500 nm 60 consecutive measurements)<ul><li>≤0.00020A at 0A at 260 and 500 nm</li><li>≤0.00030A at 1A at 260 and 500 nm</li><li>≤0.00040A at 2A at 260 and 500 nm</li></ul></li><li>Optical Design: Dual Beam</li><li>Photometric Accuracy: ±0.002 A at 0.5 A, ±0.004 A at 1.0 A, ±0.008 A at 2.0 A</li><li>Photometric Display: -3A to +5A</li><li>Photometric Range: –3A to +3.5A</li><li>Photometric Repeatability: ±0.001A at 1A measured at 1.0A at 546 nm</li><li>Printer Included: Snap-on printer available</li><li>Scan Speed: Automatic – up to 1800 nm/min.</li><li>Stray Light: &lt;0.05%T at 340 nm and 400 nm</li><li>Warranty: 2 yrs std + 1 yr ext upon reg</li><li>Wavelength Accuracy: ±0.5 nm</li><li>Wavelength Data Interval: 0.2 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 2 nm, 5 nm</li><li>Wavelength Repeatability: &lt; ±0.2 nm</li><li>Weight (Metric): 7.5 kg</li><li>Detector Type: Dual Silicon Photodiodes</li><li>Display: 7 in. High Definition Color Touchscreen, Fixed, 800 x 1280 pixels</li><li>Light Source: Tungsten Halogen</li><li>Spectral Bandwidth: 5 nm</li><li>Wavelength Range: 325 to 1100 nm</li><li>Unit Size: Each</li></ul>

Watrex SYRINGE FILTERS

Syringe filters (filters for syringes) are a universal tool that ensures sample purity and prevents contamination of analytical instruments.

Syringe filters (filters for syringes) are a universal tool that ensures sample purity and prevents contamination of analytical instruments. They are single-use filters used for precise filtration of liquids before their application or analysis.Pore Size: Filters come in various pore sizes, ranging from 0.2 μm to 5 μm, depending on the required level of filtration. Smaller pores (e.g., 0.22 μm) are often used for sterilizing solutions, as they capture bacteria and other microorganisms.We offer syringe filters in the following sizes: 4 mm, 13 mm, 25 mm, and 30 mm, all available with pore sizes of 0.22 μm and 0.45 μm.Filter Material: Syringe filters are made from different materials that are compatible with various sample types. It is important to select the correct filter material based on the chemical composition of the sample. We offer syringe filters made from the following materials:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SYRINGE_FILTRY_b6ffda00e2.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SYRINGE FILTERS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Watrex_SYRINGE_FILTRY_b6ffda00e2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1808" height="1017"><h4>Nylon</h4><ul><li>Suitable for aqueous solutions and most organic solvents.</li><li>It has strong mechanical stability and excellent chemical compatibility with esters, bases, phenols, and alcohols.</li></ul><h4>PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)</h4><ul><li>Chemically resistant to most organic solvents.</li><li>It has very broad chemical and thermal compatibility.</li><li>PTFE filters are recommended for strong acids and bases and are excellent for filtration and degassing chromatography.</li></ul><h4>PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride)</h4><ul><li>Suitable for biological samples.</li><li>It has good chemical resistance and low UV absorption.</li><li>Commonly used for filtering all water-based samples and most solvents.</li></ul><h4>PES (Polyester)</h4><ul><li>Ideal for water-based samples, especially biological ones, with a fast and high flow rate.</li></ul><h4>MCE (Mixed Cellulose Esters)</h4><ul><li>Ideal for aqueous samples, tissue cultures, and sensitive biological samples.</li><li>It has lower chemical resistance, excellent water flow, and a better cutoff effect.</li></ul><h4>PP (Polypropylene)</h4><ul><li>Ideal for filtering all water-based samples and most solvents.</li><li>Used for general filtration of biological samples, solvents, deionized water, and reducing biological load.</li><li>It has good thermal compatibility.</li></ul><h5>Examples of Use:</h5><ol><li>Sterilization of solutions: Filtration can remove bacteria and other microorganisms from solutions.</li><li>Sample purification: Samples are filtered before analysis to remove solid particles that could contaminate analytical instruments or affect analysis results.</li><li>Preparation for chromatography: Filtration before entering devices like HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) to ensure sample purity.</li></ol>You can also visit the full range of syringe filters on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=syringe+filters&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex application and R&D laboratory

Watrex application and R&D laboratory is providing a range of analyses.

Watrex application and R&amp;D laboratory is providing a range of analyses with special focus in the following fields:<ul><li>Chemical analysis for construction industry</li><li>Environmental analysis</li><li>Sample preparation including online solid-phase extraction protocols</li><li>Development of methods for pharmaceutical analysis</li><li>Characterization of synthetic polymers by GPC</li><li>Column technology and methods for chiral separation</li><li>Parameters evaluation and testing in ion chromatography applications</li></ul><h5>Our ready-to-go tests include:</h5><ul><li>Analysis of carbohydrates</li><li>Characterization of polymers</li><li>Analysis of organic acids</li><li>Construction analysis</li><li>Analysis of ions, pH and water hardness</li></ul>

ECOM ECP201L Preparative HPLC Pump

Preparative HPLC pump with a flow rate range of up to 1000 ml/min.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">The ECP201L Preparative Pump is an innovative, powerful, and cost-effective unit for preparative liquid chromatography where high pressure is needed.&nbsp;The pump with 4 low-pressure valves delivers a flow rate of up to 1000 ml/min at a very&nbsp;high output pressure of up to 15 MPa (2176 psi).<h3>Main features and benefits</h3><ul><li>Durability&nbsp;– The pump is constructed for high pressure and flow rates. This makes it suitable for day-to-day long-term use in production</li><li>Wide application possibilities – The unit is used for pharmaceutical separations and plant extract purification, such as cannabinoids, peptides, and oligonucleotides. Also, it has much wider use in other chemical production, such as dosing into chemical reactors, and in various laboratory uses. Another advantage is the usability of the same device for separation method development.</li><li>Smart controls and diagnostics&nbsp;– It is easy to operate, especially with ECOMAC and Clarity software. This makes unit management powerful and convenient. The basic version of the ECOMAC software is available free of charge. It is also used for service and diagnostics.</li><li>Other useful features<ul style="list-style-type:circle;"><li>A new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression</li><li>A leakage sensor</li><li>A seal wash kit for longer piston seal life</li><li>Also available in configurations made of&nbsp;certified bio-inert materials</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Parameters</h4><ul><li>Flow rate: 1– 1000 ml/min</li><li>Maximum operating pressure: 15 MPa up to 1000 ml/min</li><li>Flow rate setting: 1 ml/min steps</li><li>Repeatability of flow rate adjusting:&nbsp;± 1 %</li><li>Accuracy of flow rate setting:&nbsp;± 2 %</li><li>Wetted materials:&nbsp;stainless steel, PEEK, TefzelTM, PE, ceramic, seals</li><li>Communication:&nbsp;RS232,Ethernet (LAN),USB,Remote digital I/O</li><li>Power supply:&nbsp;100-240V VAC</li><li>Power input: 500 VA</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D:&nbsp;276 x 153 x 620 mm (10.87 x 6.14 x 24.40 in)</li><li>Weight:&nbsp;26 kg (57.32 lb)</li><li>Pressure Compensation Learning:&nbsp;yes&nbsp;</li></ul></div>

ECOM PREPBOX A3L8E Chromatography Separation System

PREPBOX is a compact alternative to modular preparative systems. It is assembled according to the customer's wishes.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">Complete preparative modular system with one basic gradient pump and optionally secondary pump for repetitive sampling or with injection valve. Also switching valve for&nbsp;<abbr title="Countercurrent Chromatography">CCC</abbr> applications. PDA four channel detector up to 800&nbsp;nm.&nbsp;It is assembled according to the customer's wishes. It is used for high-capacity systems or with centrifugal chromatography systems like in pharmaceutical purification of cannabis extracts (<abbr title="Cannabidiol">CBD</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabinol">CBN</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabigerol">CBG</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabichromene">CBC</abbr>, <abbr title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</abbr>...).ECOMAC SW installed at internal PC controls the system. Fractions are collected by means of&nbsp;10 position valve&nbsp; It is necessary to purchase an operating system for the PREPBOX&nbsp;- in most cases we recommend Windows OS&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;ABB90000) or Linux&nbsp;(on request). The system also supports the Clarity software. It is also possible to purchase a wireless mouse and keyboard set&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0028) and a computer monitor&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0027).<h5>TOY18DAD 800L Detector</h5>It is UV-VIS diode array detector, which allow measuring absorbance of four wavelengths in range of 200-800&nbsp;nm simultaneously in one cell just as scanning of whole spectra.<h5>ECP201L Preparative HPLC Pump</h5>Preparative pump suited for preparative liquid chromatography with very high pressure up to 15&nbsp;MPa&nbsp;at flow rate of 1000&nbsp;ml/min. Advantage of this pump is a very stable run even at low flow rates.<h5>ECP2300 Preparative Gradient Pump</h5>Preparative HPLC pump suited for&nbsp;preparative&nbsp;applications in liquid chromatography with a pressure up to 15 MPa at flow rate of 300&nbsp;ml/min.&nbsp;New sophisticated unit allows achieving a precise&nbsp;low-pressure gradient, i.e. gradual changes of solvent composition by mixing&nbsp;up to four liquids&nbsp;at the pump entry.<h3>Parameters</h3><ul><li>Interface: 5x USB, HDMI, 2X RS232, LAN, VGA</li><li>Power supply: 100 - 240 V AC</li><li>Power input: 490 W</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D: 405x490x525 mm (15.94x19.29x20.67 in)</li><li>Weight: 55 kg</li></ul></div>

ECOM COMPACT SEMI-PREPARATIVE SYSTEM (10 ml/min, ECS08)

A highly effective Compact semi-preparative system containing UV-VIS DAD detector, analytical gradient pump with degasser, automatic inject valve and fraction collector.

A highly effective Compact semi-preparative system containing&nbsp;UV-VIS DAD detector, analytical gradient pump with degasser, automatic inject valve and fraction collector. The detector allows absorbance measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectrum.The system is controlled by a built-in PC and touchscreen.A modular solution allows configuring the unit according to customer needs. This system contains a detector with a wavelength range of 200 –&nbsp; 800 nm, a pump with a flow rate up to 10 ml/min and a fraction collector.<h3>Main parts</h3><h5>TOY18DAD800L DETECTOR</h5>It is a UV-VIS diode array detector, which allows measuring the absorbance of&nbsp;four wavelengths in a range of 200–800 nm simultaneously in one cell&nbsp;just as scanning of whole spectra. Standardly is assembled with preparative cell PLCC07L, but other cells are available.<h5>ECF2096 FRACTION COLLECTOR</h5>Fractions are collected according to chosen method, which is simply created using a touch screen. Racks for 8, 21,40 ml tubes, 60 ml vials or 12 funnels, 30 mm.<h5>AUTOMATIC INJECT VALVE</h5>The valve is driven by a step motor and it is automatically switched by software. The system also allows manual sample injection by opening the column.<h5>SYSTEM PC INFO</h5>Installed industrial PC with Intel Atom 4 core processor. OS Linux, Touch screen 12,1“ 1024 x 786, SW QUEEN controls: gradient, flow rate, wavelengths, fractions collection etc. Remote administration is available. Possibility of measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectra. Furthermore, the possibility of displaying 3D data.&nbsp;<h5>ECP2010 ANALYTICAL GRADIENT PUMP</h5>Modified for the compact system,&nbsp;analytical gradient pump with degasser&nbsp;and with flow rate up to 10 ml/min&nbsp;(40 MPa, 5082 PSI).&nbsp;Unit software includes a new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression and many testing and diagnostic functions. Four gradient valves allow changing mobile phases without bottles alternation.&nbsp;<h3>COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3><ul><li>Interface: 3xUSB, 2xLAN, RS232</li><li>Power supply: 100 - 240 V AC</li><li>Power input: 400 W</li><li>Dimensions (W x H x D): 500 x 678 x 482 mm (19.69 x 26.69 x 18.98")</li><li>Weight: 55 kg (121.30 lb)</li></ul><h5>Detector</h5><ul><li>Wavelength range: 200 - 800 nm &nbsp; (256 elements on CCD)</li><li>Number of channels (Signals): 4</li><li>Scan: 200 - 800 nm,up to &nbsp;20 Hz, step 1 nm</li><li>Typical spectral half-width: 10 mn</li><li>Accuracy of adjustment / Reproducibility: ± 1 nm / ±0.5 nm</li><li>Noise level at test cell (254 nm, TC 0.75s): ± 5 x 10-5 AU</li><li>Drift at test cell (254 nm after 1 h): 1 x 10-3 AU/hr</li><li>Materials in contact with mobile phase: FEP; fused silica, stainless steel, PEEK</li><li>Time constant (T63): 0.5 s, 0.75 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, 4.0 s, 8.0 s, 16.0 s, 0.2 s, 0.1 s</li></ul><h5>Fraction collector</h5><ul><li>Available racks (two racks per unit)<ul><li>EC08 48 tubes of 8 ml</li><li>EC21 36 tubes of 21 ml</li><li>EC40 24 tubes of 40 ml</li><li>EC60 20 vials of 60 ml</li><li>F12A 12 funnels, 30 mm</li></ul></li><li>Maximum flow rate for tubes 8 ml: max. 50 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for tubes 21, 40 ml: max. 300 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for vials 60 ml: max. 300 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for funnels: max. 500 ml/min</li><li>Wetted materials: FEP, Tefzel®, PPS, KEL-F, PTFE, PEEK, SS 316, SIMAX glass</li><li>Input tubing: OD 1/8“ x ID 1/16“ FEP</li></ul><h5>Pump</h5><ul><li>Flow rate: 0.02 - 10.00 ml/min</li><li>Maximum operating pressure: 40 MPa (5082 PSI)</li><li>Repeatability of flow rate adjusting: ± 0.5 %</li><li>Accuracy of flow rate setting: ± 2 %</li><li>Wetted materials: stainless steel, sapphire, KEL-F, seals*</li><li>Output capillary outer diameter: 1/16”</li><li>Input tubing outer diameter: 1/8”</li><li>Gradient valves control module - OPTIONALLY: Up to four valves</li></ul>

ECOM COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM (50 ml/min, ECS58)

A highly effective Compact preparative system containing UV-VIS DAD detector, analytical gradient pump with degasser, automatic inject valve and fraction collector.

A highly effective Compact preparative system containing&nbsp;UV-VIS DAD detector, analytical gradient pump with degasser, automatic inject valve and fraction collector. The detector allows absorbance measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectrum.The system is controlled by a built-in PC and touchscreen.A modular solution allows configuring the unit according to customer needs. This system contains a detector with a wavelength range of 200 –&nbsp; 800 nm, a pump with a flow rate up to 10 ml/min and a fraction collector.<h3>Main parts</h3><h5>TOY18DAD800L DETECTOR</h5>It is a UV-VIS diode array detector, which allows measuring the absorbance of&nbsp;four wavelengths in a range of 200–800 nm simultaneously in one cell&nbsp;just as scanning of whole spectra. Standardly is assembled with preparative cell PLCC07L, but other cells are available.<h5>ECF2096 FRACTION COLLECTOR</h5>Fractions are collected according to chosen method, which is simply created using a touch screen. Racks for 8, 21,40 ml tubes, 60 ml vials or 12 funnels, 30 mm.<h5>AUTOMATIC INJECT VALVE</h5>The valve is driven by a step motor and it is automatically switched by software. The system also allows manual sample injection by opening the column.<h5>SYSTEM PC INFO</h5>Installed industrial PC with Intel Atom 4 core processor. OS Linux, Touch screen 12,1“ 1024 x 786, SW QUEEN controls: gradient, flow rate, wavelengths, fractions collection etc. Remote administration is available. Possibility of measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectra. Furthermore, the possibility of displaying 3D data.&nbsp;<h5>ECP2050 PREPARATIVE GRADIENT PUMP</h5>Modified for the compact system,&nbsp;quaternary gradient pumps&nbsp;with flow rate up to&nbsp;50 ml/min&nbsp;(30 MPa, 4351 PSI).&nbsp;Unit software includes a new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression and many testing and diagnostic functions.<h3>COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3><ul><li>Interface: 3xUSB, 2xLAN, RS232</li><li>Power supply: 100 - 240 V AC</li><li>Power input: 400 W</li><li>Dimensions (W x H x D): 500 x 678 x 482 mm (19.69 x 26.69 x 18.98")</li><li>Weight: 55 kg (121.30 lb)</li></ul><h5>Detector</h5><ul><li>Wavelength range: 200 - 800 nm &nbsp; (256 elements on CCD)</li><li>Number of channels (Signals): 4</li><li>Scan: 200 - 800 nm,up to &nbsp;20 Hz, step 1 nm</li><li>Typical spectral half-width: 10 mn</li><li>Accuracy of adjustment / Reproducibility: ± 1 nm / ±0.5 nm</li><li>Noise level at test cell (254 nm, TC 0.75s): ± 5 x 10-5 AU</li><li>Drift at test cell (254 nm after 1 h): 1 x 10-3 AU/hr</li><li>Materials in contact with mobile phase: FEP; fused silica, stainless steel, PEEK</li><li>Time constant (T63): 0.5 s, 0.75 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, 4.0 s, 8.0 s, 16.0 s, 0.2 s, 0.1 s</li></ul><h5>Fraction collector</h5><ul><li>Available racks (two racks per unit)<ul><li>EC08 48 tubes of 8 ml</li><li>EC21 36 tubes of 21 ml</li><li>EC40 24 tubes of 40 ml</li><li>EC60 20 vials of 60 ml</li><li>F12A 12 funnels, 30 mm</li></ul></li><li>Maximum flow rate for tubes 8 ml: max. 50 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for tubes 21, 40 ml: max. 300 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for vials 60 ml: max. 300 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for funnels: max. 500 ml/min</li><li>Wetted materials: FEP, Tefzel®, PPS, KEL-F, PTFE, PEEK, SS 316, SIMAX glass</li><li>Input tubing: OD 1/8“ x ID 1/16“ FEP</li></ul><h5>Pump</h5><ul><li>Flow rate: 0.1 – 50 ml/min</li><li>Maximum operating pressure: 30 MPa (4351 PSI)</li><li>Flow rate setting: 0.1 ml/min steps</li><li>Repeatability of flow rate adjusting: ± 0.5 %</li><li>Accuracy of flow rate setting: ± 2 %</li><li>Wetted materials: stainless steel, PEEK, TefzelTM, PE, ceramic, seals *</li><li>Output capillary outer diameter: 1/8”</li><li>Input tubing outer diameter: 1/8”</li><li>Gradient valves control module - OPTIONALLY: Up to six valves</li></ul>

ECOM COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM (250 ml/min, ECS28)

A highly effective Compact preparative system containing UV-VIS DAD detector, preparative gradient pump, an automatic inject valve, and a fraction collector. 

A highly effective Compact semi-preparative system containing&nbsp;UV-VIS DAD detector, preparative gradient pump, an automatic inject valve, and a fraction collector. The detector allows absorbance measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectrum.The system is controlled by a built-in PC and touchscreen.A modular solution allows configuring the unit according to customer needs. This system contains a detector with a wavelength range of 200 –&nbsp; 800 nm, a pump with a flow rate up to 10 ml/min and a fraction collector.<h3>Main parts</h3><h5>TOY18DAD800L DETECTOR</h5>It is a UV-VIS diode array detector, which allows measuring the absorbance of&nbsp;four wavelengths in a range of 200–800 nm simultaneously in one cell&nbsp;just as scanning of whole spectra. Standardly is assembled with preparative cell PLCC07L, but other cells are available.<h5>ECF2096 FRACTION COLLECTOR</h5>Fractions are collected according to chosen method, which is simply created using a touch screen. Racks for 8, 21,40 ml tubes, 60 ml vials or 12 funnels, 30 mm.<h5>AUTOMATIC INJECT VALVE</h5>The valve is driven by a step motor and it is automatically switched by software. The system also allows manual sample injection by opening the column.<h5>SYSTEM PC INFO</h5>Installed industrial PC with Intel Atom 4 core processor. OS Linux, Touch screen 12,1“ 1024 x 786, SW QUEEN controls: gradient, flow rate, wavelengths, fractions collection etc. Remote administration is available. Possibility of measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectra. Furthermore, the possibility of displaying 3D data.&nbsp;<h5>ECP2200 PREPARATIVE GRADIENT PUMP</h5>Modified for the compact system,&nbsp;quaternary gradient pumps&nbsp;with flow rate up to&nbsp;250 ml/min&nbsp;(30 MPa at 100 ml/min and then linearly down up to 15 MPa at 250 ml/min).&nbsp;Unit software includes a new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression and many testing and diagnostic functions.<h3>COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3><ul><li>Interface: 3xUSB, 2xLAN, RS232</li><li>Power supply: 100 - 240 V AC</li><li>Power input: 400 W</li><li>Dimensions (W x H x D): 500 x 678 x 482 mm (19.69 x 26.69 x 18.98")</li><li>Weight: 55 kg (121.30 lb)</li></ul><h5>Detector</h5><ul><li>Wavelength range: 200 - 800 nm (256 elements on CCD)</li><li>Number of channels (Signals): 4</li><li>Scan: 200 - 800 nm,up to &nbsp;20 Hz, step 1 nm</li><li>Typical spectral half-width: 10 mn</li><li>Accuracy of adjustment / Reproducibility: ± 1 nm / ±0.5 nm</li><li>Noise level at test cell (254 nm, TC 0.75s): ± 5 x 10-5 AU</li><li>Drift at test cell (254 nm after 1 h): 1 x 10-3 AU/hr</li><li>Materials in contact with mobile phase: FEP; fused silica, stainless steel, PEEK</li><li>Time constant (T63): 0.5 s, 0.75 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, 4.0 s, 8.0 s, 16.0 s, 0.2 s, 0.1 s</li></ul><h5>Fraction collector</h5><ul><li>Available racks (two racks per unit)<ul><li>EC08 48 tubes of 8 ml</li><li>EC21 36 tubes of 21 ml</li><li>EC40 24 tubes of 40 ml</li><li>EC60 20 vials of 60 ml</li><li>F12A 12 funnels, 30 mm</li></ul></li><li>Maximum flow rate for tubes 8 ml: max. 50 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for tubes 21, 40 ml: max. 300 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for vials 60 ml: max. 300 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for funnels: max. 500 ml/min</li><li>Wetted materials: FEP, Tefzel®, PPS, KEL-F, PTFE, PEEK, SS 316, SIMAX glass</li><li>Input tubing: OD 1/8“ x ID 1/16“ FEP</li></ul><h5>Pump</h5><ul><li>Flow rate: 0.5 – 250 ml/min</li><li>Maximum operating pressure: 30 MPa (4351 PSI) up to 100 ml/min then &nbsp;linearly down up to</li><li>Flow rate setting: 0.1 ml/min steps</li><li>Repeatability of flow rate adjusting: ± 1 %</li><li>Accuracy of flow rate setting: ± 2 %</li><li>Wetted materials: stainless steel, PEEK, TefzelTM, PE, ceramic, seals *</li><li>Output capillary outer diameter: 1/8”</li><li>Input tubing outer diameter: 1/8”</li><li>Gradient valves control module - OPTIONALLY: Up to six valves</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA Educational 400 bar HPLC System

Based on our KNAUER AZURA Compact HPLC: Robust, modern and cost-effective.

We would like to support you in your efforts to teach chromatography in theory and practice with the KNAUER AZURA Educational System. Our special package for training includes:<ul><li>KNAUER AZURA Compact HPLC as a complete solution: an isocratic HPLC system with manual injection valve, pump, HPLC column and UV detector as well as eluent tray and solvent bottles.</li><li>Intuitive and up-to-date: The clearly defined layout helps to understand the different functions of the HPLC system. All important components are easy to access and maintain.&nbsp;</li><li>A laptop and the HPLC software ClarityChrom® to control the system and analyze results. Alternatively, KNAUER´s Mobile Control can also be used.</li><li>Training material: flow chart for installation and capillary connection, detailed application note and video tutorials.</li><li>Beyond the detailled described example application, many other easy applications are also possible on this system</li></ul>If you are more interested in a fully equipped HPLC system for daily routine analyses, we recommend the KNAUER AZURA HPLC 862 bar systems.<h3>Specifications</h3><ul><li>Back pressure range: 400 bar max.</li><li>Flow rate range: 0.001–10 ml/min</li><li>Recommended continuous flow rate: 0.1–4 ml/min</li><li>Available pump systems: Isocratic</li><li>Injection options:&nbsp;Manual, optionally automatted via electrial injection valve</li><li>Injection volume rangev:&nbsp;1 µl–5000 µl depending on sample loop and injection syringe</li><li>Column thermostatting range: Ambient</li><li>Choice of detectors:&nbsp;UVD</li><li>Choice of software packages: ClarityChrom® CDS, Mobile Control</li></ul><h3>System components</h3><div><div>By choosing the most suitable component options for your specific application task, the AZURA system adapts to your needs.</div></div><h4>Isocratic pump system</h4>The AZURA® P 4.1S isocratic compact pump is the easiest solution and can be applied, whenever an isocratic run is needed. It features an integrated pressure sensor, which ensures pressure-independent flow rate accuracy.&nbsp;Choose between specialized pump heads for reversed phase and normal phase applications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Isocratic_pump_system_6cc15acad6.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Isocratic pump system" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Isocratic_pump_system_6cc15acad6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1415" height="764"><h4>Sample Injection</h4><h5>Manual injection valve</h5>KNAUER Manual injection valves V 4.1 are the easiest and most cost- effective way to inject your sample. Equippable with different sample loops, the manual injection valve can be used for a wide range of injection volumes.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Manual_injection_valve_ff921b5148.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Manual injection valve" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Manual_injection_valve_ff921b5148.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1309" height="541"><h5>Electrically driven injection valve</h5>Whenever you need higher reproducibility and want to get user-independent results, a manual injection valve can be upgraded to an electrically switching injection valve using the KNAUER smart valve drive VU 4.1. The sample can still be applied manually, but the injection into the HPLC system is automated.For the KNAUER AZURA 400 bar Compact systems, it can be installed&nbsp;as a module in the ASM 2.2L.<h4>Column selection and thermostat</h4>Optionally available for the KNAUER AZURA Educational system. The forced air column thermostat AZURA CT 2.1 is capable of heating or cooling from 5 to 85 °C. The powerful fan and robust peltier element keep the column at a very stable temperature, thus allowing reproducible analysis results.&nbsp;Optional eluent preheating cartridges can be installed.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Column selection and thermostat" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="881"><h4>Detection</h4><h5>UV/VIS detectors with single variable wavelength</h5>The AZURA UVD 2.1S is a highly competitive single variable wavelength UV detector for HPLC. It offers excellent technical specifications for routine laboratory work.&nbsp;The installed deuterium lamp covers a wavelength range from 190 to 500 nm.&nbsp;Due to a smart design, the flow cell is easily accessible and can be changed very quickly.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Compact_variable_single_wavelength_UV_detector_for_ASM_2_2_L_71a87b3680.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Compact variable single wavelength UV detector for ASM 2.2L" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Compact_variable_single_wavelength_UV_detector_for_ASM_2_2_L_71a87b3680.jpg 243w," sizes="100vw" width="1199" height="769"><h4>Software solutions</h4><h5>Mobile Control</h5>The Mobile Control is an intuitive and cost-effective software solution for controlling and monitoring your AZURA devices and systems. The clear system overview provides instant information on key parameters and system status. Adjust and operate single devices or even whole systems with a few fingertips.&nbsp;The well-structured block programming assists you to clearly and quickly automate device control. A smart user management makes the Mobile Control safe. Device parameters can only be changed by authorized operators.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Mobile Control software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg 241w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="830"><h5>ClarityChrom® CDS</h5>ClarityChrom is an easy-to-use chromatography data system for workstations. The optional control extensions for GC, PDA and GPC allow to use the software for a wide range of applications.&nbsp;

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