Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are where so much of biology’s complexity lives, but they are also some of the hardest molecular features to analyze with confidence. Phosphorylation, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) often occur at low abundance, can be highly labile, and frequently require precise site localization to understand their biological meaning. This<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_004377_ov_phosphorylation_ptm_etd_excedion_pro_tn004377_na_en_71f681655f.pdf"> technical note </a>shows how the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1958">Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Excedion Pro Hybrid Mass Spectrometer</a> helps address those challenges by combining fast, sensitive performance with complementary <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/7217">HCD and EThcD fragmentation</a> workflows.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Phosphorylation_ADMA_and_O_Glc_N_Ac_Analysis_on_the_Orbitrap_Excedion_Pro_Mass_Spectrometer_d24a5de98e.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Phosphorylation, ADMA, and O-GlcNAc Analysis on the Orbitrap Excedion Pro Mass Spectrometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Phosphorylation_ADMA_and_O_Glc_N_Ac_Analysis_on_the_Orbitrap_Excedion_Pro_Mass_Spectrometer_d24a5de98e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="512">Using enriched PTM samples and automated data-dependent acquisition, the study demonstrates that the Orbitrap Excedion Pro MS can deliver both depth and confidence across multiple PTM classes. For phosphorylation analysis, the platform identified 5,892 unique phosphosites from IMAC-enriched samples and 2,941 unique phosphotyrosine sites after phosphotyrosine enrichment, highlighting strong performance for both broad and highly targeted signaling studies. Just as importantly, the data show that HCD and EThcD provide complementary value, with each fragmentation method contributing unique site identifications and helping resolve ambiguous assignments.The note also highlights the value of EThcD for more analytically demanding PTMs. In ADMA-enriched samples, EThcD delivered more ADMA peptide-spectrum matches and more unique modified peptides than HCD, supporting improved confidence in site characterization. For O-glycopeptides, the Orbitrap Excedion Pro MS uses an intelligent HCD-product-dependent-EThcD strategy that triggers EThcD only when oxonium ions are detected, improving productivity while preserving the fragmentation detail needed for confident glycosite localization.Overall, this technical note shows how Orbitrap Excedion Pro MS enables researchers to go deeper into PTM biology with greater sensitivity, better site confidence, and smarter acquisition. For scientists studying signaling, regulation, and disease mechanisms, it presents a powerful approach for expanding PTM coverage without compromising analytical rigor.<blockquote><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_004377_ov_phosphorylation_ptm_etd_excedion_pro_tn004377_na_en_71f681655f.pdf">Download the technical note "Advancing phosphorylation, ADMA, and O-GlcNAc PTM analysis with HCD and EThcD on the Orbitrap Excedion Pro mass spectrometer"</a></h5></blockquote>Visit us on&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a>&nbsp;#PTM #OrbitrapExcedionPro #glycosylation #phosphorylation

Phosphorylation, ADMA, and O-GlcNAc Analysis on the Orbitrap Excedion Pro Mass Spectrometer

<h3>Refractive Index (RI) Detection in HPLC – Making Invisible Compounds Visible</h3>When HPLC detectors are discussed, UV-Vis absorbance detection is often the first technique that comes to mind. Its popularity is easy to understand: it is sensitive, selective, and suitable for a wide range of compounds. But what happens when the analyte does not absorb ultraviolet or visible light?This is where the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/2429">Refractive Index Detector (RID)</a> becomes particularly useful. Reliable, versatile, and often described as a “universal detector” for HPLC, RI detection can reveal compounds that remain invisible to many optical detectors. For substances such as sugars, polymers, lipids, or alcohols, it is often an important analytical option.Let’s look at how RI detection works, where it performs best, what its main limitations are, and how to achieve stable, reproducible results.<h4>How RI Detection Works</h4>When light passes from one medium into another, its path changes direction, or refracts, depending on the phase velocity and angle of incidence. This phenomenon is described by Snell’s law, with the extent of refraction determined by the refractive index (RI) of the medium (Figure 1).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Figure_1_Refraction_of_light_at_the_interface_between_two_media_with_different_refractive_indices_baa4aad28c.webp" alt="KNAUER: Figure 1: Refraction of light at the interface between two media with different refractive indices, where n₁ &gt; n₂. Since the velocity is lower in the second medium (v₂ &lt; v₁), the angle of refraction α₂ is less than the angle of incidence α₁." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Figure_1_Refraction_of_light_at_the_interface_between_two_media_with_different_refractive_indices_baa4aad28c.webp 238w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="670">In HPLC, an RI detector monitors small changes in the refractive index of the mobile phase as compounds elute from the column. Because each substance has its own refractive index, even relatively small changes in the composition of the column effluent can generate a measurable response.Modern RI detectors generally use a differential optical design (Figure 2). Two optical paths are continuously compared: one passes through a reference cell containing pure mobile phase, while the other passes through a sample cell containing the column effluent, i.e. mobile phase plus analyte.A light source, commonly an LED or tungsten lamp, illuminates both cells. Changes in refractive index alter the path of the light, and a photodiode detects the resulting deviation.When only mobile phase is present, the two optical paths are effectively identical and no significant detector response is produced. As an analyte enters the sample cell, however, the refractive index changes. The light beam is slightly deflected, creating an optical imbalance and consequently a change in light intensity.The detector converts this change into an electrical signal, which appears as a chromatographic peak. Because the response is related to analyte concentration, RI detection can also be used for quantitative analysis.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Figure_2_Schematic_of_a_differential_RI_detector_with_dual_flow_cell_6299f55b17.webp" alt="KNAUER: Figure 2: Schematic of a differential RI detector with dual flow cell. The sample cell carries column effluent; the reference cell contains pure mobile phase. A light beam passes through both and forms a slit image on a photodiode. Any analyte-induced change in refractive index alters the beam’s path, shifting the image on the photodiode and generating a signal peak." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Figure_2_Schematic_of_a_differential_RI_detector_with_dual_flow_cell_6299f55b17.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="524">For reliable measurements, the reference cell must always contain the same mobile phase as the sample cell, but without analyte. It therefore needs to be refreshed regularly with clean mobile phase, commonly using a switching valve and/or T-piece (Figure 3).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Figure_3_Flow_path_in_the_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_during_analysis_left_and_flushing_right_e6bc30acef.webp" alt="KNAUER: Figure 3: Flow path in the AZURA® RID 2.1L during analysis (left) and flushing (right). During analysis, solvent flows from the IN port through the heat exchanger and sample cell, then continues through the T piece and flush valve to the OUT port. During flushing, the valve redirects the flow through the T piece so the solvent passes a second heat exchanger and reference cell before exiting via the OUT port." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Figure_3_Flow_path_in_the_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_during_analysis_left_and_flushing_right_e6bc30acef.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="410">It is important to remember that refractive index depends on both light wavelength and medium density. The wavelength is fixed by the optical design of the detector, but density—and therefore refractive index—changes with temperature, pressure, and composition.For this reason, RI detection is particularly sensitive to changes in operating conditions. Stable measurements depend heavily on maintaining a tightly controlled analytical environment.<h4>Why Choose RI Detection?</h4>RI detectors become especially valuable when other detector types cannot provide a useful response. They may be less sophisticated than some modern detection technologies, but several characteristics make them indispensable for particular applications.<h5>Broad Applicability</h5>An RID can detect virtually any compound that produces a change in the refractive index of the mobile phase. No UV-absorbing chromophore is required.Because almost every dissolved substance changes refractive index to some degree, RI detection is commonly regarded as a universal detection technique. Typical analytes include sugars, alcohols, lipids, fatty acids, and polymers.<h5>Non-Destructive Detection</h5>RI measurement does not destroy the analyte. This makes it useful in workflows where the separated compound needs to be collected or analyzed further, including preparative chromatography.KNAUER’s <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://store.knauer.net/shop/add38-azura-r-rid-2-1l-highflow-preparative-refractive-index-detector-62927?category=75">AZURA® RID 2.1L for preparative applications</a>, for example, supports flow rates up to 100 mL/min.<h5>Simple and Reliable Operation</h5>RI detectors are suitable for aqueous and many organic mobile phases as long as the solvent composition remains constant.Under stable isocratic conditions, they are relatively straightforward to use, robust, and require comparatively little maintenance.<h5>Direct Detection Without Derivatization</h5>Analytes do not need to be derivatized or labelled before RI detection. If a compound is soluble in the mobile phase and produces a sufficient difference in refractive index, it can be detected directly.This simplifies sample preparation and reduces additional handling steps that could introduce variability or error.These characteristics make RI detection particularly attractive for routine applications such as lactose determination in milk or polymer purity testing.<h5>Limitations of RI Detection</h5>Universal detection comes with several practical compromises. RI detectors require highly stable conditions and can be considerably more sensitive to environmental and system changes than other common HPLC detectors.<h5>High Temperature Sensitivity</h5>Refractive index is strongly influenced by temperature. For aqueous solvents, the change in refractive index with temperature is approximately dn/dT ≈ 10⁻⁴/°C.Even small temperature fluctuations can therefore produce baseline drift that may be larger than the analytical signal itself.Modern RI detectors use thermostated compartments and heat exchangers to stabilize the temperature of the flow cell. This improves accuracy and reproducibility, although the heat exchangers introduce additional system volume that can contribute to peak broadening compared with UV detection.<h5>Limited Compatibility With Gradient Elution</h5>RI detection is essentially restricted to isocratic chromatography.Changing the composition of the mobile phase during a gradient produces a much larger change in refractive index than the analyte itself. The resulting baseline shift can easily overwhelm chromatographic peaks.A stable RI baseline therefore requires the sample and reference cells to contain the same mobile-phase composition throughout the analysis.<h5>Lower Sensitivity</h5>Compared with UV detection, RI detection is generally about one to two orders of magnitude less sensitive.Typical detection limits are in the µg–mg/mL range, making RID less suitable for trace-level analysis or impurity profiling.<h5>Limited Pressure Tolerance</h5>RI flow cells can tolerate only moderate backpressure. When several detectors are connected in series, the RI detector should therefore normally be positioned last.<h5>Longer Equilibration</h5>RID systems require time to reach thermal and optical stability. Warm-up and equilibration can take hours before a sufficiently stable baseline is obtained.<h5>Sensitivity to Baseline Disturbances</h5>Because the detector responds to any change in refractive index, many factors can affect the baseline.Temperature fluctuations, unstable flow or pressure, pump pulsation, air bubbles, inadequate solvent mixing, and impurities in the mobile phase can all lead to noise, drift, or false signals.Clean operation and stable system conditions are therefore essential.<h4>How to Get the Best Performance From an RI Detector</h4>Successful RI detection can largely be summarized in one word: stability.Small variations in temperature, flow, solvent composition, or pressure can quickly become visible in the chromatographic baseline. Careful system preparation and handling can therefore make a major difference.<h5>Maintain a Stable Temperature</h5>Thermal equilibration should be one of the first priorities.Allow the detector, column, and mobile phase to equilibrate fully before beginning analysis, ideally for at least 60 minutes. A column oven can help maintain stable conditions, and the column and detector should be operated at the same temperature whenever possible.Environmental influences such as direct sunlight, air currents, or day-to-night laboratory temperature fluctuations should also be minimized.<h5>Use Isocratic Methods</h5>Keep the mobile-phase composition constant throughout the run.If the separation requires gradient elution, an RI detector is generally not the appropriate choice.<h5>Degas the Mobile Phase and Keep the System Clean</h5>Use well-degassed, particle-free mobile phases and make sure the LC system is properly primed.An in-line degasser can help prevent bubble formation. Tubing, solvent reservoirs, and the entire flow path should also be kept clean because even small bubbles or contaminants can generate spikes, noise, or other baseline disturbances.<h5>Match the Sample Solvent Carefully</h5>Whenever possible, prepare samples directly in the mobile phase or in a solvent with very similar composition.Large differences between the injection solvent and mobile phase can produce strong refractive-index disturbances around the void volume.Filtering samples also helps reduce the risk of blockages and protects the detector flow cell.<h5>Keep Flow and Pressure Stable</h5>Maintain a constant flow rate and avoid abrupt pressure changes, excessive pump pulsation, or leaks.A restriction capillary or back-pressure regulator positioned after the flow cell may help stabilize pressure, although these measures cannot compensate for noise caused by a poorly performing pump.<h5>Maintenance and Practical Considerations</h5>Flush the reference cell regularly with fresh mobile phase. The mobile phase itself should also be replaced periodically to reduce microbial growth or compositional changes caused by evaporation.When changing solvent systems, flush the instrument with mutually miscible solvents and allow sufficient time for the new system to equilibrate fully.Where appropriate, mobile-phase recycling or a low-flow standby mode can help reduce solvent consumption and shorten restart times between analytical sequences.<blockquote>👉 Pro Tip: Keep an eye on the baseline. A stable baseline is one of the best signs that the RID has equilibrated properly. Negative peaks are not necessarily an error—they simply indicate that the analyte has a lower refractive index than the mobile phase.</blockquote><h5>The Bottom Line</h5>With careful control of temperature, mobile-phase composition, pressure, and cleanliness, an RI detector can provide stable baselines and consistent quantitative data.Keep the system clean, maintain constant operating conditions, and allow sufficient equilibration time, and even this demanding HPLC “diva” can deliver highly reliable results.<h4>Typical Applications: Where RI Detection Performs Best</h4>RI detection is particularly useful for substances that do not absorb UV light strongly and therefore cannot be detected effectively using conventional UV/VIS detectors.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AI_Figure_4_Common_uses_of_RI_detection_in_HPLC_d84d8458dc.webp" alt="KNAUER / AI: Figure 4: Common uses of RI detection in HPLC" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AI_Figure_4_Common_uses_of_RI_detection_in_HPLC_d84d8458dc.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="433">Typical analytes include sugars, alcohols, fatty acids, polymers, lipids, and other small organic molecules without strong chromophores.<h5>Some common application areas include:</h5><ul><li>Carbohydrate and sugar analysis, including determination of glucose, fructose, sucrose, or lactose in food and beverages. HPLC-RI has been used for <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/VFD_0195_sec_for_fingerprint_analysis_of_gummy_candies_ce5349cd95.pdf">product quality control of gummy candies</a>, with further discussion available in this <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/article/7186">related blog post</a>.</li><li>KNAUER’s AZURA® RID 2.1L has also been used for the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/VFD_0194_d497a35278.pdf">simultaneous determination of sugars and organic acids in wine</a>, an application explored further in the article <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.knauer.net/blog/blog-9/the-hidden-science-in-your-glass-147">“The hidden science in your glass”</a>.</li><li>Polymer and macromolecule characterization in GPC/SEC applications, for example when determining molecular-weight distributions. Examples include <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/4czsecf32d70a6d2yugpojtljg8rvp4vd4ur_05660bfad3.pdf">optimization of molecular-weight determination with the KNAUER AZURA® GPC/SEC system</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/qpwsk0igeqca8b5bqunbjjqnwum09tucb83s_cc4dbbcec9.pdf">analysis of mucin proteins using an AZURA® SEC System</a>.</li><li>Bioprocessing, including monitoring fermentation products such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/VBS_0079_Characterization_of_fructans_in_fermentation_products_with_sec_bc8f294f0e.pdf">fructans</a>.</li><li>Pharmaceutical applications, for example analysis of excipients such as sugars and polyols, as well as identity and purity testing of APIs. Dextranes, which are used as carrier materials in pharmaceuticals and as thickening or moisturizing agents in cosmetics, can be <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/h2oikq51kfvn6ebxij6hs88pxupstfgdqfyd_3e4f29d933.pdf">characterized by SEC</a>, as their properties depend strongly on molecular-weight distribution.</li><li>Lipid and surfactant analysis for formulation development and quality control.</li><li>Environmental analysis, including determination of selected organic and inorganic impurities in water samples.</li></ul>Overall, RI detection works best for analytes that are soluble, stable in solution, and compatible with straightforward isocratic separation conditions.It is not the preferred solution for trace analysis, gradient chromatography, or workflows requiring direct MS coupling. Nevertheless, it remains a practical and dependable option for compounds that are difficult or impossible to monitor using UV or fluorescence detection.<h4>Final Thoughts: A Detector That Still Deserves Attention</h4>As analytical laboratories adopt increasingly sophisticated detection technologies, refractive index detection can appear relatively simple. Yet for many applications, that simplicity is exactly its strength.For analytes such as sugars, alcohols, polymers, and other compounds without strong UV absorption, RID offers a direct, reliable, and non-destructive method of detection.Its greatest challenges are its sensitivity to temperature and its incompatibility with gradient elution. Under carefully controlled isocratic conditions, however, RI detection remains a dependable workhorse for routine HPLC and GPC/SEC applications.<blockquote>Pro tip: If your analyte seems invisible to conventional optical detection, a change of perspective may be all that is needed. RI detection could make it visible.</blockquote>In the next article in the “Seeing is Believing – Detection Made Easy” series, we will focus on Fluorescence Detection (FLD), a highly selective and sensitive technique for compounds that fluoresce naturally or can be derivatized to do so.

Seeing is Believing – Detection Made Easy Part 4: Refractive Index Detector

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 36, 2026

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A unique company dedicated to serving science helping our customers drive productivity and accelerate results. Through our premier brands – Thermo Scientific, Applied Biosystems, Invitrogen, Fisher Scientific and Unity Lab Services.

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Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

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Waters AccQ·Tag Ultra Chemistry kit

Waters AccQ•Tag Ultra kits offer accurate amino acid analysis for diverse matrices, with manual and automated options, optimized columns, stable derivatization, and compatibility with UPLC and robotic pipetting platforms.

<h4>Manual Options</h4>AccQ•Tag Ultra and AccQ•Tag chemistries are the first step in enabling your laboratory to obtain accurate amino acid composition from protein/peptide hydrolysates, physiologic fluids, feeds, foods, pharmaceutical preparations, and many other sample matrices. Combined with traditional HPLC, UHPLC, or the Waters ACQUITY UPLC, you can now have a system that is customized to separate amino acids from protein hydrolysates, cell culture media, and food/feed samples to get enhanced resolution. The end result is reliability with precise qualitative and quantitative results.AccQ•Tag Ultra and AccQ•Tag chemistry kits include:<ul><li>Pre-column derivatization reagents</li><li>Dedicated reversed-phase columns QC tested for amino acid analysis</li><li>Eluents and standards</li><li>Documentation on methods for the analysis of these important biocompounds</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Acc_Q_Tag_Ultra_Chemistry_kit_1_879ccc4140/Waters-AccQTag-Ultra-Chemistry-kit-1.jpg" alt="Waters: AccQ·Tag Ultra Chemistry kit" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Acc_Q_Tag_Ultra_Chemistry_kit_1_879ccc4140/thumbnail_Waters-AccQTag-Ultra-Chemistry-kit-1.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"><h4>Automation Options</h4>AccQ•Tag Ultra Derivatization Automation Kit provides simplified tools to enhance high throughput amino acid automation via an easy-to-use, automation friendly format that maximizes workflow and accommodates residual volume. Compatible with Tecan, Hamilton, and Andrew Alliance systems, the AccQ•Tag Ultra Derivatization Automation Kit provides fast, accurate, and precise amino acid analyses, translating into cost and time savings for your lab.<ul><li>Parallel high-throughput sample prep (process up to 96 samples at a time)</li><li>Minimal user intervention</li><li>Larger reagent volume to accommodate automation needs</li><li>Starter kits include reagents, column, eluents, application standards and labware</li><li>Scripts ready for multiple automated platforms<ul><li>Tecan, Hamilton, and Andrew Alliance</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Acc_Q_Tag_Ultra_Chemistry_kit_2_36d9723e92/Waters-AccQTag-Ultra-Chemistry-kit-2.jpg" alt="Waters: AccQ•Tag Ultra Derivatization Automation Kit " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Acc_Q_Tag_Ultra_Chemistry_kit_2_36d9723e92/thumbnail_Waters-AccQTag-Ultra-Chemistry-kit-2.jpg 240w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="780"><h4>Let Andrew+ Pipette for You</h4>One of the largest pain points in sample preparation is repetitive pipetting. Minimizing sources of contamination is also critical. The Andrew+ robotic pipetting platform helps alleviate those pain points and provides confidence and reliability when doing derivatization.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/208">Andrew+ Pipetting Robot</a> provides:<ul><li>Flexibility in the number of samples run using AccQ•Tag Ultra Automation</li><li>Sample Preparation Kit (32, 64, 96 sample)</li><li>Verified protocols available in OneLab</li><li>Compatible with additional connected devices</li><li>Easy-to-use, no in-depth training required</li><li>Self-guided installation, online troubleshooting, and help</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Andrew_Pipetting_Robot_ab82a4584b.jpg" alt="Waters: Andrew+ Pipetting Robot" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Andrew_Pipetting_Robot_ab82a4584b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="726"><h4>Amino Acid Reference Standards</h4>Waters offers reference standards for Amino Acid Analysis (AAA) required in many applications in pharmaceutical and food and feed industries. A variety of standards containing free amino acids are offered for qualitative and quantitative determination of amino acids, method development, and troubleshooting of the AccQ•Tag Ultra and AccQ•Tag methods.Available standards include:<ul><li>Cell Culture Standard Kit</li><li>Food &amp; Feed Standard Kit</li><li>Amino Acid Hydrolysates Standard</li><li>Internal Standard (Nva)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Amino_Acid_Reference_Standards_fd1db2e697.jpg" alt="Waters: Amino Acid Reference Standards" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Amino_Acid_Reference_Standards_fd1db2e697.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="838" height="559"><h4>AccQ•Tag Ultra and AccQ•Tag Derivitization Chemistry</h4>This line of products is a comprehensive, fully tested set of reagents, columns, eluents, and methods. &nbsp;AccQ•Tag is optimized for use with HPLC/UHPLC.AccQ•Tag Ultra is optimized for use with the UPLC Amino Acid Analysis Application Solution.<ul><li>Both methods are based on the AccQ•Tag pre-column derivatization method</li><li>Primary and secondary amino acids are reacted with a single reagent (AccQ•Fluor) in a high-throughput batch process resulting in exceptionally stable derivatives</li><li>AccQ•Tag Ultra provides high-resolution separations achieved using the AccQ•Tag Ultra UPLC column (1.7 µm particles) and mobile phases</li><li>Derivatized amino acids resolved and quantified to sub-pmol levels with single wavelength UV detection</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_kits_9c7f40f8c4.jpg" alt="Waters: AccQ•Tag Ultra and AccQ•Tag Derivitization Chemistry" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_kits_9c7f40f8c4.jpg 133w," sizes="100vw" width="352" height="413">

Waters SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO)

Advance virus research with Waters' RUO LC-MS kit for SARS-CoV-2. Detect and quantify NCAP peptides with high sensitivity and reproducibility using SISCAPA antibody enrichment and automation-ready workflows.

<h4>Detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 NCAP peptides to advance virus research</h4>The global COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented need to quickly deploy emergency tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Now, scientists can harness the flexibility and reproducibility of LC-MS to advance critical SARS-CoV-2 research.Waters SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) is a Research Use Only kit to directly detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 signature nucleocapsid peptides (NCAPs) without the need to amplify the target analytes – so you can ensure accuracy, reproducibility, and sensitivity for your most critical research.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_SARS_Co_V_2_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_2_50b4ae9b00/Waters-SARS-CoV-2-LC-MS-Kit-(RUO)-2.jpg" alt="Waters: SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_SARS_Co_V_2_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_2_50b4ae9b00/thumbnail_Waters-SARS-CoV-2-LC-MS-Kit-(RUO)-2.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"><h4>Overview</h4><ul><li>Achieve reproducible results between and within labs &nbsp;</li><li>Ensure high accuracy and analytical sensitivity to enable critical research &nbsp;</li><li>Empower research and development of pioneering SARS-CoV-2 testing with an alternative and complementary technology to common infectious pathogen research &nbsp;</li><li>Enable broader research with an LC-MS method with the potential to be multiplexed with other peptides and biomarkers&nbsp;</li></ul>* This kit is for research use only and has not been approved for use in clinical diagnostic procedures. This RUO kit has not been tested with clinical samples. The SARS-CoV-2 kit for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid peptides is not available in all countries, please contact your Waters representative for more details.Recommended Use: For the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 signature NCAP peptides.<h4>LC-MS enables cutting-edge SARS-CoV-2 research</h4>The Waters SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) is a Research Use Only kit intended for the quantitative measurement of three proteolytic peptides derived from the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (NCAP) protein. The method has been optimized on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/199">ACQUITY UPLC I-Class PLUS</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/195">Xevo TQ-XS System</a> and is also intended for use with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/208">Andrew+ Pipetting Robot</a>. Optimization on other instrument platforms is possible. &nbsp;Further investigation is needed to collect objective evidence in promising research applications, however, based on the properties of the analytical test method, the SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit might be leveraged for the following research studies: &nbsp;<ul><li>Peptide concentration to quantitate SARS CoV-2 signature peptides at different stages of infection&nbsp;</li><li>Research of infection and long-term effects through peptide quantitation&nbsp;</li></ul>Future pandemic preparedness studies and research of signature peptide-based biomarkers unique to other infections <img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_The_SARS_Co_V_2_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_allows_for_easy_sample_preparation_sample_enrichment_and_sample_detection_f0aca034ad.jpg" alt="Waters: The SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) allows for easy sample preparation, sample enrichment, and sample detection." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_The_SARS_Co_V_2_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_allows_for_easy_sample_preparation_sample_enrichment_and_sample_detection_f0aca034ad.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"><h4>Achieve confidence in results</h4>Ensure accurate and consistent results with highly analytically selective antibody magnetic bead enrichment. With the innovative SISCAPA® anti-peptide antibody enrichment sample preparation method from SISCAPA Assay Technologies, Inc. in the SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO), you can improve the performance of mass spectrometry for measurement of pre-selected protein targets.With the SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) and SISCAPA, you can achieve the analytical sensitivity you need to detect low levels of SARS-CoV-2 peptides from complex digested samples with stable isotope standards and capture by anti-peptide antibodies. Increase laboratory efficiency with all the components your busy research laboratory needs to quickly deploy the supplied method - all in one package.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_The_SARS_Co_V_2_method_minimizes_sample_media_interference_providing_greater_flexibility_for_the_analysis_of_multiple_research_samples_fe3a56c686.jpg" alt="Waters: The SARS-CoV-2 method minimizes sample media interference, providing greater flexibility for the analysis of multiple research samples." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_The_SARS_Co_V_2_method_minimizes_sample_media_interference_providing_greater_flexibility_for_the_analysis_of_multiple_research_samples_fe3a56c686.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"><h4>Ensure reproducibility with trusted chemistries and consumables</h4>Ensuring reproducible quantitation from sample-to-sample, run-to-run, and lab-to-lab provides the confidence you need for critical research decisions. Ensuring reproducibility starts with minimizing variability risks, including the risk of unpredictable non-specific binding of peptides to surfaces. The SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit uses QuanRecovery Plates with MaxPeak HPS and a MaxPeak Premier Peptide Column, minimizing non-specific binding of peptides to surfaces while enhancing recovery and signal.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Analytical_sensitivity_of_the_ADE_AYN_and_NPA_peptides_in_VTM_at_2_3_5_10_and_20_amol_L_following_antibody_enrichment_145d5249ef.jpg" alt="Waters: Analytical sensitivity of the ADE, AYN, and NPA peptides in VTM at 2, 3, 5, 10, and 20 amolµL following antibody enrichment." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Analytical_sensitivity_of_the_ADE_AYN_and_NPA_peptides_in_VTM_at_2_3_5_10_and_20_amol_L_following_antibody_enrichment_145d5249ef.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"><h4>Let Andrew+ pipette for you</h4>Save valuable time and focus on your research with reliable and reproducible sample preparation using the Andrew+ Pipetting Robot. The SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) comes in an automation-friendly format with liquid handling protocols for the Andrew+ Pipetting Robot available on OneLab.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_SARS_Co_V_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_automation_protocol_available_for_Andrew_Pipetting_Robot_It_provides_a_flexible_automation_platform_easily_adaptable_to_multiple_workflows_8dca9a99e0.jpg" alt="Waters: SARS-CoV-LC-MS Kit (RUO) automation protocol available for Andrew + Pipetting Robot. It provides a flexible automation platform easily adaptable to multiple workflows." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_SARS_Co_V_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_automation_protocol_available_for_Andrew_Pipetting_Robot_It_provides_a_flexible_automation_platform_easily_adaptable_to_multiple_workflows_8dca9a99e0.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682">

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