ISC 2026 - Day 2

<h4>What if you could compress 179 days of grueling laboratory workflow into just 14 hours?</h4>In this episode of ‪ChromatographyTalk‬, ‪Organomation‬ General Manager David Oliva sits down with analytical chemist Laura Penabad to discuss her groundbreaking new research in biocatalysis and high-throughput screening. Evolving engineered enzymes typically requires checking thousands of variants—a massive bottleneck when traditional Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) runs take minutes per sample. Laura reveals how her team built a modular screening platform that shatters this limitation, running samples 128 times faster than standard methods without sacrificing analytical accuracy.Laura breaks down the "orchestra" of technologies making this possible, including coupling nanoliter droplet microfluidics with Cyclic Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry (cIM-MS) to separate complex chemical isomers in milliseconds. She also shares the chaotic but triumphant behind-the-scenes stories of her PhD journey—from presenting a "comically bad" early poster at ASMS to recruiting an undergraduate mechanical engineer to build custom automation software from scratch.If you are an early-career researcher, a mass spec enthusiast, or curious about the future of synthetic biology and machine learning in chemistry, this episode is packed with invaluable intuition and advice.<h3>Video Transcription</h3><h4>From Months to Hours: Droplet Ion Mobility–MS for Biocatalysis Screening</h4>High-throughput screening is central to directed enzyme evolution, but conventional analytical workflows can create a difficult compromise: extremely fast screens often provide limited structural information, while techniques such as LC-MS offer much richer chemical insight at the cost of throughput. In a recent interview, analytical chemist Laura described how her work with droplet-based cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometry is helping bridge that gap—providing rapid analysis while retaining the ability to distinguish structurally similar products.Her research grew from an initially modest proof of concept into a screening platform capable of analyzing a 96-well plate in roughly ten minutes. The resulting workflow was approximately 128 times faster than a conventional three-minute LC-MS analysis, opening new possibilities for directed evolution campaigns in which thousands of enzyme variants need to be evaluated.<h4>Directed evolution needs better analytical screening</h4>Biocatalysis takes advantage of enzymes as highly selective catalysts capable of performing reactions under relatively mild conditions. Directed evolution extends those capabilities by deliberately modifying enzyme sequences, expressing large numbers of variants, screening their activity, and using the best-performing mutants as starting points for subsequent rounds of evolution.The process can be repeated multiple times, progressively steering an enzyme toward improved activity, altered substrate specificity, or even chemistry that does not occur naturally.But the effectiveness of directed evolution depends heavily on the screening step. The more variants that can be analyzed—and the more useful chemical information that can be collected for each one—the more effectively researchers can explore the enormous sequence space available to an enzyme.For Laura, this created a clear analytical challenge: develop a screening platform that was substantially faster than conventional chromatographic analysis without sacrificing the structural discrimination needed for chemically similar products.<h4>From an imperfect first experiment to a working platform</h4>The project did not begin with a polished high-throughput workflow.Laura recalled looking back at her 2023 ASMS poster, where the early system was still working with standards rather than true isomeric samples. Droplet introduction was slow—around six seconds per droplet—and the signals were far from the ideal reproducible, square, flat-topped profiles expected from replicate droplets.Nevertheless, simply producing a droplet signal represented an important first milestone.The decisive change came when the project stopped being treated merely as a demonstration that droplet ion mobility–MS could work and instead became a deliberate effort to build a robust screening platform.Laura approached the problem in modules. First came reliable droplet introduction. Then the ion mobility separation method. Quantification became another independent component. Matrix effects were introduced later, gradually making the system resemble the conditions expected with real screening samples.Each layer was tested before another was added.This stepwise strategy became one of the central principles of the project: rather than attempting to optimize the entire system simultaneously, individual components were developed, challenged, and then assembled into an increasingly realistic workflow.<h4>Finding the middle ground between speed and structural information</h4>One of the biggest analytical problems in high-throughput screening is distinguishing products with the same nominal or exact mass.Constitutional isomers may contain the same atoms and therefore generate the same mass-to-charge ratio, while differing only in how functional groups are arranged within the molecular structure. Very rapid optical or mass-based screens may therefore struggle to distinguish them.Traditional LC-MS can solve many of these problems through chromatographic separation, but a several-minute analysis rapidly becomes impractical when thousands of enzyme variants must be screened.Ion mobility offered Laura’s team another option.Rather than separating compounds on a chromatographic timescale, ion mobility can differentiate ions according to their gas-phase behavior on a much shorter timescale. In the workflow described in the interview, this created a useful compromise: not the kilohertz throughput possible with some simple screening technologies, but dramatically faster structural differentiation than conventional LC-MS.The goal was therefore not simply to achieve the fastest possible screen, but to find a middle-throughput analytical regime with enough resolving power to answer chemically meaningful questions.<h4>A 96-well plate in about ten minutes</h4>That strategy eventually produced one of the most striking results of the project.The droplet cyclic ion mobility–MS platform processed a 96-well plate in roughly ten minutes, while maintaining quantitative results comparable with the conventional LC-MS workflow used for comparison. According to the interview, this represented an approximately 128-fold increase in analysis speed relative to a three-minute LC-MS run.Laura described the successful plate experiment less as a surprise than as confirmation that the modular development strategy had worked.Before reaching that point, the workflow had already been challenged through a sequence of increasingly demanding experiments: droplet formation, ion mobility separation, calibration, matrix-containing calibration, and cross-testing analytes at different concentrations. By the time the complete plate was analyzed, each individual part of the analytical system had already been tested under progressively more realistic conditions.<h4>What does that speed mean for directed evolution?</h4>The impact becomes even clearer when the workflow is considered at the scale of an entire directed-evolution campaign.Laura’s manuscript estimated that a five-round campaign involving 5,000 variants would require approximately 179 days using the conventional LC-MS workflow but only about 14 hours using the new platform.Compressing months of analytical work into less than a day has consequences beyond laboratory productivity.It allows researchers to screen more enzyme variants and therefore sample a larger portion of sequence space. But the resulting datasets may also become increasingly valuable for computational approaches.Rather than retaining information only about the best-performing enzyme variant, researchers can preserve data describing variants that performed poorly as well as those that succeeded. When genotype and phenotype information remain linked through the well-plate workflow, these larger datasets can potentially provide richer input for machine-learning models designed to guide subsequent rounds of enzyme evolution.Faster analysis therefore does more than accelerate an existing experiment—it can change the scale and design of the experiment itself.<h4>Balancing ion mobility resolution and signal</h4>Increasing cyclic ion mobility separation time can improve resolution, but it also introduces an important trade-off: additional passes can reduce signal.Laura optimized this balance experimentally by continuously infusing mixtures containing both isomers and progressively adjusting the ion mobility conditions. After tuning parameters such as wave height and velocity, increasing the separation to three passes provided baseline resolution at the high analyte concentrations used during method development.<blockquote>Concentration, however, also mattered.</blockquote>At higher ion populations, space-charge effects could broaden peaks and reduce the baseline separation. This meant that the optimal number of passes could not be selected independently of the concentration range required by the final assay.Her broader advice for optimization is therefore application-driven: decide first what the analytical method actually needs to accomplish.More speed will almost always require sacrificing something—resolution, signal intensity, quantitative precision, or another performance parameter. The key is to identify which compromise the application can tolerate and then optimize the system around that requirement.<h4>Solving droplet carryover with a practical compromise</h4>Droplet-based workflows present their own engineering challenges, including carryover between neighboring samples.In Laura’s system, analytes showed little tendency to partition into the fluorinated oil separating aqueous droplets within the Teflon tubing. The more troublesome carryover occurred closer to electrospray ionization, where a small amount of sample could remain associated with the interface and appear when the next droplet arrived.Rather than adding excessive engineering complexity to an already elaborate platform, the researchers adopted a pragmatic solution: a sacrificial wash droplet between analytical samples.It is an example of a recurring theme throughout the project. The objective was not to construct the theoretically most sophisticated droplet system, but to create a screening workflow that remained sufficiently robust, reproducible, and practical for large numbers of samples.<h4>High-throughput analysis also requires high-throughput data processing</h4>Accelerating the mass spectrometry experiment created another bottleneck: the data.The instrument produced a continuous intensity-versus-time trace rather than a neatly organized well-plate dataset. With small experiments, Laura could manually identify individual droplets and process the results in spreadsheets. That approach quickly became unrealistic as sample numbers increased.The solution emerged through collaboration with an undergraduate mentee, Aiden, who helped develop a dedicated software tool for processing the continuous traces.Laura defined how the software should behave and how the analytical information should be organized, while Aiden developed the computational implementation. The workflow itself was subsequently adjusted to make automated data processing more reliable—for example, by introducing marker columns that allowed the software to recognize the end of each plate row.The resulting tool can accept the acquired traces together with information about plate dimensions and replicates and automatically return parameters including peak identity, duration, and the corresponding well position. A later version also generated an automatically populated heat map.The experience illustrates how improving analytical throughput often requires simultaneous development of instrumentation, experimental design, and informatics. Making the measurement faster is useful only if the resulting data can be processed at a comparable speed.<h4>Mentoring became part of the scientific process</h4>The software project also reflects another theme Laura emphasized throughout the interview: the value of mentoring.Several younger researchers contributed directly to the development of the final platform. Laura described mentees not simply as additional hands in the laboratory but as scientists capable of proposing their own hypotheses and experimental ideas.Working with undergraduate researchers also influenced the way she organized experiments.Because their available laboratory time was limited, each task needed to have a clear purpose. That encouraged a more disciplined approach to experimental planning: instead of performing experiments simply because they could be done, the team had to ask which experiment would most efficiently answer the next important question.In that sense, mentoring became another mechanism for improving the research itself.<h4>The next step: continuous, automated screening</h4>Despite the dramatic increase in analytical speed, the current workflow still includes manual operations such as loading tubing and connecting the sample stream to the mass spectrometer.The next engineering challenge is therefore automation.Laura described ongoing work using the Venturi effect to pull samples directly from wells into the droplet system. Building on previous work in the laboratory with 96-well plates, she has already tested this approach with as many as 2,000 samples.The long-term direction is clear: continuous and robust droplet generation, automated handling of thousands of samples, rapid ion mobility separation, mass spectrometric detection, and automated reconstruction of the resulting data into plate-based outputs.Combining those elements could move the system closer to the type of large-scale screening required for increasingly ambitious biocatalysis campaigns.<h4>Learning mass spectrometry one problem at a time</h4>Laura also reflected on the broader experience of developing the platform during her PhD.Ion mobility and mass spectrometry initially appeared intimidating, particularly because they combine concepts from analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, separations, instrumentation, and electrical engineering. What eventually changed was not simply learning more facts, but developing the ability to move repeatedly between theory and experiment.An unexpected result sends the researcher back to the underlying theory. A better understanding suggests a modified experiment. That experiment creates another observation, gradually building intuition about how the system behaves.Her advice to early-career scientists is therefore to accept that this process takes time.Advanced analytical techniques may initially appear overwhelming, but understanding develops incrementally through repeated interaction between theory, experimentation, failure, and refinement. Equally important, she emphasized the role of the supportive ion mobility–mass spectrometry community in making a technically demanding field more approachable for young researchers.From the first inconsistent droplets to a platform capable of processing thousands of samples, that iterative mindset ultimately shaped the entire project.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Droplet Cyclic Ion Mobility Mass Spec: Compressing Months of Enzyme Screening Into Just 14 Hours

ISC 2026 - Day 3

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The International Symposium on Chromatography (ISC) represents the oldest conference series focussing on separation science. ISC symposia have been organised since 1956 in each even year. ISC is internationally recognised as one of the premier meeting series for discussion of all modes of chromatography and separation science with a broad coverage of techniques and applications.

International Symposium on Chromatography - (ISC)

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Waters SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO)

Advance virus research with Waters' RUO LC-MS kit for SARS-CoV-2. Detect and quantify NCAP peptides with high sensitivity and reproducibility using SISCAPA antibody enrichment and automation-ready workflows.

<h4>Detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 NCAP peptides to advance virus research</h4>The global COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented need to quickly deploy emergency tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Now, scientists can harness the flexibility and reproducibility of LC-MS to advance critical SARS-CoV-2 research.Waters SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) is a Research Use Only kit to directly detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 signature nucleocapsid peptides (NCAPs) without the need to amplify the target analytes – so you can ensure accuracy, reproducibility, and sensitivity for your most critical research.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_SARS_Co_V_2_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_2_50b4ae9b00/Waters-SARS-CoV-2-LC-MS-Kit-(RUO)-2.jpg" alt="Waters: SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_SARS_Co_V_2_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_2_50b4ae9b00/thumbnail_Waters-SARS-CoV-2-LC-MS-Kit-(RUO)-2.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"><h4>Overview</h4><ul><li>Achieve reproducible results between and within labs &nbsp;</li><li>Ensure high accuracy and analytical sensitivity to enable critical research &nbsp;</li><li>Empower research and development of pioneering SARS-CoV-2 testing with an alternative and complementary technology to common infectious pathogen research &nbsp;</li><li>Enable broader research with an LC-MS method with the potential to be multiplexed with other peptides and biomarkers&nbsp;</li></ul>* This kit is for research use only and has not been approved for use in clinical diagnostic procedures. This RUO kit has not been tested with clinical samples. The SARS-CoV-2 kit for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid peptides is not available in all countries, please contact your Waters representative for more details.Recommended Use: For the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 signature NCAP peptides.<h4>LC-MS enables cutting-edge SARS-CoV-2 research</h4>The Waters SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) is a Research Use Only kit intended for the quantitative measurement of three proteolytic peptides derived from the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (NCAP) protein. The method has been optimized on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/199">ACQUITY UPLC I-Class PLUS</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/195">Xevo TQ-XS System</a> and is also intended for use with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/208">Andrew+ Pipetting Robot</a>. Optimization on other instrument platforms is possible. &nbsp;Further investigation is needed to collect objective evidence in promising research applications, however, based on the properties of the analytical test method, the SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit might be leveraged for the following research studies: &nbsp;<ul><li>Peptide concentration to quantitate SARS CoV-2 signature peptides at different stages of infection&nbsp;</li><li>Research of infection and long-term effects through peptide quantitation&nbsp;</li></ul>Future pandemic preparedness studies and research of signature peptide-based biomarkers unique to other infections <img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_The_SARS_Co_V_2_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_allows_for_easy_sample_preparation_sample_enrichment_and_sample_detection_f0aca034ad.jpg" alt="Waters: The SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) allows for easy sample preparation, sample enrichment, and sample detection." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_The_SARS_Co_V_2_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_allows_for_easy_sample_preparation_sample_enrichment_and_sample_detection_f0aca034ad.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"><h4>Achieve confidence in results</h4>Ensure accurate and consistent results with highly analytically selective antibody magnetic bead enrichment. With the innovative SISCAPA® anti-peptide antibody enrichment sample preparation method from SISCAPA Assay Technologies, Inc. in the SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO), you can improve the performance of mass spectrometry for measurement of pre-selected protein targets.With the SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) and SISCAPA, you can achieve the analytical sensitivity you need to detect low levels of SARS-CoV-2 peptides from complex digested samples with stable isotope standards and capture by anti-peptide antibodies. Increase laboratory efficiency with all the components your busy research laboratory needs to quickly deploy the supplied method - all in one package.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_The_SARS_Co_V_2_method_minimizes_sample_media_interference_providing_greater_flexibility_for_the_analysis_of_multiple_research_samples_fe3a56c686.jpg" alt="Waters: The SARS-CoV-2 method minimizes sample media interference, providing greater flexibility for the analysis of multiple research samples." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_The_SARS_Co_V_2_method_minimizes_sample_media_interference_providing_greater_flexibility_for_the_analysis_of_multiple_research_samples_fe3a56c686.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"><h4>Ensure reproducibility with trusted chemistries and consumables</h4>Ensuring reproducible quantitation from sample-to-sample, run-to-run, and lab-to-lab provides the confidence you need for critical research decisions. Ensuring reproducibility starts with minimizing variability risks, including the risk of unpredictable non-specific binding of peptides to surfaces. The SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit uses QuanRecovery Plates with MaxPeak HPS and a MaxPeak Premier Peptide Column, minimizing non-specific binding of peptides to surfaces while enhancing recovery and signal.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Analytical_sensitivity_of_the_ADE_AYN_and_NPA_peptides_in_VTM_at_2_3_5_10_and_20_amol_L_following_antibody_enrichment_145d5249ef.jpg" alt="Waters: Analytical sensitivity of the ADE, AYN, and NPA peptides in VTM at 2, 3, 5, 10, and 20 amolµL following antibody enrichment." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Analytical_sensitivity_of_the_ADE_AYN_and_NPA_peptides_in_VTM_at_2_3_5_10_and_20_amol_L_following_antibody_enrichment_145d5249ef.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"><h4>Let Andrew+ pipette for you</h4>Save valuable time and focus on your research with reliable and reproducible sample preparation using the Andrew+ Pipetting Robot. The SARS-CoV-2 LC-MS Kit (RUO) comes in an automation-friendly format with liquid handling protocols for the Andrew+ Pipetting Robot available on OneLab.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_SARS_Co_V_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_automation_protocol_available_for_Andrew_Pipetting_Robot_It_provides_a_flexible_automation_platform_easily_adaptable_to_multiple_workflows_8dca9a99e0.jpg" alt="Waters: SARS-CoV-LC-MS Kit (RUO) automation protocol available for Andrew + Pipetting Robot. It provides a flexible automation platform easily adaptable to multiple workflows." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_SARS_Co_V_LC_MS_Kit_RUO_automation_protocol_available_for_Andrew_Pipetting_Robot_It_provides_a_flexible_automation_platform_easily_adaptable_to_multiple_workflows_8dca9a99e0.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682">

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ISC 2026 - Day 3

Droplet Cyclic Ion Mobility Mass Spec: Compressing Months of Enzyme Screening Into Just 14 Hours

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