Czech researchers from Charles University, Prague, led by Pavla Eliášová, have developed an advanced photocathode that helps convert the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide into pure ethanol using sunlight. The new technology solves a long-standing problem of material degradation in water, achieves record conversion efficiency, and opens the way toward sustainable production of green fuels.Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into useful fuels using solar energy represents the holy grail of modern green chemistry. The device enabling this conversion is called a solar reactor. Its key element is a photocathode: a material that absorbs light and enables the chemical reaction. Cuprous oxide long appeared to be an ideal material because it is inexpensive, readily available, and excels at capturing solar rays. In practice, however, it faced a fundamental obstacle: in an aqueous environment under light, it transforms and degrades extremely rapidly—much like iron undergoing swift corrosion—and loses its functionality within just tens of minutes.The team from the Chemistry Section of the Faculty of Science, CU, led by Pavla Eliášová, in collaboration with Tomáš Hrbek from the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, CU, resolved this issue by creating a unique "nano-sandwich". The scientists combined cuprous oxide with advanced two-dimensional materials called MXenes and, through precisely controlled heating, created an ultrathin layer of titanium dioxide on their surface. MXene modified in this way can rapidly drain electric charge from the cuprous oxide, thereby slowing down its decomposition. At the same time, it uses the charge further to convert carbon dioxide into liquid fuel."Surface-engineered MXene combined with cuprous oxide allowed us to unite the best of both materials. The copper base enables maximum utilization of light energy, while the conductive MXene framework ensures that the material remains active even after many hours of operation," explains research team leader Pavla Eliášová from the Chemistry Section of the Faculty of Science, Charles University.In laboratory tests, the new photocathode achieved a record solar-energy-to-ethanol conversion efficiency of 2,74 %. A crucial improvement is the formation of only a single product. While other systems often produce a mixture of byproducts, the material designed by the research team produces pure ethanol as its sole liquid product, which significantly simplifies its potential industrial application."This is a major step forward for us. On our laboratory scale, the system works very well and produces ethanol over many hours. In the next step, we want to further reinforce the stability of the entire photocathode and begin testing on a larger scale and under real daylight conditions," adds physical chemist Pavla Eliášová.The research was conducted within the international European project DESIRED (Horizon Europe), with support from the Charles University Research Centre (UNCE) and the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science program.<blockquote><h4>Article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.71469">Surface-Engineered Ti3C2Tx MXene/Cu2O Photocathodes for Highly Selective Photoelectrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol</a></h4>Luis A. M. Carrascosa, Magdaléna Linková, Monika Remzová, Tomáš Hrbek, Pavla EliášováAdv. Energy Mater., 2026, 16, e71469<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.71469">https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.71469</a><h6>licenced under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Cu2O is an inexpensive p-type semiconductor that promotes the photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (PEC CO2RR). While its low bandgap enables photoexcitation by visible light, long-term stability remains limited due to quick charge recombination and photocorrosion. Here, we enhanced charge separation and extraction by combining Cu2O with surface-engineered MXenes. In this novel architecture, TiO2 grows in situ on the surface of Ti3C2Tx and serves as a charge-transport layer, forming a junction with Cu2O. On the other side, the outer TiO2 surface exposed to the CO2-saturated electrolyte offers catalytically active sites for CO2 reduction. Acting as a central layer, the MXene conductive backbone provides an electronically continuous pathway for electron transport. In PEC CO2RR, the photocathode containing 50 wt.% of MXene and a balanced amount of TiO2 on the Ti3C2 surface outperformed the best Cu/CuxO-based systems operating in non-organic electrolytes reported in the literature. The FTO/Cu2O/ml-Ti3C2Tx-350-N2 photocathode reached 8.4&nbsp;µmol&nbsp;cm−2 h−1 ethanol production rate and 2.74% solar-to-ethanol efficiency after 2&nbsp;h. Moreover, pairing TiO2-MXene with Cu2O significantly stabilized the photocathode, which maintained 76% of the ethanol production rate after 6 h. Overall, our results establish surface-engineered Cu2O/TiO2-MXene heterostructures as a solid platform for highly selective, visible-light-driven ethanol production with significantly improved operational stability.

Researchers from Charles University, Prague, Have Developed a New Photocathode for Efficient Conversion of CO2 into Ethanol

<div><div>Protons play a central role in many chemical reactions in living organisms. In some cases, a proton may be shared between two nearby molecular groups rather than being localized on just one. This phenomenon can strongly influence the properties and reactivity of biomolecules and is important for enzyme function.</div></div><div>Researchers led by Hanns Christian Schewe (IOCB Prague and Heyrovský Institute of the CAS) together with Lukáš Tomaník (UCT Prague and Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society) have now investigated proton sharing in a range of biologically relevant polycarboxylic acids dissolved in water, including several molecules related to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).Using liquid-jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (LJ-PES), a technique that reveals the chemical environment of atoms in molecules dissolved in water, the team was able to probe the position of protons on an ultrafast time scale. Unlike techniques such as NMR, which provide a time-averaged picture, photoelectron spectroscopy captures the instantaneous distribution of protons and can therefore distinguish more directly between localized and shared states.The results showed significant proton sharing only in maleic acid dissolved in water. In contrast, protons remained mostly localized at individual carboxylic groups in succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, glutaric acid and citric acid. This suggests that proton sharing is not a common feature of these molecules when they are freely dissolved in water.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/IOCB_Prague_Cropped_part_of_the_cover_by_Schewe_et_al_with_the_use_of_Nano_Banana_2_0_2_2a408dbeb5.webp" alt="IOCB Prague: Cropped part of the cover by Schewe et al. with the use of Nano Banana 2.0: Full cover by Schewe et al. with the use of Nano Banana 2.0." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_IOCB_Prague_Cropped_part_of_the_cover_by_Schewe_et_al_with_the_use_of_Nano_Banana_2_0_2_2a408dbeb5.webp 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1620" height="2154">The difference appears to be largely controlled by molecular geometry. In maleic acid, the two carboxylic groups are held close together, creating favorable conditions for proton sharing. More flexible molecules can adopt conformations in which the groups are farther apart, while water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds with them and favor localized protons.However, the situation may be different inside proteins. When a carboxylic acid binds in the active site of an enzyme, its shape and position can be tightly constrained. Such an environment could bring the relevant groups close enough together to promote proton sharing and thereby influence enzymatic reactions.The study highlights an important distinction: proton sharing may be rare in freely hydrated molecules but could become important when biomolecules are held in the right geometry by enzymes. It also demonstrates that LJ-PES is a powerful tool for studying proton behavior in solutions. Its ultrafast and site-specific sensitivity could in future help researchers investigate proton sharing directly in more complex chemical and biological systems.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/jaaucr/article/6/6/3349/5084661/Proton-Sharing-in-Polycarboxylic-Acids-in-Aqueous">Proton Sharing in Polycarboxylic Acids in Aqueous Solution</a></h4>Lukáš Tomaník, Jiří Tůma, Gunnar Öhrwall, Ronny Golnak, Ngoc Lan Le Nguyen, Bruno Credidio, Harmanjot Kaur, Petr Slavíček, Bernd Winter, H. Christian Schewe<div>JACS Au, 2026, 6, 3349–3355</div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.6c00377">https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.6c00377</a><h6>licenced under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>We investigate proton sharing in biologically relevant polycarboxylic acids in aqueous solutions using liquid-jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In contrast to techniques that record time-averaged proton positions, like nuclear magnetic resonance, photoelectron spectroscopy captures instantaneous proton distribution due to its ultrafast probing time scale. The method is, therefore, uniquely sensitive to the occurrence of proton sharing in an aqueous environment, as demonstrated here. We only observe significant proton sharing dynamics in maleic acid, where its monoanionic form shows a single, delocalized peak in the carbon 1s spectrum. Conversely, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, glutaric acid, and citric acid exhibit distinct peaks corresponding to separate, localized COOH and COO– groups, instead of shared protons. Our results reveal that intramolecular proton sharing in water is rather an exception for most biologically relevant polycarboxylic acids. This highlights the importance of enzyme-driven structural changes of polycarboxylic acids associated with proton sharing during metabolic processes.</div>

Proton sharing in polycarboxylic acids in aqueous solution

Autumn has already turned the leaves into vibrant shades, and with the end of the year approaching, we would like to thank you - before the first snowflakes arrive - for your trust, cooperation, and continued interest in our products and services.As a long-standing distributor of Thermo Scientific Finnpipette products, we know that the accuracy and reliability of laboratory results often begin with seemingly small details. Choosing the right pipette and tip is one of the first steps toward a successful analysis.That is why we have prepared an EXCLUSIVE offer to help you replenish your laboratory supplies at a more attractive price, while also thanking you for your continued cooperation and trust.<blockquote>EXCLUSIVE OFFER valid until the end of 2026<ul><li>10% off tips</li><li>10% off pipettes</li></ul>Enter the code “KAŠTANY” in your order or include it in your order e-mail.*For larger orders, an additional discount may be available.</blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analytika_pipety_a_spicky_thermo_20c5943161.jpg" alt="analytika: Thermo Scientific Pipettes and Tips" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_analytika_pipety_a_spicky_thermo_20c5943161.jpg 146w," sizes="100vw" width="1500" height="1605"><h4>LIMITED OFFER WHILE STOCKS LAST</h4><h5>Everything ages. Precision remains.</h5>Finnpipette tips are proof of that.<h4>Tip Offer</h4><h5>FT 200 FLEX Tips</h5><ul><li>Code: L94060320</li><li>Pack size: 1,000 pcs</li><li>LOT: 20165B0</li><li>EXP: 20 June 2025</li><li>Price: CZK 1,761 (30% discount)</li></ul><h5>FT 1000 Tips</h5><ul><li>Code: L9401070</li><li>Pack size: 200 pcs/box</li><li>LOT: 20346A0</li><li>EXP: 20 December 2025</li><li>Price: CZK 464 (30% discount)</li></ul><h5>Labtip Blue Tips</h5><ul><li>Code: L94300250</li><li>Pack size: 60 pcs/rack</li><li>LOT: 21104B2</li><li>EXP: 20 April 2026</li><li>Price: CZK 206 (20% discount)</li></ul><h5>FT Filter Sterile 10 µL Tips</h5><ul><li>Code: L94052100</li><li>Pack size: 10 × 96 pcs/rack</li><li>LOT: 21136B1</li><li>EXP: 20 May 2026</li><li>Price: CZK 3,740 (20% discount)</li></ul><h4>Types of Thermo Fisher Scientific Pipette Tips</h4><h5>FILTERED</h5><ul><li>help prevent aerosol contamination,</li><li>suitable for PCR and critical samples.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analytika_spicky_Thermo_s_filtrem_4eb500736e.jpg" alt="analytika: Thermo Fisher Scientific Filtered Tip" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_analytika_spicky_Thermo_s_filtrem_4eb500736e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="450" height="120"><h5>NON-FILTERED</h5><ul><li>economical and high quality,</li><li>suitable for routine samples.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analytika_spicky_Thermo_bez_filtru_eea16c4ae1.jpg" alt="analytika: Thermo Fisher Scientific Non-Filtered Tips" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_analytika_spicky_Thermo_bez_filtru_eea16c4ae1.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="442" height="147"><h5>EXTENDED-LENGTH</h5><ul><li>allow deeper access while helping reduce contamination risk,</li><li>suitable for tissue culture, media preparation, and tall laboratory vessels.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analytika_spicky_Thermo_prodlouzene_2005b4125f.jpg" alt="analytika: Thermo Fisher Scientific Extended-Length Tip" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_analytika_spicky_Thermo_prodlouzene_2005b4125f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="407" height="118"><h5>MICRO</h5><ul><li>improve accuracy for low-volume samples and support efficient sample transfer,</li><li>suitable for critical and valuable samples and low-volume pipetting.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analytika_spicky_Thermo_micro_9b5879704a.jpg" alt="analytika: Thermo Fisher Scientific Micro Tip" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_analytika_spicky_Thermo_micro_9b5879704a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="435" height="115"><h5>MACRO</h5><ul><li>improve accuracy when working with larger sample volumes,</li><li>can serve as an alternative to serological pipettes.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analytika_spicky_Thermo_macro_8fb12684a7.jpg" alt="analytika: Thermo Fisher Scientific Macro Tip" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_analytika_spicky_Thermo_macro_8fb12684a7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="395" height="121"><h5>WIDE-BORE</h5><ul><li>the wide opening helps prevent cell lysis and improves accuracy when working with viscous solutions,</li><li>suitable for cell handling, macromolecular structures such as DNA, and highly viscous solutions.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/analytika_spicky_Thermo_siroky_otvor_9d6ad5537e.jpg" alt="analytika: Thermo Fisher Scientific Wide-Bore Tip" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_analytika_spicky_Thermo_siroky_otvor_9d6ad5537e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="397" height="127">

Equip Your Laboratory for Autumn at a Better Price

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The main mission of the Faculty of Science is to create highly qualified experts in biology, chemistry, geography, geology and in other interdisciplinary fields. Its scientific and research effort aims to solve key problems concerned with the development of human society. Some of the priority long-term subjects are human health, the study of the function and prediction of the development of ecosystems and the biosphere, and the development of environmentally-friendly materials based on the utilization of renewable resources.

Přírodovědecká fakulta Univerzity Karlovy

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Analytika is a Czech company that offers and produces certified reference materials (CRM) and (ultra)pure chemicals for quality control and quality assurance in laboratories, including accredited laboratories.

Our portfolio also includes pipettes and tips, digestors, PFA labware and other equipment for analytical laboratory and trace analysis.

ANALYTIKA

Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (9EEBM72)

The Eaton 9EEBM72 external battery module expands the capacity of 9E UPS systems and extends runtime during outages. Easy integration enables quick expansion without complex installation.

The Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (EBM), model 9EEBM72, is designed to extend the backup runtime of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=407">Eaton 9E UPS systems</a>. It ensures reliable operation and uninterrupted power supply to connected equipment during outages.With its robust design and high battery capacity, the module is well suited for applications requiring extended runtime. It is supplied with a connection cable and enables easy integration into existing UPS infrastructure.Installation is simple and provides a seamless transition to backup power without interruption.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_6_bd6b634a57.jpg" alt="Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (9EEBM72)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_6_bd6b634a57.jpg 176w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="888"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Extends backup runtime for Eaton 9E UPS systems</li><li>Sealed, maintenance-free lead-acid batteries</li><li>High operational reliability, even in demanding applications</li><li>Simple installation and easy system integration</li><li>Supplied with a power connection cable</li><li>Complies with international standards</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_5_bae8f57740.jpg" alt="Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (9EEBM72)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_5_bae8f57740.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="665"><h3>Technical specifications</h3><ul><li>Product type: Extended Battery Module (EBM)</li><li>Catalog number: 9EEBM72</li><li>Battery type: Sealed, lead-acid</li><li>Battery rating: 12 V / 9 Ah</li><li>Number of batteries: 12</li><li>Dimensions (W × H × D): 39.9 × 33 × 19 cm</li><li>Weight: 35.8 kg</li><li>Compliances: CE Marked , TUV</li><li>Certifications:&nbsp;<ul><li>IEC/EN 62040-1</li><li>IEC/EN 62040-2</li><li>CE</li><li>EAC</li></ul></li><li>Package contents:&nbsp;<ul><li>EBM module</li><li>power cable</li><li>quick start guide</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_7_b49f626968.jpg" alt="Eaton 9E Extended Battery Module (9EEBM72)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_E_Extended_Battery_Module_9_EEBM_72_7_b49f626968.jpg 178w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="876">

Linde Argon 4.6 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon 4.6 for MIG, TIG, and plasma welding. High-purity inert gas ensuring stable arc ignition and oxidation-free weld protection.

Argon 4.6 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas primarily used as a shielding gas for welding applications. Its low ionization potential enables easy arc ignition and stable arc performance without reacting with the welded materials.Argon effectively protects the weld pool from oxidation and atmospheric contamination, ensuring high weld quality and mechanical integrity. It is suitable for a wide range of welding methods and materials.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>High purity (grade 4.6)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Low ionization potential for easy arc ignition</li><li>Stable welding arc</li><li>Protection against oxidation</li><li>Suitable for various metals and alloys</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: typically ≥ 99.996% (4.6 grade)</li><li>Standard: ČSN EN ISO 14175</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>10 l (200 bar)</li><li>20 l (200 bar)</li><li>50 l (200 bar)</li><li>50 l (300 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Shielding gas for MIG welding<ul><li>aluminum and its alloys</li><li>copper and its alloys</li><li>nickel and its alloys</li></ul></li><li>Shielding gas for TIG (GTAW) welding<ul><li>carbon and alloy steels</li><li>stainless steels (CrNi)</li><li>aluminum, copper, nickel and alloys</li></ul></li><li>Plasma arc welding (PAW)</li><li>Root protection during welding</li><li>Welding of titanium and high-alloy materials</li><li>Filling gas for lamps and lighting</li></ul>

Linde Argon 4.8 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon 4.8 for MIG, TIG, and plasma welding. High-purity inert gas ensuring stable arc performance and high-quality, oxidation-free welds.

Argon 4.8 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas designed for demanding welding applications, particularly for non-ferrous metals. Compared to standard grades, its higher purity ensures improved arc stability and superior weld quality.Its low ionization potential enables easy arc ignition and stable arc performance without reacting with the base material. Argon effectively protects the weld pool from oxidation and contamination, which is critical for sensitive materials.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>High purity (grade 4.8)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Stable and easy arc ignition</li><li>Improved weld quality</li><li>Protection against oxidation</li><li>Suitable for non-ferrous and alloy materials</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: typically ≥ 99.998% (4.8 grade)</li><li>Standard: ČSN EN ISO 14175</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>5 L (200 bar)</li><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (300 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Shielding gas for MIG welding<ul><li>aluminum and its alloys</li><li>copper and its alloys</li><li>nickel and its alloys</li></ul></li><li>Shielding gas for TIG (GTAW) welding<ul><li>carbon and alloy steels</li><li>stainless steels (CrNi)</li><li>aluminum, copper, nickel and alloys</li></ul></li><li>Plasma arc welding (PAW)</li><li>Root protection during welding</li><li>Welding of sensitive and high-alloy materials</li><li>Filling gas for lamps and lighting</li></ul>

Linde Argon 5.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon 5.0 for TIG, PAW, GC, and spectrometry. Ultra-high purity inert gas for sensitive materials and precision analytical applications.

Argon 5.0 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas (≥ 99.999%) designed for demanding applications where maximum purity and stability are essential.Its exceptional purity makes it ideal for welding sensitive metals such as titanium, tantalum, and zirconium, where even trace contamination can affect weld quality. Argon 5.0 is also widely used in analytical techniques, semiconductor processes, and research environments, ensuring stable and reproducible conditions.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Very high purity ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Extremely low impurity levels</li><li>Suitable for sensitive materials and precision processes</li><li>Stable analytical and process conditions</li><li>Versatile applications (welding, analytics, research)</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li>Standard: ČSN EN ISO 14175</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Shielding gas for TIG and PAW welding<ul><li>titanium, tantalum, zirconium and sensitive metals</li></ul></li><li>Semiconductor industry<ul><li>deposition and diffusion processes</li><li>thin film preparation</li></ul></li><li>Analytical applications<ul><li>carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>protective gas in spectrometric analysis</li></ul></li><li>Lighting industry<ul><li>filling gas for lamps</li></ul></li><li>Measurement technology, research and development</li></ul>

Linde Argon 6.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Argon 6.0 (≥99.9999%) for GC, spectrometry, and semiconductors. Ultra-high purity inert gas for the most demanding analytical applications.

Argon 6.0 from Linde is an ultra-high purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.9999%, designed for the most demanding applications in analytics, semiconductor manufacturing, and research.Its extremely low level of trace impurities makes it ideal for use in gas chromatography, spectrometry, and other contamination-sensitive techniques. It ensures maximum measurement stability, minimal interference, and excellent reproducibility.Argon 6.0 is also well suited for advanced technological processes such as thin film deposition and diffusion processes, where ultra-clean protective atmospheres are required.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Ultra-high purity ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Extremely low trace impurity levels</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Ideal for analytical and semiconductor applications</li><li>High stability and reproducibility</li><li>Suitable for the most demanding applications</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: argon (Ar)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Standard: ČSN EN ISO 14175</li><li>Supply form: gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Semiconductor industry<ul><li>deposition and diffusion processes</li><li>thin film manufacturing</li></ul></li><li>Analytical applications<ul><li>carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>protective gas in spectrometric analysis</li></ul></li><li>Lighting industry<ul><li>filling gas for lamps</li></ul></li><li>Measurement technologies</li><li>Research and development</li></ul>

Linde Acetylene for Flame Photometry - Gas Cylinder

Linde Acetylene ≥99.6% for flame photometry and AAS. High-efficiency fuel gas delivering stable flame conditions for analytical and industrial applications.

Acetylene for flame photometry from Linde is a highly efficient fuel gas supplied at approximately 99.6% purity, dissolved in acetone or DMF (dimethylformamide). This dissolved form ensures safe storage and handling by stabilizing the gas within a porous mass inside the cylinder.Acetylene offers the highest flame temperature among commonly used fuel gases and provides rapid heating. These properties make it suitable for both analytical and industrial applications. In analytical chemistry, it is widely used as a fuel gas for flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), ensuring stable flame conditions and accurate measurements.Thanks to specially designed cylinders, acetylene supplied by Linde meets the strictest industrial safety standards and ensures reliable operation.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Highest efficiency among fuel gases</li><li>High purity (~≥ 99.6%) for analytical applications</li><li>Dissolved in acetone or DMF for safe handling</li><li>Stable and high-temperature flame</li><li>Suitable for analytical and industrial use</li><li>Complies with strict safety standards</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: acetylene (C₂H₂)</li><li>Purity: approx. ≥ 99.6% (photometry grade)</li><li>Supply form: dissolved in acetone or DMF in gas cylinder</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><h5>Analytical Applications:</h5><ul><li>Fuel gas for flame photometry</li><li>Fuel gas for atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)</li></ul><h5>Industrial Applications:</h5><ul><li>Flame welding and brazing</li><li>Oxy-fuel cutting</li><li>Heat treatment (e.g., carburizing)</li><li>Flame heating and hot forming</li><li>Flame cleaning, hardening, and straightening</li></ul><h5>Other Applications:</h5><ul><li>Glass industry (e.g., separation layer formation)</li></ul>

Linde Acetylene Pure – Gas Cylinder

Linde Acetylene ≥98.5% for welding, cutting, and heating. Highly efficient fuel gas with the highest flame temperature and rapid heating performance.

Pure acetylene from Linde is a highly efficient fuel gas supplied at a purity of ≥ 98.5%, dissolved in acetone. This form ensures safe storage and handling by stabilizing the gas within a porous mass inside the cylinder.Acetylene provides the highest flame temperature among commonly used fuel gases and delivers rapid heating performance. When combined with oxygen, it offers outstanding technological properties, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.Its unique characteristics make it ideal not only for welding and cutting but also for metallurgical processes (e.g., carburizing) and glass manufacturing.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Highest efficiency among fuel gases</li><li>Purity ≥ 98.5%</li><li>Dissolved in acetone for safe handling</li><li>Very fast heating capability</li><li>Stable and high-temperature flame</li><li>Versatile industrial applications</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: acetylene (C₂H₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 98.5%</li><li>Supply form: dissolved in acetone in gas cylinder</li><li>Cylinder type:<ul><li>1.8 kg</li><li>4 kg</li><li>7 kg</li><li>8 kg</li><li>10 kg</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Flame welding and brazing</li><li>Oxy-fuel cutting</li><li>Flame heating</li><li>Flame gouging</li><li>Flame hardening</li><li>Flame cleaning and straightening</li><li>Hot forming</li></ul><h5>Additional applications:</h5><ul><li>Metallurgy (e.g., surface carburizing)</li><li>Glass industry (e.g., separation layer formation)</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS20 FTIR Spectrometer

Nicolet iS20 FTIR spectrometer with LightDrive optics, <0.25 cm⁻¹ resolution, cloud connectivity, and advanced mixture analysis capabilities.

The Thermo Scientific Nicolet™ iS™ 20 FTIR Spectrometer represents a next-generation FTIR platform designed for fast and accurate identification of mixtures, contaminants, and trace components across applications including QA/QC, pharmaceuticals, polymers, and forensics.At the core of the system is the LightDrive™ Optical Engine, integrating the source, laser, interferometer, and detector into a single optimized module. This design delivers high spectral resolution (&lt;0.25 cm⁻¹) and a signal-to-noise ratio up to 50,000:1, enabling detection of low-level components.The instrument features a touchscreen interface with multi-color LED status indicators (ready / scan / alert) for intuitive operation. A sealed and purge-ready optical bench ensures long-term stability even in demanding environments.The system supports cloud-enabled workflows via Thermo Fisher Cloud and uses OMNIC™ / OMNIC Specta™ software, including a library of &gt;9,000 spectra for rapid unknown identification.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>LightDrive™ optical engine (source, laser, interferometer, detector)</li><li>Spectral resolution &lt; 0.25 cm⁻¹</li><li>Signal-to-noise ratio up to 50,000:1</li><li>Touchscreen interface with LED status indicators</li><li>10-year warranty on source, laser, and interferometer</li><li>High data reproducibility (stable IR source)</li><li>Sealed, purge-ready optics</li><li>Cloud connectivity (Thermo Fisher Cloud)</li><li>OMNIC™ and OMNIC Specta™ software (&gt;9,000 spectra library)</li><li>Automated validation (IQ/OQ, pharmacopeias)</li><li>Wide accessory compatibility (SMART, microscopy, TGA-IR)</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Optics and Performance</h4><ul><li>Spectral range:<ul><li>7800–350 cm⁻¹ (standard KBr)</li><li>11,000–375 cm⁻¹ (XT-KBr extended range)</li></ul></li><li>Spectral resolution: &lt; 0.25 cm⁻¹</li><li>Signal-to-noise ratio: 50,000:1</li><li>Laser: solid-state diode laser (10-year warranty)</li><li>Beamsplitter:<ul><li>KBr/Ge (standard)</li><li>XT-KBr/Ge (optional)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Detection and Sources</h4><ul><li>Detector:<ul><li>DTGS (standard)</li><li>optional high-sensitivity detectors (e.g., MCT)</li></ul></li><li>Source:<ul><li>stabilized IR source (non-migrating hot spot)</li><li>optional tungsten/halogen</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Construction and Validation</h4><ul><li>Optical system: sealed and purge-ready</li><li>Validation: integrated SPV, ASTM/NIST traceable</li><li>Compliance:<ul><li>USP / Ph. Eur. / JP / CP</li><li>21 CFR Part 11</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Interface and Software</h4><ul><li>USB 2.0</li><li>Thermo Fisher Cloud</li><li>Software: OMNIC™ / OMNIC Specta™</li></ul><h4>Dimensions and Weight</h4><ul><li>Dimensions: 570 × 550 × 250 mm</li><li>Weight: 32 kg</li></ul><h4>Electrical</h4><ul><li>100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li></ul>

Eaton 9SX5KI UPS backup power source

The Eaton 9SX5KI is an online double-conversion UPS (5000 VA / 4500 W) delivering stable power, up to 94.2% efficiency, and support for external battery modules for critical applications.

The Eaton 9SX5KI is a reliable online double-conversion UPS designed to provide continuous power protection for critical equipment in IT, industrial, and laboratory applications. It delivers a stable sine wave output with precise voltage and frequency regulation, ensuring maximum reliability even under fluctuating input conditions.With high efficiency of up to 94.2% at full load, it helps reduce operating costs. The internal bypass ensures power continuity in case of a fault, while advanced battery management (ABM) extends battery life and optimizes charging cycles. The Eaton 9SX5KI UPS supports connection of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2311">external battery modules</a> (EBM).The unit features a clear multilingual LCD display and a wide range of communication options including USB, RS232, and dry contacts. Its compact tower design allows easy integration into various environments.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_5d65894bb5.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX5KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_5d65894bb5.jpg 172w," sizes="100vw" width="654" height="592"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Online double-conversion UPS</li><li>5000 VA / 4500 W output power</li><li>Efficiency up to 94.2%</li><li>Sine wave output with low distortion (≤3%)</li><li>Internal bypass</li><li>ABM battery management (extended battery life)</li><li>Support for external battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Multilingual LCD display</li><li>Communication interfaces: USB, RS232, relay contacts</li><li>Slot for optional communication card</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_3_221b7b4131.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX5KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_3_221b7b4131.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="1000"><h3>Technical specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Model: Eaton 9SX5KI</li><li>Part number: 9SX5KI</li><li>Form factor: Tower</li><li>Color: Black</li><li>Efficiency: up to 94.2%</li><li>Internal bypass: Yes</li><li>Phase (input/output): 1 / 1</li><li>Certifications:<ul><li>IEC/EN 62040-1</li><li>IEC/EN 62040-2</li><li>CE</li><li>EAC</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Electrical input</h4><ul><li>Input voltage range: 176–276 V (120–276 V with derating)</li><li>Nominal voltage: default 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V)</li><li>Input frequency range: 40–70 Hz</li><li>Nominal frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Input power factor: &gt;0.99</li><li>Connection: Hardwired / terminal block</li></ul><h4>Electrical output</h4><ul><li>Power rating: 5000 VA / 4500 W</li><li>Output voltage: 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V) ±2%</li><li>Output frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Power factor: 0.9</li><li>Waveform: Sine wave</li><li>THD: ≤3%</li><li>Topology: Online / double conversion</li></ul><h4>Battery</h4><ul><li>Type: Sealed lead-acid (VRLA)</li><li>Quantity: 20 × 12 V / 7 Ah</li><li>Management: ABM with temperature compensation</li><li>Features: Automatic battery test, deep discharge protection</li><li>Expandability: External battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Replacement: User-replaceable</li><li>Runtime graph: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://eg.eaton.com/ups-battery-runtime/en-gb/9SX5KI">runtime graph</a></li></ul><h4>Communication</h4><ul><li>USB: Yes (HID compatible)</li><li>RS232: Yes</li><li>Dry contacts: Yes (2 outputs, 1 input)</li><li>RPO: Yes (remote power off)</li><li>Expansion slot: 1× for communication card</li><li>Software: Eaton Intelligent Power Manager, Intelligent Power Protector</li></ul><h4>Physical parameters</h4><ul><li>Dimensions (H × W × D): 57.5 × 24.4 × 54.2 cm</li><li>Weight: 65.5 kg</li></ul><h4>Operating conditions</h4><ul><li>Noise level: &lt;46 dB (at 1 m)</li><li>Temperature: 0–40 °C</li><li>Relative humidity: 0–96% non-condensing</li><li>Altitude: up to 3000 m</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_4_abfc77eb36.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX5KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_4_abfc77eb36.jpg 223w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="701">

Eaton 9SX6KI UPS backup power source

The Eaton 9SX6KI is an online double-conversion UPS (6000 VA / 5400 W) delivering stable power, up to 94% efficiency, and support for external battery modules for critical applications.

The Eaton 9SX6KI is a high-performance online double-conversion UPS designed to provide continuous power protection for critical equipment in IT, industrial, and laboratory applications. It delivers a stable sine wave output with precise voltage and frequency regulation, ensuring maximum reliability even under fluctuating input conditions.With efficiency of up to 94% at full load, it helps reduce operating costs. The internal bypass ensures power continuity in case of a fault, while advanced battery management (ABM) extends battery life and optimizes charging cycles. The Eaton 9SX6KI UPS supports connection of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2311">external battery modules</a>(EBM).The unit features a clear multilingual LCD display and a wide range of communication options including USB, RS232, and dry contacts. Its compact tower design allows easy integration into various environments.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_5d65894bb5.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX6KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_5d65894bb5.jpg 172w," sizes="100vw" width="654" height="592"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li>Online double-conversion UPS</li><li>6000 VA / 5400 W output power</li><li>Efficiency up to 94%</li><li>Sine wave output with low distortion (≤3%)</li><li>Internal bypass</li><li>ABM battery management (extended battery life)</li><li>Support for external battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Multilingual LCD display</li><li>Communication interfaces: USB, RS232, relay contacts</li><li>Slot for optional communication card</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_3_221b7b4131.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX6KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_3_221b7b4131.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="1000"><h3>Technical specifications</h3><h4>General</h4><ul><li>Model: Eaton 9SX6KI</li><li>Part number: 9SX6KI</li><li>Form factor: Tower</li><li>Color: Black</li><li>Efficiency: up to 94%</li><li>Internal bypass: Yes</li><li>Phase (input/output): 1 / 1</li><li>Certifications:<ul><li>IEC/EN 62040-1</li><li>IEC/EN 62040-2</li><li>CE</li><li>EAC</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Electrical input</h4><ul><li>Input voltage range: 176–276 V (120–276 V with derating)</li><li>Nominal voltage: default 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V)</li><li>Input frequency range: 40–70 Hz</li><li>Nominal frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Input power factor: &gt;0.99</li><li>Connection: Hardwired / terminal block</li></ul><h4>Electrical output</h4><ul><li>Power rating: 6000 VA / 5400 W</li><li>Output voltage: 230 V (200/208/220/230/240 V) ±2%</li><li>Output frequency: 50/60 Hz</li><li>Power factor: 0.9</li><li>Waveform: Sine wave</li><li>THD: ≤3%</li><li>Topology: Online / double conversion</li></ul><h4>Battery</h4><ul><li>Type: Sealed lead-acid (VRLA)</li><li>Quantity: 20 × 12 V / 7 Ah</li><li>Management: ABM with temperature compensation</li><li>Features: Automatic battery test, deep discharge protection</li><li>Expandability: External battery modules (EBM)</li><li>Replacement: User-replaceable</li><li>Runtime graph: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://eg.eaton.com/ups-battery-runtime/en-gb/9SX6KI">runtime graph</a></li></ul><h4>Communication</h4><ul><li>USB: Yes (HID compatible)</li><li>RS232: Yes</li><li>Dry contacts: Yes (2 outputs, 1 input)</li><li>RPO: Yes (remote power off)</li><li>Expansion slot: 1× for communication card</li><li>Software: Eaton Intelligent Power Manager, Intelligent Power Protector</li></ul><h4>Physical parameters</h4><ul><li>Dimensions (H × W × D): 57.5 × 24.4 × 54.2 cm</li><li>Weight: 65.5 kg</li></ul><h4>Operating conditions</h4><ul><li>Noise level: &lt;46 dB (at 1 m)</li><li>Temperature: 0–40 °C</li><li>Relative humidity: 0–96% non-condensing</li><li>Altitude: up to 3000 m</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_4_abfc77eb36.jpg" alt="Eaton 9SX6KI UPS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eaton_9_SX_5_KI_UPS_4_abfc77eb36.jpg 223w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="701">

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