UCTP-REFINE Lab is a research group at the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague focused on sustainable waste valorization, chemical recycling, and the production of alternative feedstocks for chemicals and fuels. The team combines chemical engineering, catalysis, and advanced analytical chemistry to study the thermal and catalytic conversion of complex waste streams, particularly plastics, tires, and biomass, including pyrolysis and upgrading of resulting oils. A strong emphasis is placed on comprehensive characterization of feedstocks, intermediates, and products to link composition and process conditions with product quality and support the development of circular, resource-efficient technologies.<h3>PhD position Chemometric processing of GC×GC data from alternative fuels and oils produced via thermochemical conversion of biomass and plastics</h3><h4>Expected experience:</h4><ul><li>Master's degree in chemistry or chemical engineering</li><li>Strong background in analytical chemistry and chemistry in general; a background in chemical engineering is beneficial</li><li>Experience with chromatography is mandatory.</li><li>Experience with chemometric data processing (e.g. in Python) and GC×GC is not required but is beneficial.</li><li>Top-level English, both spoken and written, ideally proven by a certificate.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/refine_lab_equipment_33ff27095e.jpg" alt="UCTP-REFINE-lab: Process Gas Chromatograph with Electrolyzer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_refine_lab_equipment_33ff27095e.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="375"><h4>Expected work:</h4><ul><li>Close collaboration with all involved colleagues and relevant partners from the project consortium.</li><li>GC×GC analysis of complex samples utilizing FID, MS and NCD detectors.</li><li>The focus will be on alternative fuels and oils from thermochemical depolymerisation of biomass and plastics, as well as the samples after hydrotreating.</li><li>Advanced GC×GC data processing using chemometrics for prediction model development.</li><li>Participation also in sample production.</li><li>Contribution to project reports, publications, and conference presentations.</li></ul><h4>What we offer:</h4><ul><li>A young but fast-growing Team with strong international collaborations with academia and industry.</li><li>Top-level facilities and expertise in hydrotreating and liquid product analysis.</li><li>Work on a prospective topic in close collaboration with top EU companies as part of a demonstration EU project.</li><li>Competitive income, which level depends entirely on your activity and productivity.</li></ul>Questions? Feel free to contact our students Adham (yaghia@vscht.cz) or Vít (vyskocit@vscht.cz).<ul><li>Preferred start: early 2027</li><li>Application deadline: 30th October 2026</li><li>Funding: Fully funded PhD position as part of an upcoming HE project.</li></ul>If you are interested and meet the criteria, apply through the application form below.<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.uctp-refine-lab.com/joining-our-team-form-gcxgc">Apply through this form</a></blockquote>

PhD position Chemometric processing of GC×GC data from alternative fuels and oils

Compositional and Metabolomic Characterization of Major On-Farm Side Streams and Derived Products of Industrial Fine-Flavor Cocoa Processing

The integrity of sport depends on the ability to detect prohibited substances accurately, reliably and with confidence. However, as doping strategies become increasingly sophisticated, the analytical demands placed on anti-doping laboratories continue to evolve.Today’s laboratories must do more than test for a static list of known compounds. They need broad analytical strategies capable of addressing hundreds of substances across multiple chemical classes, identifying emerging threats and supporting defensible confirmation and reporting of adverse analytical findings. For more than 25 years, Thermo Fisher Scientific has worked globally with World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited laboratories to advance the analytical science supporting modern anti-doping programs.<h3>Anti-doping testing is a moving target</h3>The World Anti-Doping Agency publishes an annually updated Prohibited List that provides a global framework for testing programs. Yet the list is non-exhaustive, meaning laboratories may also need to detect structurally related compounds and substances across several categories, with similar chemical structure and biological activity. That creates a significant analytical challenge. Anti-doping laboratories must be prepared to monitor a broad range of compounds while maintaining the sensitivity, specificity, and confidence required for both initial testing and confirmation. At the same time, the landscape continues to change. Emerging substances, rapidly expanding doping strategies and new approaches to sample collection and analysis are creating multiple considerations for anti-doping laboratories to consider. Dried blood spots (DBS), for example, have gained attention as a complementary approach to traditional urine and venous blood collection supporting applications such as detecting steroid esters and monitoring peptides. High-resolution mass spectrometry is also enabling laboratories to consider both targeted analysis and retrospective interrogation of previously acquired data as scientific knowledge and regulations evolve.<h3>From screening to confident confirmation</h3>No single analytical technique can address every anti-doping challenge.With respect to chemical analysis of toxicologically relevant compounds, modern doping control laboratories employ complementary technologies—including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)—depending on the compounds and analytical questions involved.For initial testing, laboratories may need to efficiently screen biological samples for numerous prohibited substances spanning categories such as steroids, stimulants, metabolic modulators, diuretics, narcotics, cannabinoids and peptides.When &nbsp;an initial Testing Procedure produces a result requiring confirmation, laboratories need analytical approaches capable of supporting confident confirmation.This combination of broad screening and targeted confirmation has made mass spectrometry central to modern anti-doping science.<h3>Expanding possibilities with LC-MS</h3>High-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry can provide precise mass measurements while supporting comprehensive screening of known and suspected substances, while preserving information-rich data that can support investigation of emerging or previously untargeted compounds.An important advantage of high-resolution mass spectrometry is the ability to revisit previously acquired data. As new substances, metabolites or other analytical targets are identified, laboratories can potentially re-process previously acquired full scan data (and any corresponding MSn experiment) without reanalyzing the original sample. This strategy is currently used by laboratories to support global re-testing programs.&nbsp; Triple quadrupole <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/lcms/products?category=20&amp;manufacturerItems=3">LC-MS</a> can complement these workflows by supporting sensitive, targeted quantitation and confirmation of prohibited substances.Together, these approaches provide laboratories the flexibility needed to address today’s testing requirements while giving laboratories greater flexibility to respond to emerging analytical challenges.<h3>The continuing role of GC-MS/MS</h3>Gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry remains an important technology in anti-doing laboratories, particularly for urinary steroid profiling and the screening and confirmation of anabolic- &nbsp;androgenic steroids and other GC-amenable prohibited substances.GC-MS/MS can support both screening and confirmation while providing the sensitivity, selectivity and dymanic range required for screening and confirmatory analysis.The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/485">Thermo Scientific TSQ 9610 Triple Quadrupole GC-MS</a> is designed to maximize sample throughput, helping laboratories address the demands of routine testing while maintaining analytical performance across a wide dynamic range. &nbsp;The TSQ 9610 incorporates NeverVent technology, designed to increase instrument uptime by reducing the disruption associated with routine source maintenance.As anti-doping workflows evolve, bridging screening and confirmation together within robust analytical strategies can help laboratories respond efficiently to increasingly complex testing requirements.<h3>When identifying a steroid isn’t enough</h3>In some anti-doping investigations, simply detecting a compound does not provide the complete answer.Testosterone, for example, can be produced naturally by the body or administered externally as an anabolic steroid. In cases where laboratories need to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous sources, isotope ratio mass spectrometry can provide another layer of information.GC-IRMS can help laboratories determine whether selected urinary steroids are consistent with an endogenous or exogenous origin by comparing carbon isotope ratios.The result is an analytical toolkit in which different technologies answer different questions—from broad screening and sensitive confirmation to determining the origin of a compound.<h3>Putting advanced workflows into practice</h3>Technology is only part of the equation. Real-world anti-doping laboratories also need to manage high sample volumes, turnaround expectations and continually changing analytical requirements.At Laboratoire Anti-Dopage Français (LADF), Director Dr. Magnus Ericsson and his team use advanced mass spectrometry workflows to support anti-doping testing.According to Ericsson, integration of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products?category=20&amp;manufacturerItems=3">Thermo Scientific TSQ</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products?category=37&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=vanquish">Vanquish systems</a> has helped enhance efficiency and turnaround while supporting more than 40,000 sample analyses since 2023.Experiences like these demonstrate how integrated analytical workflows can help laboratories translate advances in mass spectrometry into routine anti-doping operations.<h3>Preparing for what comes next</h3>Anti-doping science has advanced dramatically—from early testing approaches to today’s sophisticated, — mass spectrometry technologies; including but not limited to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/products?category=20&amp;manufacturerItems=3">GC-MS/MS</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/lcms/products?category=20&amp;manufacturerItems=3">LC-MS/MS</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products?category=22&amp;manufacturerItems=3">high-resolution accurate-mass MS</a> and<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/products?category=351&amp;manufacturerItems=3"> isotope ratio MS</a> workflows.But the science cannot stand still.Emerging compounds, evolving regulations and increasingly sophisticated doping strategies mean laboratories must continually evaluate how they manage and process samples and then screen, identify, quantify and confirm prohibited substances. The goal remains constant: provide accurate, high-quality analytical results that help protect the integrity of competition.Explore the technologies, workflows and expert perspectives shaping the next generation of anti-doping testing in our comprehensive eBook, Upholding the Integrity of Sport.<blockquote><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://documents.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/brochures/eb-004467-cl-cmd-ms-antidoping-eb004467-na-en.pdf">Download the anti-doping eBook</a></h5></blockquote>Visit us on&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a>&nbsp;#AntiDoping #MassSpectrometry #SportsIntegrity #WADA

Advancing Anti-Doping Science: Analytical Strategies for the Evolving Fight Against Doping

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Linde Carbon Dioxide CO₂ 4.5 – Gas Cylinder

Linde CO₂ 4.5 (≥99.995%) gas cylinder for analytics, calibration, and CO₂ lasers. High-purity solution for laboratories, semiconductors, and research.

Carbon dioxide CO₂ 4.5 from Linde is a high-purity gas with a purity of ≥ 99.995%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for demanding laboratory, analytical, and industrial applications.Its elevated purity makes it ideal as a resonator gas for CO₂ lasers, as well as an operational and calibration gas in analytical chemistry, where low impurity levels and high stability are essential. It is also widely used in semiconductor manufacturing, metallurgy, chemical processing, healthcare, and research.CO₂ 4.5 represents an optimal balance between high purity and cost efficiency across a broad range of applications.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.995%</li><li>Suitable for CO₂ laser applications</li><li>Stable composition for analytical use</li><li>Low impurity levels</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li><li>Broad laboratory and industrial applicability</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: carbon dioxide (CO₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.995% (4.5 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder</li><li>Other available grades:<ul><li>CO₂ for welding</li><li>CO₂ 3.0</li><li>CO₂ 4.8</li><li>CO₂ 5.3</li><li>CO₂ for SFE/SFC</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Resonator gas for CO₂ lasers</li><li>Operational and calibration gas in analytics</li><li>Gas chromatography and laboratory analysis</li><li>Semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Metallurgy and chemical industry</li><li>Healthcare and research</li></ul>

Linde Methane 2.5 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Methane 2.5 (≥99.5%) gas cylinder for metallurgy, microelectronics, and measurement applications. Reliable fuel and process gas.

Methane 2.5 from Linde is a technical-grade gas with a purity of ≥ 99.5%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for a wide range of industrial and laboratory applications.Due to its properties, methane is an ideal fuel and process gas, particularly for thermal treatments and the creation of controlled atmospheres in metallurgy. It is also used in electronics, microelectronics, and various analytical and physical measurement techniques.Methane 2.5 provides a cost-effective and reliable solution for applications where ultra-high purity is not required but consistent performance is essential.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.5%</li><li>Suitable as fuel and process gas</li><li>Stable composition for industrial use</li><li>Cost-effective solution</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li><li>Broad range of applications</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: methane (CH₄)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.5% (2.5 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 l (200 bar)</li><li>50 l (200bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Metallurgy – controlled atmospheres for thermal processing</li><li>Electronics and microelectronics</li><li>Energy carrier for specialized processes (e.g., explosive surface treatment)</li><li>Standard gas for calorimetric measurements</li><li>Process gas for radioactivity measurements</li></ul>

Linde Oxygen 3.5 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Oxygen 3.5 (≥99.95%) gas cylinder for metal cutting and industrial use. Higher purity improves cutting speed and quality.

Oxygen 3.5 from Linde is a technical-grade gas with a purity of ≥ 99.95%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for industrial and technological applications.Its enhanced purity improves combustion efficiency, increases cutting speed, and enhances cut quality. This makes it ideal for laser, plasma, and oxy-fuel cutting of metals, particularly steels and sheet materials. It is also widely used in electronics, precision engineering, mechanical engineering, and in the production of vehicles, aircraft, and pressure vessels.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.95%</li><li>Supports high-intensity combustion</li><li>Improves cutting speed</li><li>Enhances cut quality</li><li>Suitable for industrial applications</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: oxygen (O₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.95% (3.5 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>50 l (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Laser cutting of metals</li><li>Plasma cutting</li><li>Oxy-fuel cutting</li><li>Electronics and precision engineering</li><li>Mechanical engineering</li><li>Manufacturing of vehicles, aircraft, and pressure vessels</li></ul>

Linde Oxygen 4.5 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Oxygen 4.5 (≥99.995%) gas cylinder for analytics, chemistry, and semiconductors. High-purity gas for laboratory and industrial applications.

Oxygen 4.5 from Linde is a high-purity gas with a purity of ≥ 99.995%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for demanding laboratory, analytical, and industrial applications.It acts as a strong oxidizing agent in chemical processes and serves as an operational gas for analytical applications. Its high purity ensures minimal contamination and reliable, reproducible results.Oxygen 4.5 is widely used in the chemical industry, semiconductor manufacturing, healthcare, and research, where stable and precise performance is required.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.995%</li><li>Strong oxidizing properties</li><li>Suitable for analytical applications</li><li>Low impurity levels</li><li>Stable and reproducible performance</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: oxygen (O₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.995% (4.5 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Chemical industry (oxidation processes)</li><li>Semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Analytical laboratories</li><li>Healthcare</li><li>Research and development</li></ul>

Linde Oxygen 5.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Oxygen 5.0 (≥99.999%) gas cylinder for analytics, semiconductors, and research. Ultra-high purity for demanding applications.

Oxygen 5.0 from Linde is an ultra-high purity gas with a purity of ≥ 99.999%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for the most demanding laboratory, analytical, and industrial applications.It acts as a strong oxidizing agent in chemical processes and serves as an operational gas for analytical applications where maximum purity and minimal contamination are critical. Its quality ensures high precision and reproducibility.Oxygen 5.0 is widely used in the chemical industry, semiconductor manufacturing, healthcare, and research and development environments.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.999%</li><li>Ultra-high purity for demanding applications</li><li>Strong oxidizing properties</li><li>Suitable for analytical use</li><li>Minimal contamination levels</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: oxygen (O₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Chemical industry (oxidation processes)</li><li>Semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Analytical laboratories</li><li>Healthcare</li><li>Research and development</li></ul>

Linde Oxygen 6.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Oxygen 6.0 (≥99.9999%) gas cylinder for ultra-high purity applications in analytics, semiconductors, and research.

Oxygen 6.0 from Linde is an ultra-high purity gas with a purity of ≥ 99.9999%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for the most demanding analytical, semiconductor, and research applications.It functions as a strong oxidizing agent in chemical processes and as a high-purity operational gas for analytical use, where minimizing trace contaminants is essential. Its exceptional purity ensures maximum accuracy, stability, and reproducibility.Oxygen 6.0 is particularly suited for advanced research, microelectronics, and other applications where gas quality is a critical parameter.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.9999%</li><li>Ultra-high purity for critical applications</li><li>Strong oxidizing properties</li><li>Minimal impurity levels</li><li>Suitable for analytical and semiconductor applications</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: oxygen (O₂)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Chemical industry (high-purity oxidation processes)</li><li>Semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Analytical laboratories</li><li>Healthcare</li><li>Research and development</li></ul>

Linde Helium 4.6 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Helium 4.6 (≥99.996%) gas cylinder for chromatography, leak detection, and industrial use. Reliable carrier and cooling gas.

Helium 4.6 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.996%, supplied in pressurized cylinders for a wide range of industrial and analytical applications.Due to its chemical inertness, low density, and excellent thermal conductivity, helium is ideal for cooling, protective atmospheres, and analytical workflows. It is widely used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography, ensuring stable separations and reproducible results.Helium 4.6 is also applied in leak detection, metallurgy, glass production, laser technologies, and medical gas mixtures.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.996%</li><li>Chemically inert</li><li>Excellent thermal conductivity</li><li>Low density</li><li>Ideal carrier gas for GC</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: helium (He)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.996% (4.6 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (300 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Shielding gas in welding</li><li>Purging in metallurgy and specialty glass production</li><li>Cooling medium in reactors</li><li>Glass fiber manufacturing</li><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography</li><li>Laser gas mixtures (with CO₂)</li><li>Leak detection</li><li>Medical gas mixtures</li></ul>

Linde Helium ECD – Gas Cylinder

Linde Helium ECD (≥99.999%) gas cylinder for GC-ECD analysis. Ultra-high purity carrier gas for trace-level detection and reliable results.

Helium ECD from Linde is an ultra-high purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.999%, specifically designed for analytical applications in gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD).Its extremely low impurity levels make it ideal for trace analysis, where baseline stability and minimal noise are critical. It serves as a carrier and operational gas in GC-ECD systems, commonly used for detecting halogenated compounds, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants.In addition to analytical use, helium ECD is also suitable for industrial applications such as purging in metallurgy, reactor cooling, glass fiber production, leak testing, and laser gas mixtures.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.999%</li><li>Optimized for GC-ECD applications</li><li>Extremely low impurity levels</li><li>Stable baseline and low noise</li><li>Chemically inert</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: helium (He)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.999% (ECD grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC-ECD)</li><li>Analytical chemistry – trace-level analysis</li><li>Purging in metallurgy and specialty glass production</li><li>Cooling medium in reactors</li><li>Glass fiber manufacturing</li><li>Laser gas mixtures (with CO₂)</li><li>Leak detection</li><li>Medical gas mixtures</li></ul>

Linde Helium 5.3 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Helium 5.3 (≥99.9993%) gas cylinder for analytics, GC, and electronics. High-purity carrier and purge gas.

Helium 5.3 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.9993%, designed for demanding analytical applications and use in the electronics industry.It serves as an operational, carrier, and purge gas, particularly in analytical chemistry where high stability and low impurity levels are essential. Its physical properties, including low density and excellent thermal conductivity, make it ideal for chromatography, cooling, and protective atmospheres.Helium 5.3 is widely used across industrial and research environments, including metallurgy, glass production, leak testing, laser applications, and medical gas mixtures.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.9993%</li><li>Suitable for analytical applications and GC</li><li>Low impurity levels</li><li>Chemically inert</li><li>Excellent thermal conductivity</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: helium (He)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.9993% (5.3 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography</li><li>Analytical laboratories</li><li>Electronics industry</li><li>Purging in metallurgy and specialty glass production</li><li>Cooling medium in reactors</li><li>Glass fiber manufacturing</li><li>Laser gas mixtures (with CO₂)</li><li>Leak detection</li><li>Medical gas mixtures</li></ul>

Linde Helium 5.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Helium 5.0 (≥99.999%) gas cylinder for analytics, GC, and industry. High-purity carrier, purge, and measurement gas.

Helium 5.0 from Linde is a high-purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.999%, suitable for a wide range of analytical, industrial, and research applications.It is commonly used as an operational, measurement, and purge gas and is an essential component of gas mixtures for welding and other industrial processes. Due to its chemical inertness, low density, and excellent thermal conductivity, it is ideal for gas chromatography, cooling applications, and protective atmospheres.Helium 5.0 represents a versatile solution for laboratories and industrial environments where high purity, stability, and reliability are required.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Gas purity ≥ 99.999%</li><li>Suitable for analytical applications and GC</li><li>Chemically inert</li><li>Excellent thermal conductivity</li><li>Versatile use across industries</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Gas: helium (He)</li><li>Purity: ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li>Supply form: pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography</li><li>Analytical laboratories</li><li>Purging in metallurgy and specialty glass production</li><li>Cooling medium in reactors</li><li>Glass fiber manufacturing</li><li>Laser gas mixtures (with CO₂)</li><li>Leak detection</li><li>Medical gas mixtures</li><li>Welding and shielding gas mixtures</li></ul>

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Advancing Anti-Doping Science: Analytical Strategies for the Evolving Fight Against Doping

PhD position Chemometric processing of GC×GC data from alternative fuels and oils

Compositional and Metabolomic Characterization of Major On-Farm Side Streams and Derived Products of Industrial Fine-Flavor Cocoa Processing