ISC 2026 - Day 2

<h4>What if you could compress 179 days of grueling laboratory workflow into just 14 hours?</h4>In this episode of ‪ChromatographyTalk‬, ‪Organomation‬ General Manager David Oliva sits down with analytical chemist Laura Penabad to discuss her groundbreaking new research in biocatalysis and high-throughput screening. Evolving engineered enzymes typically requires checking thousands of variants—a massive bottleneck when traditional Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) runs take minutes per sample. Laura reveals how her team built a modular screening platform that shatters this limitation, running samples 128 times faster than standard methods without sacrificing analytical accuracy.Laura breaks down the "orchestra" of technologies making this possible, including coupling nanoliter droplet microfluidics with Cyclic Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry (cIM-MS) to separate complex chemical isomers in milliseconds. She also shares the chaotic but triumphant behind-the-scenes stories of her PhD journey—from presenting a "comically bad" early poster at ASMS to recruiting an undergraduate mechanical engineer to build custom automation software from scratch.If you are an early-career researcher, a mass spec enthusiast, or curious about the future of synthetic biology and machine learning in chemistry, this episode is packed with invaluable intuition and advice.<h3>Video Transcription</h3><h4>From Months to Hours: Droplet Ion Mobility–MS for Biocatalysis Screening</h4>High-throughput screening is central to directed enzyme evolution, but conventional analytical workflows can create a difficult compromise: extremely fast screens often provide limited structural information, while techniques such as LC-MS offer much richer chemical insight at the cost of throughput. In a recent interview, analytical chemist Laura described how her work with droplet-based cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometry is helping bridge that gap—providing rapid analysis while retaining the ability to distinguish structurally similar products.Her research grew from an initially modest proof of concept into a screening platform capable of analyzing a 96-well plate in roughly ten minutes. The resulting workflow was approximately 128 times faster than a conventional three-minute LC-MS analysis, opening new possibilities for directed evolution campaigns in which thousands of enzyme variants need to be evaluated.<h4>Directed evolution needs better analytical screening</h4>Biocatalysis takes advantage of enzymes as highly selective catalysts capable of performing reactions under relatively mild conditions. Directed evolution extends those capabilities by deliberately modifying enzyme sequences, expressing large numbers of variants, screening their activity, and using the best-performing mutants as starting points for subsequent rounds of evolution.The process can be repeated multiple times, progressively steering an enzyme toward improved activity, altered substrate specificity, or even chemistry that does not occur naturally.But the effectiveness of directed evolution depends heavily on the screening step. The more variants that can be analyzed—and the more useful chemical information that can be collected for each one—the more effectively researchers can explore the enormous sequence space available to an enzyme.For Laura, this created a clear analytical challenge: develop a screening platform that was substantially faster than conventional chromatographic analysis without sacrificing the structural discrimination needed for chemically similar products.<h4>From an imperfect first experiment to a working platform</h4>The project did not begin with a polished high-throughput workflow.Laura recalled looking back at her 2023 ASMS poster, where the early system was still working with standards rather than true isomeric samples. Droplet introduction was slow—around six seconds per droplet—and the signals were far from the ideal reproducible, square, flat-topped profiles expected from replicate droplets.Nevertheless, simply producing a droplet signal represented an important first milestone.The decisive change came when the project stopped being treated merely as a demonstration that droplet ion mobility–MS could work and instead became a deliberate effort to build a robust screening platform.Laura approached the problem in modules. First came reliable droplet introduction. Then the ion mobility separation method. Quantification became another independent component. Matrix effects were introduced later, gradually making the system resemble the conditions expected with real screening samples.Each layer was tested before another was added.This stepwise strategy became one of the central principles of the project: rather than attempting to optimize the entire system simultaneously, individual components were developed, challenged, and then assembled into an increasingly realistic workflow.<h4>Finding the middle ground between speed and structural information</h4>One of the biggest analytical problems in high-throughput screening is distinguishing products with the same nominal or exact mass.Constitutional isomers may contain the same atoms and therefore generate the same mass-to-charge ratio, while differing only in how functional groups are arranged within the molecular structure. Very rapid optical or mass-based screens may therefore struggle to distinguish them.Traditional LC-MS can solve many of these problems through chromatographic separation, but a several-minute analysis rapidly becomes impractical when thousands of enzyme variants must be screened.Ion mobility offered Laura’s team another option.Rather than separating compounds on a chromatographic timescale, ion mobility can differentiate ions according to their gas-phase behavior on a much shorter timescale. In the workflow described in the interview, this created a useful compromise: not the kilohertz throughput possible with some simple screening technologies, but dramatically faster structural differentiation than conventional LC-MS.The goal was therefore not simply to achieve the fastest possible screen, but to find a middle-throughput analytical regime with enough resolving power to answer chemically meaningful questions.<h4>A 96-well plate in about ten minutes</h4>That strategy eventually produced one of the most striking results of the project.The droplet cyclic ion mobility–MS platform processed a 96-well plate in roughly ten minutes, while maintaining quantitative results comparable with the conventional LC-MS workflow used for comparison. According to the interview, this represented an approximately 128-fold increase in analysis speed relative to a three-minute LC-MS run.Laura described the successful plate experiment less as a surprise than as confirmation that the modular development strategy had worked.Before reaching that point, the workflow had already been challenged through a sequence of increasingly demanding experiments: droplet formation, ion mobility separation, calibration, matrix-containing calibration, and cross-testing analytes at different concentrations. By the time the complete plate was analyzed, each individual part of the analytical system had already been tested under progressively more realistic conditions.<h4>What does that speed mean for directed evolution?</h4>The impact becomes even clearer when the workflow is considered at the scale of an entire directed-evolution campaign.Laura’s manuscript estimated that a five-round campaign involving 5,000 variants would require approximately 179 days using the conventional LC-MS workflow but only about 14 hours using the new platform.Compressing months of analytical work into less than a day has consequences beyond laboratory productivity.It allows researchers to screen more enzyme variants and therefore sample a larger portion of sequence space. But the resulting datasets may also become increasingly valuable for computational approaches.Rather than retaining information only about the best-performing enzyme variant, researchers can preserve data describing variants that performed poorly as well as those that succeeded. When genotype and phenotype information remain linked through the well-plate workflow, these larger datasets can potentially provide richer input for machine-learning models designed to guide subsequent rounds of enzyme evolution.Faster analysis therefore does more than accelerate an existing experiment—it can change the scale and design of the experiment itself.<h4>Balancing ion mobility resolution and signal</h4>Increasing cyclic ion mobility separation time can improve resolution, but it also introduces an important trade-off: additional passes can reduce signal.Laura optimized this balance experimentally by continuously infusing mixtures containing both isomers and progressively adjusting the ion mobility conditions. After tuning parameters such as wave height and velocity, increasing the separation to three passes provided baseline resolution at the high analyte concentrations used during method development.<blockquote>Concentration, however, also mattered.</blockquote>At higher ion populations, space-charge effects could broaden peaks and reduce the baseline separation. This meant that the optimal number of passes could not be selected independently of the concentration range required by the final assay.Her broader advice for optimization is therefore application-driven: decide first what the analytical method actually needs to accomplish.More speed will almost always require sacrificing something—resolution, signal intensity, quantitative precision, or another performance parameter. The key is to identify which compromise the application can tolerate and then optimize the system around that requirement.<h4>Solving droplet carryover with a practical compromise</h4>Droplet-based workflows present their own engineering challenges, including carryover between neighboring samples.In Laura’s system, analytes showed little tendency to partition into the fluorinated oil separating aqueous droplets within the Teflon tubing. The more troublesome carryover occurred closer to electrospray ionization, where a small amount of sample could remain associated with the interface and appear when the next droplet arrived.Rather than adding excessive engineering complexity to an already elaborate platform, the researchers adopted a pragmatic solution: a sacrificial wash droplet between analytical samples.It is an example of a recurring theme throughout the project. The objective was not to construct the theoretically most sophisticated droplet system, but to create a screening workflow that remained sufficiently robust, reproducible, and practical for large numbers of samples.<h4>High-throughput analysis also requires high-throughput data processing</h4>Accelerating the mass spectrometry experiment created another bottleneck: the data.The instrument produced a continuous intensity-versus-time trace rather than a neatly organized well-plate dataset. With small experiments, Laura could manually identify individual droplets and process the results in spreadsheets. That approach quickly became unrealistic as sample numbers increased.The solution emerged through collaboration with an undergraduate mentee, Aiden, who helped develop a dedicated software tool for processing the continuous traces.Laura defined how the software should behave and how the analytical information should be organized, while Aiden developed the computational implementation. The workflow itself was subsequently adjusted to make automated data processing more reliable—for example, by introducing marker columns that allowed the software to recognize the end of each plate row.The resulting tool can accept the acquired traces together with information about plate dimensions and replicates and automatically return parameters including peak identity, duration, and the corresponding well position. A later version also generated an automatically populated heat map.The experience illustrates how improving analytical throughput often requires simultaneous development of instrumentation, experimental design, and informatics. Making the measurement faster is useful only if the resulting data can be processed at a comparable speed.<h4>Mentoring became part of the scientific process</h4>The software project also reflects another theme Laura emphasized throughout the interview: the value of mentoring.Several younger researchers contributed directly to the development of the final platform. Laura described mentees not simply as additional hands in the laboratory but as scientists capable of proposing their own hypotheses and experimental ideas.Working with undergraduate researchers also influenced the way she organized experiments.Because their available laboratory time was limited, each task needed to have a clear purpose. That encouraged a more disciplined approach to experimental planning: instead of performing experiments simply because they could be done, the team had to ask which experiment would most efficiently answer the next important question.In that sense, mentoring became another mechanism for improving the research itself.<h4>The next step: continuous, automated screening</h4>Despite the dramatic increase in analytical speed, the current workflow still includes manual operations such as loading tubing and connecting the sample stream to the mass spectrometer.The next engineering challenge is therefore automation.Laura described ongoing work using the Venturi effect to pull samples directly from wells into the droplet system. Building on previous work in the laboratory with 96-well plates, she has already tested this approach with as many as 2,000 samples.The long-term direction is clear: continuous and robust droplet generation, automated handling of thousands of samples, rapid ion mobility separation, mass spectrometric detection, and automated reconstruction of the resulting data into plate-based outputs.Combining those elements could move the system closer to the type of large-scale screening required for increasingly ambitious biocatalysis campaigns.<h4>Learning mass spectrometry one problem at a time</h4>Laura also reflected on the broader experience of developing the platform during her PhD.Ion mobility and mass spectrometry initially appeared intimidating, particularly because they combine concepts from analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, separations, instrumentation, and electrical engineering. What eventually changed was not simply learning more facts, but developing the ability to move repeatedly between theory and experiment.An unexpected result sends the researcher back to the underlying theory. A better understanding suggests a modified experiment. That experiment creates another observation, gradually building intuition about how the system behaves.Her advice to early-career scientists is therefore to accept that this process takes time.Advanced analytical techniques may initially appear overwhelming, but understanding develops incrementally through repeated interaction between theory, experimentation, failure, and refinement. Equally important, she emphasized the role of the supportive ion mobility–mass spectrometry community in making a technically demanding field more approachable for young researchers.From the first inconsistent droplets to a platform capable of processing thousands of samples, that iterative mindset ultimately shaped the entire project.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Droplet Cyclic Ion Mobility Mass Spec: Compressing Months of Enzyme Screening Into Just 14 Hours

ISC 2026 - Day 3

Article

Events

Video

Scientists

Interview

The International Symposium on Chromatography (ISC) represents the oldest conference series focussing on separation science. ISC symposia have been organised since 1956 in each even year. ISC is internationally recognised as one of the premier meeting series for discussion of all modes of chromatography and separation science with a broad coverage of techniques and applications.

International Symposium on Chromatography - (ISC)

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Sildenafil/Tadafil blend analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of sildenafil and tadalafil blends in pills, tablets, and capsules, confirming identity and determining the amount of both compounds.

The Sildenafil/Tadalafil Blend Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of sildenafil and tadalafil in combined oral dosage forms.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules containing both compounds, with individual results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule.<h4>About Sildenafil and Tadalafil</h4>Sildenafil and tadalafil are orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. Both compounds inhibit PDE5 and support the nitric oxide–cGMP signalling pathway involved in smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow.Although they belong to the same pharmacological class, sildenafil and tadalafil differ in their pharmacokinetic profiles and duration of action. This analysis is specifically designed for products containing both compounds in a single formulation.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of sildenafil and tadalafil</li><li>Suitable for combined pills, tablets, and capsules</li><li>Simultaneous analysis of both target compounds</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results reported individually for sildenafil and tadalafil</li><li>Results reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compounds: Tadalafil and Sildenafil</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation: 2 mg</li><li>Result format: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Minimum sample amount: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for products containing sildenafil and tadalafil. It does not automatically screen the sample for other PDE5 inhibitors, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>The minimum amount of each target compound required for evaluation is 2 mg. Samples containing lower amounts may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.cz/products/2525">GCMS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

GCMS/LCMS screening for contamination

GCMS/LCMS screening for identification of contaminants in samples, with the analytical method selected according to sample type.

The GCMS/LCMS Screening for Contamination is a standalone laboratory service designed to identify potential contaminants in a sample using either gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) or liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS).The appropriate analytical method depends on the sample type. GCMS is used primarily for volatile and semi-volatile compounds, while LCMS is suitable for peptide-related contamination.<h4>About the Screening</h4><ul><li>GCMS screening uses the NIST 2014 mass spectral library to identify a broad range of potentially harmful substances in the product. Detection is limited to volatile and semi-volatile compounds and this method is not suitable for peptide samples. &nbsp;</li><li>LCMS screening is intended for peptide products and can detect contamination with other peptides or degraded peptide. Detection is limited to peptides included in the laboratory’s available reference list.</li></ul>Both methods provide identification of detected contaminants only. Quantitative determination of a detected substance can be offered separately.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Standalone contamination screening by GCMS or LCMS</li><li>Analytical method selected according to sample type</li><li>GCMS screening for volatile and semi-volatile contaminants</li><li>GCMS identification using the NIST 2014 mass spectral library</li><li>LCMS screening for peptide contamination and degraded peptide</li><li>Identification of detected contaminants</li><li>Quantitative determination available separately after identification</li><li>Suitable for tablets, capsules, liquid solutions, raw materials, and vials depending on the selected method</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Testing method: GCMS or LCMS</li><li>Amount of sample required: 1 tablet/capsule, 1 ml solution, 200 mg raw material, or 1 vial</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>The analytical method is selected according to the type of sample and the expected contaminants.</li><li>GCMS detection is limited to volatile and semi-volatile compounds and cannot be used for peptide samples.</li><li>LCMS detection is limited to peptides included in the laboratory’s available reference list.</li><li>Both GCMS and LCMS screening provide identification only. Quantitative determination of a detected contaminant is not included in the standard analysis and can be offered separately.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Heavy Metals Screening (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)

Screening of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in samples using Shimadzu EDX fluorescence spectrometry.

The Heavy Metals Screening is a standalone laboratory test designed to detect the presence of selected heavy metals in a sample.The standard screening covers arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). Other metals may be tested upon request.<h4>About the Analyzed Metals</h4>Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury are toxic elements that may occur as contaminants in raw materials, finished products, supplements, pharmaceuticals, and other sample types.Their presence can be relevant for quality control and safety assessment, especially when contamination may arise from raw materials, manufacturing, handling, or storage.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Standalone screening for selected heavy metals</li><li>Target metals: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg)</li><li>Analysis using Shimadzu EDX fluorescence spectrometry</li><li>Suitable for tablets, capsules, liquid solutions, raw materials, and vials</li><li>Other metals can be tested upon request</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 1 tablet/capsule, 1 ml solution, 200 mg raw material, or 1 vial</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target metals: As, Cd, Pb, Hg</li><li>Testing method: Shimadzu EDX fluorescence spectrometer</li><li>Amount of sample required: 1 tablet/capsule, 1 ml solution, 200 mg raw material, or 1 vial</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>The standard screening covers arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury only.</li><li>If screening for other metals is required, this should be requested separately before analysis.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

CHNS Mass Report (Standalone Test)

CHNS elemental analysis determines C, H, N, and S content and provides an independent assessment of net peptide content.

The CHNS Mass Report is a standalone elemental analysis designed to determine carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) content in a sample. For peptide samples, CHNS analysis can be used as an independent approach to assess net peptide content.Unlike HPLC-based amount determination, CHNS analysis is based on combustion of the sample rather than dissolution. This can help avoid solubility-related limitations that may affect some chromatographic measurements.<h4>About CHNS Analysis</h4>CHNS elemental analysis determines the proportions of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur present in a sample. During analysis, the sample is combusted and the resulting elemental composition is measured.For peptides with a known elemental composition, these data can be used to evaluate the actual peptide content of the sample independently of chromatographic purity measurements.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Standalone CHNS elemental analysis</li><li>Determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur</li><li>Combustion-based analytical method</li><li>Independent assessment of net peptide content</li><li>Avoids sample-solubility limitations associated with some HPLC measurements</li><li>Suitable for tablets, capsules, liquid solutions, raw materials, and vials</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 1 tablet/capsule, 1 ml solution, 200 mg raw material, or 1 vial</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Testing method: CHNS elemental analysis</li><li>Amount of sample required: 1 tablet/capsule, 1 ml solution, 200 mg raw material, or 1 vial</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>CHNS analysis determines elemental composition and is fundamentally different from chromatographic purity analysis.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Sterility Testing (TAMC + TYMC)

TAMC + TYMC microbial testing for aerobic microorganisms, yeasts, and molds in unopened vials, ampoules, and liquid samples.

The Sterility Testing service is designed to assess microbial contamination in suitable samples using Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC) and Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) cultivation tests.The analysis is intended primarily for unopened peptide vials, ampoules, and other liquid samples where microbial contamination may affect product quality and safety.<h4>About TAMC and TYMC</h4>TAMC determines the total number of viable aerobic microorganisms present in a sample, while TYMC evaluates the presence of viable yeasts and molds.Together, these cultivation-based tests provide an assessment of the overall microbial burden of the sample. Results are reported as Pass or Fail according to the applied acceptance criteria.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Cultivation-based microbial testing</li><li>Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC)</li><li>Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC)</li><li>Suitable for unopened peptide vials, ampoules, and selected liquid samples</li><li>Recommended sample amount of two unopened peptide vials</li><li>Alternative sample formats include two 1 ml ampoules or one 10 ml vial</li><li>Results reported as Pass or Fail</li><li>Average turnaround time of 14 days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Testing method: Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC) and Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC)</li><li>Amount required for the test: Two unopened peptide vials recommended, two 1 ml ampoules, or one 10 ml vial (e.g. oil-based samples)</li><li>Result format: Pass or Fail</li><li>Average turnaround time: 14 days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>Unopened vials or ampoules are required to minimise the risk of contamination during shipping and handling.</li><li>Submitting less than the recommended sample amount is possible, but it may affect the reliability of the results.</li><li>This test is not recommended for oral products, as oral dosage forms are not generally required to be sterile for safe use.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) Analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders, confirming identity and determining content.

The 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of 2,4-dinitrophenol in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP)</h4>2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is a synthetic chemical compound that acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, disrupting normal cellular energy production and increasing heat generation.DNP has historically been investigated for several industrial and biological applications but is highly toxic and is not approved as a weight-loss drug. Exposure can cause serious and potentially life-threatening adverse effects.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: 2,4-Dinitrophenol</li><li>Other name: DNP</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 20 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 5%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of DNP required for evaluation is 20 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 5%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li><li>DNP is a highly toxic compound. Laboratory analysis should not be interpreted as confirmation that a product is safe for human consumption.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GCMS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium Analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders for identity and amount determination.

The 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by mass-by-mass purity in %. Please note that 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined.<h4>About 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium</h4>5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium, also known as 5A1MQ or 5-Amino-1MQ, is a small-molecule research compound investigated as an inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). It is not a peptide.NNMT is an enzyme involved in nicotinamide and cellular methylation metabolism. 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium has been studied primarily in preclinical research related to cellular metabolism and adipose tissue biology.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Alternative result format reported as purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium</li><li>Other names: 5A1MQ, 5-Amino-1MQ</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances unless an additional screening service is ordered.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Iodide/Chloride Analysis</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

AICAR analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of AICAR in finished lyophilised vials and raw API powders, confirming identity and determining the amount of the compound.

The AICAR Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of AICAR in finished lyophilised vials and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.For finished vials, results are reported in milligrams per vial. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). AICAR is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About AICAR</h4>AICAR is a small-molecule research compound widely used in studies of cellular energy metabolism and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling. After cellular uptake, AICAR riboside can be phosphorylated to ZMP, an AMP analogue that can activate AMPK.AICAR has been investigated extensively in preclinical research examining metabolic regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cellular responses to changes in energy availability. Its effects are not exclusively mediated through AMPK, and additional AMPK-independent mechanisms have also been described.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of AICAR</li><li>Suitable for finished lyophilised vials and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for finished vials reported in mg per vial</li><li>Alternative purity reporting in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of one whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 30 mg for raw API powder</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: AICAR</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for finished vial: mg per vial</li><li>Alternative result format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for finished vial: One whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powder: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent the sample from absorbing moisture</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>AICAR is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>For finished products, one whole unopened vial containing lyophilisate is required.</li><li>Raw API powder should be supplied as at least 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to minimise moisture absorption.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a> (TAMC and TYMC)</li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

BAC Water (Benzyl Alcohol) Analysis

HPLC analysis of benzyl alcohol in bacteriostatic water, including confirmation and concentration determination in mg/ml.

The BAC Water (Benzyl Alcohol) Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the presence and determine the concentration of benzyl alcohol in bacteriostatic water.The analysis is performed by HPLC, with results reported in milligrams of benzyl alcohol per millilitre of sample.<h4>About Benzyl Alcohol</h4>Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol commonly used as a preservative in pharmaceutical and laboratory formulations. In bacteriostatic water, it is added to help inhibit microbial growth after a vial has been opened.This analysis specifically determines the concentration of benzyl alcohol in the submitted liquid sample.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of benzyl alcohol</li><li>Designed for bacteriostatic water and similar liquid samples</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results reported in mg/ml</li><li>Minimum concentration for evaluation: 1 mg/ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount: 1 ml</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Benzyl Alcohol</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum concentration of target compound for evaluation: 1 mg/ml</li><li>Result format: mg/ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount: 1 ml</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for benzyl alcohol in liquid samples. It does not automatically screen the sample for other preservatives, active compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>Samples containing less than 1 mg/ml benzyl alcohol may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a> (TAMC and TYMC)</li></ul>

BAM-15 analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of BAM-15 in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The BAM-15 Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of BAM-15 in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). BAM-15 is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About BAM-15</h4>BAM-15 is a small-molecule research compound that acts as a mitochondrial uncoupler. It increases proton transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby uncoupling nutrient oxidation from ATP production and altering cellular energy metabolism.BAM-15 has been investigated mainly in preclinical research focused on mitochondrial function, energy expenditure, glucose and lipid metabolism, and related metabolic processes<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of BAM-15</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: BAM-15</li><li>Other name: BAM15</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Alternative result format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>BAM-15 is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for BAM-15. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances unless an additional screening service is ordered.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

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