A team from CEITEC Masaryk University (MUNI) in collaboration with researchers from two research institutes in Norway has, for the first time, captured how echovirus 18, a member of the enterovirus genus, releases its genetic material into cells to initiate infection. The study provides a structural view of an early stage of viral infection under near-native conditions. Using cryo-electron microscopy, the researchers discovered that the virus does not release its RNA through a small pore in its capsid, as had long been assumed. Instead, its protein shell partially disassembles, creating a large opening through which the viral genetic material escapes into the host cell. A detailed understanding of this genome release mechanism could eventually help develop compounds preventing enteroviruses from infecting cells.Enteroviruses are common human pathogens causing diseases ranging from the common cold and gastrointestinal infections to severe neurological disorders. Echovirus 18, the virus investigated in this study, is known primarily as a cause of meningitis and encephalitis in children. It belongs to the picornaviruses, a family of small, non-enveloped viruses whose genetic material is protected by a protein shell, the capsid, organized with icosahedral symmetry.To replicate within a cell, the enteroviruses must release their RNA – the molecule that carries viral genetic information – from the capsid, into the cell cytoplasm. Although this step is crucial for initiating infection, it has never been observed in infected cells.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_71d553bb0e.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Plevka Lab: CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection: View into a cell infected by echovirus 18. Echovirus 18 is shown in green and yellow, ribosomes in violet, and actin filaments in cyan. Scale 50 nm. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_71d553bb0e.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1128">“For a long time, two main theories existed about how picornaviruses deliver their RNA genomes into cells. One proposed that the genome leaves the capsid through a small opening. The other, supported by earlier work from our laboratory, suggested that the genome escapes from partially disassembled capsids missing pentamers of capsid proteins. However, both models were based on experiments with virus particles outside cells. We wanted to go one step further and see what really happens during infection inside a cell,” says <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/liya-mukhamedova-ph-d/u89248?page=publication">Liya Mukhamedova</a>, the study’s first author from CEITEC MUNI.Using cryo-electron microscopy, which allows scientists to visualize biological structures at exceptionally high resolution, the researchers observed individual echovirus 18 particles directly within infected cells. They discovered that empty virus particles in infected cells lack parts of their capsids. It is through these openings that the virus releases its RNA.The study also revealed the role of the FcRn receptor, a cell-surface molecule that enteroviruses use to enter cells. The binding of the virus to the receptor triggers structural changes in the viral particle that prime it for subsequent genome release. The team showed that receptor binding causes the loss of the so-called pocket factor, a small molecule that normally helps stabilize the virus particle. The virus otherwise remains largely intact, suggesting that receptor binding is only the first step toward uncoating, while additional factors within the cell are required to complete the process and trigger genome release.“Infection is a complex process, during which enterovirus particles sense various interactions with cell components. The binding of echovirus 18 to the FcRn host-cell receptor triggers conformational changes in the virus, priming it for genome release.” – explains <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/pavel-plevka-ph-d/u26854">Pavel Plevka</a>, head of the Structural Virology Research Group.The researchers did not observe the so-called activated particles that are key intermediates in the enterovirus uncoating process. This suggests that genome release in cells occurs much faster than previous experiments had suggested.By combining structural data obtained from studies of virus particles outside living cells with observations of infected cells, the study offers a picture of how enterovirus infection begins. Moving beyond simplified experiments with isolated virus particles, it brings scientists closer to understanding the earliest stages of enterovirus infection as they occur in living cells. The study, was published in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">PNAS journal</a>.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_2_3601bf1df9.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Plevka Lab: CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection: Reconstructions of E18 particles from infected cells. The particles are rainbow-colored based on the distance from the particle center. Scale 10 nm." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_2_3601bf1df9.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="906"><blockquote><h4>Article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">Particles of echovirus 18 open to release their genomes in vivo</a></h4>Liya Mukhamedova, David Buchta, Zuzana Trebichalská, Yevgen Levdansky, Jana Moravcová, David Potěšil, Zbyněk Zdráhal, Dominik Hřebík, Lucie Nepovímová, Torleif Tollefsrud Gjølberg, Jan Terje Andersen, Jiří Nováček, Tibor Füzik, and Pavel PlevkaProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2026, 123, e2601182123<div>&nbsp;</div><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123</a></div><h6>licenced under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Enteroviruses cause a broad spectrum of human diseases, ranging from mild respiratory or gastrointestinal infections to severe neurological disorders such as aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. Enterovirus cell entry involves receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by destabilizing rearrangements of the virus capsid that enable genome release. However, the mechanism of enterovirus genome release has not been visualized in infected cells. Here, we used cryoelectron tomography and microscopy to image echovirus 18 (E18) entry into host cells and its interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). 30 min postinfection, endosomes and cytoplasm contained empty capsids missing one or several pentamers of capsid proteins, providing evidence that in vivo E18 releases its genome through capsid opening. In vitro, FcRn binding induced the expulsion of pocket factors from hydrophobic pockets in VP1, priming the virus for uncoating. The cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction of genome-containing particles of E18 inside infected cells did not reveal pocket factors, indicating that receptor binding triggers the same priming process during infection. We did not detect activated particles in infected cells, suggesting that these intermediates are short-lived and rapidly release their genomes in vivo. Our results identify capsid opening as the in vivo mechanism of echovirus 18 genome release, providing structural evidence for a process previously only inferred from in vitro experiments.

CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection 

Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful analytical technique used to separate and analyze compounds in a mixture. Whether you're working in pharmaceuticals, environmental testing, or food safety, understanding the key components of a gas chromatograph is essential for accurate and efficient results.In this article, we will delve into the primary components of gas chromatography, including the injector, column, detector, and carrier gas—and explain how each plays a critical role in the separation and analysis process.By mastering these elements, you can optimize your GC setup for precise and reliable outcomes. Let's explore each component in detail:<h3>Sample Injector</h3>The injector is the starting point in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/gc">gas chromatography process</a>, where the sample is introduced into the system. In GC, the sample must be vaporized into a gas before it enters the column. The injector serves this purpose by heating the sample to its gaseous state. There are many types of injectors, Split/Splitless, PTV, on column.The most common injector is the Split/Splitless injector that can be used in split mode or in splitless mode:<ul><li>Split Injection: This mode allows a portion of the sample to be sent to the column while the remainder is vented. It is useful for high-concentration samples to prevent system overload.</li><li>Splitless Injection: In this mode, the entire sample is introduced into the column, making it ideal for trace analysis where even minute quantities need detection.</li></ul>Proper choice of injector type and proper control of injection conditions, such as temperature, sample size, injection mode are crucial for achieving reproducible and reliable results.<h3>Carrier Gas</h3>In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is represented by carrier gas, which transports the vaporized sample through the column. The carrier gas is an inert gas, such as helium, nitrogen, or hydrogen. The choice of carrier gas can influence the efficiency of the separation process.<ul><li>Helium is the most used carrier gas due to its inertness and high flow rate.</li><li>Hydrogen offers faster analysis times but requires careful handling due to its flammability.</li><li>Nitrogen provides a cheaper solution compared to Helium, although it's slower than helium or hydrogen.</li></ul>The flow rate and pressure of the carrier gas need to be carefully controlled to ensure that the sample moves smoothly through the system and adequate efficiency is generated.<h3>Column/Stationary Phase</h3>The column is the heart of the gas chromatograph, where the actual separation of compounds occurs. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/products?category=7&amp;manufacturerItems=50">GC columns</a> are typically long, thin tubes made from stainless steel or fused silica. They are coated with a stationary phase, which interacts with the components of the sample as they pass through.<ul><li>Packed Columns: These contain small particles of stationary phase material and generally have a larger volume. While they are less efficient than capillary columns, they can be suitable for specific applications.</li><li>Capillary Columns: These thin tubes are coated with a stationary phase, offering higher resolution and faster analysis times due to their smaller diameter.</li></ul>The length, diameter, and type of stationary phase of the column are important factors that affect the efficiency and selectivity of the separation. The choice of stationary phase (polar or non-polar; liquid-coated or solid) affects how different compounds interact with it.As the sample moves through the column, compounds separate based on volatility and their affinity for the stationary phase, resulting in distinct peaks in the chromatogram.<h3>Detector</h3>Once the sample has passed through the column, it reaches the detector, where individual components are identified and measured. There are several types of detectors, each suited to different applications:<ul><li>Flame Ionization Detector (FID): One of the most commonly used detectors in GC. It measures ions produced when organic compounds are burned in a hydrogen-air flame. FID is highly sensitive to a wide range of organic compounds and offers a broad linear dynamic range.</li><li>Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD): Detects changes in the thermal conductivity of the gas stream as analytes elute from the column. It is a universal, non-destructive detector, but is generally less sensitive than FID.</li><li>Electron capture detector (ECD): A very sensitive and selective detector used to detect chlorinated compounds it is easily contaminated and requires very pure and dry carrier and makeup gases and difficult maintenance.</li><li>Mass Spectrometer (MS): Provides structural information, aiding in both identification and quantification. Requires advanced and trained users and it’s difficult to maintain.</li></ul>The choice of detector depends on the type of analysis being performed and the sensitivity required. Each detector converts physical or chemical changes associated with the analytes into a measurable signal, producing a chromatogram that reflects concentration and retention time.<h3>Data System</h3>Although not a physical part of the chromatograph, the data system plays an integral role in processing and interpreting the signals generated by the detector. Modern gas chromatographs are equipped with software that converts detector signals into chromatograms—visual representations of the separation process. The software allows users to quantify and identify the components of the sample based on retention times and peak areas.<h3>How to Read a Gas Chromatogram?</h3>Interpreting a gas chromatogram involves understanding its essential elements, such as peaks, retention times, and the overall data for qualitative and quantitative analysis.<h4>The Nature of the Sample</h4>Begin by considering the sample's characteristics; different samples, such as environmental pollutants or food components, may exhibit distinct peak patterns. Recognizing the baseline (the flat line representing the signal without analytes) is crucial for identifying peaks accurately. While well-defined peaks indicate successful separation of components, poorly shaped or broad peaks may suggest issues with the separation process. For instance, if a mixture is injected and three peaks are observed, it indicates the presence of three different compounds in the sample. Conversely, when evaluating the purity of a sample, one would anticipate observing a single peak. Ideally, the chromatogram should reflect this expectation, confirming the sample's purity.<h4>The Identity of the Sample</h4>Retention time (Rt) is a critical factor in identifying the compounds present in the sample. Each analyte has a characteristic retention time that can be compared to known standards or literature. To confirm identities, a standard mixture should run alongside the sample; this allows to correlate retention times with specific compounds. If available, utilizing MS in conjunction with gas chromatography (GC-MS) can provide additional structural information, enhancing identification accuracy. With HR-MS or MS-MS detectors, unknown compounds can be identified by matching perfectly the Molecular weight or by matching the fragmentation pattern.<h4>The Amount of Sample</h4>Quantifying analytes involves analyzing peak area or height, which is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the sample. A calibration curve constructed from known concentrations can help relate peak areas to actual concentrations. It is essential to consider the detector’s sensitivity and the limits of detection, as peaks below a certain threshold may not provide reliable quantification.

Basic Principles of Gas Chromatography - Separation and Analysis

ISC 2026 - Day 2

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Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

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Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

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The International Symposium on Chromatography (ISC) represents the oldest conference series focussing on separation science. ISC symposia have been organised since 1956 in each even year. ISC is internationally recognised as one of the premier meeting series for discussion of all modes of chromatography and separation science with a broad coverage of techniques and applications.

International Symposium on Chromatography - (ISC)

KNAUER AZURA® Compact Prep HPLC System

The AZURA® Prep Compact system is the perfect start into preparative chromatography. With the complete, semi-preparative HPLC system you master your isocratic purification tasks.

AZURA® Preparative HPLC Customized purificationAZURA® preparative systems are the perfect solution for frequently changing separation tasks – from milligram to kilogram scale. Design your AZURA preparative system to your needs and combine flexibility and reliability.<h5>Customaze your system</h5>AZURA® Prep systems are tailor-made for you. Configure your system from injection to detection and choose between different materials, flow rates, valves, and detectors.<h5>Easy scale up from compact to pilot systems</h5>Due to the flexible design of our devices, you can easily change parts like pump heads or flow cells and integrate all components of the compact into the pilot-scale system.<h5>Stacked injections, peak &amp; solvent recycling</h5>AZURA® Prep systems can be used for special separation modes like peak recycling and stacked injections. We help you to configure your system and choose the best software for you.<h3>Flexibility and performance</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg" alt="KNAUER AZURA® Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1059"><h2>AZURA® Compact Prep HPLC System</h2>The AZURA® Prep Compact system is the perfect start into preparative chromatography. With the complete, semi-preparative HPLC system you master your isocratic purification tasks.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Compact_Prep_HPLC_System_3_863a93178e.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Compact Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Compact_Prep_HPLC_System_3_863a93178e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1590" height="604"><h4>Compact Prep System</h4>One manual injection can purify several hundred milligrams at up to 50 ml/min. Detection takes place via a versatile UV/VIS detector. The intuitive preparative software PurityChrom controls the compact system and regulates the fraction collection via a 12-port fractionating valve. Thanks to its compact design, the AZURA Prep Compact system finds its place in every laboratory.<img style="aspect-ratio:1024/742;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Compact_Prep_HPLC_System_48291f6f6e.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Compact Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Compact_Prep_HPLC_System_48291f6f6e.webp 215w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="742"><ul><li>Up to 150 bar</li><li>Complete semi-preparative isocratic HPLC system with low space requirements</li><li>Up to 10 ml injection volumes &nbsp;</li><li>Injection valve incl. 500 μl sample loop&nbsp;</li><li>Collect up to 16 large fractions</li><li>Columns from 4–20 mm ID</li><li>UV/VIS detector with one variable wavelength</li><li>Intuitive PurityChrom®, MobileControl® software</li><li>Compact and expandable</li></ul><h3>Easy upgrade without big investment</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Compact_Prep_HPLC_System_4_efed81c462.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Compact Prep HPLC System: Easy upgrade without big investment." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Compact_Prep_HPLC_System_4_efed81c462.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="761"><h4>Pilot Prep System</h4><div><div data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="efe48b67-eccf-4ebf-8484-ea6d1f96ed57" dir="auto" data-message-model-slug="gpt-4o"><div><div>After starting preparative chromatography with the space-saving prep system, the requirements for your purification tasks can quickly increase. The existing Compact System (50 ml/min) can be expanded to a Pilot System (220 ml/min) by investing in a fraction collector and a preparative pump. All components of the Compact System are fully integrated into the Pilot System.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Compact_Prep_HPLC_System_2_d713ad0086.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Compact Prep HPLC System: Easy upgrade without big investment." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Compact_Prep_HPLC_System_2_d713ad0086.jpg 178w," sizes="100vw" width="1606" height="1407"><ul><li>Pilot Ternary gradient HPLC system with injection valve incl. 500 μl sample loop&nbsp;</li><li>Sample pump with automatic sample selection&nbsp;</li><li>UV/VIS detector&nbsp;with one variable wavelength</li><li>Intuitive PurityChrom® software</li><li>Fraction collector</li></ul></div></div></div></div>

KNAUER AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System

The Lab Prep LC system is designed for your more demanding semi-preparative separations. You can customize a highly flexible LC system with the freely combinable components.

AZURA® Preparative HPLC Customized purificationAZURA® preparative systems are the perfect solution for frequently changing separation tasks – from milligram to kilogram scale. Design your AZURA preparative system to your needs and combine flexibility and reliability.<h5>Customaze your system</h5>AZURA® Prep systems are tailor-made for you. Configure your system from injection to detection and choose between different materials, flow rates, valves, and detectors.<h5>Easy scale up from compact to pilot systems</h5>Due to the flexible design of our devices, you can easily change parts like pump heads or flow cells and integrate all components of the compact into the pilot-scale system.<h5>Stacked injections, peak &amp; solvent recycling</h5>AZURA® Prep systems can be used for special separation modes like peak recycling and stacked injections. We help you to configure your system and choose the best software for you.<h3>Flexibility and performance</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg" alt="KNAUER AZURA® Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1059"><h2>AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System</h2>The Lab Prep LC system is designed for your more demanding semi-preparative separations. You can customize a highly flexible LC system with the freely combinable components. With a maximum flow rate of 50 ml/min, it is possible to separate up to several hundred milligrams per run.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_2_1e66bf8898.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System ." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_2_1e66bf8898.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1588" height="615"><ul><li data-start="93" data-end="156">Lab Prep HPLC system with binary high-pressure gradient</li><li data-start="157" data-end="193">Up to 200 bar operating pressure</li><li data-start="194" data-end="263">Injection volumes up to 10 ml via sample pump or manual injection</li><li data-start="264" data-end="329">Injection system: Injection valve with 500 μl sample loop</li><li data-start="330" data-end="400">Detection system: UV/VIS detector with one variable wavelength</li><li data-start="401" data-end="453">Supports UVD (VWD, MWD, DAD), RID, FLD, ELSD, MS</li><li data-start="454" data-end="513">Column selection: Compatible with 4–20 mm column ID</li><li data-start="514" data-end="571">Fraction collection: Automated fraction collector</li><li data-start="572" data-end="804">Software:<ul data-start="592" data-end="804"><li data-start="592" data-end="655">Intuitive PurityChrom® for direct control and visualization</li><li data-start="658" data-end="724">Enhanced preparative LC software with functional visualization</li><li data-start="727" data-end="804">GMP (21 CFR part 11) compliant software and certificates for wetted parts</li></ul></li><li data-start="805" data-end="873">User-friendly operation: Safe and easy-to-use system control</li></ul><h3>Method transfer from analysis of chamazulen to preparative scale</h3>Chamomile plants are known for their medical properties, having among others anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and sedative effects. These are due to the various phenolic compounds, one of them being matricine, which is converted during the distillation process to chamazulene. The characteristic blue color of chamomile essential oils, known as “chamomile blue,” is due to chamazulene. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The present application tested preparative HPLC to purify chamazulene from commercially available “chamomile blue” oil.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1920/1920;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_afb37010e0.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_afb37010e0.webp 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1920"></figure><h3>Results</h3><h5>Fractionation/Purification</h5>The separation of chamazulene was optimized on an analytical scale, and the two-step gradient method was transferred to a preparative scale. Chamazulene purification was performed on a C18 250×20 mm column at 25 ml/min. Fractionation of chamazulene was conducted using the threshold function of PurityChrom software.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:936/701;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_3_4403900c2b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System: Fig. 1: Chromatogram of preparative separation of chamazulene blue, collected fraction highlighted in red, 1 ml sample injection" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_3_4403900c2b.jpg 209w," sizes="100vw" width="936" height="701"></figure>The collected fraction was analyzed by analytical HPLC and revealed nearly 100% purity. Chromatogram overlay of the fraction, chamazulene standard, and the sample clearly showed the successful purification of chamazulene (Fig. 2).<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:881/457;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_4_4964fc9d9a.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System: Fig. 2: Chromatogram overlay" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_4_4964fc9d9a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="881" height="457"></figure>Furthermore, the comparison of the fraction spectra and chamazulene spectra (Fig. 3) confirmed that the purified fraction was chamazulene.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:963/484;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_5_117b12a2eb.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System: Fig. 3: Spectral view of fraction (-) and of chamazulen standard (-)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_5_117b12a2eb.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="963" height="484"></figure>

KNAUER AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System

Choose the Pilot Prep LC system if you want to increase your productivity even more. As for the AZURA Lab Prep LC system you can freely build up your system. Flow rates up to 1 000 ml/min and loads up to several grams are possible.

AZURA® Preparative HPLC Customized purificationAZURA® preparative systems are the perfect solution for frequently changing separation tasks – from milligram to kilogram scale. Design your AZURA preparative system to your needs and combine flexibility and reliability.<h5>Customaze your system</h5>AZURA® Prep systems are tailor-made for you. Configure your system from injection to detection and choose between different materials, flow rates, valves, and detectors.<h5>Easy scale up from compact to pilot systems</h5>Due to the flexible design of our devices, you can easily change parts like pump heads or flow cells and integrate all components of the compact into the pilot-scale system.<h5>Stacked injections, peak &amp; solvent recycling</h5>AZURA® Prep systems can be used for special separation modes like peak recycling and stacked injections. We help you to configure your system and choose the best software for you.<h3>Flexibility and performance</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg" alt="KNAUER AZURA® Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1059"><h2>AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System</h2>Choose the Pilot Prep LC system if you want to increase your productivity even more. As for the AZURA Lab Prep LC system you can freely build up your system. Flow rates up to 1 000 ml/min and loads up to several grams are possible. Optional peak and solvent recycling can be set up to increase separation power and reduce separation costs significantly<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_5_f41d299a7c.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_5_f41d299a7c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1492" height="597"><ul><li data-start="1517" data-end="1580">Pilot Prep HPLC system with binary high-pressure gradient</li><li data-start="1581" data-end="1630">Binary or ternary HPG/LPG, isocratic flow modes</li><li data-start="1631" data-end="1661">Flow rates up to 1000 ml/min</li><li data-start="1662" data-end="1695">20-150 mm recommended column ID</li><li data-start="1696" data-end="1799">Injection system: Sample pump with injection valve for automated handling of large sample volumes</li><li data-start="1800" data-end="1931">Detection system: Supports UVD (VWD, MWD, DAD), RID, FLD, ELSD, MS with split-free UV detection and various flow cell designs</li><li data-start="1932" data-end="2040">Fraction collection: 12-port fractionation valve for automated collection of small and large fractions</li><li data-start="2041" data-end="2080">Stacked injection for high-throughput</li><li data-start="2081" data-end="2156">Software: Intuitive PurityChrom® for direct control and visualization</li><li data-start="2157" data-end="2259">Regulatory compliance: GMP (21 CFR part 11) compliant software and certificates for wetted parts</li><li data-start="2260" data-end="2381">Efficiency features: Solvent recycling to reduce costs and environmental impact, peak-recycling for high resolution</li><li data-start="2382" data-end="2486">High-throughput applications: Liquid handler enables purification of peptides and oligonucleotides</li></ul><h3>Improved purity by combining online SPE with preparative LC</h3>Steviol glycosides are the main sweetening compounds in Stevia rebaudiana and are often used as natural sugar substitutes. To enable commercial usage, the plant extracts need to be purified. In this work, preparative online SPE (solid phase extraction) with the AZURA Pilot Prep LC was investigated for improving overall purity by reducing matrix contamination.The steviol glycoside rebaudioside A is the main compound of interest as it is the sweetest and least bitter compound of the extract. Often, Stevia products contain a mixture of rebaudioside A and stevioside. Developing a purification method with a high yield of rebaudioside A, minimal stevioside impurities, and high throughput increases the economic output of Stevia production.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_87addb89e7.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_87addb89e7.jpg 159w," sizes="100vw" width="1689" height="1656"><h3>Results</h3>Fig. 1 shows the batch LC without online SPE. The matrix peak (1-5 min) negatively affects the separation abilities.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_2_625c29b0f1.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System : Overload experiments on preparative column, 200 μL (red), 500 μL (blue), 2000μL (green); 1) rebaudioside A, 2) stevioside, blue bars – matrix, 25°C, 22 ml/min." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_2_625c29b0f1.jpg 243w," sizes="100vw" width="893" height="573">In comparison, Fig. 2 shows that the automated SPE process significantly decreased the matrix. The fraction analysis revealed that only a small part of the overlapping peak contained nearly pure rebaudioside A; fractions 3-5, approximately 15 mL, had &gt;90% rebaudioside A and &lt;10% stevioside (Fig. 3B).&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_3_3aa3c283b2.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System: Preparative online SPE, 10 mL loading; 1) rebaudioside A, 2) stevioside, blue bars – matrix, 25°C, 22 mL/min." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_3_3aa3c283b2.jpg 243w," sizes="100vw" width="867" height="557">The later fractions contained high amounts of stevioside but also still rebaudioside A (Fig. 3C). The results showed that purification of highly pure rebaudioside A is possible with an additional online SPE.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_4_e0816cbf59.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System: Fraction analysis of preparative online-SPE purification (Fig.2) of rebaudioside A (1) and stevioside (2); a) F3 (blue), F4 (red), F5 (green), F6 (light blue); b) F7 (red dashed), F10 (blue dashed), F12 (green sashed), F15 (light blue dashed); c) frac- tionation of target peak, 5 mL fractions." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_4_e0816cbf59.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="916" height="550">

KNAUER AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System

The AZURA Compact AC system qualifies for fast and reliable affinity chromatography. 

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System</h3><h4>For affinity chromatography</h4>The AZURA Compact AC system qualifies for fast and reliable affinity chromatography. Select your sample, washing, and elution buffer using the selection valve. Your proteins of interest are detected by UV and automatically collected via the fractionation valve.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_4_bef2309e7d.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_4_bef2309e7d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1666" height="513"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li data-start="93" data-end="153">Flow rate: 0.01–50 ml/min (recommended: 1–40 ml/min)</li><li data-start="154" data-end="193">Maximum system pressure: 50 bar</li><li data-start="194" data-end="278">Sample and buffer selection: Automatic valve for up to 12 buffers or samples</li><li data-start="279" data-end="349">Detection: Variable single wavelength UV detector (190–500 nm)</li><li data-start="350" data-end="429">Column compatibility: Compatible with affinity columns from all vendors</li><li data-start="430" data-end="574">Fraction collection: 16-port fractionation valve, capable of collecting up to 16 fractions for flow-through, wash, and elution fractions</li><li data-start="575" data-end="663">Software: Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software, 21 CFR Part 11 compliant</li><li data-start="664" data-end="737">Affinity purification: Designed for tagged proteins or antibodies</li><li data-start="738" data-end="867">Compact system: User-friendly and cost-efficient, with the ability to upgrade for more complex protein purification tasks</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_5_17f4f13731.jpg" alt="KNAUER AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System: Protein purification based on high affinity Chromatogram &amp; Legend." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_5_17f4f13731.jpg 209w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="766">&nbsp;

KNAUER AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System

AZURA Compact SEC systems handle time-consuming SEC methods in your lab without occupying your valuable FPLC system.

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System</h3><h4>For Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)</h4>AZURA Compact SEC systems take over time-consuming SEC methods in your lab without blocking your valuable FPLC system. Due to its compact design and intuitive FPLC software PurityChrom®, the system offers outstanding performance and ease of use.&nbsp;Pre-designed methods are included in the software for the designated SEC system and can be easily adapted by changing the column volume. AZURA Compact SEC supports all columns available on the market.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_4_f5efb08061.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_4_f5efb08061.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1358" height="540"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li data-start="93" data-end="157">Flow rate: 0.001–10 ml/min (recommended: 0.1–8.0 ml/min)</li><li data-start="158" data-end="197">Maximum system pressure: 50 bar</li><li data-start="198" data-end="276">Injection system: Injection valve for sample injection via sample loop</li><li data-start="277" data-end="347">Detection: Variable single wavelength UV detector (190–500 nm)</li><li data-start="348" data-end="423">Fraction collection: Fraction collector for automated fractionation</li><li data-start="424" data-end="522">Column compatibility: Supports columns from all vendors, including third-party SEC columns</li><li data-start="523" data-end="611">Software: Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software, 21 CFR Part 11 compliant</li><li data-start="612" data-end="780">System design:<ul data-start="637" data-end="780"><li data-start="637" data-end="666">Isocratic buffer delivery</li><li data-start="669" data-end="687">Loop injection</li><li data-start="690" data-end="734">Wide range of collection racks available</li><li data-start="737" data-end="780">Specially designed for SEC applications</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_3_7a4bc1f60b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_3_7a4bc1f60b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1152">Don't use your valuable gradient FPLC system for boring and time-consuming size exclusion separations. Choose your dedicated AZURA SEC system.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:690/490;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_45d5079064.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_45d5079064.webp 220w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="490"></figure>With its compact design and intuitive software, the system offers excellent performance, ease of use and supports all SEC columns available on the market.​

KNAUER AZURA® Bio Lab FPLC System

AZURA Bio Lab allows you to create FPLC systems with highest independence. Just pick your modules and build-up the system yourself. The intuitive software PurityChrom will be flexibly adjusted to your system.

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Lab FPLC System</h3><h4>R&amp;D-scale gradient system for complex purifications of bio molecules</h4>AZURA Bio Lab allows you to create FPLC systems with highest independence. Just pick your modules and build-up the system yourself. The intuitive software PurityChrom will be flexibly adjusted to your system.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_3_7b22a3e099.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_3_7b22a3e099.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1645" height="671"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li data-start="93" data-end="145">Flow rate: 0.001–50 ml/min (maximum 240 bar)</li><li data-start="146" data-end="224">Injection system: Sample injections via sample loop and/or sample pump</li><li data-start="225" data-end="295">Detection: Variable single wavelength UV detector (190–500 nm)</li><li data-start="296" data-end="386">Fraction collection: XY fraction collector for large volumes or numerous fractions</li><li data-start="387" data-end="493">Column compatibility: Supports up to 7 columns for method development – all FPLC columns supported</li><li data-start="494" data-end="584">Suitable for Ion-exchange, HILIC, affinity, SEC, and RP</li><li data-start="585" data-end="640">Reproducible and automated protein purification</li><li data-start="641" data-end="695">System usability: Suitable for cold room usage</li><li data-start="696" data-end="820">Software:<ul data-start="716" data-end="820"><li data-start="716" data-end="780">Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software (basic license)</li><li data-start="783" data-end="820">21 CFR Part 11 compliant software</li></ul></li><li data-start="821" data-end="924">Additional features:<ul data-start="852" data-end="924"><li data-start="852" data-end="924">Conductivity and pH-monitoring, pressure, and air sensors (optional)</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_4740938659.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_4740938659.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1279">From simple to advanced, from lab to process scale – configure your FPLC with our modular design according to your purification needs.Designed and optimized for all FPLC applications such as affinity, ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography. All system modules can be expanded with additional modules.

KNAUER AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System

Gradient-capable FPLC system for a wide range of purifications including automated two-step applications

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System</h3><h4>Gradient-capable FPLC system for a wide range of purifications including automated two-step applications</h4>Protein purification involves most of the times two to three steps:<ol><li>capture step</li><li>optional intermediated step</li><li>polishing step</li></ol>The transition from one to another step generally involves manual interaction and thus is time-consuming. Automation by combining these steps increases the efficiency and optimizes the workflow.&nbsp;The quick and automated linkage of multiple chromatographic purification steps into one method eliminates manual sample handling and minimizes time spent between steps. This automation strategy can be easily adapted to each purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_3_7b22a3e099.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_3_7b22a3e099.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1645" height="671"><h3>Key features</h3><ul data-start="93" data-end="1077"><li data-start="93" data-end="144">Flow rate: 0.001–50 ml/min (maximum 50 bar)</li><li data-start="145" data-end="263">Injection system: Sample injection via loop or sample pump, with automated storage and reinjection of proteins</li><li data-start="264" data-end="433">Detection system:<ul data-start="292" data-end="433"><li data-start="292" data-end="320">Multichannel UV detector</li><li data-start="323" data-end="405">Highly sensitive multi-wavelength detector for proteins, DNA/RNA, and peptides</li><li data-start="408" data-end="433">Conductivity detector</li></ul></li><li data-start="434" data-end="566">Fraction collection: XY fraction collector with outlet valve for automated collection of large volumes or numerous fractions</li><li data-start="567" data-end="673">Column compatibility: Supports up to 7 columns for method development – all FPLC columns supported</li><li data-start="674" data-end="764">Suitable for Ion-exchange, HILIC, affinity, SEC, and RP</li><li data-start="765" data-end="864">Automation: Enables challenging protein purification tasks with minimal manual intervention</li><li data-start="865" data-end="973">Software:<ul data-start="885" data-end="973"><li data-start="885" data-end="933">Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software</li><li data-start="936" data-end="973">21 CFR Part 11 compliant software</li></ul></li><li data-start="974" data-end="1077">Additional features:<ul data-start="1005" data-end="1077"><li data-start="1005" data-end="1077">Conductivity and pH-monitoring, pressure, and air sensors (optional)</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_3_9cf517ceaf.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_3_9cf517ceaf.webp 234w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="460"><h3>Two-step purification: Special multi-column chromatography solutions</h3>Designed and optimized for all FPLC applications such as affinity, ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography. In addition, you can perform dedicated twoSTEP applications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_44bff80cfc.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_44bff80cfc.webp 209w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1434"><h3>Automated two-step purification of mouse IgG antibodies</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_4_c86d2177ce.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System: The affinity chromatography step was automatically combined with a gel filtration step to exchange the buffer of the purified mouse IgG antibodies; Phase 1: Column equilibration, Phase 2: Sample injection and washing, Phase 3: Elution of IgG from protein A column, Phase 4: Desalting of IgG." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_4_c86d2177ce.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1085" height="605">

KNAUER AZURA® Bio Lab Pilot FPLC System

Configure your FPLC system based on your purification requirements. The Pilot system is designed for scale-up and process applications. All system modules can be expanded with additional modules.

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Lab Pilot FPLC System</h3><h4>High Flow Bio Purification FPLC System – up to 1000 ml/min</h4>Configure your FPLC system based on your purification requirements. The Pilot system is designed for scale-up and process applications. All system modules can be expanded with additional modules.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Pilot_FPLC_System_e208baf41d.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Pilot FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Pilot_FPLC_System_e208baf41d.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="1000"><h3>Key features</h3><ul data-start="93" data-end="1069"><li data-start="93" data-end="129">Flow rate: 0.001–1000 ml/min</li><li data-start="130" data-end="192">Injection system: Sample pump for large sample volumes</li><li data-start="193" data-end="351">Detection system:<ul data-start="221" data-end="351"><li data-start="221" data-end="276">Variable single wavelength UV detector (190–500 nm)</li><li data-start="279" data-end="351">Conductivity and pH-monitoring, pressure, and air sensors (optional)</li></ul></li><li data-start="352" data-end="465">Fraction collection: XY fraction collector for reliable collection of large volumes or numerous fractions</li><li data-start="466" data-end="559">Suitable for SEC, AC, IEX, and HIC, with upscaling capabilities</li><li data-start="560" data-end="651">Automation: High-flow buffer delivery and mixing for large-scale purification tasks</li><li data-start="652" data-end="739">System design: Same footprint as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1625">AZURA Lab FPLC systems</a> for compact scalability</li><li data-start="740" data-end="871">Software:<ul data-start="760" data-end="871"><li data-start="760" data-end="831">Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software in basic configuration</li><li data-start="834" data-end="871">21 CFR Part 11 compliant software</li></ul></li><li data-start="872" data-end="1069">Scalability:<ul data-start="895" data-end="1069"><li data-start="895" data-end="965">Configure your FPLC system based on your purification requirements</li><li data-start="968" data-end="1069">Scale-up is possible with the same flexibility and software while maintaining a minimal footprint</li></ul></li></ul>

Products focused on PrepLC distributed by KNAUER - page 1

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