<p><strong>Taťána Gazárková is currently a&nbsp;postdoctoral fellow in the Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance and Microbial Metabolomics. During her doctoral studies, she focused on chromatography and mass spectrometry. Recently, she was awarded second place in the “Sanofi Prize for Pharmacy 2026” competition.</strong></p><p><strong>Taťána Gazárková </strong>is currently a&nbsp;postdoctoral fellow in the <strong>Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance and Microbial Metabolomics</strong>. During her doctoral studies, she focused on chromatography and mass spectrometry. Recently, she was awarded second place in the <strong>“Sanofi Prize for Pharmacy 2026” </strong>competition, which is awarded by the<strong> French Embassy in the Czech Republic</strong> for her dissertation – Steroid Analysis Using Modern Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometry Techniques: From Fundamental Studies to Targeted Bioanalytical Applications (supervisor: <strong>Lucie Nováková, Charles University</strong>).&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>What makes this field particularly exciting or unique in your view?</strong></h5><p>What I&nbsp;enjoy about analytical chemistry is that, to a&nbsp;certain extent, it is a&nbsp;kind of detective work. You are often looking for ways to “make the invisible visible”. In other words, extract the information you are interested in from a&nbsp;complex sample and then interpret it correctly. What also appeals to me about bioanalytical chemistry is its interdisciplinary nature. It brings together analytical chemistry, biochemistry, biology and medicine, which means that you need to be able not only to translate a&nbsp;biological or clinical question into a&nbsp;measurable analytical experiment, but also to place the resulting data back into a&nbsp;broader biological context. This combination of different perspectives is probably what I&nbsp;enjoy most about the field. At the same time, there is still plenty of room for fundamental research, ranging from studying analytical techniques themselves and improving them to developing new methodological approaches.</p><h5><strong>How did you end up at the </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://mbu.cas.cz/en/research/laboratory-of-antibiotic-resistance-and-microbial-metabolomics"><strong>Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance and Microbial Metabolomics</strong></a><strong>, and what project are you currently working on?</strong></h5><p>I came to the Institute of Microbiology through a&nbsp;joint project between<strong> Dr Zdeněk Kameník and Assoc. Prof. Jan Bobek from the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University</strong>. For me, it was also an opportunity to move from targeted analysis and the study of chromatographic techniques towards untargeted metabolomics and new biological questions.</p><p>In the project, we are trying to identify new biologically active compounds that would be effective, particularly against pathogenic fungi. As a&nbsp;potential source of such compounds, we study streptomycetes, bacteria known for their ability to produce a&nbsp;wide range of biologically active compounds, including many antibiotics that are currently in clinical use. We focus on less-explored host-associated streptomycetes, in which we had already observed antifungal activity in previous experiments. We are especially interested in strains active against Candida albicans whose activity cannot be explained by the presence of a&nbsp;known bioactive compound. These strains may represent an interesting source of novel compounds. We then integrate the results of untargeted metabolomic analyses with genomic analyses, which allows us to obtain a&nbsp;more comprehensive view of the biosynthetic potential of selected strains.</p><h5><strong>You also took part in this year’s Vědafest, a&nbsp;science outreach event for the public. What was it like?</strong></h5><p>I already had some experience with science outreach through events such as Researchers’ Night and the Science Fair at my previous institution, but this year’s Vědafest was still new to me in some ways. This time, I&nbsp;was presenting a&nbsp;field that I&nbsp;myself had entered only relatively recently. It was therefore more challenging to find the right analogies and explain the essence of the topic in a&nbsp;way that was simple, yet precise and scientifically accurate. At the same time, that was exactly what made it inspiring. It forces you to look at your own work from a&nbsp;different perspective. What I&nbsp;enjoyed most was the spontaneity and curiosity of the children, who often came up with questions that would never even occur to an adult.</p><h5><strong>What are the biggest challenges you face on your scientific journey, and what helps you overcome them?</strong></h5><p>One of the greatest, but at the same time most interesting, challenges is, in my view, the uncertainty that is inseparably linked to research. For a&nbsp;long time, you often do not know whether you have taken the right direction in addressing a&nbsp;particular question or whether you will ultimately manage to find that figurative final piece of the puzzle. At the same time, this uncertainty is precisely what makes science exciting for me.</p><p>Another major challenge, particularly in interdisciplinary projects, is communication. It is important from the very formulation of a&nbsp;hypothesis and the planning of experiments through to the interpretation of results, including negative ones, and placing them in a&nbsp;broader context. To some extent, every field has its own language, and finding a&nbsp;common understanding is not always straightforward. Personally, I&nbsp;find it very helpful to be able to discuss problems with colleagues on an ongoing basis, whether individually or during regular laboratory seminars. One of the major strengths of our current group is its interdisciplinary nature, which allows me to look at the same problem from several different perspectives. It is also important for me not to lose my curiosity, because that is ultimately what leads us to ask further questions.</p><h5><strong>What are your plans after completing your PhD?</strong></h5><p>After finishing my PhD, I&nbsp;decided that I&nbsp;do not need to have everything that comes next precisely mapped out straight away. I&nbsp;would like to keep different options open for a&nbsp;while and continue building on my experience in analytical chemistry, while at the same time connecting it with other areas that have a&nbsp;biological or medical relevance. I&nbsp;believe that we can keep learning throughout our lives, so I&nbsp;am quite curious to see where the next stage of my journey will take me.</p><p><i>Thank you for the interview!</i></p>

Interview: What Drew Postdoc Taťána Gazárková to Analytical Chemistry

<p><strong>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have earned the moniker "forever chemicals" due to their extreme persistence in the environment. Their detection is crucial for protecting public health and the environment as these synthetic compounds continue to pose significant challenges worldwide. This comprehensive exploration examines why PFAS detection matters, current detection methods, and future directions in addressing PFAS contamination.</strong></p><h3><strong>Understanding PFAS and Their Health Impacts</strong></h3><p>PFAS are a class of synthetic organic compounds with diverse structures, properties, and uses. Despite their diversity, all PFAS contain perfluoroalkyl moieties that are extremely resistant to environmental and metabolic degradation [1]. This high persistence is a defining characteristic that makes PFAS management particularly challenging.</p><h3><strong>Documented Health Effects</strong></h3><p>Current scientific research has linked PFAS exposure to numerous adverse health outcomes:</p><ul><li>Reproductive effects including decreased fertility and increased high blood pressure in pregnant women [8]</li><li>Developmental effects in children such as low birth weight, accelerated puberty, and behavioral changes [8]</li><li>Reduced immune system function, including decreased vaccine response</li><li>Interference with natural hormones and endocrine disruption</li><li>Increased cholesterol levels and obesity risk</li><li>Increased risk of several cancers, including prostate, kidney, testicular, oral cavity/pharynx, brain, and endocrine cancers [3]</li></ul><p>A 2023 study linked PFAS-contaminated water with up to a <strong>33% increase in cancer incidence</strong> in affected areas [3]. The study compared regions with elevated PFAS levels to cancer data from the National Cancer Institute, finding higher incidences of various cancers after controlling for factors like smoking and obesity.</p><h3><strong>Environmental Persistence and Contamination</strong></h3><p>The extreme persistence of PFAS represents a fundamental concern for environmental management. PFAS are considered the most environmentally persistent substances among organic chemicals [7]. This persistence means that even if all PFAS uses were immediately phased out, existing contamination would continue to affect ecosystems and water supplies for generations.</p><p>A 2023 study at a military fire training site estimated that PFAS contamination will persist for centuries without remediation [7]. The research found that terminal PFAS still exceed regulatory limits by 2000-fold decades after aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) use ceased, with precursors accounting for around half of the extractable organofluorine across years.</p><h3><strong>Current Detection Methods</strong></h3><h4><strong>EPA Standardized Methods</strong></h4><p>The<strong> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA</strong>) has developed several standardized methods for PFAS detection, each with specific applications and capabilities:</p><h5><strong>EPA Method 533</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/epa-533-drying-down-pfas-samples-after-spe"><strong>EPA Method 533</strong></a> focuses on "short chain" PFAS with carbon chain lengths of<strong> C4 to C12</strong>. Released in December 2019, this method complements Method 537.1 and includes several key features:</p><ul><li>Uses isotope dilution quantification approach with extracted internal standards, which reduces overall analytical uncertainty</li><li>Employs weak anion exchange solid phase extraction cartridges as opposed to polystyrene divinylbenzene used in 537.1</li><li>Can analyze 25 PFAS compounds, including additional short-chain PFAS that were not apart of Method 537.1</li><li>Allows for longer holding times: 28 days to extraction and 28 days to analyze (compared to 14 days to extraction in Method 537.1)</li><li>Uses ammonium acetate as a preservative (versus Trisma in Method 537.1) [1]</li></ul><h5><strong>EPA Method 537/537.1</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/sample-concentration-epa-method-537-pfas-determination"><strong>EPA Method 537 </strong></a>was first published in 2009 for the determination of 14 PFAS in drinking water [6]. It was later updated to Method 537.1 in 2018 (with editorial updates in 2020) to expand its capabilities:</p><ul><li>Uses<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/what-is-solid-phase-extraction-spe"><strong> solid phase extraction (SPE) </strong></a>and<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/preparing-samples-for-lc-ms/ms-analysis"><strong> liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)</strong></a></li><li>Method 537.1 expanded detection to 18 PFAS compounds, including HFPO-DA (one component of GenX technology)</li><li>Utilizes styrene-divinylbenzene (SDVB) media for extraction</li><li>Requires samples to be extracted within 14 days and analyzed within 28 days</li><li>Methanol is used to elute the extracts. This should then be reconstituted with a 96:4 methanol:water mixture [1]</li></ul><p>Together, Methods 533 and 537.1 can detect a total of <strong>29 unique PFAS compounds in drinking water </strong>and are approved for monitoring under the fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) and the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation [1] [3].</p><h5><strong>EPA Method 1633</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/preparing-diverse-sample-matrices-for-epa-method-1633"><strong>EPA Method 1633</strong></a>, released in 2024, represents a significant advancement in PFAS analysis:</p><ul><li>Developed for the analysis of <strong>40 PFAS compounds </strong>in various matrices, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, biosolids, sediment, landfill leachate, and fish tissue</li><li>Expands beyond the drinking water focus of Methods 533 and 537.1</li><li>Provides a standardized approach that may replace modified drinking water methods (i.e., modified EPA 537) that were previously used for non-drinking water matrices [1]</li></ul><h4><strong>Conventional Analytical Techniques</strong></h4><p>The gold standard for PFAS analysis involves chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry:</p><ul><li>Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the most widely used method for PFAS analysis, offering high sensitivity and specificity [1]</li><li>High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) allows for rapid detection and identification of PFAS species at very low concentrations [5]</li></ul><p>These techniques can detect PFAS at parts per trillion (ppt) levels, which is essential given the low concentrations at which PFAS can cause health effects [1]. However, these methods require sophisticated equipment, specialized training, and significant financial resources, making them inaccessible in many regions, particularly in developing countries.</p><h4><strong>Emerging Detection Technologies</strong></h4><p>Several innovative approaches are being developed to address the limitations of conventional methods:</p><ul><li>Electrochemical biosensors using modified electrodes have shown promise for selective PFAS detection with low detection limits [2]</li><li>Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) uses metallic nanoparticles and can be made into a portable method for on-site testing [1]</li><li>Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) offer thermal and physical stability, reusability, and low-cost synthesis for PFAS detection [6]</li></ul><p>These emerging technologies aim to provide more accessible, field-deployable, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional laboratory-based methods.</p><h3><strong>Challenges in PFAS Detection</strong></h3><h4><strong>Analytical Challenges</strong></h4><p>Detecting PFAS presents several technical challenges:</p><ul><li>The ubiquity of PFAS in laboratory equipment and accessories can lead to background contamination when measuring at parts-per-trillion levels [1]</li><li>Many components in liquid chromatographs, mass spectrometers, and solid-phase extraction systems contain materials that can leach PFAS compounds [9]</li><li>The vast number of PFAS (thousands of compounds) makes comprehensive detection difficult, as analytical standards are only available for a small subset [1]</li><li>Complex matrices like food and environmental samples require sophisticated sample preparation techniques</li></ul><h4><strong>Global Disparities in Detection Capabilities</strong></h4><p>Access to PFAS detection technology varies significantly worldwide:</p><ul><li>Many developing regions, particularly in Africa, lack adequately equipped laboratories with the necessary instrumentation to detect and measure PFAS</li><li>There is often a scarcity of qualified professionals with experience in PFAS analysis in these regions</li><li>The high cost of acquiring and maintaining sophisticated analytical instruments presents a substantial obstacle to conducting extensive PFAS investigations in resource-limited settings [1]</li><li>Competing priorities such as infectious diseases, poverty, and food security often divert attention and resources from environmental pollutants like PFAS</li></ul><h4><strong>Regulatory Landscape and Compliance</strong></h4><p>The regulatory framework for PFAS is evolving rapidly worldwide:</p><ul><li>The EPA finalized Section 8(a)(7) of the Toxic Substances Control Act in September 2024, requiring manufacturers and importers to report on their use of PFAS since 2011 [10]</li><li>Electronic reporting for PFAS will open on July 11, 2025, with final reporting deadlines in 2026</li><li>Companies must report detailed information including chemical identity, production volumes, industrial and consumer products, worker exposure, and disposal methods [10]</li></ul><p>These regulations are driving demand for more effective and accessible PFAS detection methods to ensure compliance and protect public health.</p><h3><strong>Future Directions in PFAS Detection</strong></h3><h4><strong>Technological Advancements</strong></h4><p>The future of PFAS detection lies in developing more accessible, sensitive, and comprehensive methods:</p><ul><li>Non-targeted screening methods that can identify unknown PFAS compounds without requiring analytical standards for each specific compound</li><li>Total fluorine analysis techniques like Adsorbable Organic Fluorine and Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay that can quantify the presence of fluorine atoms within a sample [1]</li><li>Portable sensors and field-deployable technologies that enable on-site monitoring and rapid response to contamination events</li><li>AI-driven solutions that can improve data analysis and interpretation for complex PFAS mixtures</li></ul><h4><strong>Collaborative Approaches</strong></h4><p>Addressing the global challenge of PFAS detection requires coordinated efforts:</p><ul><li>International partnerships between researchers in developed and developing regions to enhance expertise and capacity building</li><li>Standardization of analytical methods to ensure consistency and comparability of results across different laboratories and regions</li><li>Open data sharing and collaboration across countries to leverage collective knowledge and resources</li><li>Integration of PFAS monitoring into broader environmental and public health surveillance systems</li></ul><h3><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3><p>The detection of PFAS is not merely a technical challenge but a critical public health and environmental imperative [1]. As these "forever chemicals" continue to persist in our environment, developing effective, accessible, and comprehensive detection methods becomes increasingly important. By advancing detection technologies, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and fostering global collaboration, we can better understand, monitor, and ultimately mitigate the impacts of PFAS contamination.</p><p>The EPA's standardized methods (533, 537.1, and 1633) provide crucial tools for monitoring PFAS in various environmental matrices, but continued innovation is needed to address the full spectrum of PFAS compounds and to make detection more accessible globally [1] [6]. The path forward requires sustained investment in research and development, capacity building in resource-limited settings, and a commitment to environmental justice that ensures all communities have access to the tools and information needed to protect themselves from PFAS exposure. Only through such comprehensive approaches can we hope to address the complex challenges posed by these persistent pollutants.</p><p><span>Be sure to check out our other installments of our&nbsp;</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/introducing-our-environmental-contaminants-series-making-sense-of-the-alphabet-soup"><span>Environmental Contaminant Series</span></a><span>&nbsp;covering&nbsp;</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-persistent-organic-pollutants-pops"><span>Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)</span></a><span>,&nbsp;</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-pahs"><span>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)</span></a><span>,&nbsp;</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-semi-volatile-organic-compounds-svocs"><span>Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs)</span></a><span>, and </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pcbs"><span>Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)</span></a><span>.</span></p>

The Importance of Detecting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 31st August 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you brochures by <strong>Agilent Technologies </strong>and<strong> Waters Corporation </strong>and application notes by <strong>Shimadzu </strong>and<strong> Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Agilent OpenLab ICP-MS Software</strong></h3><p><strong>Simplify every step of ICP-MS analysis</strong></p><p><strong>For Agilent </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7800"><strong>7800</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7850"><strong>7850</strong></a><strong>, and </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7900"><strong>7900</strong></a><strong> ICP-MS systems, and Agilent </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8900"><strong>8900</strong></a><strong> and </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=9500"><strong>9500 ICP-QQQ</strong></a><strong> systems.</strong></p><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/br_openlab_icp_ms_software_5994_9288en_agilent_05f01dcdef.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a><strong>&nbsp;</strong></li></ul><p>The brochure introduces <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=OpenLab+ICP-MS+Software"><strong>Agilent OpenLab ICP-MS Software</strong></a>, designed to simplify routine operation and data handling for <strong>Agilent 7800, 7850, and 7900 ICP-MS systems</strong> and the <strong>8900</strong> and <strong>9500</strong> <strong>ICP-QQQ systems</strong>. The software supports the complete analytical workflow—from checking instrument readiness and creating batches to acquisition, data review, reporting, and compliance. A central dashboard provides an overview of system status, maintenance requirements, instrument health, and utilization, while Smart EMF and post-run performance checks help users identify when maintenance may be required. Guided Diagnostics, Meter Monitor, and time-stamped system records also support troubleshooting by tracking parameters such as vacuum levels, gas flows, and temperatures.</p><p>Method and batch setup are designed to reduce manual configuration. Batches can be created from preset methods, templates, existing batches, Method Wizard, or Method Advisor, and legacy Agilent ICP-MS MassHunter batches can be opened directly in OpenLab ICP-MS. For the <strong>9500 ICP-QQQ</strong>, Method Advisor provides an element-focused approach in which users select target elements and calibration information while the software applies recommended acquisition masses and cell-gas conditions. Preset methods are available for applications including <strong>EPA 200.8/EPA 6020, USP &lt;232&gt;, ICH Q3D, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia requirements</strong>, while an IntelliQuant Screening preset supports semiquantitative screening of unknown samples. Routine instrument tasks can also be automated through autotuning, startup checks, batch queues, end-of-run verification, rinse functions, and automatic shutdown.</p><p>For data evaluation, OpenLab ICP-MS provides a real-time workspace where users can review analyte concentrations, internal-standard recoveries, stability plots, spectra or chromatograms, calibration information, QC charts, and IntelliQuant results in a single view. <strong>IntelliQuant</strong> acquires a complete mass spectrum and displays semiquantitative elemental concentrations using a color-coded periodic table, while <strong>IntelliQuant Star Rating</strong> assigns a zero-to-five-star data-quality score based on factors such as potential interferences, calibration quality, background, detection limits, and precision. Reporting options include whole-batch reports, elemental impurity reports for USP &lt;232&gt;/&lt;233&gt; and ICH Q3D, customizable reports, structured CSV export, and direct data transfer to LIMS.</p><p>The software can be expanded for specialized applications, including <strong>LC-ICP-MS and GC-ICP-MS</strong>, advanced QC workflows, single-particle ICP-MS and FFF-ICP-MS, ADS 2 automation, semiconductor analysis, and peripheral-device control. Supported analytical approaches include external calibration, standard additions, semiquantitative calibration, isotope ratios, and isotope dilution. For regulated laboratories, OpenLab ICP-MS can be combined with scalable OpenLab compliance solutions providing electronic signatures, user access control, configurable roles, system activity logs, and audit trails, supporting workflows subject to <strong>21 CFR Part 11, EU Annex 11, and equivalent regulations</strong>. Overall, the platform is positioned as a unified environment for routine and advanced ICP-MS workflows, combining instrument control, method setup, diagnostics, data-quality assessment, reporting, and compliance support.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Identification of Virgin PET and Recycled PET by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/an_01_01204_en_f3f20ff020.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>User benefits</strong></h5><ul><li>EDX enables the identification of recycled PET.&nbsp;</li><li>Measurements are quick and simple, require no cumbersome pretreatment, and can be automated using a multi-sample turret.&nbsp;</li><li>The instrument offers excellent cost-performance and supports the detection of a wide range of elements.</li></ul><p>Establishing a sustainable circular economy is a major societal challenge, and recycling plastic materials such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plays a particularly important role in reducing environmental impact. Large numbers of PET bottles and molded products are used every day in the food and beverage sectors. To recycle these materials safely and reliably, technologies are required that can accurately identify their origin. In practice, however, appearance and conventional physical properties alone are insufficient to distinguish virgin material from recycled material, creating a need for a more reliable identification method.&nbsp;</p><p>For rapid identification in industrial settings, a method requiring little or no pretreatment is highly desirable. In some cases, nondestructive analysis is also needed to enable subsequent application of other analytical techniques. This article presents a practical approach in which metal catalysts present in PET are detected by EDX (Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) and used to distinguish material-recycled PET from virgin PET.</p><h4><strong>Principle and Overview&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Metal catalysts such as antimony (Sb) and germanium (Ge) are used in the synthesis of PET resin. These catalyst metals have been reported to be useful indicators of material origin. 1),2) For example, Sb and Ge are frequently detected together in material-recycled PET, whereas only one catalyst metal is detected in chemically recycled PET and virgin PET. This likely reflects the fact that material-recycled PET is derived from a mixture of feedstocks using different catalysts.&nbsp;</p><p>ICP-AES (ICP optical emission spectrometry) and ICP-MS (ICP mass spectrometry), which are commonly applied to catalyst metal analysis, provide high sensitivity and accuracy. However, they require pretreatment to convert the sample into a solution, thereby lengthening the analytical workflow. By contrast, EDX can measure solid samples directly, making it well-suited to applications requiring rapid results, such as incoming material inspection and in-line analysis in molding plants. Because EDX is non-destructive, it is also suitable for multimodal analytical workflows.&nbsp;</p><p>On the other hand, some commercially available handheld EDX instruments do not support elements such as Sb and Ge. At the same time, higher-end systems may not offer the specifications or price range needed for industrial deployment. The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=EDX-7200"><strong>EDX-7200</strong></a> supports a broad range of elements with excellent cost performance. This article describes the analysis of Sb and Ge in PET using this instrument.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>EDX enables rapid and straightforward elemental analysis without cumbersome sample pretreatment. Previous studies have shown that the presence of Sb and Ge can be used to identify recycled PET. Building on this concept, this article presents a practical analytical approach based on EDX. Using the EDX-7200, which combines broad elemental coverage with excellent cost performance, the proposed method provides a practical tool for rapid on-site identification, quality control, and traceability management. When combined with physical property data and other information, this approach is expected to contribute to the safety assessment and quality assurance of recycled materials, thereby supporting a more advanced circular economy.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Optimizing lithium-ion battery recycling operations using handheld XRF analysis</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/lithium_ion_battery_recycling_handheld_xrf_analysis_an1120_en_4c00477b78.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The shift to a low-carbon economy and the adoption of electric vehicles will drive an exponential increase in the demand for lithium-ion batteries. As a corollary to this, the International Energy Agency expects the demand for some key commodities to increase significantly over the next two decades: the demand for Copper (Cu) is anticipated to increase by more than 40%; for nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co), by 60-70% each; and for lithium (Li), by nearly 90%.¹ This will translate into increased mining activities and potentially generate larger amounts of deleterious waste.&nbsp;</p><p>To reduce the environmental impact and limit reliance on scarce commodities associated with economical and geopolitical implications, several countries have implemented regulations regarding producers’ responsibilities.² These regulations contain both incentives and accountability guidelines for lithium-ion battery and electric vehicles manufacturers. Their goal is to facilitate the emergence of a circular economy in which recycling will increasingly contribute to the supply of the strategic raw materials.&nbsp;</p><p>Lithium-ion batteries are made of multiple components, the most valuable being the cathode that contains between 40 and 70% ³, ⁴ of the total value of the battery, depending on its exact chemistry. As of 2023, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxides (NCM) account for 66% of lithium-ion battery cathode active materials for electric vehicles, followed by lithium iron phosphates (LFP) which account for 24%, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) accounts for the remaining 10%.³</p><h4><strong>Handheld X-ray Fluorescence Analysis&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis (HHXRF) is an elemental analysis technique that has proven to be cost-effective in recycling areas such as scrap metal and automotive catalytic converters. HHXRF can measure elements from magnesium (Mg) to uranium (U) in various types of materials such as metals and alloys; non-metallic inorganic materials such as ceramics; or ores or plastics. The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1993"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Niton™ XL2</strong></a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1992"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Niton™ XL5 Plus Handheld XRF Analyzers </strong></a>deliver accurate elemental analysis in real time, with little or no sample preparation, across multiple steps of the lithium-ion battery recycling workflow. Although handheld XRF does not detect lithium, it can measure most elements from the periodic table including nickel or cobalt which often command much higher value than the lithium in a lithium-ion battery.⁴</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>There is no ideal process to recycle lithium-ion batteries that simultaneously incorporates low environmental impact, high metal recovery yield, and economic viability. Because of the variety of technologies and materials used, recycling lithium-ion batteries is a complex journey with multiple possible paths. HHXRF helps recyclers by generating lab-quality data in real time, allowing them to optimize their processes and make fast decisions that generate significant benefits:&nbsp;</p><ul><li>Unwanted materials containing heavy metals such as lead or cadmium can be prevented from entering subsequent steps in the recycling workflow.&nbsp;</li><li>Materials can be accurately sorted and adequate processes for recovery selected depending on the material type (e.g., LFP vs. MCM).&nbsp;</li><li>The economic value of incoming and outgoing material can be more accurately estimated.</li></ul><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Waters Aura Systems</strong></h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/720009268_7b9ad02cb4.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The presentation introduces the <strong>Waters Aura Systems</strong>, a family of high-throughput, fluidics-free instruments for the characterization and identification of visible and subvisible particles. All Aura platforms provide particle counting, identification, morphology assessment, and flexible sample volumes ranging from microliters to milliliters. The portfolio includes configurations tailored to different applications: <strong>AuraBMI</strong> for biologics particle analysis, <strong>Aura</strong> for particle analysis with identification, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/2437"><strong>AuraPTx</strong></a> for protein formulation development, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/2438"><strong>AuraGT</strong></a> for gene therapy, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/2439"><strong>AuraCL</strong></a> for cell therapy, and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/2190"><strong>Aura+</strong></a> as the most comprehensive platform. The systems are designed for automation-ready operation, straightforward method transfer, and continuity from research through QC.</p><p>A key feature of the Aura platform is the combination of <strong>Backgrounded Membrane Imaging (BMI), Fluorescence Membrane Microscopy (FMM), and Side Illumination Membrane Imaging (SIMI)</strong>. BMI captures particles on a membrane and subtracts the membrane background to improve particle contrast, while FMM uses fluorescent dyes or conjugated antibodies to distinguish specific particle types. This enables differentiation of protein aggregates, cells, viral capsids, degraded excipients, plastics, fibers, and other contaminants that may look similar based on morphology alone. SIMI adds further information for identifying unlabeled inorganic particles such as glass, fibers, and Dynabeads. Together, these techniques provide more specific particle identification than morphology-based classification alone.</p><p>The systems are particularly suited to <strong>biologics, gene therapy, and cell therapy development</strong>. For gene therapy, Aura can evaluate AAV stability, distinguish capsid-related particles, and monitor DNA leakage using SYBR Gold fluorescence, with measurements possible from as little as <strong>5 µL of sample</strong>. For cell therapy, the system can differentiate single cells, cell aggregates, protein aggregates, and extrinsic particles. The platform also supports flexible sample volumes and 24- or 96-well membrane formats, allowing the same general approach to be used from sample-limited early development through larger-volume and QC workflows. The brochure reports excellent quantitative linearity across serial dilutions and emphasizes the ability to preserve sample for additional orthogonal analyses.</p><p>From a technical perspective, Aura Systems provide <strong>100% sampling efficiency</strong>, a particle detection and quantitation range above <strong>1 µm</strong>, and can handle concentrations above <strong>3,000,000 particles/mL</strong> for 1.6 µm particles. Brightfield membrane imaging takes approximately <strong>one minute per sample</strong>, while fluorescence measurements require about <strong>15–30 seconds per sample</strong>. The instruments are compatible with robotic automation and offer different fluorescence-channel configurations depending on the selected Aura model. Overall, the platform is positioned as a comprehensive solution for obtaining quantitative particle counts together with information on particle identity and composition across the development and quality-control lifecycle.</p>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 36, 2026

Article

Application

Scientists

Environment

Water

Interview

The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established by Act No. 283/1992 Coll. as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. It is set up as a complex of 54 public research institutions.

Czech Academy of Sciences

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

LabRulez

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

ECOM COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM (50 ml/min, ECS58)

A highly effective Compact preparative system containing UV-VIS DAD detector, analytical gradient pump with degasser, automatic inject valve and fraction collector.

<p>A highly effective Compact preparative system containing&nbsp;<strong>UV-VIS DAD detector, analytical gradient pump with degasser, automatic inject valve and fraction collector</strong>. The detector allows absorbance measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectrum.</p><p>The system is <strong>controlled by a built-in PC and touchscreen</strong>.</p><p>A modular solution <strong>allows configuring the unit according to customer needs</strong>. This system contains a detector with a wavelength range of 200 –&nbsp; 800 nm, a pump with a flow rate up to 10 ml/min and a fraction collector.</p><h3><strong>Main parts</strong></h3><h5><strong>TOY18DAD800L DETECTOR</strong></h5><p>It is a UV-VIS diode array detector, which allows measuring the absorbance of&nbsp;<strong>four wavelengths in a range of 200–800 nm simultaneously in one cell&nbsp;just as scanning of whole spectra. Standardly is assembled with preparative cell PLCC07L, but other cells are available</strong>.</p><h5><strong>ECF2096 FRACTION COLLECTOR</strong></h5><p>Fractions are collected according to chosen method, which is simply created using a touch screen. Racks for 8, 21,40 ml tubes, 60 ml vials or 12 funnels, 30 mm.</p><h5><strong>AUTOMATIC INJECT VALVE</strong></h5><p>The valve is driven by a step motor and it is automatically switched by software. The system also allows manual sample injection by opening the column.</p><h5><strong>SYSTEM PC INFO</strong></h5><p>Installed industrial PC with Intel Atom 4 core processor. OS Linux, Touch screen 12,1“ 1024 x 786, SW QUEEN controls: gradient, flow rate, wavelengths, fractions collection etc. Remote administration is available. Possibility of measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectra. Furthermore, the possibility of <strong>displaying 3D data</strong>.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>ECP2050 PREPARATIVE GRADIENT PUMP</strong></h5><p>Modified for the compact system,&nbsp;<strong>quaternary gradient pumps</strong>&nbsp;with flow rate up to&nbsp;<strong>50 ml/min</strong>&nbsp;(30 MPa, 4351 PSI).&nbsp;Unit software includes a new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression and many testing and diagnostic functions.</p><h3><strong>COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3><ul><li><strong>Interface:</strong> 3xUSB, 2xLAN, RS232</li><li><strong>Power supply:</strong> 100 - 240 V AC</li><li><strong>Power input: </strong>400 W</li><li><strong>Dimensions (W x H x D):</strong> 500 x 678 x 482 mm (19.69 x 26.69 x 18.98")</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 55 kg (121.30 lb)</li></ul><h5><strong>Detector</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Wavelength range: </strong>200 - 800 nm &nbsp; (256 elements on CCD)</li><li><strong>Number of channels (Signals):</strong> 4</li><li><strong>Scan: </strong>200 - 800 nm,up to &nbsp;20 Hz, step 1 nm</li><li><strong>Typical spectral half-width:</strong> 10 mn</li><li><strong>Accuracy of adjustment / Reproducibility:</strong> ± 1 nm / ±0.5 nm</li><li><strong>Noise level at test cell (254 nm, TC 0.75s): </strong>± 5 x 10<sup>-5</sup> AU</li><li><strong>Drift at test cell (254 nm after 1 h):</strong> 1 x 10<sup>-3</sup> AU/hr</li><li><strong>Materials in contact with mobile phase: </strong>FEP; fused silica, stainless steel, PEEK</li><li><strong>Time constant (T63):</strong> 0.5 s, 0.75 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, 4.0 s, 8.0 s, 16.0 s, 0.2 s, 0.1 s</li></ul><h5><strong>Fraction collector</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Available racks (two racks per unit)</strong><ul><li>EC08 48 tubes of 8 ml</li><li>EC21 36 tubes of 21 ml</li><li>EC40 24 tubes of 40 ml</li><li>EC60 20 vials of 60 ml</li><li>F12A 12 funnels, 30 mm</li></ul></li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate for tubes 8 ml: </strong>max. 50 ml/min</li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate for tubes 21, 40 ml:</strong> max. 300 ml/min</li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate for vials 60 ml: </strong>max. 300 ml/min</li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate for funnels: </strong>max. 500 ml/min</li><li><strong>Wetted materials: </strong>FEP, Tefzel®, PPS, KEL-F, PTFE, PEEK, SS 316, SIMAX glass</li><li><strong>Input tubing:</strong> OD 1/8“ x ID 1/16“ FEP</li></ul><h5><strong>Pump</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Flow rate:</strong> 0.1 – 50 ml/min</li><li><strong>Maximum operating pressure:</strong> 30 MPa (4351 PSI)</li><li><strong>Flow rate setting: </strong>0.1 ml/min steps</li><li><strong>Repeatability of flow rate adjusting:</strong> ± 0.5 %</li><li><strong>Accuracy of flow rate setting: </strong>± 2 %</li><li><strong>Wetted materials: stainless steel, PEEK, TefzelTM, PE, ceramic, seals *</strong></li><li><strong>Output capillary outer diameter: 1/8”</strong></li><li><strong>Input tubing outer diameter: </strong>1/8”</li><li><strong>Gradient valves control module - OPTIONALLY:</strong> Up to six valves</li></ul>

ECOM COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM (250 ml/min, ECS28)

A highly effective Compact preparative system containing UV-VIS DAD detector, preparative gradient pump, an automatic inject valve, and a fraction collector. 

<p>A highly effective Compact semi-preparative system containing&nbsp;<strong>UV-VIS DAD detector, preparative gradient pump, an automatic inject valve, and a fraction collector</strong>. The detector allows absorbance measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectrum.</p><p>The system is <strong>controlled by a built-in PC and touchscreen</strong>.</p><p>A modular solution <strong>allows configuring the unit according to customer needs</strong>. This system contains a detector with a wavelength range of 200 –&nbsp; 800 nm, a pump with a flow rate up to 10 ml/min and a fraction collector.</p><h3><strong>Main parts</strong></h3><h5><strong>TOY18DAD800L DETECTOR</strong></h5><p>It is a UV-VIS diode array detector, which allows measuring the absorbance of&nbsp;<strong>four wavelengths in a range of 200–800 nm simultaneously in one cell&nbsp;just as scanning of whole spectra. Standardly is assembled with preparative cell PLCC07L, but other cells are available</strong>.</p><h5><strong>ECF2096 FRACTION COLLECTOR</strong></h5><p>Fractions are collected according to chosen method, which is simply created using a touch screen. Racks for 8, 21,40 ml tubes, 60 ml vials or 12 funnels, 30 mm.</p><h5><strong>AUTOMATIC INJECT VALVE</strong></h5><p>The valve is driven by a step motor and it is automatically switched by software. The system also allows manual sample injection by opening the column.</p><h5><strong>SYSTEM PC INFO</strong></h5><p>Installed industrial PC with Intel Atom 4 core processor. OS Linux, Touch screen 12,1“ 1024 x 786, SW QUEEN controls: gradient, flow rate, wavelengths, fractions collection etc. Remote administration is available. Possibility of measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectra. Furthermore, the possibility of <strong>displaying 3D data</strong>.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>ECP2200 PREPARATIVE GRADIENT PUMP</strong></h5><p>Modified for the compact system,&nbsp;<strong>quaternary gradient pumps</strong>&nbsp;with flow rate up to&nbsp;<strong>250 ml/min</strong>&nbsp;(30 MPa at 100 ml/min and then linearly down up to 15 MPa at 250 ml/min).&nbsp;Unit software includes a new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression and many testing and diagnostic functions.</p><h3><strong>COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3><ul><li><strong>Interface:</strong> 3xUSB, 2xLAN, RS232</li><li><strong>Power supply:</strong> 100 - 240 V AC</li><li><strong>Power input: </strong>400 W</li><li><strong>Dimensions (W x H x D):</strong> 500 x 678 x 482 mm (19.69 x 26.69 x 18.98")</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 55 kg (121.30 lb)</li></ul><h5><strong>Detector</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Wavelength range: </strong>200 - 800 nm (256 elements on CCD)</li><li><strong>Number of channels (Signals):</strong> 4</li><li><strong>Scan: </strong>200 - 800 nm,up to &nbsp;20 Hz, step 1 nm</li><li><strong>Typical spectral half-width:</strong> 10 mn</li><li><strong>Accuracy of adjustment / Reproducibility:</strong> ± 1 nm / ±0.5 nm</li><li><strong>Noise level at test cell (254 nm, TC 0.75s): </strong>± 5 x 10<sup>-5</sup> AU</li><li><strong>Drift at test cell (254 nm after 1 h):</strong> 1 x 10<sup>-3</sup> AU/hr</li><li><strong>Materials in contact with mobile phase: </strong>FEP; fused silica, stainless steel, PEEK</li><li><strong>Time constant (T63):</strong> 0.5 s, 0.75 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, 4.0 s, 8.0 s, 16.0 s, 0.2 s, 0.1 s</li></ul><h5><strong>Fraction collector</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Available racks (two racks per unit)</strong><ul><li>EC08 48 tubes of 8 ml</li><li>EC21 36 tubes of 21 ml</li><li>EC40 24 tubes of 40 ml</li><li>EC60 20 vials of 60 ml</li><li>F12A 12 funnels, 30 mm</li></ul></li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate for tubes 8 ml: </strong>max. 50 ml/min</li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate for tubes 21, 40 ml:</strong> max. 300 ml/min</li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate for vials 60 ml: </strong>max. 300 ml/min</li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate for funnels: </strong>max. 500 ml/min</li><li><strong>Wetted materials: </strong>FEP, Tefzel®, PPS, KEL-F, PTFE, PEEK, SS 316, SIMAX glass</li><li><strong>Input tubing:</strong> OD 1/8“ x ID 1/16“ FEP</li></ul><h5><strong>Pump</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Flow rate:</strong> 0.5 – 250 ml/min</li><li><strong>Maximum operating pressure:</strong> 30 MPa (4351 PSI) up to 100 ml/min then &nbsp;linearly down up to</li><li><strong>Flow rate setting: </strong>0.1 ml/min steps</li><li><strong>Repeatability of flow rate adjusting:</strong> ± 1 %</li><li><strong>Accuracy of flow rate setting: </strong>± 2 %</li><li><strong>Wetted materials: stainless steel, PEEK, TefzelTM, PE, ceramic, seals *</strong></li><li><strong>Output capillary outer diameter: 1/8”</strong></li><li><strong>Input tubing outer diameter: </strong>1/8”</li><li><strong>Gradient valves control module - OPTIONALLY:</strong> Up to six valves</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA HPLC 862 bar system

With the 862 bar system, you choose the most widespread system solution of the KNAUER AZURA family. We recommend this system for all classical applications and column types, as well as for faster and optimized methods with shorter columns and run times.

<p><strong>With the 862 bar system, you choose the most widespread system solution of the KNAUER AZURA family. We recommend this system for all classical applications and column types, as well as for faster and optimized methods with shorter columns and run times.</strong></p><h3><strong>Key features</strong></h3><div><div><ul><li>The complete solution for your daily HPLC routine. Easily upgradable to an ultra low dispersion chromatography&nbsp;(ULDC) system</li><li>Covers most analytical applications due&nbsp;to optimal continuous working conditions in the range of&nbsp;0.1–4.0&nbsp;ml/min at up to 862 bar&nbsp;</li><li>Use classical HPLC columns just as well as fast analysis columns packed with 3 µm particles or even core shell materials</li><li>Typical applications include food, pharmaceutical and environmental analyses</li></ul></div></div><div><div><p><strong>Choose this system for reliable and robust analyses!</strong></p><p>If you are looking for higher speed, high sample throughput or highest peak resolution, take a look at the<strong> KNAUER AZURA UHPLC systems</strong>.</p><h3><strong>Specifications</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Back pressure range:&nbsp;</strong>862 bar max. at up to 2 ml/min, 400 bar at up to 10 ml/min</li><li><strong>Flow rate range: </strong>0.001–10 ml/min</li><li><strong>Recommended continuous flow rate: </strong>Up to 5 ml/min</li><li><strong>Available pump systems: </strong>Isocratic/Binary HPG/Quaternary LPG</li><li><strong>Biocompatibility: </strong>Optionally available for backpressure range up to 400 bar</li><li><strong>Injection options: </strong>Autosampler, Liquid handler, manual, automatted via electrical injection valve</li><li><strong>Injection volume range: </strong>0.1 µl–5000 µl depending on sample loop</li><li><strong>Sample capacity: </strong>108 standard HPLC vials (1.5 ml) or up to 768 positions when equipped with microtiter plates, with liquid handler up to 390 HPLC vials</li><li><strong>Column thermostatting range:</strong> 5–85 °C</li><li><strong>Eluent preheating: </strong>Optional cartridge for eluent pre-heating</li><li><strong>Column switching options: </strong>Optional switching between up to 8 columns</li><li><strong>Choice of detectors:</strong> DAD 190–700 nm, DAD 190–1000 nm, RID, UVD, MWD, FLD, ELSD, MS</li><li><strong>Choice of software packages:</strong> ClarityChrom® CDS, OpenLAB® CDS EZChrom Edition, Mobile Control, Chromeleon™ 7.2</li><li><strong>Environmental impact:</strong> Green production, efficient operation, durability and reparability ensure a low environmental impact. The top-selling of our KNAUER 862 bar sytems have now been certified with the ACT environmental impact ecolabel issued by My Green Lab and achieved top scores.</li></ul><h3><strong>System components</strong></h3><p>By choosing the best fitting alternatives to your special application task, the AZURA system adapts to your needs. Get more information and data sheets about every single component by clicking the "View all" button.</p><h4><strong>Eluent delivery</strong></h4><h5><strong>Binary high-pressure gradient (HPG) pump system</strong></h5><p>The AZURA® P 6.1L binary pump contains two identical high pressure pumps, a 2×2-channel inlet solvent selection valve and the low-volume AZURA® mixer. The integrated degasser and AZURA® inline filter are completing this analytical AZURA® P 6.1L HPLC pump and turn it into a work horse in the lab. Active pulsation compensation significantly improves detection limits of trace components by reducing fluctuation of the baseline.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Kanuer_KNAUER_AZURA_HPLC_862_bar_system_Binary_high_pressure_gradient_HPG_pump_97332eb114.jpg" alt="Kanuer: KNAUER AZURA HPLC 862 bar system - Binary high-pressure gradient (HPG) pump" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Kanuer_KNAUER_AZURA_HPLC_862_bar_system_Binary_high_pressure_gradient_HPG_pump_97332eb114.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="669"></p><h5><strong>Quaternary low-pressure gradient (LPG) pump system</strong></h5><p>The AZURA® P 6.1L quaternary pump contains one high pressure pump and an integrated LPG mixing block with a 4-channel inlet solvent selection valve and a low-dwell volume AZURA® mixer. The integrated degasser and AZURA® inline filter are completing this analytical AZURA® P 6.1L HPLC pump and turn it into a work horse in the lab. The AZURA® mixer combines high mixing performance with a low dead volume. The user-changeable mixer is available in different volumes (50/100/200/400/600 μl) allowing best possible adaption to any application.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_HPLC_862_bar_system_Quaternary_low_pressure_gradient_LPG_pump_system_e7a5dd7a5b.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA HPLC 862 bar system - Quaternary low-pressure gradient (LPG) pump system" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_HPLC_862_bar_system_Quaternary_low_pressure_gradient_LPG_pump_system_e7a5dd7a5b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="594"></p><h5><strong>Isocratic pump system</strong></h5><p>The AZURA® P 6.1L isocratic pump is the easiest solution and can be applied, whenever an isocratic run is needed. It completes systems with refractive index detector. The isocratic pump comes in a very cost effective version or in a more sophisticated version with degasser and solvent selection valves for switching between different eluents. Chose between specialised pump heads for reversed phase and normal phase applications.</p><h4><strong>Sample Injection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Autosampler</strong></h5><p>The&nbsp;autosampler <strong>AZURA AS 6.1L</strong> can inject from up to 768 positions when equipped with microtiter plates or from up to 108 standard 2 ml sample vials. It&nbsp;is equipped with an ILD<sup>TM</sup> valve, consisting of a rotor-stator combination with a central port for depressurizing the sample loop before receiving the sample. This way, the sample is not diluted with solvent. A cooling/heating option (4–40 °C) is optionally available.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - autosampler AZURA AS 6.1L 1240&nbsp;bar" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="780"></p><h5><strong>Liquid handler</strong></h5><p>The <strong>Liquid handler LH 8.1 </strong>offers automatic sample preparation to speed up your workflow. No sample loss and high precision injection of small and large sample volumes are provided. High-throughput with up to 4 robotic coolers with&nbsp;max. of 24 racks for up to 390 HPLC vials or well plates. Washing station with two different wash solvents minimizes carry-over. Flexibility of modules and functions according to your needs.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_AZURA_Liquid_Handler1_cb4a4e1a48.jpeg" alt="Knauer: AZURA - Liquid Handler" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_AZURA_Liquid_Handler1_cb4a4e1a48.jpeg 180w," sizes="100vw" width="1274" height="1105"></p><h5><strong>Manual injection valve</strong></h5><p>KNAUER Manual injection valves V 4.1 are the easiest and most cost- effective way to inject your sample. Equippable with different sample loops, the manual injection valve can be used for a wide range of injection volumes.</p><h5><strong>Electrically driven injection valve</strong></h5><p>Whenever you need higher reproducibility and want to get user-independent results, a manual injection valve can be upgraded to an electrically switching injection valve using the <strong>KNAUER smart valve drive VU 4.1</strong>. The sample can still be applied manually, but the injection into the HPLC system is automatted.</p><h4><strong>Column selection and thermostat</strong></h4><h5><strong>Column thermostat</strong></h5><p>The <strong>forced air column thermostat</strong><i> </i><strong>AZURA CT 2.1</strong> is capable of heating or cooling from 5 to 85 °C. The powerful fan and robust peltier element keep the column at a very stable temperature, thus allowing reproducible analysis results.&nbsp;Optional eluent preheating cartridges can be installed.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Column selection and thermostat" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="881"></p><h5><strong>Column switching valves</strong></h5><p><strong>KNAUER valves V&nbsp;4.1</strong>&nbsp;and the <strong>KNAUER valve drive VU 4.1&nbsp;</strong>are designed for a wide range of chromatographic applications. Flexibility is provided by choice of different materials and sizes as well as drivers for various software packages.</p><h4><strong>Detection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)</strong></h5><p>The AZURA Diode array detectors (DAD)&nbsp;are high-end diode array detectors with a wavelength range from 190–1000 nm for the <strong>AZURA DAD 6.1L</strong> and 190–700 nm for the <strong>AZURA DAD 2.1L</strong>. The intelligent temperature management of both devices enables fast operational readiness after startup. It also minimizes baseline drift. Due to the frontally accessible deuterium and halogen lamp, the device is easy to service.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA DAD 6.1L Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h5><strong>Mass Detector for MS/MS</strong></h5><p>The <strong>SCIEX Triple Quad™ 4500 MS/MS</strong> system offers superior quantitative performance with high sensitivity combined with excellent robustness and long-term stability. Designed for food, environmental, forensic and clinical research, this MS/MS system enables test development for even the most demanding applications.</p><ul><li>Workhorse triple quad mass spectrometer for dependable everyday use&nbsp;</li><li>High sensitivity for food and environmental contaminant screening and target quantitation</li><li>High scan speed for reliable quantitation of sharp UHPLC peaks</li><li>Simple and fast data processing powered by SCIEX OS software</li></ul><h5><strong>Variable or multiple wavelength detectors (MWD or VWD)</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA MWD 2.1L</strong> is an 8 channel, sensitive multiwavelength detector combining high performance with easy handling at an affordable price. The newly developed optical unit and intelligent temperature management ensure for maximum sensitivity combined with minimal baseline drift.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>UV/VIS detectors with single variable wavelength</strong></h5><p>The UV/VIS Detector <strong>AZURA UVD 2.1L</strong> is a competitively priced HPLC spectrophotometer for routine HPLC applications including fast LC methods.&nbsp;It comes with an installed deuterium lamp which covers a wavelength range from 190 to 750 nm.&nbsp;Due to a smart design the flow cell is easily accessible and can be changed very quickly.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Refractive index detection (RI)</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA RID 2.1L</strong> is a sensitive and competitively priced differential refractometer. It is suitable for detecting compounds with little or no UV activity such as alcohols, sugars, lipids or polymers.&nbsp;The intelligently designed optical unit with advanced temperature control ensures high sensitivity, fast baseline stabilization, and excellent reproducibility. The wide linear dynamic range, its low internal volume of 43 µl from the inlet to the flow cell and 10 ml/min maximum flow rate make the AZURA RID 2.1L the perfect choice for most laboratory tasks.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_Refractive_index_detection_RI_8cd15bf26d.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA RID 2.1L Refractive index detection (RI)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_Refractive_index_detection_RI_8cd15bf26d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h5><strong>Fluorescence detection (FLD)</strong></h5><p>The fluorescence detectors <strong>RF-20A </strong>and <strong>RF-20Axs</strong> provide&nbsp;world-class sensitivity, excellent maintainability and diverse validation / support functions. They&nbsp;support&nbsp;a wide range of applications in the wavelength range of 200 to 750 nm for the RF-20Axs and 200 to 650 nm for the RF-20A from conventional analysis to high-performance analysis.</p><h5><strong>Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD)&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>As an universal detector, an <strong>ELSD </strong>offers numerous possibilities for detecting substances that have few or no chromophores. Since the eluents are evaporated, the use of non-UV-compatible solvents poses no problems and the ELSD is gradient compatible. KNAUER offers different models for different application tasks.</p><h4><strong>Software solutions</strong></h4><h5><strong>Mobile Control</strong></h5><p>The Mobile Control is an intuitive and cost-effective software solution for controlling and monitoring your AZURA devices and systems. The clear system overview provides instant information on key parameters and system status. Adjust and operate single devices or even whole systems with a few fingertips.&nbsp;The well-structured block programming assists you to clearly and quickly automate device control. A smart user management makes the Mobile Control safe. Device parameters can only be changed by authorized operators.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Mobile Control software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg 241w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="830"></p><h5><strong>ClarityChrom® CDS</strong></h5><p>ClarityChrom is an easy-to-use chromatography data system for workstations. The optional control extensions for GC, PDA and GPC allow to use the software for a wide range of applications.</p><h5><strong>OpenLAB® CDS EZChrom Edition</strong></h5><p>Basic Workstation license, includes System Suitability, Fraction Collector Control and Software Maintenance Agreement</p><h5><strong>Chromeleon™ 7.2</strong></h5><p>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Chromeleon™ is one of the most wide-spread chromatography data systems. Its intuitive handling benefits laboratory workflow and the highly developed algorithms simplify data processing. It offers a broad range of third-party drivers and can be easily used with existing HPLC systems. KNAUER offers drivers for a lot of its devices.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Application-based systems</strong></h4><h5><strong>HPLC System for Food Analysis</strong></h5><p>Analytical HPLC system with an extended maximum pressure of up to 862 bar diod array detection (DAD)</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Kanuer_AZURA_HPLC_System_for_Food_Analysis_2ac3e3351d.webp" alt="Kanuer: AZURA - HPLC System for Food Analysis" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Kanuer_AZURA_HPLC_System_for_Food_Analysis_2ac3e3351d.webp 186w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="1075"></p><h5><strong>Cannabis Profiler</strong></h5><p>HPLC System for cannabis potency testing (THC and CBD) according to the German Pharmacopoeia (DAB). System for quick and easy determination of six cannabinoids.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_AZURA_C_Annabis_Profiler_e76b10f720.webp" alt="Knauer: AZURA - Cannabis Profiler" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_AZURA_C_Annabis_Profiler_e76b10f720.webp 186w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="1075"></p><h5><strong>System for the analysis of aflatoxins</strong></h5><p>System for determination designed for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 in food and feed, such as penuts, corn and cottonseed.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_AZURA_System_for_the_analysis_of_aflatoxins_fe91f2ad54.webp" alt="Knauer: AZURA - System for the analysis of aflatoxins" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_AZURA_System_for_the_analysis_of_aflatoxins_fe91f2ad54.webp 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="1280"></p><p>&nbsp;</p></div></div>

KNAUER AZURA Educational 400 bar HPLC System

Based on our KNAUER AZURA Compact HPLC: Robust, modern and cost-effective.

<p><strong>We would like to support you in your efforts to teach chromatography in theory and practice with the KNAUER AZURA Educational System. Our special package for training includes:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>KNAUER AZURA Compact HPLC as a complete solution:</strong> an isocratic HPLC system with manual injection valve, pump, HPLC column and UV detector as well as eluent tray and solvent bottles.</li><li><strong>Intuitive and up-to-date: </strong>The clearly defined layout helps to understand the different functions of the HPLC system. All important components are easy to access and maintain.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>A laptop and the HPLC software ClarityChrom<sup>®</sup></strong> to control the system and analyze results. Alternatively, KNAUER´s Mobile Control can also be used.</li><li><strong>Training material: </strong>flow chart for installation and capillary connection, detailed application note and video tutorials.</li><li>Beyond the detailled described example application, many other easy applications are also possible on this system</li></ul><p><strong>If you are more interested in a fully equipped HPLC system for daily routine analyses, we recommend the KNAUER AZURA HPLC 862 bar systems.</strong></p><h3><strong>Specifications</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Back pressure range: </strong>400 bar max.</li><li><strong>Flow rate range: </strong>0.001–10 ml/min</li><li><strong>Recommended continuous flow rate: </strong>0.1–4 ml/min</li><li><strong>Available pump systems: </strong>Isocratic</li><li><strong>Injection options:</strong>&nbsp;Manual, optionally automatted via electrial injection valve</li><li><strong>Injection volume rangev:</strong>&nbsp;1 µl–5000 µl depending on sample loop and injection syringe</li><li><strong>Column thermostatting range: </strong>Ambient</li><li><strong>Choice of detectors:</strong>&nbsp;UVD</li><li><strong>Choice of software packages: </strong>ClarityChrom® CDS, Mobile Control</li></ul><h3><strong>System components</strong></h3><div><div><p>By choosing the most suitable component options for your specific application task, the AZURA system adapts to your needs.</p></div></div><h4><strong>Isocratic pump system</strong></h4><p>The <strong>AZURA® P 4.1S isocratic compact pump</strong> is the easiest solution and can be applied, whenever an isocratic run is needed. It features an integrated pressure sensor, which ensures pressure-independent flow rate accuracy.&nbsp;Choose between specialized pump heads for reversed phase and normal phase applications.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Isocratic_pump_system_6cc15acad6.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Isocratic pump system" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Isocratic_pump_system_6cc15acad6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1415" height="764"></p><h4><strong>Sample Injection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Manual injection valve</strong></h5><p>KNAUER Manual injection valves V 4.1 are the easiest and most cost- effective way to inject your sample. Equippable with different sample loops, the manual injection valve can be used for a wide range of injection volumes.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Manual_injection_valve_ff921b5148.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Manual injection valve" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Manual_injection_valve_ff921b5148.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1309" height="541"></p><h5><strong>Electrically driven injection valve</strong></h5><p>Whenever you need higher reproducibility and want to get user-independent results, a manual injection valve can be upgraded to an electrically switching injection valve using the <strong>KNAUER smart valve drive VU 4.1</strong>. The sample can still be applied manually, but the injection into the HPLC system is automated.</p><p>For the KNAUER AZURA 400 bar Compact systems, it can be installed&nbsp;as a module in the ASM 2.2L.</p><h4><strong>Column selection and thermostat</strong></h4><p>Optionally available for the KNAUER AZURA Educational system. The <strong>forced air column thermostat</strong><i> </i><strong>AZURA CT 2.1</strong> is capable of heating or cooling from 5 to 85 °C. The powerful fan and robust peltier element keep the column at a very stable temperature, thus allowing reproducible analysis results.&nbsp;Optional eluent preheating cartridges can be installed.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Column selection and thermostat" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="881"></p><h4><strong>Detection</strong></h4><h5><strong>UV/VIS detectors with single variable wavelength</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA UVD 2.1S</strong> is a highly competitive single variable wavelength UV detector for HPLC. It offers excellent technical specifications for routine laboratory work.&nbsp;The installed deuterium lamp covers a wavelength range from 190 to 500 nm.&nbsp;Due to a smart design, the flow cell is easily accessible and can be changed very quickly.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Compact_variable_single_wavelength_UV_detector_for_ASM_2_2_L_71a87b3680.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Compact variable single wavelength UV detector for ASM 2.2L" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Compact_variable_single_wavelength_UV_detector_for_ASM_2_2_L_71a87b3680.jpg 243w," sizes="100vw" width="1199" height="769"></p><h4><strong>Software solutions</strong></h4><h5><strong>Mobile Control</strong></h5><p>The Mobile Control is an intuitive and cost-effective software solution for controlling and monitoring your AZURA devices and systems. The clear system overview provides instant information on key parameters and system status. Adjust and operate single devices or even whole systems with a few fingertips.&nbsp;The well-structured block programming assists you to clearly and quickly automate device control. A smart user management makes the Mobile Control safe. Device parameters can only be changed by authorized operators.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Mobile Control software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg 241w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="830"></p><h5><strong>ClarityChrom® CDS</strong></h5><p>ClarityChrom is an easy-to-use chromatography data system for workstations. The optional control extensions for GC, PDA and GPC allow to use the software for a wide range of applications.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System

High-end solution for most challenging tasks. Ideally suited for quality control tasks with high sample throughput.

<p><strong>High-end solution for most challenging tasks.&nbsp;Ideally suited for quality control tasks with high sample throughput. This solution is recommended whenever lowest detection limits, highest analysis speed and resolution or most accurate flow delivery is needed.</strong></p><div><div><ul><li>Developed with innovative technology and decades of continuous improvements <strong>the AZURA®&nbsp;UHPLC 1240 bar systems enter&nbsp;a new level of performance and durability</strong></li><li><strong>Covers ultra high pressure applications</strong> due&nbsp;to&nbsp;working conditions in the range of&nbsp;<strong>0.1–5.0&nbsp;ml/min at up to 1240&nbsp;bar&nbsp;</strong></li><li>This system is made for&nbsp;high resolution <strong>UHPLC columns packed with smallest particles &lt; 2 µm</strong> or <strong>core shell materials</strong>, while any other HPLC or UHPLC column can also be used&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Perfect partner for MS/MS coupling</strong> due to very precise and accurate delivery also in the low flow rate range</li><li>Typical applications include food, pharmaceutical and environmental analyses with high throughput</li></ul></div></div><div><div><p>Choose this system whenever highest performance and speed is needed!</p><p><strong>If your applications do not require such a high back pressure and resolution, then you should take a look at the KNAUER AZURA HPLC systems. These can be operated at up to 862 bar.</strong></p></div></div><h3><strong>Specifications</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Back pressure range:</strong> 1240 bar max.</li><li><strong>Flow rate range:</strong> 0.001–5 ml/min</li><li><strong>Available pump systems:</strong> Binary HPG</li><li><strong>Special pump features:</strong> Active pulsation compensation, RFID for automatic pump head detection, Integrated pressure sensor, Leak management, Piston seal wash, Purge valve (automatic)</li><li><strong>Injection options:</strong> Autosampler, Liquid handler</li><li><strong>Injection volume range:</strong> 0.1 µl–5000 µl depending on sample loop</li><li><strong>Sample capacity:</strong> 108 standard HPLC vials (1.5 ml) or up to 768 positions when equipped with microtiter plates, with liquid handler up to 390 HPLC vials</li><li><strong>Column thermostatting range: </strong>5–85 °C</li><li><strong>Eluent preheating:</strong> Optional cartridge for eluent pre-heating</li><li><strong>Column switching options:</strong> Optional switching between up to 8 columns</li><li><strong>Choice of detectors:</strong> DAD 190–700 nm, DAD 190–1000 nm, RID, UVD, MWD, FLD, ELSD, MS</li><li><strong>Choice of software packages:</strong> ClarityChrom® CDS, OpenLAB® CDS EZChrom Edition, Mobile Control, Chromeleon™ 7.2</li></ul><h3><strong>System components</strong></h3><div><div><p>An AZURA UHPLC system adapts to your application requirements. The highly modular system design allows you to choose the best suited components for your specific task.</p></div></div><h4><strong>Eluent delivery</strong></h4><h5><strong>Binary high-pressure gradient (HPG) pump system</strong></h5><p>The new <strong>AZURA®&nbsp;P 8.1L UHPLC pump</strong> is specially designed for ultra-fast and high-resolution applications.&nbsp;It features a 2-channel internal degassing unit, a 2x2 channel solvent selection valve, and a low dwell-volume eluent mixer.</p><p>The adaptive pulsation compensation of the pump is independent of flow rate, backpressure, and eluent type through real-time eluent compressibility monitoring and variable piston stroke. Together with the ultra-precise piston movement thanks to KNAUER’s proprietary advanced piston drive technology, this results in outstanding flow reproducibility at any working conditions.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_Binary_high_pressure_gradient_HPG_pump_system_b94a8018c7.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - Binary high-pressure gradient (HPG) pump system" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_Binary_high_pressure_gradient_HPG_pump_system_b94a8018c7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="550"></p><h4><strong>Sample Injection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Autosampler 1240 bar</strong></h5><p>The&nbsp;<strong>autosampler AZURA AS 6.1L 1240&nbsp;bar</strong> can inject from up to 768 positions when equipped with microtiter plates or from up to 108 standard 2 ml sample vials. It&nbsp;is equipped with an ILD<sup>TM</sup> valve, consisting of a rotor-stator combination with a central port for depressurizing the sample loop before receiving the sample. This way, the sample is not diluted with solvent. A Cooling/heating option (4–40 °C) is optionally available.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - autosampler AZURA AS 6.1L 1240&nbsp;bar" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="780"></p><h5><strong>Liquid handler&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The <strong>Liquid handler LH 8.1 </strong>offers automatic sample preparation to speed up your workflow. No sample loss and high precision injection of small and large sample volumes are provided. High-throughput with up to 4 robotic coolers with&nbsp;max. of 24 racks for up to 390 HPLC vials or well plates. Washing station with two different wash solvents minimizes carry-over. Flexibility of modules and functions according to your needs.</p><h4><strong>Column selection and thermostat</strong></h4><h5><strong>Column thermostat</strong></h5><p>The <strong>forced air column thermostat</strong><i> </i><strong>AZURA CT 2.1</strong> is capable of heating or cooling from 5 to 85 °C. The powerful fan and robust peltier element keep the column at a very stable temperature, thus allowing reproducible analysis results.&nbsp;Optional eluent preheating cartridges can be installed.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Column selection and thermostat" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="881"></p><h5><strong>Column switching valves</strong></h5><p><strong>KNAUER valves V&nbsp;4.1</strong>&nbsp;and the <strong>KNAUER valve drive VU 4.1&nbsp;</strong>are designed for a wide range of chromatographic applications. Flexibility is provided by choice of different materials and sizes as well as drivers for various software packages.</p><h4><strong>Detection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)</strong></h5><p>The AZURA Diode array detectors (DAD)&nbsp;are high-end diode array detectors with a wavelength range from 190–1000 nm for the <strong>AZURA DAD 6.1L</strong> and 190–700 nm for the <strong>AZURA DAD 2.1L</strong>. The intelligent temperature management of both devices enables fast operational readiness after startup. It also minimizes baseline drift. Due to the frontally accessible deuterium and halogen lamp, the device is easy to service.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA DAD 6.1L Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h5><strong>Mass Detector for MS/MS</strong></h5><p>The <strong>SCIEX Triple Quad™ 4500 MS/MS</strong> system offers superior quantitative performance with high sensitivity combined with excellent robustness and long-term stability. Designed for food, environmental, forensic and clinical research, this MS/MS system enables test development for even the most demanding applications.</p><ul><li>Workhorse triple quad mass spectrometer for dependable everyday use&nbsp;</li><li>High sensitivity for food and environmental contaminant screening and target quantitation</li><li>High scan speed for reliable quantitation of sharp UHPLC peaks</li><li>Simple and fast data processing powered by SCIEX OS software</li></ul><h5><strong>Variable or multiple wavelength detectors (MWD or VWD)</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA MWD 2.1L</strong> is an 8 channel, sensitive multiwavelength detector combining high performance with easy handling at an affordable price. The newly developed optical unit and intelligent temperature management ensure for maximum sensitivity combined with minimal baseline drift.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>UV/VIS detectors with single variable wavelength</strong></h5><p>The UV/VIS Detector <strong>AZURA UVD 2.1L</strong> is a competitively priced HPLC spectrophotometer for routine HPLC applications including fast LC methods.&nbsp;It comes with an installed deuterium lamp which covers a wavelength range from 190 to 750 nm.&nbsp;Due to a smart design the flow cell is easily accessible and can be changed very quickly.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Refractive index detection (RI)</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA RID 2.1L</strong> is a sensitive and competitively priced differential refractometer. It is suitable for detecting compounds with little or no UV activity such as alcohols, sugars, lipids or polymers.&nbsp;The intelligently designed optical unit with advanced temperature control ensures high sensitivity, fast baseline stabilization, and excellent reproducibility. The wide linear dynamic range, its low internal volume of 43 µl from the inlet to the flow cell and 10 ml/min maximum flow rate make the AZURA RID 2.1L the perfect choice for most laboratory tasks.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_Refractive_index_detection_RI_8cd15bf26d.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA RID 2.1L Refractive index detection (RI)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_Refractive_index_detection_RI_8cd15bf26d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h5><strong>Fluorescence detection (FLD)</strong></h5><p>The fluorescence detectors <strong>RF-20A </strong>and <strong>RF-20Axs</strong> provide&nbsp;world-class sensitivity, excellent maintainability and diverse validation / support functions. They&nbsp;support&nbsp;a wide range of applications in the wavelength range of 200 to 750 nm for the RF-20Axs and 200 to 650 nm for the RF-20A from conventional analysis to high-performance analysis.</p><h5><strong>Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD)&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>As an universal detector, an <strong>ELSD </strong>offers numerous possibilities for detecting substances that have few or no chromophores. Since the eluents are evaporated, the use of non-UV-compatible solvents poses no problems and the ELSD is gradient compatible. KNAUER offers different models for different application tasks.</p><h4><strong>Software solutions</strong></h4><h5><strong>Mobile Control</strong></h5><p>The Mobile Control is an intuitive and cost-effective software solution for controlling and monitoring your AZURA devices and systems. The clear system overview provides instant information on key parameters and system status. Adjust and operate single devices or even whole systems with a few fingertips.&nbsp;The well-structured block programming assists you to clearly and quickly automate device control. A smart user management makes the Mobile Control safe. Device parameters can only be changed by authorized operators.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Mobile Control software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg 241w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="830"></p><h5><strong>ClarityChrom® CDS</strong></h5><p>ClarityChrom is an easy-to-use chromatography data system for workstations. The optional control extensions for GC, PDA and GPC allow to use the software for a wide range of applications.</p><h5><strong>OpenLAB® CDS EZChrom Edition</strong></h5><p>Basic Workstation license, includes System Suitability, Fraction Collector Control and Software Maintenance Agreement</p><h5><strong>Chromeleon™ 7.2</strong></h5><p>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Chromeleon™ is one of the most wide-spread chromatography data systems. Its intuitive handling benefits laboratory workflow and the highly developed algorithms simplify data processing. It offers a broad range of third-party drivers and can be easily used with existing HPLC systems. KNAUER offers drivers for a lot of its devices.&nbsp;</p>

KNAUER ULDC system AZURA 862 (BP and DAD)

ULDC system AZURA 862 with binary HPG pump and 3D diode array detector. ULDC (ultra low dispersion chromatography) system proposal.

<p><strong>The new ULDC (ultra low dispersion chromatography)&nbsp;system&nbsp;meets the enormous requirements that are essential to minimize extra column volume and thus peak dispersion.</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Ultra low dispersion volume</strong> due to optimized injection, flow and detection components</li><li>Conventional method (also gradient) can directly be transfered to ULDC system without any adaptations</li><li><strong>Sharper early-eluting peaks</strong> generate better sensitivities and resolution</li></ul><h4><strong>Eluent delivery</strong></h4><p>The Pump&nbsp;P6.1L with a HPG configuration features a solvent <strong>selection valve to set up to 4 solvents</strong> to the system of which two can be blended simultaneously. The internal degassing unit will prevent air bubbles in the system. Every P 6.1L comes with an attached mixing chamber, which can be changed to a larger volume depending on the applications needs.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_High_pressure_gradient_HPLC_pump_AZURA_P_6_1_L_High_Pressure_Pump_with_10_ml_pump_head_stainless_steel_b7d7d07d6c.jpg" alt="Knauer: High pressure gradient HPLC pump - AZURA P 6.1L High Pressure Pump with 10 ml pump head, stainless steel" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_High_pressure_gradient_HPLC_pump_AZURA_P_6_1_L_High_Pressure_Pump_with_10_ml_pump_head_stainless_steel_b7d7d07d6c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="627"></p><h4><strong>Sample Injection</strong></h4><p>The Autosampler 6.1L can inject <strong>0.1 – 5000 µl</strong> to have a large flexibility. Using standard vials or two microtiter plates will give you a maximum sample capacity of <strong>up to 768 samples or 108 vials</strong>.</p><h4><strong>Column thermostating</strong></h4><p>The Column thermostat&nbsp;CT 2.1&nbsp;is suitable for column <strong>thermostatization above and below room temperature</strong>. The instrument operates with a microprocessor controlled Peltier element for exact temperature settings.</p><h4><strong>Chromatography data system</strong></h4><p><strong>KNAUER ClarityChrom®</strong> is a powerful, yet easy-to-use chromatography software for instrument control, data acquisition and data processing. It is an economical solution compared to other more complex chromatography software while still offering <strong>FDA 21 CFR Part 11 compliance</strong>.</p><h4><strong>Detection&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The detector<strong>&nbsp;DAD 2.1L features</strong> a novel light path and flow cell architecture with improved handling and excellent performance. This Diode array detector can be used in the wavelength range of 190-700 nm.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA DAD 6.1L Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h4><strong>This AZURA ULDC system can be customized with several detectors:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>The diode array detector DAD 6.1L</strong> covers all conceivable applications with a spectral range of 190-1000 nm. With its novel light path and optimized flow cells, it is one of the most powerful devices on the market.</li><li><strong>The detector&nbsp;MWD 2.1L</strong> is an 8 channel, sensitive multiwavelength detector combining high performance with easy handling at an affordable price. This multiwavelength detector can be used in the wavelength range of 190-700 nm.</li><li><strong>The&nbsp;variable single wavelength UV/VIS detector&nbsp;UVD 2.1L</strong> comes with an installed deuterium lamp which covers a wavelength range from 190 to 750 nm. It is a competitively priced detector for routine HPLC applications including fast LC <span style="font-size:12px;">methods</span>.</li></ul><p>Customized configurations like combinations of several detectors are also available. Every AZURA 862 HPLC system can easily be upgraded to ULDC and it is not necessary to purchase a UHPLC system with higher back pressure capabilities.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><div><div><div><ul><li>Ultra sharp peaks</li><li>Maximum separation power</li><li>Ultra low extra column volume</li><li>Better performance than HPLC</li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Data</strong></h3><h4><strong>Analytical system</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Application area:</strong> UHPLC, HPLC</li><li><strong>Pump system:</strong> Gradient</li><li><strong>Gradient:</strong> Binary HPG</li><li><strong>Injection: </strong>Autosampler</li><li><strong>Detector: </strong>Diode array detection DAD</li><li><strong>Software: </strong>ClarityChrom, Mobile Control</li><li><strong>Pressure: </strong>862 bar</li><li><strong>Column thermostat: </strong>Yes</li></ul><h3><strong>Included components</strong></h3><h4><strong>AZURA Eluent tray E 2.1L</strong></h4><p>AZURA® Eluent tray E 2.1L for AZURA® devices with a capacity of 6 x 1 l bottles or 4 x 2.5 l bottles or 2 x 5 l bottles, (delivery without bottles)</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_AZURA_Eluent_tray_E_2_1_L_Eluent_tray_for_up_to_6_x_1000_ml_bottles_delivery_without_bottles_or_4_x_2_5_l_bottles_or_2_x_5_l_bottles_or_1_x_10_l_bottle_da9c964bad.jpg" alt="Knauer: AZURA Eluent tray E 2.1L - Eluent tray for up to 6 x 1000 ml bottles, (delivery without bottles), or 4 x 2.5 l bottles, or 2 x 5 l bottles, or 1 x 10 l bottle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_AZURA_Eluent_tray_E_2_1_L_Eluent_tray_for_up_to_6_x_1000_ml_bottles_delivery_without_bottles_or_4_x_2_5_l_bottles_or_2_x_5_l_bottles_or_1_x_10_l_bottle_da9c964bad.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="540"></p><h4><strong>Set of eluent supply bottles for HPG and LPG systems incl. bottle for piston backflushing</strong></h4><p>Set of 4 eluent bottles 1000 ml, 1 bottle 250 ml for piston backflushing, incl. closed caps, GL45 use with AZURA tubing kit</p><h4><strong>High pressure gradient HPLC pump</strong></h4><p>AZURA® Pump P 6.1L (HPG), with 10 ml pump head (stainless steel), degasser and mixer (400 µl)</p><ul><li>Max. flow rate : 10 ml/min</li><li>Pump head materials : Stainless Steel &nbsp;Gradient : High pressure gradient (binary)</li><li>Pump features : Active pulsation compensation, RFID for automatic pump head detection, Integrated pressure sensor, Purge valve (manual), Leak management, Piston seal wash</li><li>Maximum delivery pressure [MPa] : 86 MPa</li></ul><h4><strong>Fast and versatile analytical HPLC autosampler</strong></h4><p>AZURA® Autosampler AS 6.1L analytical HPLC autosampler, 862 bar</p><ul><li>Maximum back pressure: 862 bar</li><li>Sample loop: 100 µl</li><li>Sample tray cooling: None</li><li>Autosampler Flow Path: Analytical</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg" alt="Knauer KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - autosampler AZURA AS 6.1L 1240&nbsp;bar" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="780"></p><h4><strong>Column thermostat for up to 8 HPLC columns</strong></h4><p>Column thermostat AZURA CT 2.1 for constant temperatures and reproducible results</p><ul><li>Temperature range : 5–85 °C</li></ul><h4><strong>Basic Diode Array Detector for Liquid Chromatography and Process Technology</strong></h4><p>AZURA® Detector DAD 2.1L Diode array detector DAD 2.1L without flow cell 190 - 700 nm, incl. test cell</p><ul><li>Detector type: Diode array detector</li><li>Detection channels: 8 (Digital)/4 (Analog)</li><li>Wavelength range: 190 - 700 nm</li><li>Number of diodes: 256</li><li>Linearity: &gt; 2.0 AU at 274 nm (ASTM E1657-98)</li></ul><h4><strong>Standard KNAUER LightGuide UV Flow Cell Cartridge</strong></h4><p>10 mm path length, 2µl, 1/16", 50 bar, LightGuide Flow cell cartridge for AZURA® Detector DAD/MWD</p><ul><li>Flow cell type: Analytical UV flow cell</li><li>Path length: 10 mm</li><li>Capillary connection: 1/16''</li><li>Max. flow rate: 5 ml/min</li><li>Flow cell volume: 2 µl</li></ul><h4><strong>Start-Up Kit with flexible, precut capillaries for analytical UHPLC and ULDC systems with 1/16" connections</strong></h4><p>Set of precut capillaries, fittings, connectors and adapters</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Start_Up_Kit_with_flexible_precut_capillaries_for_analytical_UHPLC_and_ULDC_systems_with_1_16_connections_3e479ace7e.jpg" alt="Knauer: Start-Up Kit with flexible, precut capillaries for analytical UHPLC and ULDC systems with 1-16 connections" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Start_Up_Kit_with_flexible_precut_capillaries_for_analytical_UHPLC_and_ULDC_systems_with_1_16_connections_3e479ace7e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="435"></p><h4><strong>Tool kit AZURA</strong></h4><p>Tool Kit AZURA® for systems with PEEK or pre-cut capillary kits</p><h4><strong>8-port GBit switch for connection of AZURA devices with a PC</strong></h4><p>8-port LAN GBit switch NetGear GS108GE, 8x RJ-45, GBit, Auto MDI-X, power plug UK, US or AUS</p><h4><strong>ClarityChrom 9.1.0 - Workstation, autosampler control included</strong></h4><p>ClarityChrom® single instrument license for one time base</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Clarity_Chrom_Workstation_7ed6c2cb72.jpg" alt="Knauer: ClarityChrom Workstation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Clarity_Chrom_Workstation_7ed6c2cb72.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="839" height="495"></p><h4><strong>ClarityChrom 9.1.0 - PDA extension</strong></h4><p>ClarityChrom® option for PDA data processing</p><h4><strong>Eluent waste kit for AZURA Analytical systems</strong></h4><p>Eluent waste kit for all AZURA Analytical systems, incl. filter, waste can and cap.</p></div></div></div>

KNAUER AZURA GPC/SEC Systems

AZURA® SEC is KNAUER's line of GPC and SEC systems that offer solutions for different applications and labs. These systems can analyze, separate and fractionate sample components based on size and molecular weight. 

<p><strong>AZURA<sup>®</sup> SEC is KNAUER's line of GPC and SEC systems</strong> that offer solutions for different applications and labs. These systems can analyze, separate and fractionate sample components based on size and molecular weight, making them useful for industries such as polymer, food, biochemistry, and pharmaceuticals, as well as research.</p><p>The systems come in different variants, each tailored to specific lab needs, such as the <strong>AZURA SEC</strong> Compact for budget-friendly solutions or the &nbsp;Lab for highest analytical performance.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_SEC_Systems_Application_areas_caaeb1284f.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA GPC/SEC Systems - Application areas" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_SEC_Systems_Application_areas_caaeb1284f.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1204" height="1204"></p><h3><strong>GPC/SEC&nbsp; – Principles and parameters</strong></h3><h4><strong>Principle of GPC/SEC</strong></h4><h5><strong>How does GPC/SEC work?</strong></h5><p>Gel Permeation Chromatography (<strong>GPC</strong>) and&nbsp;Size Exclusion Chromatography (<strong>SEC</strong>) separate&nbsp;analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle relies on the fact that smaller molecules will be more likely to enter those pores, making their travel time through the matrix longer than that of larger molecules. Separations (typically of a mixture of polymers, polysaccharides or biomolecules) are facilitated by choosing optimal particle and pore sizes, as well as column length. GPC/SEC is often used in quality control and R&amp;D.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_SEC_System_principle_gpc_00e63025c7.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA GPC/SEC Systems - principle of GPC" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_SEC_System_principle_gpc_00e63025c7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="648" height="232"></p><h4><strong>GPC, SEC or GFC</strong></h4><h5><strong>Terminology in GPC/SEC</strong></h5><p>Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC) &nbsp;all essentially describe the same methodology, but the term GPC tends to be used in polymer chemistry by those working with aggressive, organic solvents, while SEC and GFC are more commonly used by those separating biomolecules using aqueous solvents (buffers) or to reflect the use of aqueous buffers in polymer separations. Systems with organic solvents or aqueous-based solvents present some inherent challenges.</p><p>The solvents used in polymer analysis are chosen for their ability to dissolve polymeric substances – and therefore may damage certain components of a device. And the use of salt buffers in SEC is harmful to metal components of the system. Hence, all liquid-contacting system components, from the valves and seals to tubing, must be carefully considered when developing such systems.</p><h4><strong>What does GPC require?</strong></h4><h5><strong>What do I need for GPC?</strong></h5><p>GPC columns are typically long and runs are performed at&nbsp;low flow rates of up to 1 ml/min and at low (&lt;100 bar) pressures. For the precise molecular weight determination, which is the goal of most GPC/SEC users, a good isocratic pump is essential for a steady baseline. Also a degasser suitable for a wide range of partly highly aggressive solvents is very important to ensure reproducible results. Additionally, temperature is crucial for many GPC applications so a thermostat to control the column temperature is essential.</p><p>Due to the often very aggressive media used in polymer analysis, all wetted parts need to be compatible with the used solvent. Depending on the polymer it is important to keep this in mind when configuring a GPC system.</p><h4><strong>What is GPC Cleanup?</strong></h4><p>GPC Cleanup is a sample preparation method based on gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It is primarily employed for performing general cleanup tasks on a wide range of sample matrices such as foodstuffs, tissues, plants, and environmental samples. High-weight molecular substances, such as lipids, proteins, natural resins, cellular components, and steroids, interfering with subsequent analysis e.g. of pesticides are efficiently removed.</p><h3><strong>Components for GPC/SEC systems</strong></h3><h5><span lang="EN-GB"><strong>Columns</strong></span></h5><p><span lang="EN-GB">Columns GPC/SEC separation efficiency is driven by long columns with large diameters, and the matrix is often based on porous silica or polymer material – the pore size determines the molecular weight range of the separation, and columns with different pore sizes are determines the molecular&nbsp; weight range of the separation, and columns with different pore sizes are combined to broaden separation and increase resolution.</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_SEC_System_Column_af59e0a074.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA GPC/SEC Systems- Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_SEC_System_Column_af59e0a074.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="699"></p><h5><span lang="EN-GB"><strong>Software</strong></span></h5><p><span lang="EN-GB">The main goals are the determination of molar mass averages and the distribution of molar masses, which is performer through calibration using general standards with molar masses in a given range. Many chromatography data systems (CDS) are incapable of processing this data. With the GPC/SEC extension to our well-known ClarityChrom CDS software we offer our customers the possibility to continue working with a familiar software.</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Clarity_Chrom_Workstation_7ed6c2cb72.jpg" alt="Knauer: ClarityChrom Workstation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Clarity_Chrom_Workstation_7ed6c2cb72.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="839" height="495"></p><h5><span lang="EN-GB"><strong>Extensions</strong></span></h5><p><span lang="EN-GB">AZURA also affords customers the flexibility to extend their GPC/ SEC systems with autosamplers, valves, feed pumps, and column thermostats. In fact, many GPC runs are conducted at higher temperatures (&lt;60°C), so the AZURA column thermostat is of great interest.</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA GPC/SEC Systems - column thermostats" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="881"></p><h5><span lang="EN-GB"><strong>Pumps</strong></span></h5><p><span lang="EN-GB">GPC/SEC analyses necessitate lower flow rates and lower pressure than HPLC. GPC/SEC runs are conducted isocratically, so a good isocratic pump is essential for a steady baseline. The AZURA excellent isocratic pump has been optimized to meet the requirements of GPC applications.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB"><strong>Options:</strong></span></p><ul><li><span lang="EN-GB">Normal phase</span></li><li><span lang="EN-GB">Aqueous eluents</span></li><li><span lang="EN-GB">Reversed phase pump with integrated solvent selection valve and degasser</span></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_High_pressure_gradient_HPLC_pump_AZURA_P_6_1_L_High_Pressure_Pump_with_10_ml_pump_head_stainless_steel_b7d7d07d6c.jpg" alt="Knauer: AZURA GPC/SEC Systems - pumps" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_High_pressure_gradient_HPLC_pump_AZURA_P_6_1_L_High_Pressure_Pump_with_10_ml_pump_head_stainless_steel_b7d7d07d6c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="627"></p><h5><span lang="EN-GB"><strong>Detectors</strong></span></h5><p><span lang="EN-GB">Our AZURA RI detector has been optimized for a better performance with organic solvents. Especially we have worked on significantly lower the drift with THF.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB">Yu can alternatively choose between our UV/VIS detectors, variable single wavelength, multi- wavelength, or diode array.</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_SEC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_2_13953c7ec5.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA GPC/SEC Systems - RID 2.1 detector" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_SEC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_2_13953c7ec5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1066" height="438"></p>

ECOM PREPBOX A3L8E Chromatography Separation System

PREPBOX is a compact alternative to modular preparative systems. It is assembled according to the customer's wishes.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0"><p><strong>Complete preparative modular system</strong> with one basic gradient pump and optionally secondary pump for repetitive sampling or with injection valve. Also switching valve for&nbsp;<abbr title="Countercurrent Chromatography"><strong>CCC</strong></abbr><strong> applications</strong>. PDA four channel detector up to 800&nbsp;nm.&nbsp;It is assembled according to the customer's wishes. It is used for high-capacity systems or with centrifugal chromatography systems like in pharmaceutical purification of <strong style="caret-color:auto;">cannabis extracts</strong><span style="caret-color:auto;"> (</span><abbr title="Cannabidiol"><span style="caret-color:auto;"><strong>CBD</strong></span></abbr><span style="caret-color:auto;">, </span><abbr title="Cannabinol"><span style="caret-color:auto;"><strong>CBN</strong></span></abbr><span style="caret-color:auto;">, </span><abbr title="Cannabigerol"><span style="caret-color:auto;"><strong>CBG</strong></span></abbr><span style="caret-color:auto;">, </span><abbr title="Cannabichromene"><span style="caret-color:auto;"><strong>CBC</strong></span></abbr><span style="caret-color:auto;">, </span><abbr title="Tetrahydrocannabinol"><span style="caret-color:auto;"><strong>THC</strong></span></abbr><span style="caret-color:auto;">...).</span></p><p><strong>ECOMAC SW</strong> installed at internal PC controls the system. Fractions are collected by means of&nbsp;<strong>10 position valve</strong>&nbsp;<br><br><strong>It is necessary to purchase an operating system for the PREPBOX</strong>&nbsp;- in most cases we recommend <strong>Windows OS</strong>&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;ABB90000) or <strong>Linux</strong>&nbsp;(on request). The system also supports the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999"><strong>Clarity software</strong></a>. It is also possible to purchase a wireless mouse and keyboard set&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0028) and a computer monitor&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0027).</p><h5><strong>TOY18DAD 800L Detector</strong></h5><p>It is UV-VIS diode array detector, which allow measuring absorbance of four wavelengths in range of 200-800&nbsp;nm simultaneously in one cell just as scanning of whole spectra.</p><h5><strong>ECP2300 Preparative Gradient Pump</strong></h5><p><strong>Two peparative HPLC pump</strong> suited for&nbsp;<strong>preparative</strong>&nbsp;applications in liquid chromatography with a pressure <strong>up to 15 MPa</strong> at flow rate of <strong>300&nbsp;ml/min</strong>.&nbsp;New sophisticated unit allows achieving a precise&nbsp;<strong>low-pressure gradient</strong>, i.e. gradual changes of solvent composition by mixing&nbsp;<strong>up to four liquids</strong>&nbsp;at the pump entry.</p><h4><strong>Complete preparative modular system with:</strong></h4><ul><li>one basic gradient pump</li><li>for sampling secondary pump or injection valve</li><li>optionally switching valve for CCC</li><li>PDA detector up to 800 nm</li><li>10 positions valve for fractions collecting</li><li>PC board with ECOMAC SW</li></ul><h3><strong>Parameters</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Interface: </strong>5x USB, HDMI, 2X RS232, LAN, VGA</li><li><strong>Power supply: </strong>100 - 240 V AC</li><li><strong>Power input: </strong>4900 W</li><li><strong>Dimensions W x H x D: </strong>405x490x525 mm (15.94x19.29x20.67 in)</li><li><strong>Weight: </strong>50 kg</li></ul></div>

ECOM ECS06 Gradient Analytical System

Highly effective HPLC system with a UV-VIS detector, a column oven, an analytical pump, a gradient box, and an autosampler with/without cooling and heating, 40 MPa (5801 psi).

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0"><p><strong>Highly effective HPLC system with a UV-VIS detector, a column oven, an analytical pump, a gradient box, and an autosampler with/without cooling and heating, 40 MPa (5801 psi).</strong></p><p>The detector with eight channels in the range of 200-800 nm and a very low noise level also offers high-speed scanning <strong>up to 100 Hz</strong>. The units are communicated through <strong>RS232</strong> or Ethernet (LAN). An additional PC A/D converter card is not required for this system. The system contains an autosampler and Clarity software. All units are supported in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999"><strong>Clarity software</strong></a> from installation.</p><p>A wireless mouse and keyboard set (P/N: EPC-0028), a PC (P/N: EPC-0026), and a computer monitor (P/N: EPC-0027) can be purchased with the system.</p><h3><strong>Main parts</strong></h3><h5><strong>ECDA2800 UV-VIS PDA DETECTOR</strong></h5><p>Analytical Diode Array Detector measures at eight wavelengths simultaneously or performs a full scan with a speed of up to 100 Hz. 3D support in Clarity SW. Noise level ±5 x 10-6 AU. Four analog outputs. Two special mathematical channels are available. AD 05 analytical cell is included.</p><h5><strong>ECO2080L COLUMN OVEN WITH HEATING AND COOLING</strong></h5><p>This column oven allows precise temperature stabilization in the range of 0-80°C. A big compartment room can accommodate up to 3 columns with lengths up to 30 cm. Peltier technology offers the possibility of heating and cooling independently from room temperature.</p><h5><strong>ECP2010 ANALYTICAL HPLC PUMP</strong></h5><p>This isocratic pump works with Gradient Box ECB2004B as a quaternary gradient pump. The flow rate range is 0.001-10.00 ml/min and the pressure limit is 40 MPa. Unit software includes a new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression and many testing and diagnostic functions.</p><h5><strong>ECB2004B GRADIENT BOX WITH DEGASSER</strong></h5><p>The box is suited for handling liquids in ECOM gradient systems. It accommodates a container for solvent bottles, a built-in high-efficiency vacuum degasser, and a four-way gradient valve. Up to four solvent lines may be degassed simultaneously by one unit. A four-way gradient valve is controlled from the pump ECP2010.</p><h5><strong>AUTOSAMPLER AS96</strong></h5><p>A reliable and precise autosampler for a wide range of applications in HPLC and LC-MS in variants with or without a cooling and heating module. State-of-the-art injection technology with fast injection and wash cycles. For 2x48 vials, max. pressure 40 MPa (5801 psi)</p><h5><strong>CLARITY CHROMATOGRAPHY SOFTWARE</strong></h5><p>This system is fully controlled by Clarity Chromatography software, which is also a part of delivery. Clarity software complies with CFR21GLP requirements.</p><h3>SYSTEM CONTAINS&nbsp;</h3><p><strong>Pcs / Description (P/N)</strong></p><ul><li>1x / ECDA2800 Analytical UV-VIS PDA Detector (ANW0000X)</li><li>1x /&nbsp;ECB2004B Gradient box with degasser (ABA0000X)</li><li>1x / ECP2010 Analytical HPLC pump (ACA0000X)</li><li>1x / ECO2080L Column oven with heating and cooling (AOA00004)</li><li>1x / Autosampler AS96 for 2x48 vials, 40 MPa, with or without heating and cooling module (ASA97010/ASA97000)</li><li>1x / Clarity – Station for 1 instrument (AP000C50)</li><li>1x / Clarity module for HPLC control (AP000A24)</li><li>1x / Clarity SW module for AS controlvAP000A26)</li><li>1x / Module for PDA data Clarity SW (AP000A29)</li><li>1x / Accessories for analyt. system series 2000 (ASA00180)</li><li>1x / Accessories for autosampler (ASA96180)</li></ul><p>Note: Column and computer not included. PC system has to be equipped for handling 3 serial RS232 or 1 Ethernet port at least. Please, check also <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999"><strong>Clarity software</strong></a> requirements..</p><h3>Configuration options</h3><ul><li><strong>ASA0600X</strong> - Gradient analytical system - incl. autosampler <strong>without cooling and heating</strong>, up to 40 MPa (5801 psi)</li><li><strong>ASA06C0X</strong> - Gradient analytical system – incl. autosampler <strong>with cooling and heating</strong>, up to 40 MPa (5801 psi)</li></ul></div>

ECOM ECS07 Gradient Analytical System

Highly effective HPLC system with a UV-VIS detector, a column oven, an analytical pump (60 MPa, 8702 psi), a gradient box, and an autosampler.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0"><p><strong>Highly effective HPLC system with a UV-VIS detector, a column oven, an analytical pump, a gradient box, and an autosampler with/without cooling and heating, 60 MPa (8702 psi).</strong></p><p>The detector with eight channels in the range of 200-800 nm and a very low noise level also offers high-speed scanning <strong>up to 100 Hz</strong>. The units are communicated through <strong>RS232</strong> or <strong>Ethernet (LAN)</strong>. An additional PC A/D converter card is not required for this system. The system contains an autosampler and Clarity software. All units are supported in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999"><strong>Clarity software</strong></a> from installation.</p><p>A wireless mouse and keyboard set (P/N: EPC-0028), a PC (P/N: EPC-0026), and a computer monitor (P/N: EPC-0027) can be purchased with the system.</p><h3><strong>Main parts</strong></h3><h5><strong>ECDA2800 UV-VIS PDA DETECTOR</strong></h5><p>Analytical Diode Array Detector measures at eight wavelengths simultaneously or performs a full scan with a speed of up to 100 Hz. 3D support in Clarity SW. Noise level ±5 x 10-6 AU. Four analog outputs. Two special mathematical channels are available. AD 05 analytical cell is included.</p><h5><strong>ECO2080L COLUMN OVEN WITH HEATING AND COOLING</strong></h5><p>This column oven allows precise temperature stabilization in the range of 0-80°C. A big compartment room can accommodate up to 3 columns with lengths up to 30 cm. Peltier technology offers the possibility of heating and cooling independently from room temperature.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>ECP2010H ANALYTICAL HPLC PUMP</strong></h5><p>This isocratic pump works with Gradient Box ECB2004B as a <strong>quaternary gradient pump</strong>. The flow rate range is <strong>0.001-10.00 ml/min</strong> and the pressure limit is <strong>60 MPa</strong>. Unit software includes a new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression and many testing and diagnostic functions.</p><h5><strong>ECB2004B GRADIENT BOX WITH DEGASSER</strong></h5><p>The box is suited for handling liquids in ECOM gradient systems. It accommodates a container for solvent bottles, a built-in high-efficiency vacuum degasser, and a four-way gradient valve. Up to four solvent lines may be degassed simultaneously by one unit. A four-way gradient valve is controlled from the pump ECP2010.</p><h5><strong>AUTOSAMPLER AS96</strong></h5><p>A reliable and precise autosampler for a wide range of applications in HPLC and LC-MS in <strong>variants with or without a cooling and heating module</strong>. State-of-the-art injection technology with fast injection and wash cycles. Max. pressure <strong>60 MPa.</strong></p><h5><strong>CLARITY CHROMATOGRAPHY SOFTWARE</strong></h5><p>This system is fully controlled by Clarity Chromatography software, which is also a part of delivery. Clarity software complies with CFR21GLP requirements.</p><h3>SYSTEM CONTAINS&nbsp;</h3><p><strong>Pcs / Description (P/N)</strong></p><ul><li>1x / ECDA2800 Analytical UV-VIS PDA Detector (ANW0000X)</li><li>1x /&nbsp;ECB2004B Gradient box with degasser (ABA0000X)</li><li>1x / ECP2010H Analytical HPLC pump (ACF0000X)</li><li>1x / ECO2080L Column oven with heating and cooling (AOA00004)</li><li>1x / Autosampler AS96 for 2x48 vials, 60 MPa, with or without heating and cooling module (ASA96000/ASA96010)</li><li>1x / Clarity – Station for 1 instrument (AP000C50)</li><li>1x / Clarity module for HPLC control (AP000A24)</li><li>1x / Clarity SW module for AS controlvAP000A26)</li><li>1x / Module for PDA data Clarity SW (AP000A29)</li><li>1x / Accessories for analyt. system series 2000 (ASA00180)</li><li>1x / Accessories for autosampler (ASA96180)</li></ul><p>Note: Column and computer not included. PC system has to be equipped for handling 3 serial RS232 or 1 Ethernet port at least. Please, check also <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999"><strong>Clarity software</strong></a> requirements..</p><h3>Configuration options</h3><ul><li><strong>ASA0700X</strong> - Gradient analytical system - incl. autosampler <strong>without cooling and heating</strong>, up to 60 MPa.</li><li><strong>ASA07C0X </strong>- Gradient analytical system – incl. autosampler <strong>with cooling and heating</strong>, up to 60 MPa.</li></ul></div>

Products from category Liquid chromatographs - page 3

Related content

The Importance of Detecting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Interview: What Drew Postdoc Taťána Gazárková to Analytical Chemistry

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 36, 2026