A team from CEITEC Masaryk University (MUNI) in collaboration with researchers from two research institutes in Norway has, for the first time, captured how echovirus 18, a member of the enterovirus genus, releases its genetic material into cells to initiate infection. The study provides a structural view of an early stage of viral infection under near-native conditions. Using cryo-electron microscopy, the researchers discovered that the virus does not release its RNA through a small pore in its capsid, as had long been assumed. Instead, its protein shell partially disassembles, creating a large opening through which the viral genetic material escapes into the host cell. A detailed understanding of this genome release mechanism could eventually help develop compounds preventing enteroviruses from infecting cells.Enteroviruses are common human pathogens causing diseases ranging from the common cold and gastrointestinal infections to severe neurological disorders. Echovirus 18, the virus investigated in this study, is known primarily as a cause of meningitis and encephalitis in children. It belongs to the picornaviruses, a family of small, non-enveloped viruses whose genetic material is protected by a protein shell, the capsid, organized with icosahedral symmetry.To replicate within a cell, the enteroviruses must release their RNA – the molecule that carries viral genetic information – from the capsid, into the cell cytoplasm. Although this step is crucial for initiating infection, it has never been observed in infected cells.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_71d553bb0e.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Plevka Lab: CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection: View into a cell infected by echovirus 18. Echovirus 18 is shown in green and yellow, ribosomes in violet, and actin filaments in cyan. Scale 50 nm. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_71d553bb0e.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1128">“For a long time, two main theories existed about how picornaviruses deliver their RNA genomes into cells. One proposed that the genome leaves the capsid through a small opening. The other, supported by earlier work from our laboratory, suggested that the genome escapes from partially disassembled capsids missing pentamers of capsid proteins. However, both models were based on experiments with virus particles outside cells. We wanted to go one step further and see what really happens during infection inside a cell,” says <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/liya-mukhamedova-ph-d/u89248?page=publication">Liya Mukhamedova</a>, the study’s first author from CEITEC MUNI.Using cryo-electron microscopy, which allows scientists to visualize biological structures at exceptionally high resolution, the researchers observed individual echovirus 18 particles directly within infected cells. They discovered that empty virus particles in infected cells lack parts of their capsids. It is through these openings that the virus releases its RNA.The study also revealed the role of the FcRn receptor, a cell-surface molecule that enteroviruses use to enter cells. The binding of the virus to the receptor triggers structural changes in the viral particle that prime it for subsequent genome release. The team showed that receptor binding causes the loss of the so-called pocket factor, a small molecule that normally helps stabilize the virus particle. The virus otherwise remains largely intact, suggesting that receptor binding is only the first step toward uncoating, while additional factors within the cell are required to complete the process and trigger genome release.“Infection is a complex process, during which enterovirus particles sense various interactions with cell components. The binding of echovirus 18 to the FcRn host-cell receptor triggers conformational changes in the virus, priming it for genome release.” – explains <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/pavel-plevka-ph-d/u26854">Pavel Plevka</a>, head of the Structural Virology Research Group.The researchers did not observe the so-called activated particles that are key intermediates in the enterovirus uncoating process. This suggests that genome release in cells occurs much faster than previous experiments had suggested.By combining structural data obtained from studies of virus particles outside living cells with observations of infected cells, the study offers a picture of how enterovirus infection begins. Moving beyond simplified experiments with isolated virus particles, it brings scientists closer to understanding the earliest stages of enterovirus infection as they occur in living cells. The study, was published in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">PNAS journal</a>.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_2_3601bf1df9.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Plevka Lab: CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection: Reconstructions of E18 particles from infected cells. The particles are rainbow-colored based on the distance from the particle center. Scale 10 nm." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vedci_z_CEITEC_jako_prvni_zachytili_jak_enteroviry_spousteji_infekci_bunek_2_3601bf1df9.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="906"><blockquote><h4>Article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">Particles of echovirus 18 open to release their genomes in vivo</a></h4>Liya Mukhamedova, David Buchta, Zuzana Trebichalská, Yevgen Levdansky, Jana Moravcová, David Potěšil, Zbyněk Zdráhal, Dominik Hřebík, Lucie Nepovímová, Torleif Tollefsrud Gjølberg, Jan Terje Andersen, Jiří Nováček, Tibor Füzik, and Pavel PlevkaProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2026, 123, e2601182123<div>&nbsp;</div><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2601182123</a></div><h6>licenced under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Enteroviruses cause a broad spectrum of human diseases, ranging from mild respiratory or gastrointestinal infections to severe neurological disorders such as aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. Enterovirus cell entry involves receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by destabilizing rearrangements of the virus capsid that enable genome release. However, the mechanism of enterovirus genome release has not been visualized in infected cells. Here, we used cryoelectron tomography and microscopy to image echovirus 18 (E18) entry into host cells and its interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). 30 min postinfection, endosomes and cytoplasm contained empty capsids missing one or several pentamers of capsid proteins, providing evidence that in vivo E18 releases its genome through capsid opening. In vitro, FcRn binding induced the expulsion of pocket factors from hydrophobic pockets in VP1, priming the virus for uncoating. The cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction of genome-containing particles of E18 inside infected cells did not reveal pocket factors, indicating that receptor binding triggers the same priming process during infection. We did not detect activated particles in infected cells, suggesting that these intermediates are short-lived and rapidly release their genomes in vivo. Our results identify capsid opening as the in vivo mechanism of echovirus 18 genome release, providing structural evidence for a process previously only inferred from in vitro experiments.

CEITEC Scientists Are the First to Capture How Enteroviruses Initiate Infection 

ISC 2026 officially opened in Prague on Sunday, September 6, bringing the international separation science community together at the Prague Congress Centre. The first day began with six Short Courses covering topics from analytical procedure lifecycle and mass spectral interpretation to HILIC, oligonucleotides, LC/MS data analysis, and supercritical fluids. In the afternoon, conference chairs Michal Holčapek and Lucie Nováková welcomed participants during the Opening Ceremony, followed by the J.F.K. Huber Medal Award Ceremony. The scientific program then moved into its first plenary session, spanning spintronics, single-cell proteomics and robust LC-MS, and rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry. The opening day concluded with the Welcome Reception, giving participants their first opportunity to meet colleagues from around the world and begin a week of scientific exchange, new ideas, and chromatography in the heart of Prague.<h4>Sunday, September 6th</h4><h5>8:30–15:45 Short Courses 3 - 8</h5><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Short_Courses_Koen_Sandra_176f1c6d52.jpg" alt="ISC: ISC 2026 - Day 1: Short Course SC 6 Oligonucleotides and Other Biopharmaceuticals (Koen Sandra)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Short_Courses_Koen_Sandra_176f1c6d52.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"><h5>16:00–16:30 Opening Ceremony</h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/lcms/articles?search=hol%C4%8Dapek">Michal Holčapek</a>, Czech Republic</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/lcms/articles?search=Lucie+Nov%C3%A1kov%C3%A1">Lucie Nováková</a>, Czech Republic</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Opening_Novakova_and_Holcapek_bbf9dd44e3.jpg" alt="ISC: ISC 2026 - Day 1: Michal Holčapek and Lucie Nováková opened ISC 2026" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Opening_Novakova_and_Holcapek_bbf9dd44e3.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"><h5>16:30–17:00 Award Ceremony</h5><ul><li>J.F.K. Huber Medal (awarded by the Austrian Society for Analytical Chemistry)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_JFK_Huber_Award_winner_Dave_846f6a5dff.jpg" alt="ISC: ISC 2026 - Day 1: Davy Guillarme as a 2026 recipient of the J.F.K. Lecture Award of the Austrian Society of Analytical Chemistry" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_JFK_Huber_Award_winner_Dave_846f6a5dff.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1066"><h4>Plenary lectures</h4><h5>17:00 - 17:30 Spintronics: A new paradigm in digital bits</h5><ul><li>Tomáš Jungwirth, Czech Republic&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Besides the rapid developments in the big world of cloud data centers and AI, a remarkable paradigm shift is occurring on the level of the smallest “elementary particle” of information technologies – the single physical bit. For the first time in the history of microprocessor chips, semiconductor bits are being replaced by a fundamentally distinct technology. The technology is based on magnets and is called spintronics. All major developers and manufacturers of the advanced chip technologies are now implementing these new spintronic bits. Not across the entire microprocessor chip, but in some of its vital memory parts. The transition to the spintronic bits is happening because further miniaturization of semiconductor bits has become prohibitively expensive or even reached fundamental physical limits. In the talk we will introduce the distinct physical principle behind the spintronic bits, and highlight some of the recent adbances in spintronics research and development.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Tomas_Jungwirth_dd6eeca2b5.jpg" alt="ISC: ISC 2026 - Day 1: Spintronics: A new paradigm in digital bits (Tomáš Jungwirth, Czech Republic)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Tomas_Jungwirth_dd6eeca2b5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1595" height="1008"><h5>17:30 - 18:00 Single cell proteomics requires robust LC-MS: Unexpected findings bring new biological understanding</h5><ul><li>Jennifer Van Eyk, USA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Underlying precision medicine is the concept that an individual’s Omic signature (including the proteome) will provide a physician with clinically actionable diagnosis and a subsequent mechanistic therapeutic route that is appropriate for a particular person. This concept is based on the idea of pathological heterogeneity and recognizes the impact of differences in the heath state of individuals. The deployment of single cell technologies has demonstrated heterogeneity within a single cell type which impacts the degree of cellular heterogeneity within an organ. Unlike bulk proteomic approaches, which average signals across heterogeneous populations, single-cell proteomics captures the molecular diversity of cell. Today single-cell proteomics can provide high-resolution characterization of protein quantities and variability within the structural composition and signaling dynamics within individual cells which requires robust, precise and sensitive liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) workflows with sufficient throughput to quantitatively analyze 1000s of single cells.We have developed stable and precise single cell LC-MS workflow based on high-flow, dual trap with a single analytical column system that can achieve 96 samples per day. Furthermore, we have coupled this with a novel parallel sample preparation method on demand within the autosampler reducing sample lose and matching throughput with the LC-MS. Here, we have investigated the proteomic heterogeneity of cardiac muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, the specialized cells that contain the contractile proteins and which are responsible for the heart contraction and relaxation. By applying single-cell proteomics to cardiomyocytes isolated from human and mouse hearts, as well as human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, we uncovered previously unrecognized cellular subpopulations distinguished by differences in contractile and metabolic protein expression. As well unexpectedly, we unambiguously identified proteins traditionally considered absent in adult cardiomyocyte, such as slow skeletal troponin T, previously thought to be restricted to fetal or skeletal muscle or those proposed to be limited to non-cardiac cell types (e.g., neuronal proteins) or species (e.g., myosin heavy chain 7b). This suggests an unexpected fluidity in cardiac protein expression. Furthermore, single cell proteomics has provided critical insight into protein-level remodeling in heart failure, where the same single amino acid mutation in a contractile protein can give rise to diverse clinical phenotypes. At the single cell level, the mutant protein dosage in each cell drives a continuum of subproteomic pathological alterations. Only with precise protein quantification at the single cell level, is this understanding possible – all of which hinges on the LC-MS performance.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Jennifer_Van_Eyk_f8641196ff.jpg" alt="ISC: ISC 2026 - Day 1: Single cell proteomics requires robust LC-MS: Unexpected findings bring new biological understanding (Jennifer Van Eyk, USA)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Jennifer_Van_Eyk_f8641196ff.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1066"><h5>18:00 - 18:30 Rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry: From MSI to LC-MS</h5><ul><li>Zoltan Takats, United Kingdom&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) was originally developed for mass spectrometry-guided surgery applications, enabling the direct, real-time analysis of surgical aerosols for in-situ histological identification of tissues in cancer surgery. Coupling the technique with various surgical and non-surgical lasers led to the recognition, that the technique has comparable sensitivity to other, widely used desorption ionisation methods including DESI and MALDI. Laser Ablation REIMS using 3 μm wavelength picosecond lasers was demonstrated to provide sub-cellular resolution metabolic and lipidomic images at 2-5 μm spatial resolution, with clear visualisation of cellular nuclei. The method was subsequently used for regenerative neuroscience and cancer biology applications. The unexpectedly high sensitivity of the method (fg amounts of lipids and metabolites / pixel) encouraged us to attempt using REIMS as an LC-MS ion source. The current commercially available REIMS instrumentation utilises the so-called matrix-assited REIMS technology, involving the co-introduction of a polar solvent (water, acetonitrile or aliphatic alcohols) together with the sample aerosol. The fused droplets containing solvent and soluble components of the aerosol are introduced into the vacuum where they impact a heated (≈900 ºC) surface resulting in their 'rapid evaporation' yielding the detected ion population. In this context, the ionisation matrix was replaced by LC effluent, leading to a fundamentally new way of ionisation. The new technique termed LC-REIMS was characterised using reversed phase LC applications including lipid and metabolite profiling. The new ionisation method was found to exhibit high similarity to sonic spray and related techniques, in spite of the high temperature involved. Analytical sensitivity for complex lipids and amino acids were found to be comparable to those in ESI or APCI, albeit the relative response factors followed markedly different trends. As the technology represents an LC-MS coupling without any requirement for pressurised gas or high voltage, it has significant application potential for field instrumentation including industrial process control or security screening.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Zoltan_Takats_3e0c11a22e.jpg" alt="ISC: ISC 2026 - Day 1: Rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry: From MSI to LC-MS (Zoltan Takats, United Kingdom)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Zoltan_Takats_3e0c11a22e.jpg 129w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1933"><h5>18:30–19:30 Welcome Reception</h5><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Welcome_reception_36bfcb7276.jpg" alt="ISC: ISC 2026 - Day 1: Welcome reception" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Welcome_reception_36bfcb7276.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Welcome_reception_2_4ae69091a6.jpg" alt="ISC: ISC 2026 - Day 1: Welcome reception" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ISC_ISC_2026_Day_1_Welcome_reception_2_4ae69091a6.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067">

ISC 2026 - Day 1

ISC 2026 - Day 2

Article

Events

Science and research

Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

CEITEC

The International Symposium on Chromatography (ISC) represents the oldest conference series focussing on separation science. ISC symposia have been organised since 1956 in each even year. ISC is internationally recognised as one of the premier meeting series for discussion of all modes of chromatography and separation science with a broad coverage of techniques and applications.

International Symposium on Chromatography - (ISC)

Identification of the substance – what is in your sample? (Bioanalytic)

We are able to identify metabolites and products of chemical reactions, contaminants of biological and chemical substances and preparations, and perform profiling of a series of samples to study the kinetics of transformations.

<h4>Substance Identification - Looking for answers to what's in your sample? - we can help you.</h4>Substance identification based on LC-MS/MS techniques can involve single compounds or mixtures of substances. In our analyses, we rely primarily on the knowledge and skills we have acquired after many years of work. For analysis, we use full laboratory facilities for sample preparation and high-resolution mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/o-nas/">equipment</a>).We use different work algorithms depending on the material we are dealing with and the analytical task to be solved. We use DDA (IDA) or DIA (SWATH) methods or targeted approaches (e.g. MRMhr) if we know what to expect. Thus, we are able to identify metabolites and products of chemical reactions, contaminants of biological and chemical substances and preparations, and perform profiling of a series of samples to study the kinetics of transformations.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_2_0f425a648b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the substance – what is in your sample" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_2_0f425a648b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1881" height="1156"><h4>COST OF SERVICE</h4>We determine the cost of the service individually. The final cost is influenced by many factors related to the nature of the sample itself and the client's expectations. Thus, the price depends, among other things, on the complexity of the sample preparation procedure, the scope and number of analyses, etc.The service includes (depending on individual arrangements):<h5>Development of sample preparation procedure</h5><ul><li>Depending on the matrix and test substances.</li></ul><h5>Development of analytical methods</h5><ul><li>Application of high-resolution LC-MS/MS analyses using DDA (IDA) or DIA (SWATH) experiments and software to support the development of targeted screening methods.</li></ul><h5>Analysis of results includes:</h5><ul><li>finding and identifying the substances of interest, interpreting MS/MS spectra and proposing a structural formula.</li><li>Comparative analysis of sample series, e.g. PCA,</li><li>profiling of analytes in sample series</li></ul><h5>Reporting of results</h5><ul><li>Compile results into easy-to-read reports.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_3_c1b8adc1d0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the substance – what is in your sample" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_3_c1b8adc1d0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1919" height="1208">

Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (Bioanalytic)

At LabExperts, proteomic analyses are performed on a ZenoTOF 7600 high-resolution LC-MS/MS system (SCIEX). For MS/MS analyses, we use Collision induced dissociation (CID) and Electron-Activated Dissociation (EAD) fragmentation.

Antibodies are molecules made up of 4 polypeptide chains: two heavy (H - high-chain) linked to each other by a specific type of chemical bond - a disulfide bridge, and two light (L - light-chain) linked by an identical bond to the heavy chains. Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are used in various forms - as free molecules, in the form of a drug-antibody combination, and in the form of an immunoconjugate, a drug-antibody-biopolymer combination.Their main use is in highly specific targeted therapy for cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune and nervous system diseases. They are also used in the treatment of osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease or transplantation. The range of applications of monoclonal antibodies is systematically expanded. The introduction of a new antibody to the market requires complex product characterization, which involves numerous proteomic analyses, which are performed by LC-MS/MS techniques, among others.<h4>LC-MS/MS</h4>The characterization of monoclonal antibodies involves many aspects, including, but not limited to, a suite of analyses related to confirmation of the structure, chain sequence and degree of modification of the antibody. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical changes that occur after the translation process. These changes generally result in an increase in the immunogenicity of the drug. For this reason, it is essential to monitor modifications as critical quality attributes (CQAs) during both the production and storage of the drug. To ensure monitoring of CQA points, the primary structure of the protein is characterized based on peptide mapping (peptide mapping) analysis. The protein under study is subjected to proteolytic digestion using enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, Lys-C, Glu-C. As a result of various proteolytic enzymes, a wide range of peptides is obtained. Ultimately, coverage of the entire sequence of the protein under study is obtained.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1536/947;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_3_d94fa1623b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_3_d94fa1623b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="947"></figure>At LabExperts, proteomic analyses are performed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=ZenoTOF+7600">ZenoTOF 7600</a> high-resolution LC-MS/MS system (SCIEX). For MS/MS analyses, we use Collision induced dissociation (CID) and Electron-Activated Dissociation (EAD) fragmentation. This provides us with data for unambiguous identification of protein-building amino acids. We process the results using Sciex OS, Skyline and Spectronaut software.<blockquote>We perform:<ul><li>Whole protein analyses - Intact - to determine the exact mass and confirm the theoretical mass;</li><li>N-glycosylation profile determination (based on MS spectrum reconstruction):<ul><li>Glycosylated form;</li><li>Deglycosylated;</li><li>Glycosylated with reduced disulfide bridges;</li><li>Deglycosylated with reduced disulfide bridges.</li></ul></li><li>Peptide maps:<ul><li>Protein digestion with various proteases so that sequence coverage is close to 100%<ul><li>Analysis of PTMs:</li><li>Location of modifications</li></ul></li><li>[%] of modifications compared to the unmodified sequence</li></ul></li><li>TiPOS testing - (technical proof of similarity) - technical confirmation of the similarity of the protein synthesized by the customer (from several LOTs) with the target protein (provided as a template).</li></ul>In order to maintain the highest possible analytical standards, we perform monoclonal antibody analyses under the regime of an internally developed and implemented laboratory quality system based on GLP principles.See also our other proteomics services: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/service/identyfikacja-bialek/">Protein identification</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1294">Protein quantitative analysis</a></blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_2_cb93143fe6.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_2_cb93143fe6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="908"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_1_0e8ab7cdfa.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_1_0e8ab7cdfa.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="858">

Determination of nitrosamine content (Bioanalytic)

Our offer includes comprehensive development and validation of methods for determination of nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products. We perform the work according to the criteria and needs of the client based on the EMA note.

Determination of nitrosamines is one of the pharmaceutical industry's top priorities. After the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was first reported in an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) mandated the identification and control of all APIs and finished products in which there is a risk of nitrosamines.The content of nitrosamines in drug products can be controlled primarily by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. More than that, a reliable analysis result in our offer consists of a well-chosen sample preparation procedure, a selective and sensitive analytical method, and the experience of the analyst, who selects the best method parameters at the optimization stage.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_2_ce4f440837.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Determination of nitrosamine content." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_2_ce4f440837.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1024">We have gained experience working with leading pharmaceutical companies. As part of our ongoing work, we have developed analytical methods for small-molecule nitrosamines of 70-150 g/mol. These compounds are mainly formed during manufacturing processes and depend on the presence and type of excipients (e.g. NDBA - N-nitroso-dibutylamine). We have also developed methods for determining molecules with higher nitrosamine drug substance related impurities (NDSRIs). In our work, we focus on achieving the highest possible sensitivity, selectivity and precision. To this end, we individually select the parameters of the methods depending on the composition of the drug and the expected nitrosamines. Due to the above criteria and the required detection limits, we perform nitrosamine impurity determinations using LC-MS/MS kits based on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=QTRAP+5500%2B">QTRAP 5500+</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=QTRAP+6500%2B">QTRAP 6500+</a> mass spectrometers (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=55">SCIEX</a>).<blockquote>Our offerOur offer includes comprehensive development and validation of methods for determination of nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products. We perform the work according to the criteria and needs of the client based on the EMA note.At the stage of sample preparation, we focus on:<ul><li>obtaining the highest possible recovery of nitrosamines (matrix purification);</li><li>limiting additional synthesis of impurities (selection of appropriate equipment and reagents);</li><li>ensuring the stability of the sample prepared for LC-MS/MS analysis.</li></ul>During the optimization of the LC-MS/MS method, we solve such problems as:<ul><li>selection of an appropriate internal standard;</li><li>separation of the impurity from the API;</li><li>obtaining the expected sensitivity of the analytical method.</li></ul>Quantitative analysis of nitrosamines requires sensitivity, precision and accuracy, which we provide to our customers.</blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_1_d629e00e62.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Determination of nitrosamine content." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_1_d629e00e62.jpg 103w," sizes="100vw" width="1130" height="1710">

Watrex application and R&D laboratory

Watrex application and R&D laboratory is providing a range of analyses.

Watrex application and R&amp;D laboratory is providing a range of analyses with special focus in the following fields:<ul><li>Chemical analysis for construction industry</li><li>Environmental analysis</li><li>Sample preparation including online solid-phase extraction protocols</li><li>Development of methods for pharmaceutical analysis</li><li>Characterization of synthetic polymers by GPC</li><li>Column technology and methods for chiral separation</li><li>Parameters evaluation and testing in ion chromatography applications</li></ul><h5>Our ready-to-go tests include:</h5><ul><li>Analysis of carbohydrates</li><li>Characterization of polymers</li><li>Analysis of organic acids</li><li>Construction analysis</li><li>Analysis of ions, pH and water hardness</li></ul>

ECOM PREPBOX A3L8E Chromatography Separation System

PREPBOX is a compact alternative to modular preparative systems. It is assembled according to the customer's wishes.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">Complete preparative modular system with one basic gradient pump and optionally secondary pump for repetitive sampling or with injection valve. Also switching valve for&nbsp;<abbr title="Countercurrent Chromatography">CCC</abbr> applications. PDA four channel detector up to 800&nbsp;nm.&nbsp;It is assembled according to the customer's wishes. It is used for high-capacity systems or with centrifugal chromatography systems like in pharmaceutical purification of cannabis extracts (<abbr title="Cannabidiol">CBD</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabinol">CBN</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabigerol">CBG</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabichromene">CBC</abbr>, <abbr title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</abbr>...).ECOMAC SW installed at internal PC controls the system. Fractions are collected by means of&nbsp;10 position valve&nbsp; It is necessary to purchase an operating system for the PREPBOX&nbsp;- in most cases we recommend Windows OS&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;ABB90000) or Linux&nbsp;(on request). The system also supports the Clarity software. It is also possible to purchase a wireless mouse and keyboard set&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0028) and a computer monitor&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0027).<h5>TOY18DAD 800L Detector</h5>It is UV-VIS diode array detector, which allow measuring absorbance of four wavelengths in range of 200-800&nbsp;nm simultaneously in one cell just as scanning of whole spectra.<h5>ECP201L Preparative HPLC Pump</h5>Preparative pump suited for preparative liquid chromatography with very high pressure up to 15&nbsp;MPa&nbsp;at flow rate of 1000&nbsp;ml/min. Advantage of this pump is a very stable run even at low flow rates.<h5>ECP2300 Preparative Gradient Pump</h5>Preparative HPLC pump suited for&nbsp;preparative&nbsp;applications in liquid chromatography with a pressure up to 15 MPa at flow rate of 300&nbsp;ml/min.&nbsp;New sophisticated unit allows achieving a precise&nbsp;low-pressure gradient, i.e. gradual changes of solvent composition by mixing&nbsp;up to four liquids&nbsp;at the pump entry.<h3>Parameters</h3><ul><li>Interface: 5x USB, HDMI, 2X RS232, LAN, VGA</li><li>Power supply: 100 - 240 V AC</li><li>Power input: 490 W</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D: 405x490x525 mm (15.94x19.29x20.67 in)</li><li>Weight: 55 kg</li></ul></div>

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">Complete preparative modular system with one basic gradient pump and optionally secondary pump for repetitive sampling or with injection valve. Also switching valve for&nbsp;<abbr title="Countercurrent Chromatography">CCC</abbr> applications. PDA four channel detector up to 800&nbsp;nm.&nbsp;It is assembled according to the customer's wishes. It is used for high-capacity systems or with centrifugal chromatography systems like in pharmaceutical purification of cannabis extracts (<abbr title="Cannabidiol">CBD</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabinol">CBN</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabigerol">CBG</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabichromene">CBC</abbr>, <abbr title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</abbr>...).ECOMAC SW installed at internal PC controls the system. Fractions are collected by means of&nbsp;10 position valve&nbsp; It is necessary to purchase an operating system for the PREPBOX&nbsp;- in most cases we recommend Windows OS&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;ABB90000) or Linux&nbsp;(on request). The system also supports the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity software</a>. It is also possible to purchase a wireless mouse and keyboard set&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0028) and a computer monitor&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0027).<h5>TOY18DAD 800L Detector</h5>It is UV-VIS diode array detector, which allow measuring absorbance of four wavelengths in range of 200-800&nbsp;nm simultaneously in one cell just as scanning of whole spectra.<h5>ECP2300 Preparative Gradient Pump</h5>Two peparative HPLC pump suited for&nbsp;preparative&nbsp;applications in liquid chromatography with a pressure up to 15 MPa at flow rate of 300&nbsp;ml/min.&nbsp;New sophisticated unit allows achieving a precise&nbsp;low-pressure gradient, i.e. gradual changes of solvent composition by mixing&nbsp;up to four liquids&nbsp;at the pump entry.<h4>Complete preparative modular system with:</h4><ul><li>one basic gradient pump</li><li>for sampling secondary pump or injection valve</li><li>optionally switching valve for CCC</li><li>PDA detector up to 800 nm</li><li>10 positions valve for fractions collecting</li><li>PC board with ECOMAC SW</li></ul><h3>Parameters</h3><ul><li>Interface: 5x USB, HDMI, 2X RS232, LAN, VGA</li><li>Power supply: 100 - 240 V AC</li><li>Power input: 4900 W</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D: 405x490x525 mm (15.94x19.29x20.67 in)</li><li>Weight: 50 kg</li></ul></div>

Thermo Scientific LCQUAN Quantitative Software

LCQUAN is a robust, 21 CFR Part 11-compliant software for LC-MS/MS bioanalysis, providing complete tools for data acquisition, review, and secure management in drug development workflows.

<h4>21 CFR Part 11-compliant software for quantitative LC-MS/MS data acquisition and management</h4>Thermo Scientific™ LCQUAN™ quantitative software is a robust, regulatory-compliant data system tailored for bioanalytical laboratories conducting LC-MS/MS assays. Developed in close collaboration with pharmaceutical industry experts, LCQUAN provides all the tools needed to acquire, process, review, and securely manage quantitative data across global drug development workflows.<h3>Key Features</h3><h4>Regulatory Compliance</h4><ul><li>Fully compliant with FDA 21 CFR Part 11 requirements for electronic records and signatures</li><li>Enables secure submission of electronic documents to regulatory agencies, including the FDA</li></ul><h4>Comprehensive Workflow</h4><ul><li>Guides users step-by-step through acquisition, method development, data review, processing, reporting, and export</li><li>Supports import of sequence information from external systems</li><li>Streamlines interaction with Thermo Scientific™ Watson LIMS™ for GLP-compliant bioanalytical studies</li></ul><h4>Secure Data Management</h4><ul><li>Enables data processing on networked systems, including secure remote disks</li><li>Centralized, workbook-style data storage for easy archiving and retrieval</li><li>Multi-level user privileges—from full system access to read-only modes</li></ul><h4>Seamless LIMS Integration</h4><ul><li>Bi-directional communication with Watson LIMS facilitates study tracking, chromatogram review, auditing, and compliance</li><li>Optimized for regulated pharmaceutical workflows from discovery through clinical trials</li></ul><h4>Proven Platform</h4><ul><li>Part of an integrated Thermo Scientific LC-MS/MS solution suite, including TSQ Series mass spectrometers and FAIMS interface technology</li><li>Ensures high sensitivity, robustness, and reproducibility for regulated bioanalytical assays</li></ul>

Blind common anabolic steroid screening – oils

Blind HPLC screening of common anabolic steroids in oil-based samples. The analysis identifies and quantifies all detected target compounds, including mixtures.

The Blind Common Anabolic Steroid Screening – Oils is a comprehensive laboratory analysis designed to identify and quantify commonly encountered anabolic-androgenic steroids in oil-based samples.Because this is a blind analysis, there is no need to specify which substance is expected in the sample. The analysis screens for all target compounds listed below and identifies and quantifies every detected substance, including samples containing mixtures of multiple compounds.<h4>About the Target Compounds</h4>Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone or structurally related steroid hormones. They interact with androgen receptors and produce both anabolic effects, associated with tissue and muscle growth, and androgenic effects.The analysis covers several esterified forms of testosterone, trenbolone, nandrolone, drostanolone, methenolone, and boldenone, as well as testosterone undecanoate, methyltestosterone, trestolone acetate, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).Esterification influences properties such as solubility and the rate at which a steroid is released after administration. Different ester forms of the same steroid may therefore differ in their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Blind screening with no need to declare the expected compound</li><li>Identification and quantification of common anabolic steroids in oil-based samples</li><li>Detection of mixtures containing multiple target compounds</li><li>Broad range of steroid bases and esterified compounds</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results reported in mg/mL</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 0.5–1 mL of oil</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compounds: testosterone propionate, testosterone phenylpropionate, testosterone isocaproate, testosterone enanthate, testosterone cypionate, testosterone decanoate, testosterone undecanoate, methyltestosterone, trenbolone acetate, trenbolone enanthate, trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate, trestolone acetate, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), nandrolone phenylpropionate, nandrolone cypionate, nandrolone decanoate, drostanolone propionate, drostanolone enanthate, dihydroboldenone cypionate, methenolone enanthate, boldenone acetate, boldenone cypionate, and boldenone undecylenate</li><li>Other common names and brand names: Sustanon, Test E, Test C, Deca, Tren, Parabolan, MENT, NPP, Masteron, Masteron Propionate, Mast P, Masteron Enanthate, Mast E, Primobolan, Primo E, BU, Equipoise, EQ, and Parenabol</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit cutoff:&nbsp;<ul><li>15 mg/mL</li><li>drostanolone propionate and drostanolone enanthate: 25 mg/mL</li></ul></li><li>Result format: mg/mL</li><li>Minimum sample amount: 0.5–1 mL of oil</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice: The standard detection cutoff is 15 mg/mL. For drostanolone propionate and drostanolone enanthate, the cutoff is 25 mg/mL. Target compounds present below these levels may not be reliably detected or quantified within the standard scope of the analysis.</blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Benzyl Alcohol and Benzyl Benzoate Testing</li><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing (TAMC and TYMC)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

DHT enanthate analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of DHT enanthate in oil-based samples and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content in mg/mL or percentage.

The DHT Enanthate Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of dihydrotestosterone enanthate in oil-based samples and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis specifically targets DHT enanthate. Samples expected to contain non-esterified DHT should instead be submitted for the appropriate blind common anabolic steroid screening for <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2478">oils </a>or<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2476"> raw API powders</a>.<h4>About DHT Enanthate</h4>DHT enanthate, also known as dihydrotestosterone heptanoate, is an esterified form of DHT designed for slower release and potentially prolonged activity. The enanthate group increases the compound’s lipophilicity. After release, DHT activates androgen receptors and, unlike testosterone, cannot be converted into estradiol by aromatase.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of DHT enanthate</li><li>Suitable for oil-based samples and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oil samples reported in mg/mL</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional mass-by-mass purity reporting for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 0.5–1 mL for oil samples</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: DHT enanthate</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit cutoff: 15 mg/mL</li><li>Result format for oil samples: mg/mL</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oil samples: 0.5–1 mL</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice: This analysis is intended specifically for DHT enanthate. It is not designed for the analysis of non-esterified DHT.</blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Benzyl Alcohol and Benzyl Benzoate Testing</li><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Mass-by-Mass Purity - only for raw API powders</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing (TAMC and TYMC)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Epistane analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of epistane in tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content in mg per unit or as a percentage.

The Epistane Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of epistane in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.&nbsp;The analysis is suitable for tablets and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per individual dosage unit. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About Epistane</h4>Epistane, also known as methylepitiostanol or 2,3-thioepoxy madol, is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid structurally related to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It is a 17α-methylated derivative of epitiostanol and interacts with androgen receptors, producing anabolic and androgenic effects.Epistane has been identified in products marketed as dietary or performance-enhancing supplements. Scientific studies have also associated its use with a risk of liver injury, including cholestasis.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of epistane</li><li>Suitable for tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Epistane</li><li>Other names: Hemapolin, 2,3-thioepoxy madol</li><li>CAS number: 4267-80-5</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 4 mg per tablet / capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 10%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: 3 tablets / capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) - only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Products - page 13

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