Czech researchers from Charles University, Prague, led by Pavla Eliášová, have developed an advanced photocathode that helps convert the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide into pure ethanol using sunlight. The new technology solves a long-standing problem of material degradation in water, achieves record conversion efficiency, and opens the way toward sustainable production of green fuels.Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into useful fuels using solar energy represents the holy grail of modern green chemistry. The device enabling this conversion is called a solar reactor. Its key element is a photocathode: a material that absorbs light and enables the chemical reaction. Cuprous oxide long appeared to be an ideal material because it is inexpensive, readily available, and excels at capturing solar rays. In practice, however, it faced a fundamental obstacle: in an aqueous environment under light, it transforms and degrades extremely rapidly—much like iron undergoing swift corrosion—and loses its functionality within just tens of minutes.The team from the Chemistry Section of the Faculty of Science, CU, led by Pavla Eliášová, in collaboration with Tomáš Hrbek from the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, CU, resolved this issue by creating a unique "nano-sandwich". The scientists combined cuprous oxide with advanced two-dimensional materials called MXenes and, through precisely controlled heating, created an ultrathin layer of titanium dioxide on their surface. MXene modified in this way can rapidly drain electric charge from the cuprous oxide, thereby slowing down its decomposition. At the same time, it uses the charge further to convert carbon dioxide into liquid fuel."Surface-engineered MXene combined with cuprous oxide allowed us to unite the best of both materials. The copper base enables maximum utilization of light energy, while the conductive MXene framework ensures that the material remains active even after many hours of operation," explains research team leader Pavla Eliášová from the Chemistry Section of the Faculty of Science, Charles University.In laboratory tests, the new photocathode achieved a record solar-energy-to-ethanol conversion efficiency of 2,74 %. A crucial improvement is the formation of only a single product. While other systems often produce a mixture of byproducts, the material designed by the research team produces pure ethanol as its sole liquid product, which significantly simplifies its potential industrial application."This is a major step forward for us. On our laboratory scale, the system works very well and produces ethanol over many hours. In the next step, we want to further reinforce the stability of the entire photocathode and begin testing on a larger scale and under real daylight conditions," adds physical chemist Pavla Eliášová.The research was conducted within the international European project DESIRED (Horizon Europe), with support from the Charles University Research Centre (UNCE) and the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science program.<blockquote><h4>Article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.71469">Surface-Engineered Ti3C2Tx MXene/Cu2O Photocathodes for Highly Selective Photoelectrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol</a></h4>Luis A. M. Carrascosa, Magdaléna Linková, Monika Remzová, Tomáš Hrbek, Pavla EliášováAdv. Energy Mater., 2026, 16, e71469<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.71469">https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.71469</a><h6>licenced under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Cu2O is an inexpensive p-type semiconductor that promotes the photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (PEC CO2RR). While its low bandgap enables photoexcitation by visible light, long-term stability remains limited due to quick charge recombination and photocorrosion. Here, we enhanced charge separation and extraction by combining Cu2O with surface-engineered MXenes. In this novel architecture, TiO2 grows in situ on the surface of Ti3C2Tx and serves as a charge-transport layer, forming a junction with Cu2O. On the other side, the outer TiO2 surface exposed to the CO2-saturated electrolyte offers catalytically active sites for CO2 reduction. Acting as a central layer, the MXene conductive backbone provides an electronically continuous pathway for electron transport. In PEC CO2RR, the photocathode containing 50 wt.% of MXene and a balanced amount of TiO2 on the Ti3C2 surface outperformed the best Cu/CuxO-based systems operating in non-organic electrolytes reported in the literature. The FTO/Cu2O/ml-Ti3C2Tx-350-N2 photocathode reached 8.4&nbsp;µmol&nbsp;cm−2 h−1 ethanol production rate and 2.74% solar-to-ethanol efficiency after 2&nbsp;h. Moreover, pairing TiO2-MXene with Cu2O significantly stabilized the photocathode, which maintained 76% of the ethanol production rate after 6 h. Overall, our results establish surface-engineered Cu2O/TiO2-MXene heterostructures as a solid platform for highly selective, visible-light-driven ethanol production with significantly improved operational stability.

Researchers from Charles University, Prague, Have Developed a New Photocathode for Efficient Conversion of CO2 into Ethanol

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Linde REDLINE Pressure Regulators C 200/1 & C 200/2

REDLINE C 200 pressure regulators provide precise and stable gas control up to 6.0 purity, ideal for laboratory, analytical, and research applications.

The REDLINE C 200 series pressure regulators (models C 200/1 single-stage and C 200/2 dual-stage) are designed for precise control of non-corrosive gases with purity levels up to 6.0 (99.9999%), as well as gas mixtures containing low concentrations of corrosive components.These regulators ensure excellent pressure stability, high accuracy, and preservation of gas purity, making them ideal for demanding laboratory, analytical, and research applications.The C 200/1 single-stage version is suitable for applications with stable inlet pressure, such as gases supplied in liquid phase. The C 200/2 dual-stage version is specifically designed for systems where inlet pressure fluctuates, ensuring highly stable outlet pressure even under changing conditions.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>High precision pressure regulation for analytical applications</li><li>Suitable for high-purity gases up to grade 6.0 (99.9999%)</li><li>Excellent outlet pressure stability (especially dual-stage version)</li><li>Designed to maintain gas purity and minimize contamination</li><li>Wide range of configurable outlet pressure ranges</li><li>Flexible configuration with multiple valve and purging options</li><li>Robust and reliable design for laboratory and R&amp;D environments</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Inlet pressure: up to 230 bar</li><li>Outlet pressure ranges:<ul><li>C 200/1 (single-stage): 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 / 16 / 28 / 35 / 50 / 100 / 200 bar</li><li>C 200/2 (dual-stage): 1 / 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 bar</li></ul></li><li>Gas compatibility:<ul><li>Non-corrosive gases up to purity 6.0</li><li>Gas mixtures with low corrosive content</li></ul></li><li>Inlet connections:<ul><li>According to DIN 477 and gas specification</li></ul></li><li>Outlet connections:<ul><li>Compression fittings</li><li>Hose nozzles</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Available Configurations</h4><h5>Models</h5><ul><li>C 200/1 (Single-stage) Designed for applications with stable inlet pressure</li><li>C 200/2 (Dual-stage) Designed for fluctuating inlet pressure with maximum outlet stability</li></ul><h4>Optional Equipment</h4><ul><li>Shut-off valve (Type A)</li><li>Needle valve (Type B)</li><li>High-pressure side purge (Type P)</li><li>Inert/external gas purge (Type TP)</li><li>Purge manifold (Type EP)</li><li>Post-purge (Type DP – available only for C 200/2)</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Laboratory gas supply systems</li><li>Analytical instrumentation (e.g., GC, LC, MS workflows)</li><li>Research and development environments</li><li>High-purity gas distribution systems</li><li>Any application requiring stable pressure and contamination-free gas delivery</li></ul>

Linde REDLINE Pressure Regulators C 300/1 & C 300/2

REDLINE C 300 pressure regulators provide precise and stable gas control up to 6.0 purity, ensuring reliability for laboratory, analytical, and research applications.

The REDLINE C 300 series pressure regulators (models C 300/1 single-stage and C 300/2 dual-stage) are designed for precise control of non-corrosive gases with purity levels up to 6.0 (99.9999%), as well as gas mixtures containing low concentrations of corrosive components.Thanks to their robust design and high-quality manufacturing, these regulators provide excellent pressure stability, accuracy, and long-term reliability. They are particularly well suited for demanding laboratory, analytical, and research applications where maintaining gas purity and consistent pressure is critical.The C 300/1 single-stage regulator is recommended for applications with relatively stable inlet pressure, such as gases supplied in liquid phase. The C 300/2 dual-stage version is intended for systems with fluctuating inlet pressure, ensuring highly stable outlet pressure and improved control under varying operating conditions.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Precise and stable pressure regulation for analytical workflows</li><li>Compatible with high-purity gases up to grade 6.0 (99.9999%)</li><li>Dual-stage version provides superior outlet pressure stability</li><li>Designed to maintain gas purity and minimize contamination risks</li><li>Wide range of adjustable outlet pressure settings</li><li>Modular design with multiple optional valve and purge configurations</li><li>High reliability for continuous laboratory and R&amp;D operation</li></ul><h4>Technical Specifications</h4><ul><li>Inlet pressure: up to 300 bar</li><li>Outlet pressure ranges:<ul><li>C 300/1 (single-stage): 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 / 16 / 28 / 35 / 50 / 100 / 200 bar</li><li>C 300/2 (dual-stage): 1 / 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 bar</li></ul></li><li>Gas compatibility:<ul><li>Non-corrosive gases up to purity 6.0</li><li>Gas mixtures with low corrosive content</li></ul></li><li>Inlet connections:<ul><li>According to DIN 477 and gas specification</li></ul></li><li>Outlet connections:<ul><li>Compression fittings</li><li>Hose nozzles</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Available Configurations</h4><h5>Models</h5><ul><li>C 300/1 (Single-stage) Designed for applications with stable inlet pressure</li><li>C 300/2 (Dual-stage) Designed for fluctuating inlet pressure with maximum outlet pressure stability</li></ul><h4>Optional Equipment</h4><ul><li>Shut-off valve (Type A)</li><li>Needle valve (Type B)</li><li>High-pressure side purge (Type P)</li><li>Inert gas purge (Type TP)</li><li>Purge manifold (Type EP)</li><li>Post-purge (Type DP – available only for C 300/2)</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Analytical instrumentation (e.g., GC, LC, MS systems)</li><li>Laboratory gas supply systems</li><li>Research and development environments</li><li>High-purity gas distribution systems</li><li>Applications requiring precise pressure control and contamination-free gas delivery</li></ul>

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Equip Your Laboratory for Autumn at a Better Price

Researchers from Charles University, Prague, Have Developed a New Photocathode for Efficient Conversion of CO2 into Ethanol

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 42, 2026