Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are where so much of biology’s complexity lives, but they are also some of the hardest molecular features to analyze with confidence. Phosphorylation, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) often occur at low abundance, can be highly labile, and frequently require precise site localization to understand their biological meaning. This<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_004377_ov_phosphorylation_ptm_etd_excedion_pro_tn004377_na_en_71f681655f.pdf"> technical note </a>shows how the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1958">Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Excedion Pro Hybrid Mass Spectrometer</a> helps address those challenges by combining fast, sensitive performance with complementary <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/7217">HCD and EThcD fragmentation</a> workflows.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Phosphorylation_ADMA_and_O_Glc_N_Ac_Analysis_on_the_Orbitrap_Excedion_Pro_Mass_Spectrometer_d24a5de98e.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Phosphorylation, ADMA, and O-GlcNAc Analysis on the Orbitrap Excedion Pro Mass Spectrometer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Phosphorylation_ADMA_and_O_Glc_N_Ac_Analysis_on_the_Orbitrap_Excedion_Pro_Mass_Spectrometer_d24a5de98e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="512">Using enriched PTM samples and automated data-dependent acquisition, the study demonstrates that the Orbitrap Excedion Pro MS can deliver both depth and confidence across multiple PTM classes. For phosphorylation analysis, the platform identified 5,892 unique phosphosites from IMAC-enriched samples and 2,941 unique phosphotyrosine sites after phosphotyrosine enrichment, highlighting strong performance for both broad and highly targeted signaling studies. Just as importantly, the data show that HCD and EThcD provide complementary value, with each fragmentation method contributing unique site identifications and helping resolve ambiguous assignments.The note also highlights the value of EThcD for more analytically demanding PTMs. In ADMA-enriched samples, EThcD delivered more ADMA peptide-spectrum matches and more unique modified peptides than HCD, supporting improved confidence in site characterization. For O-glycopeptides, the Orbitrap Excedion Pro MS uses an intelligent HCD-product-dependent-EThcD strategy that triggers EThcD only when oxonium ions are detected, improving productivity while preserving the fragmentation detail needed for confident glycosite localization.Overall, this technical note shows how Orbitrap Excedion Pro MS enables researchers to go deeper into PTM biology with greater sensitivity, better site confidence, and smarter acquisition. For scientists studying signaling, regulation, and disease mechanisms, it presents a powerful approach for expanding PTM coverage without compromising analytical rigor.<blockquote><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_004377_ov_phosphorylation_ptm_etd_excedion_pro_tn004377_na_en_71f681655f.pdf">Download the technical note "Advancing phosphorylation, ADMA, and O-GlcNAc PTM analysis with HCD and EThcD on the Orbitrap Excedion Pro mass spectrometer"</a></h5></blockquote>Visit us on&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a>&nbsp;#PTM #OrbitrapExcedionPro #glycosylation #phosphorylation

Phosphorylation, ADMA, and O-GlcNAc Analysis on the Orbitrap Excedion Pro Mass Spectrometer

<h3>Refractive Index (RI) Detection in HPLC – Making Invisible Compounds Visible</h3>When HPLC detectors are discussed, UV-Vis absorbance detection is often the first technique that comes to mind. Its popularity is easy to understand: it is sensitive, selective, and suitable for a wide range of compounds. But what happens when the analyte does not absorb ultraviolet or visible light?This is where the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/2429">Refractive Index Detector (RID)</a> becomes particularly useful. Reliable, versatile, and often described as a “universal detector” for HPLC, RI detection can reveal compounds that remain invisible to many optical detectors. For substances such as sugars, polymers, lipids, or alcohols, it is often an important analytical option.Let’s look at how RI detection works, where it performs best, what its main limitations are, and how to achieve stable, reproducible results.<h4>How RI Detection Works</h4>When light passes from one medium into another, its path changes direction, or refracts, depending on the phase velocity and angle of incidence. This phenomenon is described by Snell’s law, with the extent of refraction determined by the refractive index (RI) of the medium (Figure 1).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Figure_1_Refraction_of_light_at_the_interface_between_two_media_with_different_refractive_indices_baa4aad28c.webp" alt="KNAUER: Figure 1: Refraction of light at the interface between two media with different refractive indices, where n₁ &gt; n₂. Since the velocity is lower in the second medium (v₂ &lt; v₁), the angle of refraction α₂ is less than the angle of incidence α₁." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Figure_1_Refraction_of_light_at_the_interface_between_two_media_with_different_refractive_indices_baa4aad28c.webp 238w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="670">In HPLC, an RI detector monitors small changes in the refractive index of the mobile phase as compounds elute from the column. Because each substance has its own refractive index, even relatively small changes in the composition of the column effluent can generate a measurable response.Modern RI detectors generally use a differential optical design (Figure 2). Two optical paths are continuously compared: one passes through a reference cell containing pure mobile phase, while the other passes through a sample cell containing the column effluent, i.e. mobile phase plus analyte.A light source, commonly an LED or tungsten lamp, illuminates both cells. Changes in refractive index alter the path of the light, and a photodiode detects the resulting deviation.When only mobile phase is present, the two optical paths are effectively identical and no significant detector response is produced. As an analyte enters the sample cell, however, the refractive index changes. The light beam is slightly deflected, creating an optical imbalance and consequently a change in light intensity.The detector converts this change into an electrical signal, which appears as a chromatographic peak. Because the response is related to analyte concentration, RI detection can also be used for quantitative analysis.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Figure_2_Schematic_of_a_differential_RI_detector_with_dual_flow_cell_6299f55b17.webp" alt="KNAUER: Figure 2: Schematic of a differential RI detector with dual flow cell. The sample cell carries column effluent; the reference cell contains pure mobile phase. A light beam passes through both and forms a slit image on a photodiode. Any analyte-induced change in refractive index alters the beam’s path, shifting the image on the photodiode and generating a signal peak." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Figure_2_Schematic_of_a_differential_RI_detector_with_dual_flow_cell_6299f55b17.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="524">For reliable measurements, the reference cell must always contain the same mobile phase as the sample cell, but without analyte. It therefore needs to be refreshed regularly with clean mobile phase, commonly using a switching valve and/or T-piece (Figure 3).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Figure_3_Flow_path_in_the_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_during_analysis_left_and_flushing_right_e6bc30acef.webp" alt="KNAUER: Figure 3: Flow path in the AZURA® RID 2.1L during analysis (left) and flushing (right). During analysis, solvent flows from the IN port through the heat exchanger and sample cell, then continues through the T piece and flush valve to the OUT port. During flushing, the valve redirects the flow through the T piece so the solvent passes a second heat exchanger and reference cell before exiting via the OUT port." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Figure_3_Flow_path_in_the_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_during_analysis_left_and_flushing_right_e6bc30acef.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="410">It is important to remember that refractive index depends on both light wavelength and medium density. The wavelength is fixed by the optical design of the detector, but density—and therefore refractive index—changes with temperature, pressure, and composition.For this reason, RI detection is particularly sensitive to changes in operating conditions. Stable measurements depend heavily on maintaining a tightly controlled analytical environment.<h4>Why Choose RI Detection?</h4>RI detectors become especially valuable when other detector types cannot provide a useful response. They may be less sophisticated than some modern detection technologies, but several characteristics make them indispensable for particular applications.<h5>Broad Applicability</h5>An RID can detect virtually any compound that produces a change in the refractive index of the mobile phase. No UV-absorbing chromophore is required.Because almost every dissolved substance changes refractive index to some degree, RI detection is commonly regarded as a universal detection technique. Typical analytes include sugars, alcohols, lipids, fatty acids, and polymers.<h5>Non-Destructive Detection</h5>RI measurement does not destroy the analyte. This makes it useful in workflows where the separated compound needs to be collected or analyzed further, including preparative chromatography.KNAUER’s <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://store.knauer.net/shop/add38-azura-r-rid-2-1l-highflow-preparative-refractive-index-detector-62927?category=75">AZURA® RID 2.1L for preparative applications</a>, for example, supports flow rates up to 100 mL/min.<h5>Simple and Reliable Operation</h5>RI detectors are suitable for aqueous and many organic mobile phases as long as the solvent composition remains constant.Under stable isocratic conditions, they are relatively straightforward to use, robust, and require comparatively little maintenance.<h5>Direct Detection Without Derivatization</h5>Analytes do not need to be derivatized or labelled before RI detection. If a compound is soluble in the mobile phase and produces a sufficient difference in refractive index, it can be detected directly.This simplifies sample preparation and reduces additional handling steps that could introduce variability or error.These characteristics make RI detection particularly attractive for routine applications such as lactose determination in milk or polymer purity testing.<h5>Limitations of RI Detection</h5>Universal detection comes with several practical compromises. RI detectors require highly stable conditions and can be considerably more sensitive to environmental and system changes than other common HPLC detectors.<h5>High Temperature Sensitivity</h5>Refractive index is strongly influenced by temperature. For aqueous solvents, the change in refractive index with temperature is approximately dn/dT ≈ 10⁻⁴/°C.Even small temperature fluctuations can therefore produce baseline drift that may be larger than the analytical signal itself.Modern RI detectors use thermostated compartments and heat exchangers to stabilize the temperature of the flow cell. This improves accuracy and reproducibility, although the heat exchangers introduce additional system volume that can contribute to peak broadening compared with UV detection.<h5>Limited Compatibility With Gradient Elution</h5>RI detection is essentially restricted to isocratic chromatography.Changing the composition of the mobile phase during a gradient produces a much larger change in refractive index than the analyte itself. The resulting baseline shift can easily overwhelm chromatographic peaks.A stable RI baseline therefore requires the sample and reference cells to contain the same mobile-phase composition throughout the analysis.<h5>Lower Sensitivity</h5>Compared with UV detection, RI detection is generally about one to two orders of magnitude less sensitive.Typical detection limits are in the µg–mg/mL range, making RID less suitable for trace-level analysis or impurity profiling.<h5>Limited Pressure Tolerance</h5>RI flow cells can tolerate only moderate backpressure. When several detectors are connected in series, the RI detector should therefore normally be positioned last.<h5>Longer Equilibration</h5>RID systems require time to reach thermal and optical stability. Warm-up and equilibration can take hours before a sufficiently stable baseline is obtained.<h5>Sensitivity to Baseline Disturbances</h5>Because the detector responds to any change in refractive index, many factors can affect the baseline.Temperature fluctuations, unstable flow or pressure, pump pulsation, air bubbles, inadequate solvent mixing, and impurities in the mobile phase can all lead to noise, drift, or false signals.Clean operation and stable system conditions are therefore essential.<h4>How to Get the Best Performance From an RI Detector</h4>Successful RI detection can largely be summarized in one word: stability.Small variations in temperature, flow, solvent composition, or pressure can quickly become visible in the chromatographic baseline. Careful system preparation and handling can therefore make a major difference.<h5>Maintain a Stable Temperature</h5>Thermal equilibration should be one of the first priorities.Allow the detector, column, and mobile phase to equilibrate fully before beginning analysis, ideally for at least 60 minutes. A column oven can help maintain stable conditions, and the column and detector should be operated at the same temperature whenever possible.Environmental influences such as direct sunlight, air currents, or day-to-night laboratory temperature fluctuations should also be minimized.<h5>Use Isocratic Methods</h5>Keep the mobile-phase composition constant throughout the run.If the separation requires gradient elution, an RI detector is generally not the appropriate choice.<h5>Degas the Mobile Phase and Keep the System Clean</h5>Use well-degassed, particle-free mobile phases and make sure the LC system is properly primed.An in-line degasser can help prevent bubble formation. Tubing, solvent reservoirs, and the entire flow path should also be kept clean because even small bubbles or contaminants can generate spikes, noise, or other baseline disturbances.<h5>Match the Sample Solvent Carefully</h5>Whenever possible, prepare samples directly in the mobile phase or in a solvent with very similar composition.Large differences between the injection solvent and mobile phase can produce strong refractive-index disturbances around the void volume.Filtering samples also helps reduce the risk of blockages and protects the detector flow cell.<h5>Keep Flow and Pressure Stable</h5>Maintain a constant flow rate and avoid abrupt pressure changes, excessive pump pulsation, or leaks.A restriction capillary or back-pressure regulator positioned after the flow cell may help stabilize pressure, although these measures cannot compensate for noise caused by a poorly performing pump.<h5>Maintenance and Practical Considerations</h5>Flush the reference cell regularly with fresh mobile phase. The mobile phase itself should also be replaced periodically to reduce microbial growth or compositional changes caused by evaporation.When changing solvent systems, flush the instrument with mutually miscible solvents and allow sufficient time for the new system to equilibrate fully.Where appropriate, mobile-phase recycling or a low-flow standby mode can help reduce solvent consumption and shorten restart times between analytical sequences.<blockquote>👉 Pro Tip: Keep an eye on the baseline. A stable baseline is one of the best signs that the RID has equilibrated properly. Negative peaks are not necessarily an error—they simply indicate that the analyte has a lower refractive index than the mobile phase.</blockquote><h5>The Bottom Line</h5>With careful control of temperature, mobile-phase composition, pressure, and cleanliness, an RI detector can provide stable baselines and consistent quantitative data.Keep the system clean, maintain constant operating conditions, and allow sufficient equilibration time, and even this demanding HPLC “diva” can deliver highly reliable results.<h4>Typical Applications: Where RI Detection Performs Best</h4>RI detection is particularly useful for substances that do not absorb UV light strongly and therefore cannot be detected effectively using conventional UV/VIS detectors.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AI_Figure_4_Common_uses_of_RI_detection_in_HPLC_d84d8458dc.webp" alt="KNAUER / AI: Figure 4: Common uses of RI detection in HPLC" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AI_Figure_4_Common_uses_of_RI_detection_in_HPLC_d84d8458dc.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="433">Typical analytes include sugars, alcohols, fatty acids, polymers, lipids, and other small organic molecules without strong chromophores.<h5>Some common application areas include:</h5><ul><li>Carbohydrate and sugar analysis, including determination of glucose, fructose, sucrose, or lactose in food and beverages. HPLC-RI has been used for <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/VFD_0195_sec_for_fingerprint_analysis_of_gummy_candies_ce5349cd95.pdf">product quality control of gummy candies</a>, with further discussion available in this <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/article/7186">related blog post</a>.</li><li>KNAUER’s AZURA® RID 2.1L has also been used for the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/VFD_0194_d497a35278.pdf">simultaneous determination of sugars and organic acids in wine</a>, an application explored further in the article <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.knauer.net/blog/blog-9/the-hidden-science-in-your-glass-147">“The hidden science in your glass”</a>.</li><li>Polymer and macromolecule characterization in GPC/SEC applications, for example when determining molecular-weight distributions. Examples include <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/4czsecf32d70a6d2yugpojtljg8rvp4vd4ur_05660bfad3.pdf">optimization of molecular-weight determination with the KNAUER AZURA® GPC/SEC system</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/qpwsk0igeqca8b5bqunbjjqnwum09tucb83s_cc4dbbcec9.pdf">analysis of mucin proteins using an AZURA® SEC System</a>.</li><li>Bioprocessing, including monitoring fermentation products such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/VBS_0079_Characterization_of_fructans_in_fermentation_products_with_sec_bc8f294f0e.pdf">fructans</a>.</li><li>Pharmaceutical applications, for example analysis of excipients such as sugars and polyols, as well as identity and purity testing of APIs. Dextranes, which are used as carrier materials in pharmaceuticals and as thickening or moisturizing agents in cosmetics, can be <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/h2oikq51kfvn6ebxij6hs88pxupstfgdqfyd_3e4f29d933.pdf">characterized by SEC</a>, as their properties depend strongly on molecular-weight distribution.</li><li>Lipid and surfactant analysis for formulation development and quality control.</li><li>Environmental analysis, including determination of selected organic and inorganic impurities in water samples.</li></ul>Overall, RI detection works best for analytes that are soluble, stable in solution, and compatible with straightforward isocratic separation conditions.It is not the preferred solution for trace analysis, gradient chromatography, or workflows requiring direct MS coupling. Nevertheless, it remains a practical and dependable option for compounds that are difficult or impossible to monitor using UV or fluorescence detection.<h4>Final Thoughts: A Detector That Still Deserves Attention</h4>As analytical laboratories adopt increasingly sophisticated detection technologies, refractive index detection can appear relatively simple. Yet for many applications, that simplicity is exactly its strength.For analytes such as sugars, alcohols, polymers, and other compounds without strong UV absorption, RID offers a direct, reliable, and non-destructive method of detection.Its greatest challenges are its sensitivity to temperature and its incompatibility with gradient elution. Under carefully controlled isocratic conditions, however, RI detection remains a dependable workhorse for routine HPLC and GPC/SEC applications.<blockquote>Pro tip: If your analyte seems invisible to conventional optical detection, a change of perspective may be all that is needed. RI detection could make it visible.</blockquote>In the next article in the “Seeing is Believing – Detection Made Easy” series, we will focus on Fluorescence Detection (FLD), a highly selective and sensitive technique for compounds that fluoresce naturally or can be derivatized to do so.

Seeing is Believing – Detection Made Easy Part 4: Refractive Index Detector

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 36, 2026

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Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

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Watrex Deltasil 100 C18 HPLC columns

Need a high quality column at an affordable price? Deltasil™ columns are filled with standard reversed phase for a wide range of applications.

<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=watrex+deltasil+100+C18&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex DeltaSil™ 100 C18</a> column is a standard reversed phase for wide field of applications in analysis of drugs, organic compounds, peptides and others.Stationary phase is based on synthetic 5 μm silica-gel with 100 Å pores and 15% carbon content. The column has a good peak symmetry and efficiency.Theoretical plate count value for non-polar compounds, such as naphthalene, reaches up to 90.000 theoretical plates per meter.A wide range of column sizes is available, with additional dimensions available on request.We are committed to the sustainability of our columns and therefore also offer backfill.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_Deltasil_HPLC_column_Mobile_phase_85_ACN_Flowrate_0_65_mlmin_Pressure_54_bar_Detection_254_nm_Injection_2_ml_de7068538f.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex Deltasil HPLC column (Mobile phase 85% ACN; Flowrate 0.65 mlmin; Pressure 54 bar; Detection 254 nm; Injection 2 μl)"><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>WI02DC181254 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 5 μm, 125x4 mm column (Price 234 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02DC181504 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 5 μm, 150x4 mm column (Price 234 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02DC1815046 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 5 μm, 150x4,6 mm column</li><li>WI02DC182504 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 5 μm, 250x4 mm column (Price 296 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02DC1825046 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 5 μm, 250x4,6 mm column</li><li>WI02DC182508 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 5 μm, Semi-prep 250x8 mm column (Price 482 € ex VAT)</li></ul>

Watrex Polymer IEX HPLC columns

Do you need HPLC columns for the determination of organic acids, alcohols and sugars? Columns filled with a monodisperse sorbent based on sulfonated styrenedivinylbenzene.

<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=watrex+polymer+iex&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex Polymer IEX™</a> is the Europe’s leading sorbent for ion exclusion analysis of alcohols, carboxylic acids, sugars, and polysacharides<ul><li>H⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Na⁺ forms</li><li>Unique monodispersed sorbent based on sulfonated polystyrene</li><li>Bulk packing materials available</li></ul><h3>H form</h3>The hydrogen form is suitable for organic acids, alcohols and some sugars in natural materials. The column is particularly suitable for the analysis of fruit drinks, wine, etc. Its great advantage is the high stability of retention times and the wide concentration range of analytes.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Column_250x8mm_IEX_H_4da682fa13.jpg" alt="Watrex: Column 250x8mm IEX H"><h3>Ca form</h3>The calcium form is characterized by good selectivity for the separation of mono- and disaccharides in natural materials. The column must be protected from anions forming insoluble calcium salts (phosphates, sulphates, etc.) and cations with a higher affinity for the sorbent than calcium ions.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Column_250x8mm_IEX_Ca_b840dddcce.jpg" alt="Watrex: Column 250x8mm IEX Ca"><h3>Pb form</h3>The lead form is suitable for the separation of mono- and disaccharides in natural materials. The column must be protected from anions forming insoluble lead salts (phosphates, sulphates, etc.) and cations with a higherUse the appropriate pre-column to extend the life of the analytical column.<h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>WI020223 Watrex 300x8 mm Polymer IEX H form, 8 um</li><li>WI020213 Watrex 300x8 mm Polymer IEX Ca form, 8 um</li><li>WI020253 Watrex 300x8 mm Polymer IEX Pb form, 8 um</li><li>WI02022 Watrex 250x8 mm Polymer IEX H form, 8 um (Price 926 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02021 Watrex 250x8 mm Polymer IEX Ca form, 8 um (Price 926 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02025 Watrex 250x8 mm Polymer IEX Pb form, 8 um (Price 926 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02122 Guard column insert 10x4.0 mm PEEK Polymer IEX H 8 um, 10 pcs</li><li>WI02121 Guard column insert 10x4.0 mm PEEK Polymer IEX Ca 8 um, 10 pcs</li><li>WI029012 Guard column holder (for 10x4.0 mm PEEK insert)</li></ul>

Watrex IonPlus HPLC columns

Do you perform cation or anion analysis and need the right column at an affordable price? Our Watrex IonPlus™ columns are just what you are looking for!

Watrex IonPlus™ are special columns for ion chromatography. The matrix used is styrene-divinylbenzene based and can withstand higher organic modifier content in the mobile phase.<h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/hplc-columns/watrex-columns/ion-exchange/watrex-ionplus-cs19-ic-column-250x46mm/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex IonPlus™ CS19</a></h3><ul><li>Styrene-divinylbenzene, 55% cross-linking (7 μm particle i.d.)</li></ul>The Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 is an optimized column designed for the separation of common cations, small polar amines and moderately hydrophobic and polyvalent cations using simple aqueous eluents and elevated temperatures. They provide excellent separation of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, alkylamines, alkanolamines and biogenic amines.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/HPLC_kolona_Watrex_Ion_Plus_CS_19_738c29ff57/HPLC-kolona-Watrex-IonPlus-CS19.png" alt="Watrex: Separation of anions in a Watrex IonPlus CS19 HPLC column"><h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/hplc-columns/watrex-columns/ion-exchange/watrex-ionplus-as19-ic-column-250x46mm/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex IonPlus™ AS19</a></h3><ul><li>Styrene-divinylbenzene, 55% cross-linking (12 μm particle i.d.).</li></ul>Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 is a column analyzing common inorganic anions including fluorides, chlorites, bromates, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates and sulphates in drinking, underground and waste water or other matrices.<h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/hplc-columns/watrex-columns/ion-exchange/watrex-150x4mm-ic-anion-i-7um/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex IC Anion I</a></h3><ul><li>Styrene-divinylbenzene (7 μm particle i.d.)</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>WCS19250046 Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 IC Column 250x4,6mm, 7 um (Price 1 169 € ex VAT)</li><li>WCS19150030 Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 IC Column 150x3mm, 7 um</li><li>WCS19150040 Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 IC Column 150x4mm, 7 um</li><li>WCS19250030 Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 IC Column 250x3mm, 7 um</li><li>WAS19250046 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 250x4,6mm, 7 um (Price 1 090 € ex VAT)</li><li>WAS19150030 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 150x3mm, 7 um</li><li>WAS19150040 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 150x4mm, 7 um</li><li>WAS19250030 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 250x3mm, 7 um</li><li>WAS1925046 Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 IC Column 250x4.6mm, 12 μm</li><li>WI021540 Watrex IC Anion I 150x4mm, 7 μm (Price 731 € ex VAT)</li><li>CAT12546 WATREX 125×4.6mm Universal Cat II, 7um (Price 584 € ex VAT)</li></ul>

Products from category Analytical HPLC columns from Watrex Prague - page 1

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