Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have earned the moniker "forever chemicals" due to their extreme persistence in the environment. Their detection is crucial for protecting public health and the environment as these synthetic compounds continue to pose significant challenges worldwide. This comprehensive exploration examines why PFAS detection matters, current detection methods, and future directions in addressing PFAS contamination.<h3>Understanding PFAS and Their Health Impacts</h3>PFAS are a class of synthetic organic compounds with diverse structures, properties, and uses. Despite their diversity, all PFAS contain perfluoroalkyl moieties that are extremely resistant to environmental and metabolic degradation [1]. This high persistence is a defining characteristic that makes PFAS management particularly challenging.<h3>Documented Health Effects</h3>Current scientific research has linked PFAS exposure to numerous adverse health outcomes:<ul><li>Reproductive effects including decreased fertility and increased high blood pressure in pregnant women [8]</li><li>Developmental effects in children such as low birth weight, accelerated puberty, and behavioral changes [8]</li><li>Reduced immune system function, including decreased vaccine response</li><li>Interference with natural hormones and endocrine disruption</li><li>Increased cholesterol levels and obesity risk</li><li>Increased risk of several cancers, including prostate, kidney, testicular, oral cavity/pharynx, brain, and endocrine cancers [3]</li></ul>A 2023 study linked PFAS-contaminated water with up to a 33% increase in cancer incidence in affected areas [3]. The study compared regions with elevated PFAS levels to cancer data from the National Cancer Institute, finding higher incidences of various cancers after controlling for factors like smoking and obesity.<h3>Environmental Persistence and Contamination</h3>The extreme persistence of PFAS represents a fundamental concern for environmental management. PFAS are considered the most environmentally persistent substances among organic chemicals [7]. This persistence means that even if all PFAS uses were immediately phased out, existing contamination would continue to affect ecosystems and water supplies for generations.A 2023 study at a military fire training site estimated that PFAS contamination will persist for centuries without remediation [7]. The research found that terminal PFAS still exceed regulatory limits by 2000-fold decades after aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) use ceased, with precursors accounting for around half of the extractable organofluorine across years.<h3>Current Detection Methods</h3><h4>EPA Standardized Methods</h4>The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed several standardized methods for PFAS detection, each with specific applications and capabilities:<h5>EPA Method 533</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/epa-533-drying-down-pfas-samples-after-spe">EPA Method 533</a> focuses on "short chain" PFAS with carbon chain lengths of C4 to C12. Released in December 2019, this method complements Method 537.1 and includes several key features:<ul><li>Uses isotope dilution quantification approach with extracted internal standards, which reduces overall analytical uncertainty</li><li>Employs weak anion exchange solid phase extraction cartridges as opposed to polystyrene divinylbenzene used in 537.1</li><li>Can analyze 25 PFAS compounds, including additional short-chain PFAS that were not apart of Method 537.1</li><li>Allows for longer holding times: 28 days to extraction and 28 days to analyze (compared to 14 days to extraction in Method 537.1)</li><li>Uses ammonium acetate as a preservative (versus Trisma in Method 537.1) [1]</li></ul><h5>EPA Method 537/537.1</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/sample-concentration-epa-method-537-pfas-determination">EPA Method 537 </a>was first published in 2009 for the determination of 14 PFAS in drinking water [6]. It was later updated to Method 537.1 in 2018 (with editorial updates in 2020) to expand its capabilities:<ul><li>Uses<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/what-is-solid-phase-extraction-spe"> solid phase extraction (SPE) </a>and<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/preparing-samples-for-lc-ms/ms-analysis"> liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)</a></li><li>Method 537.1 expanded detection to 18 PFAS compounds, including HFPO-DA (one component of GenX technology)</li><li>Utilizes styrene-divinylbenzene (SDVB) media for extraction</li><li>Requires samples to be extracted within 14 days and analyzed within 28 days</li><li>Methanol is used to elute the extracts. This should then be reconstituted with a 96:4 methanol:water mixture [1]</li></ul>Together, Methods 533 and 537.1 can detect a total of 29 unique PFAS compounds in drinking water and are approved for monitoring under the fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) and the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation [1] [3].<h5>EPA Method 1633</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/preparing-diverse-sample-matrices-for-epa-method-1633">EPA Method 1633</a>, released in 2024, represents a significant advancement in PFAS analysis:<ul><li>Developed for the analysis of 40 PFAS compounds in various matrices, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, biosolids, sediment, landfill leachate, and fish tissue</li><li>Expands beyond the drinking water focus of Methods 533 and 537.1</li><li>Provides a standardized approach that may replace modified drinking water methods (i.e., modified EPA 537) that were previously used for non-drinking water matrices [1]</li></ul><h4>Conventional Analytical Techniques</h4>The gold standard for PFAS analysis involves chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry:<ul><li>Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the most widely used method for PFAS analysis, offering high sensitivity and specificity [1]</li><li>High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) allows for rapid detection and identification of PFAS species at very low concentrations [5]</li></ul>These techniques can detect PFAS at parts per trillion (ppt) levels, which is essential given the low concentrations at which PFAS can cause health effects [1]. However, these methods require sophisticated equipment, specialized training, and significant financial resources, making them inaccessible in many regions, particularly in developing countries.<h4>Emerging Detection Technologies</h4>Several innovative approaches are being developed to address the limitations of conventional methods:<ul><li>Electrochemical biosensors using modified electrodes have shown promise for selective PFAS detection with low detection limits [2]</li><li>Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) uses metallic nanoparticles and can be made into a portable method for on-site testing [1]</li><li>Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) offer thermal and physical stability, reusability, and low-cost synthesis for PFAS detection [6]</li></ul>These emerging technologies aim to provide more accessible, field-deployable, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional laboratory-based methods.<h3>Challenges in PFAS Detection</h3><h4>Analytical Challenges</h4>Detecting PFAS presents several technical challenges:<ul><li>The ubiquity of PFAS in laboratory equipment and accessories can lead to background contamination when measuring at parts-per-trillion levels [1]</li><li>Many components in liquid chromatographs, mass spectrometers, and solid-phase extraction systems contain materials that can leach PFAS compounds [9]</li><li>The vast number of PFAS (thousands of compounds) makes comprehensive detection difficult, as analytical standards are only available for a small subset [1]</li><li>Complex matrices like food and environmental samples require sophisticated sample preparation techniques</li></ul><h4>Global Disparities in Detection Capabilities</h4>Access to PFAS detection technology varies significantly worldwide:<ul><li>Many developing regions, particularly in Africa, lack adequately equipped laboratories with the necessary instrumentation to detect and measure PFAS</li><li>There is often a scarcity of qualified professionals with experience in PFAS analysis in these regions</li><li>The high cost of acquiring and maintaining sophisticated analytical instruments presents a substantial obstacle to conducting extensive PFAS investigations in resource-limited settings [1]</li><li>Competing priorities such as infectious diseases, poverty, and food security often divert attention and resources from environmental pollutants like PFAS</li></ul><h4>Regulatory Landscape and Compliance</h4>The regulatory framework for PFAS is evolving rapidly worldwide:<ul><li>The EPA finalized Section 8(a)(7) of the Toxic Substances Control Act in September 2024, requiring manufacturers and importers to report on their use of PFAS since 2011 [10]</li><li>Electronic reporting for PFAS will open on July 11, 2025, with final reporting deadlines in 2026</li><li>Companies must report detailed information including chemical identity, production volumes, industrial and consumer products, worker exposure, and disposal methods [10]</li></ul>These regulations are driving demand for more effective and accessible PFAS detection methods to ensure compliance and protect public health.<h3>Future Directions in PFAS Detection</h3><h4>Technological Advancements</h4>The future of PFAS detection lies in developing more accessible, sensitive, and comprehensive methods:<ul><li>Non-targeted screening methods that can identify unknown PFAS compounds without requiring analytical standards for each specific compound</li><li>Total fluorine analysis techniques like Adsorbable Organic Fluorine and Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay that can quantify the presence of fluorine atoms within a sample [1]</li><li>Portable sensors and field-deployable technologies that enable on-site monitoring and rapid response to contamination events</li><li>AI-driven solutions that can improve data analysis and interpretation for complex PFAS mixtures</li></ul><h4>Collaborative Approaches</h4>Addressing the global challenge of PFAS detection requires coordinated efforts:<ul><li>International partnerships between researchers in developed and developing regions to enhance expertise and capacity building</li><li>Standardization of analytical methods to ensure consistency and comparability of results across different laboratories and regions</li><li>Open data sharing and collaboration across countries to leverage collective knowledge and resources</li><li>Integration of PFAS monitoring into broader environmental and public health surveillance systems</li></ul><h3>Conclusion</h3>The detection of PFAS is not merely a technical challenge but a critical public health and environmental imperative [1]. As these "forever chemicals" continue to persist in our environment, developing effective, accessible, and comprehensive detection methods becomes increasingly important. By advancing detection technologies, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and fostering global collaboration, we can better understand, monitor, and ultimately mitigate the impacts of PFAS contamination.The EPA's standardized methods (533, 537.1, and 1633) provide crucial tools for monitoring PFAS in various environmental matrices, but continued innovation is needed to address the full spectrum of PFAS compounds and to make detection more accessible globally [1] [6]. The path forward requires sustained investment in research and development, capacity building in resource-limited settings, and a commitment to environmental justice that ensures all communities have access to the tools and information needed to protect themselves from PFAS exposure. Only through such comprehensive approaches can we hope to address the complex challenges posed by these persistent pollutants.Be sure to check out our other installments of our&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/introducing-our-environmental-contaminants-series-making-sense-of-the-alphabet-soup">Environmental Contaminant Series</a>&nbsp;covering&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-persistent-organic-pollutants-pops">Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)</a>,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-pahs">Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)</a>,&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-semi-volatile-organic-compounds-svocs">Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs)</a>, and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pcbs">Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)</a>.

The Importance of Detecting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Scientists at CEITEC Brno University of Technology have developed microscopic robots that could one day accelerate beer production and simplify food quality control. The magnetically controlled biobots can actively mix liquids during fermentation, speed up the process, and separate themselves from the finished product once fermentation is complete. The results of the research, carried out by Professor Martin Pumera’s team, were published in the journal ACS Nano.“When people hear the word ‘robot’ today, they often imagine an electronic device. In reality, however, a robot can be any system capable of autonomously performing a specific task,” explains Martin Pumera of CEITEC Brno University of Technology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_7d9ff82875.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT/Jakub Rozboud: CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control: Martin Pumera in his lab at CEITEC BUT." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_7d9ff82875.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067">The research team created so-called biobots—biohybrid microrobotic capsules containing brewer’s yeast and magnetic nanoparticles. When the yeast produces carbon dioxide during fermentation, the resulting bubbles cause the biobots to move up and down through the liquid. This naturally mixes the contents of the vessel and makes fermentation more efficient. Compared with conventional static particles, the biobots can therefore accelerate chemical processes that are important in food production.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_4_af5fd4611f.jpg" alt="CEITEC BUT/Martin Pumera's archive: CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control: Hematite microrobot (image for illustrative purposes)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_4_af5fd4611f.jpg 209w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1192">Another major advantage of the technology is that the biobots can be easily separated from the finished beverage. Thanks to the magnetic particles they contain, they can be controlled with a magnetic field and removed once fermentation is complete, eliminating the need for additional filtration. The researchers also demonstrated that the biobots can be reused over several production cycles.“Unlike conventional static particles, microrobots actively move throughout the entire volume of the liquid, allowing them to cover a larger area and make the whole process more efficient. At the same time, they also facilitate the automation of production,” adds Martin Pumera. The team is currently discussing potential applications of the technology with a major European brewery.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_3_e8e5a3a55a.jpg" alt="CEITEC BUT/Martin Pumera's archive: CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control: g-C₃N₄ microrobots (image for illustrative purposes)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_3_e8e5a3a55a.jpg 158w," sizes="100vw" width="1476" height="1460">Martin Pumera’s group has long been exploring the use of microrobots and advanced materials in the food industry. In the past, for example, the team developed a flexible sensor for smart packaging capable of detecting spoiled fish. The new biobots therefore represent another step towards more advanced methods of food quality and safety control.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_2_75c7fed958.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT/ACS Nano: CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control: ACS Nano - cover featuring article by Martin Pumera et al." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_2_75c7fed958.jpeg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2128">

 CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control 

In this episode of ‪ChromatographyTalk‬, ‪Organomation‬ General Manager David Oliva sits down with Michelle Taylor, Editor-in-Chief of LabCompare, to go behind the scenes of their groundbreaking two-part documentary series on PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances).The conversation kicks off with a startling revelation: many of the world’s leading PFAS experts have completely stopped eating seafood due to high contamination levels discovered during testing. From there, we dive deep into the technical and regulatory challenges facing today's analytical laboratories.<h4>In this episode, we discuss:</h4><ul><li>The Laboratory Throughput Crisis: Why labs are currently "overwhelmed with samples" and how tiered testing—using single quad instruments for screening before moving to triple quads—is helping to manage capacity without sacrificing sensitivity.</li><li>The Battle Against Background Contamination: Why PTFE-free (PFAS-free) laboratory equipment is no longer optional when trying to detect "forever chemicals" at the parts-per-trillion and parts-per-quadrillion levels.</li><li>Complex Matrices (Seafood &amp; Packaging): The technical hurdles of analyzing high-lipid samples like fish and the rising demand for migration testing as states like Rhode Island begin to phase out PFAS in food packaging.</li><li>Global Regulatory Shifts: A look at the "dual compliance model" required for labs supporting international exporters, especially with the European Union’s stricter enforcement compared to the U.S. monitoring approach.</li><li>The "Grand Challenge" of Unknowns: How EPA Method 1621 (Total Organic Fluorine) is helping labs close the mass balance gap and why the next generation of bench chemists must embrace *AI and data science* to manage the massive datasets generated by high-resolution mass spectrometry.</li><li>PFAS Destruction vs. Remediation: &nbsp;The promising (and problematic) methods for breaking the carbon-fluorine bond, and why incineration may inadvertently be spreading shorter-chain PFAS into the air.</li></ul>Whether you are a lab manager looking to future-proof your workflow or a chemist navigating the ever-evolving landscape of EPA Method 1633, this episode provides essential insights into the most pressing environmental crisis of our time.<h3>Video Transcription</h3><h4>Michelle Taylor: PFAS Testing Is Becoming a Much Bigger Analytical Challenge</h4>PFAS analysis has rapidly evolved from a specialized environmental testing problem into a much broader challenge involving drinking water, food, packaging, laboratory contamination, international regulation, data analysis, and even destruction technologies. In an interview with Michelle Taylor, Editor-in-Chief of Labcompare, the discussion explored what laboratories are learning from the latest PFAS research—and why the analytical demands are likely to continue growing.Taylor leads editorial content for Labcompare, an online resource covering analytical laboratory instrumentation, products, and scientific developments. Among the projects she considers particularly important are two long-form documentaries produced by Labcompare examining per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), first through drinking water and subsequently through food.The documentaries brought together subject-matter experts working across PFAS analysis and exposed some of the practical realities laboratories now face: rapidly changing regulations, extremely low detection limits, complex matrices, contamination risks, and sample volumes that can overwhelm laboratory capacity.<h4>From drinking water to seafood</h4>One of the most memorable findings for Taylor came during production of the second documentary, which focused on PFAS in food.Several experts interviewed for the project told her they had stopped eating seafood, in some cases many years earlier, because of concerns surrounding contamination. For Taylor, the consistency and immediacy of those responses illustrated how closely analytical research can intersect with everyday decisions.Seafood also demonstrates why PFAS testing can become analytically difficult.Fish and other high-lipid samples require effective extraction to release the analytes, followed by rigorous cleanup to remove fats. According to the experts Taylor interviewed, the cleanup step is particularly critical because residual lipids can damage LC columns and create severe matrix interferences.Laboratories are therefore using approaches such as enhanced matrix removal and carbon- or silica-based sorbents to reduce the lipid content of extracts before instrumental analysis. The goal is not simply obtaining sufficient recovery, but producing an extract clean enough to maintain analytical performance and laboratory throughput.<h4>How laboratories are handling the PFAS sample burden</h4>The analytical sensitivity now required for PFAS testing presents another challenge: laboratories may need to measure compounds at parts-per-trillion levels while processing growing numbers of samples.Automation has therefore become increasingly important, particularly during sample preparation, where repetitive manual procedures can otherwise create a major bottleneck.Taylor also described a tiered analytical strategy being used by some laboratories. A less demanding measurement can first be used for screening, while samples generating a positive result are subsequently transferred to a more sensitive platform, such as triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, for confirmation and quantitation.This type of workflow can help laboratories concentrate their highest-performance instrumentation on the samples that actually require it rather than applying the most intensive analysis to every incoming sample.The broader principle is likely to become increasingly important as PFAS testing expands: laboratories must find ways to increase throughput without sacrificing the sensitivity demanded by regulatory methods.<h4>When the laboratory itself becomes a source of PFAS</h4>At trace concentrations, contamination introduced during sample preparation or measurement can become comparable to the concentration being determined.This makes the materials used throughout the analytical workflow particularly important.Taylor emphasized that PFAS laboratories must maintain continuous awareness of potential contamination from solvents, water, tubing, containers, and other laboratory components. Equipment containing fluoropolymers such as PTFE may be problematic in certain PFAS workflows because background contamination can contribute to false positives or elevated blanks.As detection limits move lower, dedicated PFAS-compatible or fluoropolymer-free laboratory equipment becomes increasingly valuable.Taylor described manufacturers offering clearly identified PFAS-free configurations as an important response to this problem. Rather than forcing laboratories to investigate the material composition of each component individually, dedicated configurations can simplify method implementation and reduce uncertainty about potential background sources.For laboratories already dealing with demanding workflows and large sample loads, eliminating potential contamination before it occurs can save considerable troubleshooting time.<h4>Food packaging could drive the next major wave of testing</h4>PFAS concerns are not limited to the food itself.The interview also examined food-contact materials, including takeout containers and other packaging from which PFAS may migrate into food. State-level restrictions in the United States are already beginning to affect the materials manufacturers can use.For contract laboratories, this creates the possibility of another significant increase in demand for compliance and migration testing.Taylor’s recommendation is straightforward: laboratories should follow proposed regulations before they become final.Waiting until a new requirement takes effect can leave a laboratory simultaneously trying to acquire instrumentation, establish methods, train staff, and respond to customer demand. Monitoring regulatory agencies, scientific meetings, and industry discussions earlier gives laboratories time to prepare analytical capabilities before the testing requirement becomes urgent.She expects PFAS restrictions in food packaging to continue developing first through a patchwork of individual state regulations. Once a sufficient number of states adopt restrictions, however, the economics may increasingly encourage suppliers to move toward PFAS-free materials regardless of whether every jurisdiction requires them.A national standard could eventually follow that transition.<h4>One sample, two regulatory environments</h4>International food exporters face another complication: PFAS requirements are not necessarily the same between the United States and European Union.Taylor noted that laboratories serving both markets may effectively need to operate under a dual-compliance model.In the interview, she highlighted EU requirements targeting specific PFAS—including PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS—at very low concentrations in certain foods, while the U.S. approach has historically involved a different combination of monitoring programs, evolving compound lists, and import-related requirements.For laboratories supporting international customers, this means more than simply selecting a different reporting limit.Different markets may require different target lists, methods, documentation, auditing, and compliance procedures. Laboratories therefore need analytical platforms capable of ultratrace measurements while also maintaining the operational flexibility to support multiple regulatory frameworks.That additional complexity also carries a practical cost: performing different protocols for different jurisdictions means more staff time, additional workflow management, and potentially greater instrument demand.<h4>Total fluorine screening can help laboratories decide what to analyze next</h4>Targeted LC-MS/MS methods are highly sensitive, but they only measure compounds included in the analytical panel.This creates an important question: what about fluorinated substances that are present but are not included in the targeted method?The interview discussed EPA Method 1621, which uses a broader fluorine-based screening approach. Taylor described this type of measurement as useful for helping laboratories assess the gap between compounds captured by targeted LC-MS/MS methods and the broader amount of organofluorine present in a sample.Such screening can also become part of a tiered workflow.For applications such as food packaging, laboratories could initially use a broader fluorine measurement to determine whether a sample warrants further investigation. Positive or suspicious samples could then move to more selective and sensitive targeted analysis for identification and quantitation.Non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry can add another layer by revealing compounds outside conventional target lists.Together, these approaches create a funnel from broad screening toward increasingly detailed characterization rather than attempting the most comprehensive analysis on every sample from the outset.<h4>PFAS analysis is becoming a data problem too</h4>High-resolution mass spectrometry can generate enormous datasets containing signals from large numbers of known and unknown compounds.As a result, Taylor believes the role of the analytical chemist is changing.Strong laboratory skills remain essential, but scientists increasingly need data literacy as well. Understanding complex datasets, working with advanced software, and interacting effectively with artificial intelligence and machine-learning tools are becoming important parts of modern analytical work.Taylor does not see this change primarily as replacing scientific expertise.Instead, she compares it with earlier laboratory automation: repetitive or technically demanding tasks can increasingly be handled by software, allowing scientists to spend more time interpreting results and making decisions.AI may also make sophisticated analytical information more accessible. A less experienced mass spectrometry user could potentially receive explanations of complex data through software capable of presenting results in natural language, reducing dependence on a single specialist being immediately available.There is another potential advantage beyond speed.Machine-learning systems can recognize patterns across large datasets that may be difficult or impossible for an individual scientist to detect manually. As analytical datasets become larger and multidimensional, that pattern-recognition capability could become increasingly valuable.<h4>Finding PFAS is only the first half of the problem</h4>For years, much of the PFAS discussion has focused on answering two questions:<ul><li>Are PFAS present, and how much is there?</li></ul>The next challenge is considerably harder: how do we actually remove or destroy them?Taylor described this as an expanding research field that will increasingly involve analytical laboratories.The strength of the carbon-fluorine bond makes PFAS destruction difficult. Some treatment approaches seek to break this bond and achieve complete defluorination, but incomplete destruction can create another analytical problem.For example, thermal treatment may transform longer-chain PFAS into shorter-chain fluorinated compounds rather than eliminating them completely. Those products may then enter another environmental compartment, including atmospheric emissions.Consequently, laboratories studying PFAS destruction must do more than measure disappearance of the original compound. They also need to determine whether fluorinated transformation products or other byproducts remain.Analytical chemistry therefore has two roles: monitoring PFAS contamination and demonstrating whether remediation technologies truly destroy the substances they are intended to remove.<h4>The PFAS problem is expanding beyond water and food</h4>The first two Labcompare documentaries focused primarily on water and food, two matrices already receiving substantial regulatory and public attention.But Taylor does not expect the story to end there.If Labcompare produces another PFAS documentary, she sees PFAS in air as a likely subject. Discussions with experts during earlier filming repeatedly raised atmospheric contamination, including both direct environmental occurrence and emissions potentially associated with treatment or destruction processes.The progression illustrates how quickly the PFAS field is expanding.Drinking water regulation accelerated analytical development. Food testing introduced more difficult matrices and new exposure pathways. Packaging is creating another compliance challenge. Environmental remediation raises questions about destruction products. Atmospheric monitoring could become another significant frontier.For laboratories already working with chromatography and mass spectrometry, Taylor’s message is essentially to be prepared—even organizations that do not currently consider themselves “PFAS laboratories” may eventually become involved.<h4>An analytical field that is still changing rapidly</h4>Perhaps the strongest theme running through the interview is that PFAS analysis has no fixed endpoint yet.Methods continue to evolve. Regulations change. Target compound lists expand. Instrument sensitivity improves. Laboratories discover new sources of background contamination, while researchers identify additional exposure pathways and investigate new destruction technologies.Taylor compares the situation to earlier periods of rapid analytical development, such as the evolution of forensic DNA analysis: each technological advance reveals more information, which in turn creates new questions and new analytical requirements.That makes preparation particularly important.Laboratories cannot predict every future regulation, but they can follow proposed requirements, develop flexible workflows, invest in contamination control and data capabilities, and understand how their existing chromatography and mass spectrometry expertise could be applied to emerging PFAS challenges.The analytical problem is no longer simply detecting a group of “forever chemicals.”It is becoming a much larger question of how we identify them, quantify them, prevent contamination during analysis, understand their movement through food and the environment, comply with evolving regulations, and ultimately prove that they have actually been destroyed.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

PFAS in Water, Food & Packaging: Michelle Taylor on the "Forever Chemicals" Documentary Series

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Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

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Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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ECOM TOY18DAD 800 H Scanning UV/PDA Detector 

Scanning version of our detector measures at four wavelengths simultaneously or sends scan with speed 20 Hz which allows to create 3D picture.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">TOY18DAD 800 H Scanning UV Detector is a standalone UV-VIS detector suited for preparative and flash chromatography with diode array (DAD) in range 200 – 800 nm.Scanning version measures at four wavelengths simultaneously or sends scan with speed 20 Hz which allows to create 3D picture.More wavelengths or scan are used in liquid chromatography to verify purity of analyzed samples or in situations when some peaks absorb on different wavelengths.<h4>Most important features of TOY20DAD 800H detectors:</h4><ul><li>built-in lamp working hours counter</li><li>easy replacement of flow cell</li><li>measuring at more wavelengths simultaneously</li><li>sophisticated diagnostic software</li></ul><h4>Parameters:</h4><ul><li>Number of channels (Signals): 4</li><li>Scan: Informative 200 – 800 nm, 20 Hz, step 1 nm</li><li>Number of CCD elements: 256</li><li>Communication: RS232, Ethernet (LAN), USB</li><li>Accuracy of adjustment: ± 1 nm/±0.5 nm</li><li>Typical spectral half-width: 10 nm</li><li>Reproducibility: ± 0.5 nm</li><li>Noise (Test cell, 254nm, TC 2s, 10 Hz): ± 5 x 10-5 AU</li><li>Drift (Test cell, 254nm): 1 x 10-3 AU/hr</li><li>Time constant: 0.5 s, 0.75 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, 4.0 s, 8.0 s, 16.0 s, 0.2 s, 0.1 s</li><li>Communication: RS232,Ethernet (LAN),USB</li><li>Power supply: 100-240V; 50 - 60Hz</li><li>Power input: 100 VA (120 VA for upcoming version)</li><li>Materials in contact with mobile phase: FEP; fused silica, stainless steel, PEEK, KEL-F</li><li>Optical cables: no</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D: 280 x 135 x 463 mm (11.02 x 5.32 x 18.23 in)</li><li>Weight: 7.5 kg (16.53 lb)&nbsp;</li></ul></div>

ECOM TOY18DAD 400 H Scanning UV/PDA Detector 

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">TOY18DAD 400 H Scanning Channel UV Detector is a standalone UV-VIS detector suited for preparative and flash chromatography with diode array (DAD) in range 200 – 400 nm.Scanning version measures at four wavelengths simultaneously or sends scan with speed 20 Hz which allows to create 3D picture.More wavelengths or scan are used in liquid chromatography to verify purity of analyzed samples or in situations when some peaks absorb on different wavelengths.<h4>Most important features of TOY20DAD 800H detectors:</h4><ul><li>built-in lamp working hours counter</li><li>easy replacement of flow cell</li><li>measuring at more wavelengths simultaneously</li><li>sophisticated diagnostic software</li></ul><h4>Parameters:</h4><ul><li>Number of channels (Signals): 4</li><li>Scan: Informative 200 – 400 nm, 20 Hz, step 1 nm</li><li>Number of CCD elements: 256</li><li>Communication: RS232, Ethernet (LAN), USB</li><li>Accuracy of adjustment: ± 1 nm</li><li>Typical spectral half-width: 8 nm</li><li>Reproducibility: ± 0.5 nm</li><li>Noise (Test cell, 254nm, TC 2s, 10 Hz): ± 5 x 10-5 AU</li><li>Drift (Test cell, 254nm): 1 x 10-3 AU/hr</li><li>Time constant: 0.5 s, 0.75 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, 4.0 s, 8.0 s, 16.0 s, 0.2 s, 0.1 s</li><li>Communication: RS232,Ethernet (LAN),USB</li><li>Power supply: 100-240V; 50 - 60Hz</li><li>Power input: 100 VA (120 VA for upcoming version)</li><li>Materials in contact with mobile phase: FEP; fused silica, stainless steel, PEEK, KEL-F</li><li>Optical cables: no</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D: 280 x 135 x 463 mm (11.02 x 5.32 x 18.23 in)</li><li>Weight: 7.5 kg (16.53 lb)&nbsp;</li></ul></div>

ECOM TOY18DAD 800 H Four Channel UV/PDA Detector

Four Channel version of our detector measures at four wavelengths simultaneously with possibility to see current scan and with built-in lamp working hours counter.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">TOY18DAD 800 H Four Channel UV Detector is a standalone UV-VIS detector suited for preparative and flash chromatography with diode array (DAD) in range 200 – 800 nm.Four&nbsp;Channel&nbsp;version measures at&nbsp;four wavelengths simultaneously&nbsp;with possibility to see&nbsp;current scan.More wavelengths or scan are used in liquid chromatography to verify purity of analyzed samples or in situations when some peaks absorb on different wavelengths.<h4>Most important features of TOY18DAD H detectors:</h4><ul><li>built-in lamp working hours counter</li><li>easy replacement of flow cell</li><li>measuring at more wavelengths simultaneously</li><li>sophisticated diagnostic software</li></ul><h4>Parameters:</h4><ul><li>Number of channels (Signals): 4</li><li>Scan: Informative 200 – 800 nm</li><li>Number of CCD elements: 256</li><li>Communication: RS232, Ethernet (LAN), USB</li><li>Accuracy of adjustment: ± 1 nm/±0.5 nm</li><li>Typical spectral half-width: 10 nm</li><li>Reproducibility: ± 0.5 nm</li><li>Noise (Test cell, 254nm, TC 2s, 10 Hz): ± 5 x 10-5 AU</li><li>Drift (Test cell, 254nm): 1 x 10-3 AU/hr</li><li>Time constant: Time constant (T63) 0.5 s, 0.75 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, 4.0 s, 8.0 s, 16.0 s, 0.2 s, 0.1</li><li>Communication: RS232,Ethernet (LAN),USB</li><li>Power supply: 100-240V 50/60Hz</li><li>Power input: 100 VA (120 VA for upcoming version)</li><li>Materials in contact with mobile phase: FEP; fused silica, stainless steel, PEEK, KEL-F</li><li>Optical cables: no</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D: 280 x 135 x 463 mm (11.02 x 5.32 x 18.23 in)</li><li>Weight: 7.5 kg (16.53 lb)</li></ul></div>

ECOM TOY18DAD 600 VEX Scanning UV/DAD Detector 

Absorbance measuring on four wavelengths simultaneously, an online scan of the whole spectrum with a speed of up to 20 Hz, and with built-in lamp working hours counter.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">TOY18DAD 600 VEX Scanning UV Detector is UV-VIS diode array detector, which allows measuring absorbance of four wavelengths simultaneously in external cell connected by optical cables, just as measuring of whole spectrum (scan). More wavelengths or scan are used in liquid chromatography to verify purity of analyzed samples or in situations when some peaks absorb on different wavelengths. It is possible to use the detector in flash and preparative applications.It is possible to control the detector manually by keyboard and display but also using RS232, USB, or LAN. At the back panel are available four analog outputs and a connector for I/O logical input and output signals.<h4>The unit’s DAD (diode array detector) design offers many advantages:</h4><ul><li>absorbance measuring on four wavelengths simultaneously.</li><li>wavelength setting in increments of 1 nm.</li><li>an online scan of the whole spectrum with a speed of up to 20 Hz which allows the creation of a 3D picture.</li><li>lamp work hours are counted using the built-in counter for both deuterium and halogen lamps.</li><li>SMA connectors at the front panel allow easy connection of the external cell.</li><li>powering by 100-240 V AC.</li><li>the unit can be controlled by RS232, USB, LAN or a keyboard.</li><li>signals are available in analog and digital form.</li><li>easy service and diagnostics using display and keyboard or by service SW.</li></ul><h4>Parameters:</h4><ul><li>Number of channels (Signals): 4</li><li>Scan: Informative 200 – 600 nm, 20 Hz, step 1 nm&nbsp;</li><li>Number of CCD elements: 256</li><li>Communication: RS232, Ethernet (LAN), USB</li><li>Accuracy of adjustment: ± 1 nm</li><li>Typical spectral half-width: 10 nm</li><li>Reproducibility: ± 0.5 nm</li><li>Communication: RS232,Ethernet (LAN),USB</li><li>Power supply: 100-240V 50/60Hz</li><li>Power input: 100 VA (120 VA for upcoming version)</li><li>Noise level at empty cell (254 nm, TC 1 s): ± 8 × 10-5 AU&nbsp;</li><li>Drift at empty cell (254 nm after 1 h): 5 × 10-3 AU/hr.&nbsp;</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D: 135 x 170 x 340 mm (5.32 x 6.69 x 13.39 in)&nbsp;</li><li>Weight: 3.8 kg (8.4 lb)</li></ul></div>

ECOM ECDM2100 Conductivity and pH Monitors

ECDM 2100 are conductivity and pH monitors suited for preparative and flash chromatography. The monitor cell had been developed for high-pressure applications and it can be used in CaptureSMB applications.

ECDM 2100 are conductivity and pH monitors suited for preparative and flash chromatography. Thanks to the unique ECOM design of the conductivity cell, it radically improves chromatography process monitoring.The monitor cell had been developed for high-pressure applications, which means it can be used in CaptureSMB applications. These applications utilize a twin-column periodic countercurrent (PCC) process used for the continuous purification of monoclonal antibodies.The unit is controlled by a printed board, which measures the conductivity of liquid passing through both the cell and the pH value.<h4>Main features and benefits</h4><ul><li>High-pressure cell up to 17 MPa (for 1/16” version)</li><li>Simple conductivity calibration</li><li>Compact size</li><li>Powered by 12 – 24 V DC</li><li>Sophisticated diagnostic software</li></ul><h4>Parameters</h4><ul><li>Conductivity Monitoring: 0.01 – 300.0 mS/cm</li><li>Operating pressure: 0 – 17 MPa (0 – 2465.6 psi; 0 – 170.0 bar)</li><li>Communication: RS232, Ethernet (LAN), USB</li><li>Flow rate: Conductivity monitor-0.01 – 200 mL/min</li><li>pH reading ranges: 0.0-14.0 pH</li><li>Wetted materials: Titanium and PEEK (conductivity monitor)</li><li>Communication: RS232,Ethernet (LAN),USB</li><li>Power supply: 12 - 24 V DC</li><li>Power input: 2.5 W</li><li>Cell connecting: Tubing with OD 1/16″, thread UNF 10-32 , tubing with OD 1/8″, thread UNF 1/4-28″</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D: 140 x 168 x 165 mm (5.51” x 6.61” x 6.46”)</li><li>Weight: 1.31 kg (2.89 lb)&nbsp; &nbsp;</li></ul>

ECOM AS96 HPLC Autosampler

A reliable and precise autosampler for a wide range of applications in HPLC and LC-MS with/without cooling and heating, in a compact design. 

A reliable and precise autosampler for a wide range of applications in HPLC and LC-MS with/without cooling and heating, in a compact design.AS96 Autosampler is a generic autosampler using state-of-the-art injection technology with fast injection and wash cycles. Efficient, multi-solvent needle wash virtually eliminates carry-over. AS96 enables excellent reagent addition and mix capabilities for derivatization, dilution, and internal standard addition. Our Pressure Assisted Sample Aspiration (PASA™) concept avoids sample-syringe contact and air bubbles and has proven its robustness in more than 30,000 autosamplers.AS96 Autosampler handles well plates and sample vials, either open or sealed. Its compact, stackable design and unrivaled performance make the AS96 the best fit for any analytical system. The autosampler can also be equipped with a sample cooling module. The Peltier module with forced air cooling provides true sample cooling down to 4 °C in the sample compartment.<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Metal-free sampling with silica-coated steel needle and PEEK valve (option)</li><li>Reagent addition and mix capabilities for derivatization, dilution, internal standard addition</li><li>Optional 6-port solvent selection valve (SVV) for extended selection of reagents for needle wash and reagent addition (option)</li><li>Integrated Stream Switching (ISS): optional extra high-pressure 6-port switching valve for column switching or other stream switching applications up to 18,000 Psi</li><li>Quick-fit injection valve for fast service</li></ul><h4>Parameters</h4><ul><li>PN: ASA96000</li><li>Injection modes: Full-loop, Partial loop-fill , µL-pick-up</li><li>Injection volume: Programmable from 0 µl – 9999 µL 1 µL increments</li><li>Injection precision: Full-loop injection ‹ 0.3% RSD; Partial loop-fill ‹ 0.5% RSD; µL -pick-up ‹ 1.0% RSD</li><li>Sample viscosity: 0.1 – 5 cP</li><li>Injections per vial/well: Max 9</li><li>Syringe volume: 500 µL standard; 250, 1000 and 2500 µL optional</li><li>Needle wash - Inside and outside needle wash with drying. Wash can be programmed between injections and between vials/wells: 1 solvent, 5 additional wash solvents</li><li>Injection cycle time: 60 seconds</li><li>Valve switching time: 60 msec</li><li>Wetted parts: SS316, PTFE, TEFZEL, VESPEL, glass, For Bio-kit option: PEEK and coated-steel (needle) instead of SS316</li><li>Loop volumes: Programmable from 0 µl – 9999 µL 1 µL increments&nbsp;</li><li>Carry-over: ‹ 0.05% with standard wash, Typically ‹ 0.01% with extra wash</li><li>Sample capacity: Microtiter plates: 2; Vials: 2x 48 (1.5 mL) or 2x 12 (10 mL) - optional</li><li>Maximum vial/MTP height: 47 mm</li><li>Sample cooling - Factory installed option (Peltier technology): Minimum: 4°C ± 2°C Maximum: ambient temp -3°C</li></ul>

ECOM ION-QN and ION-QD Chiral HPLC Columns

 Weak Anion-Exchanger (WAX) stationary phases for reliable chiral separation of organic acids and amino acids. The most efficient approach to purify and resolve even the most troublesome enantiomeric mixtures.

Weak Anion-Exchanger (WAX) stationary phases for reliable chiral separation of organic acids and amino acids.&nbsp;We introduce our own generic series of weak anion-exchangers, based on tert-butyl-carbamoylated Cinchona alkaloids quinine (QN) and quinidine (QD). Our Chiral ION-QN and Chiral ION-QD columns contain a well-balanced pair of pseudoenantiomeric chiral selectors, designed to efficiently separate enantiomers of acidic compounds. These columns represent the most efficient approach to purify and resolve even the most troublesome enantiomeric mixtures.<h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Chiral ION-QN and Chiral ION-QD are ideal for enantioseparations of chiral acidic compounds, including:</li><li>N-protected amino acids</li><li>Aminophosphonic &amp; Aminosulfonic acids</li><li>Lactic &amp; Thiolactic acids</li><li>Clenbuterol &amp; Thyroxine</li></ul><h4>Key Benefits</h4><ul><li>Provide better separation power and increased enantioselectivity (in comparison to other available alternatives)</li><li>Allow elegant switch of the elution order of enantiomers</li><li>Demonstrated high stability against all common HPLC solvents</li><li>Enable enhanced method development</li><li>Available at analytical and preparative scale</li></ul><h4>Columns</h4><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ECOM_Chiral_HPLC_Column_ION_QN_and_ION_QD_6_085a58fc5e.jpg" alt="ECOM: Chiral HPLC Column ION-QN and ION-QD" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ECOM_Chiral_HPLC_Column_ION_QN_and_ION_QD_6_085a58fc5e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1059" height="531"><h4>Features&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Max. pressure: 5800 psi (400 bar)</li><li>Particle size: 3 or 5 μm</li><li>pH range: 2 to 9</li><li>Pore size: 120 Å</li><li>Surface area: 300 m²/g</li><li>Max. temperature: 60 °C</li><li>Packing material: Spherical, Fully Porous</li><li>Carbon load: 13.0 %</li><li>End-capped: Yes</li><li>Product line: ION</li></ul>The mobile phase composition (methanol-formic acid-ammonium formate) has been optimized for preparative applications to provide high column loadability, fast analyte elution, and good peak shape. Moreover, the buffer allows for simple product harvesting by solvent evaporation and subsequent ammonium formate sublimation 50 °C / 10 torr.The anion exchangers are perfect for the purification of organic acids and their chiral separation. They are very efficient in the chiral resolution of amino acids, but also other derivatives, such as amino phosphonic acids. Aminophosphonic acids are important precursors in the synthesis of phosphopeptidomimetics, which may potentially serve as new-generation pharmaceuticals.

Phenomenex Axia Preparative LC Columns

Available in over 40 unique achiral and chiral selectivities, Axia advanced preparative column packings and column hardware designs offer several advantages.

Guaranteed, Longest Lasting Preparative HPLC and SFC ColumnAvailable in over 40 unique achiral and chiral selectivities, Axia advanced preparative column packings and column hardware designs offer several advantages. Unlike traditional preparative HPLC column packing methods, the Axia packing method offers increased sorbent bed density for increased performance and eliminates media bed collapse as a source of premature column failure in preparative HPLC/SFC columns.<h3>Axia Packed Preparative HPLC Columns</h3><h4>Axia Single Axial Compression Step</h4>Axia packed preparative columns involve a single axial compression step, unlike conventional packed preparative columns. The ideal prep HPLC column bed density is custom calculated and automated for each specific media and column size. Computer control of the entire process ensures both proper bed density and column uniformity every time.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Axia_Packing_Technology_1785ff0442.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Axia Packing Technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Axia_Packing_Technology_1785ff0442.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="917" height="560"><h4>Unmatched Column Reproducibility</h4>The automated Axia™ packing system provides feedback control and infinite tuning of packing density for specific media characteristics such as mechanical strength and porosity. An optimum higher bed density can be consistently reproduced column-to-column. This directly translates into consistent efficiency and peak asymmetry measurements and decreases the column variability seen in traditionally packed preparative columns.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Unmatched_Column_Reproducibility_a752be8dd5.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Unmatched Column Reproducibility" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Unmatched_Column_Reproducibility_a752be8dd5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="995" height="534"><h3>Seamless Scalability to Increase Sample Load</h3><h4>Increase Column Length</h4>Increase sample load without increasing your flow rate by using a longer column. With Axia technology, each preparative column is optimized for:<ul><li>Analytical-like efficiency</li><li>Long column lifetime</li><li>High sample load with high surface area media such as Kinetex, Aeris, Gemini, Luna, Luna Omega, or Synergi</li></ul><h4>Increase Column ID</h4>For maximizing load without increasing the run time, consider scaling up to a larger column ID. Axia packed columns provide the three important benefits you need.<ul><li>Reproducible performance across all column diameters</li><li>Increased throughput without sacrificing purity</li><li>High efficiency from analytical to preparative</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Increase_Column_ID_a45d7f8aa3.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Increase Column ID" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Increase_Column_ID_a45d7f8aa3.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="908" height="910"><h3>Axia Technology Outperforms Traditional Packing Processes!</h3>Because of the constant pressure placed on the integrated packing piston, Axia packed columns possess the dynamic capability of maintaining a consistent, homogeneous media bed. This results in superior column performance no matter which media selectivity you choose.<h3>How to choose the right column</h3><h5>Acidic Compounds</h5><ul><li>Kinetex XB-C18</li><li>Gemini C18</li></ul><h5>Aromatic</h5><ul><li>Luna Phenyl-Hexyl</li><li>Kinetex Biphenyl</li></ul><h5>Closely Related Compounds</h5><ul><li>Kinetex F5</li><li>Luna PFP(2)</li></ul><h5>Extremely Hydrophobic</h5><ul><li>Kinetex C8</li><li>Luna C8(2)</li></ul><h5>Extremely Polar</h5><ul><li>Luna HILIC(2)</li><li>Kinetex HILIC</li></ul><h5>Hydrophobic Compounds</h5><ul><li>Luna C18(2)</li><li>Kinetex C18</li></ul><h5>Polar Acids</h5><ul><li>Luna Omega Polar C18</li><li>Kinetex Polar C18</li></ul><h5>Polar Bases</h5><ul><li>Luna Omega PS C18</li><li>Kinetex PS C18</li></ul><h5>Sugars</h5><ul><li>Luna NH(2)</li></ul><h5>Chiral</h5><ul><li>Lux i-Amylose-3</li><li>Lux Cellulose-1</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System

The Lab Prep LC system is designed for your more demanding semi-preparative separations. You can customize a highly flexible LC system with the freely combinable components.

AZURA® Preparative HPLC Customized purificationAZURA® preparative systems are the perfect solution for frequently changing separation tasks – from milligram to kilogram scale. Design your AZURA preparative system to your needs and combine flexibility and reliability.<h5>Customaze your system</h5>AZURA® Prep systems are tailor-made for you. Configure your system from injection to detection and choose between different materials, flow rates, valves, and detectors.<h5>Easy scale up from compact to pilot systems</h5>Due to the flexible design of our devices, you can easily change parts like pump heads or flow cells and integrate all components of the compact into the pilot-scale system.<h5>Stacked injections, peak &amp; solvent recycling</h5>AZURA® Prep systems can be used for special separation modes like peak recycling and stacked injections. We help you to configure your system and choose the best software for you.<h3>Flexibility and performance</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg" alt="KNAUER AZURA® Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1059"><h2>AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System</h2>The Lab Prep LC system is designed for your more demanding semi-preparative separations. You can customize a highly flexible LC system with the freely combinable components. With a maximum flow rate of 50 ml/min, it is possible to separate up to several hundred milligrams per run.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_2_1e66bf8898.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System ." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_2_1e66bf8898.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1588" height="615"><ul><li data-start="93" data-end="156">Lab Prep HPLC system with binary high-pressure gradient</li><li data-start="157" data-end="193">Up to 200 bar operating pressure</li><li data-start="194" data-end="263">Injection volumes up to 10 ml via sample pump or manual injection</li><li data-start="264" data-end="329">Injection system: Injection valve with 500 μl sample loop</li><li data-start="330" data-end="400">Detection system: UV/VIS detector with one variable wavelength</li><li data-start="401" data-end="453">Supports UVD (VWD, MWD, DAD), RID, FLD, ELSD, MS</li><li data-start="454" data-end="513">Column selection: Compatible with 4–20 mm column ID</li><li data-start="514" data-end="571">Fraction collection: Automated fraction collector</li><li data-start="572" data-end="804">Software:<ul data-start="592" data-end="804"><li data-start="592" data-end="655">Intuitive PurityChrom® for direct control and visualization</li><li data-start="658" data-end="724">Enhanced preparative LC software with functional visualization</li><li data-start="727" data-end="804">GMP (21 CFR part 11) compliant software and certificates for wetted parts</li></ul></li><li data-start="805" data-end="873">User-friendly operation: Safe and easy-to-use system control</li></ul><h3>Method transfer from analysis of chamazulen to preparative scale</h3>Chamomile plants are known for their medical properties, having among others anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and sedative effects. These are due to the various phenolic compounds, one of them being matricine, which is converted during the distillation process to chamazulene. The characteristic blue color of chamomile essential oils, known as “chamomile blue,” is due to chamazulene. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The present application tested preparative HPLC to purify chamazulene from commercially available “chamomile blue” oil.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1920/1920;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_afb37010e0.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_afb37010e0.webp 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1920"></figure><h3>Results</h3><h5>Fractionation/Purification</h5>The separation of chamazulene was optimized on an analytical scale, and the two-step gradient method was transferred to a preparative scale. Chamazulene purification was performed on a C18 250×20 mm column at 25 ml/min. Fractionation of chamazulene was conducted using the threshold function of PurityChrom software.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:936/701;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_3_4403900c2b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System: Fig. 1: Chromatogram of preparative separation of chamazulene blue, collected fraction highlighted in red, 1 ml sample injection" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_3_4403900c2b.jpg 209w," sizes="100vw" width="936" height="701"></figure>The collected fraction was analyzed by analytical HPLC and revealed nearly 100% purity. Chromatogram overlay of the fraction, chamazulene standard, and the sample clearly showed the successful purification of chamazulene (Fig. 2).<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:881/457;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_4_4964fc9d9a.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System: Fig. 2: Chromatogram overlay" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_4_4964fc9d9a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="881" height="457"></figure>Furthermore, the comparison of the fraction spectra and chamazulene spectra (Fig. 3) confirmed that the purified fraction was chamazulene.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:963/484;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_5_117b12a2eb.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Lab Prep HPLC System: Fig. 3: Spectral view of fraction (-) and of chamazulen standard (-)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Lab_Prep_HPLC_System_5_117b12a2eb.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="963" height="484"></figure>

KNAUER AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System

Choose the Pilot Prep LC system if you want to increase your productivity even more. As for the AZURA Lab Prep LC system you can freely build up your system. Flow rates up to 1 000 ml/min and loads up to several grams are possible.

AZURA® Preparative HPLC Customized purificationAZURA® preparative systems are the perfect solution for frequently changing separation tasks – from milligram to kilogram scale. Design your AZURA preparative system to your needs and combine flexibility and reliability.<h5>Customaze your system</h5>AZURA® Prep systems are tailor-made for you. Configure your system from injection to detection and choose between different materials, flow rates, valves, and detectors.<h5>Easy scale up from compact to pilot systems</h5>Due to the flexible design of our devices, you can easily change parts like pump heads or flow cells and integrate all components of the compact into the pilot-scale system.<h5>Stacked injections, peak &amp; solvent recycling</h5>AZURA® Prep systems can be used for special separation modes like peak recycling and stacked injections. We help you to configure your system and choose the best software for you.<h3>Flexibility and performance</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg" alt="KNAUER AZURA® Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Prep_HPLC_System_90fef641c3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1059"><h2>AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System</h2>Choose the Pilot Prep LC system if you want to increase your productivity even more. As for the AZURA Lab Prep LC system you can freely build up your system. Flow rates up to 1 000 ml/min and loads up to several grams are possible. Optional peak and solvent recycling can be set up to increase separation power and reduce separation costs significantly<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_5_f41d299a7c.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_5_f41d299a7c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1492" height="597"><ul><li data-start="1517" data-end="1580">Pilot Prep HPLC system with binary high-pressure gradient</li><li data-start="1581" data-end="1630">Binary or ternary HPG/LPG, isocratic flow modes</li><li data-start="1631" data-end="1661">Flow rates up to 1000 ml/min</li><li data-start="1662" data-end="1695">20-150 mm recommended column ID</li><li data-start="1696" data-end="1799">Injection system: Sample pump with injection valve for automated handling of large sample volumes</li><li data-start="1800" data-end="1931">Detection system: Supports UVD (VWD, MWD, DAD), RID, FLD, ELSD, MS with split-free UV detection and various flow cell designs</li><li data-start="1932" data-end="2040">Fraction collection: 12-port fractionation valve for automated collection of small and large fractions</li><li data-start="2041" data-end="2080">Stacked injection for high-throughput</li><li data-start="2081" data-end="2156">Software: Intuitive PurityChrom® for direct control and visualization</li><li data-start="2157" data-end="2259">Regulatory compliance: GMP (21 CFR part 11) compliant software and certificates for wetted parts</li><li data-start="2260" data-end="2381">Efficiency features: Solvent recycling to reduce costs and environmental impact, peak-recycling for high resolution</li><li data-start="2382" data-end="2486">High-throughput applications: Liquid handler enables purification of peptides and oligonucleotides</li></ul><h3>Improved purity by combining online SPE with preparative LC</h3>Steviol glycosides are the main sweetening compounds in Stevia rebaudiana and are often used as natural sugar substitutes. To enable commercial usage, the plant extracts need to be purified. In this work, preparative online SPE (solid phase extraction) with the AZURA Pilot Prep LC was investigated for improving overall purity by reducing matrix contamination.The steviol glycoside rebaudioside A is the main compound of interest as it is the sweetest and least bitter compound of the extract. Often, Stevia products contain a mixture of rebaudioside A and stevioside. Developing a purification method with a high yield of rebaudioside A, minimal stevioside impurities, and high throughput increases the economic output of Stevia production.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_87addb89e7.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_87addb89e7.jpg 159w," sizes="100vw" width="1689" height="1656"><h3>Results</h3>Fig. 1 shows the batch LC without online SPE. The matrix peak (1-5 min) negatively affects the separation abilities.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_2_625c29b0f1.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System : Overload experiments on preparative column, 200 μL (red), 500 μL (blue), 2000μL (green); 1) rebaudioside A, 2) stevioside, blue bars – matrix, 25°C, 22 ml/min." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_2_625c29b0f1.jpg 243w," sizes="100vw" width="893" height="573">In comparison, Fig. 2 shows that the automated SPE process significantly decreased the matrix. The fraction analysis revealed that only a small part of the overlapping peak contained nearly pure rebaudioside A; fractions 3-5, approximately 15 mL, had &gt;90% rebaudioside A and &lt;10% stevioside (Fig. 3B).&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_3_3aa3c283b2.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System: Preparative online SPE, 10 mL loading; 1) rebaudioside A, 2) stevioside, blue bars – matrix, 25°C, 22 mL/min." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_3_3aa3c283b2.jpg 243w," sizes="100vw" width="867" height="557">The later fractions contained high amounts of stevioside but also still rebaudioside A (Fig. 3C). The results showed that purification of highly pure rebaudioside A is possible with an additional online SPE.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_4_e0816cbf59.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Pilot Prep HPLC System: Fraction analysis of preparative online-SPE purification (Fig.2) of rebaudioside A (1) and stevioside (2); a) F3 (blue), F4 (red), F5 (green), F6 (light blue); b) F7 (red dashed), F10 (blue dashed), F12 (green sashed), F15 (light blue dashed); c) frac- tionation of target peak, 5 mL fractions." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Pilot_Prep_HPLC_System_4_e0816cbf59.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="916" height="550">

Products focused on PrepLC - page 2

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