<p><strong>Microplastics have emerged as one of the most widely discussed environmental contaminants of our time. Regardless of where we live, daily exposure to microplastics has become virtually unavoidable—these tiny plastic particles are present in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the environments we inhabit. As researchers work to better understand the sources, transport pathways, and impacts of microplastics, the demand for reliable microplastic analysis methods continues to grow.</strong></p><p>While techniques such as FTIR and Raman spectroscopy have become standard tools for identifying microplastics, their utility is limited for smaller particles (i.e. nanoplastics) and in complex matrices. More advanced microplastic analysis methods can provide a deeper understanding of what these particles contain and how they may change over time in the environment.</p><div><h3><strong>The Limits of Spectroscopic Microplastic Analysis Methods</strong></h3><p><strong>Fourier-Transform Infrared</strong> (<strong>FTIR</strong>) and <strong>Raman spectroscopy </strong>are widely used microplastic analysis methods because they can<strong> identify polymer types</strong> by measuring how electromagnetic radiation interacts with a material. These techniques are valuable for determining whether a particle is polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or another common plastic. For many studies, this information is sufficient to confirm the presence of microplastics, especially in clean samples with sufficient microplastic density.</p><p>However, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/environmental/"><strong>environmental samples</strong></a> are rarely clean and compositionally simple. Microplastic particles can become weathered and obscured by other materials in the environment, making their accurate identification with spectroscopy difficult. Additionally, if researchers want to understand what additives, degradation products, or pollutants are associated with the plastic, particle identification alone is not enough. Thus, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy methods alone struggle to thoroughly characterize these complex chemical components, particularly in challenging environmental matrices. As questions surrounding microplastic exposure become increasingly important, researchers require analytical techniques capable of examining the chemistry of a sample in greater detail, not simply confirming the presence of the physical particle itself.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS For Deeper Microplastic Analysis</strong></h3><p><strong>Thermal Desorption</strong> (<strong>TD</strong>) and <strong>Pyrolysis </strong>(<strong>Py</strong>) coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/core-analysis/gc-and-gc-ms/"><strong>GCxGC-TOFMS</strong></a>) offer a powerful alternative for investigating nano- and microplastics in complex samples. These techniques provide complementary information about sample composition.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Thermal desorption</strong> releases volatile and adsorbed compounds, including environmental contaminants, degradation products, and VOCs associated with microplastic particles. This can reveal important information about chemicals present within or on the plastic.</p><p><strong>Pyrolysis </strong>thermally deconstructs the polymeric material, breaking it into GC-amenable characteristic degradation compounds. These compounds act as chemical markers that can be used to identify the various polymers present. When analyzing complex or heavily weathered microplastics that may be difficult to characterize using traditional spectroscopic techniques, pyrolysis is particularly advantageous.</p><p>The most significant benefit comes from pairing these techniques with comprehensive <strong>two-dimensional gas chromatography</strong>. Environmental samples often contain hundreds or even thousands of compounds that coelute in 1D GC-MS, making it difficult or impossible to identify each compound. GCxGC provides significantly greater separation capability, helping analysts distinguish important polymer markers from background matrix components. This enhanced separation improves the mass spectrometer’s ability to identify characteristic polymer pyrolysis products, even in highly complex environmental samples. As a result, researchers can detect and identify challenging microplastics without the extensive purification steps often required by other analytical workflows.</p><p>Another unique advantage of this approach is that thermal desorption and pyrolysis can be used in series on the same sample. Together, they create a more complete chemical profile of the sample.</p></div><div><h3><strong>A Powerful Microplastics Analysis Workflow for Deeper Insight into the Effects on Our Environment</strong></h3><p>FTIR and Raman spectroscopy remain valuable tools for rapid screening and flagging samples containing microplastic particles. However, by<strong> combining thermal desorption, pyrolysis, and GCxGC-TOFMS</strong>, analysts can obtain a <strong>much more comprehensive view of plastic</strong>s in their samples and their environmental implications. As environmental research continues to advance and concerns surrounding microplastic contamination grow, researchers will increasingly require information that extends beyond answering the question,&nbsp;<i>“What plastic is present?”&nbsp;</i>&nbsp;</p><p>Ultimately, this deeper level of characterization can provide new insights into the environmental fate of microplastics and help scientists better understand their potential impacts on ecosystems and human exposure.</p></div>

Surpassing the Limits of Traditional Microplastic Analysis Methods with Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS

Oligonucleotide and mRNA Analysis Resource Roundup

<p><strong>NIST26 introduces integrated chromatogram processing, deconvolution, and library searching for EI GC-MS and LC-MS/MS data, but the workflow begins with one essential requirement: chromatographic data must be available in the mzML format. In his presentation </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/Conversion_to_mz_ML_63e134bb34.pdf"><i><strong>Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing</strong></i></a><strong>, James Little of Mass Spec Interpretation Services explains how vendor data can be converted to mzML using either instrument-vendor software or the freely available MSConvert tool from ProteoWizard, and highlights several settings that are critical for successful processing in NIST26.</strong></p><h4><span><strong>NIST26 Chromatogram processing requires mzML</strong></span></h4><p>For the chromatogram-processing workflow described in the presentation, <strong>mzML is the accepted input format</strong>. Proprietary LC-MS or GC-MS data therefore need to be converted before they can be loaded into the NIST26 chromatogram-processing environment.</p><p>There are two principal ways to obtain an mzML file:</p><ul><li>conversion using software supplied by the instrument manufacturer,</li><li>conversion using <strong>MSConvert</strong>, which is included in the free <strong>ProteoWizard</strong> software package.</li></ul><p>Using an open format such as mzML also provides a practical way to move mass spectrometry data between different software environments without relying exclusively on proprietary vendor formats.</p><h4><span><strong>Using ProteoWizard and MSConvert</strong></span></h4><p>MSConvert is installed as part of the complete ProteoWizard package rather than as a separate application. After installing ProteoWizard, users can access either the graphical MSConvert interface or the command-line version.</p><p>The presentation recommends the stable release for routine work, while noting that newer or nightly builds may sometimes provide improved support for recently introduced vendor formats or additional control over data-processing filters. This can be particularly relevant when handling vendor files in which centroiding behavior or peak picking requires closer attention.</p><p>For most users, the graphical interface provides a straightforward route from proprietary raw data to an mzML file suitable for further NIST26 processing.</p><h4><span><strong>Start by selecting mzML as the output format</strong></span></h4><p>The first step in MSConvert is to select the source file or dataset using the <strong>Browse</strong> function.</p><p>The software supports a broad range of mass spectrometry data formats, and the file-selection window can either be restricted to a particular vendor format or set to display any supported spectral format.</p><p>After selecting the source data, the output format must be set to <strong>mzML</strong>. The screenshots in the presentation show this setting directly in the MSConvert options panel before the conversion is started.</p><p>The user can also select the destination folder and other file-output options before adding the selected dataset to the conversion queue.</p><h4><span><strong>Add the data and start the conversion</strong></span></h4><p>Once the source file and output settings have been selected, the file is added to the conversion list using the <strong>Add</strong> command.</p><p>The conversion itself is then launched with <strong>Start</strong>.</p><p>For simple datasets that are already stored in the correct spectral representation, this may be all that is required. However, James Little emphasizes an additional requirement that is particularly important for NIST26: the data must be <strong>centroided</strong>.</p><h4><span><strong>Centroided data are required</strong></span></h4><p>According to the presentation, <strong>profile-mode data are not acceptable for this NIST26 chromatogram-processing workflow</strong>. The spectra must instead be in centroided, or peak-picked, form.</p><p>Profile spectra contain the full measured shape of each mass spectral signal across the m/z axis. Centroided data reduce these profiles to discrete peaks represented by their characteristic m/z and intensity values.</p><p>If the original vendor data are still in profile mode, centroiding can be performed during conversion by adding the <strong>Peak Picking</strong> filter in MSConvert.</p><p>This means that the conversion step can perform two operations at once:</p><p><strong>vendor raw data → centroiding / peak picking → mzML</strong></p><p>The resulting mzML file can then be used as input for NIST26 chromatogram processing.</p><h4><span><strong>Peak Picking must be the first filter</strong></span></h4><p>One of the most important practical details in the presentation is the position of the Peak Picking operation in the MSConvert filter sequence.</p><p>If centroiding is required, <strong>Peak Picking must be the first algorithm or filter in the list</strong>. Placing another processing function before it can interfere with the intended conversion workflow.</p><p>MSConvert allows the user to select the Peak Picking filter, define the relevant MS levels, and add it to the processing sequence before starting conversion. The example shown in the presentation applies vendor-based peak picking to selected MS levels.</p><p>If there is uncertainty about whether the source data are already centroided, the Peak Picking filter can still be included. According to the presentation, applying it to data that are already centroided does not alter the file unnecessarily.</p><p>This provides a useful safeguard when the acquisition mode of an older dataset is uncertain.</p><h4><span><strong>Selecting the appropriate MS levels</strong></span></h4><p>Peak picking does not necessarily have to be applied identically to every spectrum in a dataset. MSConvert allows users to specify the <strong>MS levels</strong> to which the filter should be applied.</p><p>This is especially relevant for LC-MS/MS data, where a file can contain both precursor-level MS spectra and tandem MS spectra.</p><p>The conversion settings should therefore reflect the way the original data were acquired and how those data will subsequently be processed in NIST26.</p><h4><span><strong>Be aware of changes in file size</strong></span></h4><p>The presentation also notes that converted files may become substantially different in size from the original vendor files.</p><p>This is worth considering when working with large LC-MS/MS datasets or processing batches of chromatograms. The size of the resulting mzML file can depend on the original acquisition mode, centroiding, compression settings, the number of MS levels, and other output parameters.</p><p>Storage requirements should therefore be considered before converting large collections of raw data.</p><h4><span><strong>A simple workflow for preparing data for NIST26</strong></span></h4><p>The overall procedure presented by James Little can be summarized as a short sequence:</p><ol><li>Obtain the original vendor LC-MS or GC-MS data.</li><li>Open the data in MSConvert or use the vendor's own conversion software.</li><li>Select <strong>mzML</strong> as the output format.</li><li>Check whether the spectra are centroided.</li><li>If necessary, add <strong>Peak Picking</strong> as the first processing filter.</li><li>Select the appropriate MS levels.</li><li>Add the file to the conversion list.</li><li>Start the conversion.</li><li>Use the resulting mzML file for NIST26 chromatogram processing.</li></ol><p>The procedure itself is straightforward, but the centroiding requirement is important. A file can have the correct <code>.mzML</code> extension and still be unsuitable for the workflow if its spectra remain in profile mode.</p><h4><span><strong>From vendor data to integrated NIST26 processing</strong></span></h4><p>File conversion may appear to be a relatively minor step compared with deconvolution, spectral interpretation, and library searching, but it establishes the foundation for the entire downstream workflow.</p><p>By using mzML as the common input format, NIST26 can process data originating from different instrument platforms through a more consistent workflow. ProteoWizard and MSConvert provide a practical bridge between proprietary mass spectrometry files and this standardized format.</p><p>The key message from the presentation is therefore simple: <strong>convert to mzML, ensure the spectra are centroided, and place Peak Picking first whenever centroiding is required</strong>. Once those conditions are met, the data are ready for the integrated chromatogram-processing and library-searching capabilities available in NIST26.</p>

Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing

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In 1936, the Laboratory Equipment Company introduced the first rapid carbon determinator for the American iron and steel industry.  Today, almost 80 years later, LECO is recognized globally as a leader in the development of high-quality analytical instrumentation, mass spectrometers, comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography, metallography & optical equipment as well as consumables.

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James Little/Mass Spec Interpretation Services

KNAUER AZURA MWD 2.1L Multiwavelength Detector

KNAUER AZURA® MWD 2.1L is an 8-channel UV/VIS detector with 190–700 nm coverage, LightGuide technology, high sensitivity, and upgradeability to a DAD system.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA® MWD 2.1L is a sensitive 8-channel UV/VIS multiwavelength detector designed for analytical, semi-preparative, and preparative liquid chromatography. Combining excellent performance, user-friendly operation, and affordability, it provides a versatile solution for routine and advanced LC applications.</strong></p><p>The detector features a newly developed optical unit and intelligent temperature management to ensure maximum sensitivity with minimal baseline drift. Optional LightGuide flow cells based on total internal reflection technology maximize light throughput and minimize peak dispersion, resulting in an optimized signal-to-noise ratio. An optional fiber-optic adapter allows physical separation of the flow cell from the detector, increasing safety when handling hazardous, explosive, or toxic materials.</p><p>The <strong>AZURA® MWD 2.1L</strong> can also be upgraded to a full <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2423"><strong>AZURA® DAD 2.1L diode array detector</strong></a>, protecting future investments and enabling greater analytical flexibility.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li>Sensitive <strong>8-channel UV/VIS multiwavelength detector</strong></li><li>Wavelength range<strong> from 190 to 700 nm</strong></li><li>Simultaneous monitoring of <strong>up to 8 digital channels</strong></li><li>LightGuide flow cell technology for improved sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio</li><li>Intelligent temperature management for minimal baseline drift</li><li>Wide selection of analytical, semi-preparative, and preparative flow cells</li><li>Optional fiber-optic adapter for remote flow cell positioning</li><li>Internal holmium filter for wavelength verification</li><li>Integrated leak sensor</li><li>Front-access lamp replacement</li><li>Upgradeable to the AZURA® DAD 2.1L diode array detector</li><li>Compatible with <strong>ClarityChrom®, OpenLAB®, Chromeleon™, PurityChrom®</strong>, and <strong>Mobile Control</strong></li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Detection System</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Detector type: </strong>Multiwavelength Detector (MWD)</li><li><strong>Digital channels: </strong>8</li><li><strong>Analog channels:</strong> 4</li><li><strong>Light source: </strong>Deuterium lamp with integrated GLP chip</li><li><strong>Wavelength range: </strong>190–700 nm</li><li><strong>Spectral resolution: </strong>&lt;10 nm (FWHM)</li><li><strong>Slit width: </strong>7.0 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelength accuracy: </strong>±1 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelength repeatability: </strong>±0.1 nm</li></ul><h4><strong>Performance</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Noise:</strong> ±5 µAU at 254 nm</li><li><strong>Drift:</strong> 400 µAU/h at 254 nm</li><li><strong>Linearity:</strong> &gt;2.0 AU at 274 nm</li><li><strong>Maximum data rate:</strong><ul><li>100 Hz via LAN</li><li>12.5 Hz via analog output</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Flow Cells</strong></h4><ul><li>Flow cells sold separately</li><li>Stainless-steel and bio-inert configurations available</li><li>Optional LightGuide total-reflection technology</li></ul><h4><strong>Control and Communication</strong></h4><ul><li>LAN (RJ-45)</li><li>USB service interface</li><li>Analog inputs and outputs</li><li>Mobile Control stand-alone operation</li><li>Full software integration with chromatography data systems</li></ul><h4><strong>GLP Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Lamp identification</li><li>Lamp operating hours</li><li>Lamp ignition count</li><li>Comprehensive GLP reporting</li></ul><h4><strong>Power and Dimensions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Power supply:</strong> 100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li><strong>Power consumption: </strong>75 W</li><li><strong>Dimensions (W × H × D):</strong> 361 × 158 × 523 mm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 12.2 kg</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA VWD 2.1L Variable Wavelength Detector

Flexible UV/VIS detector with up to four wavelengths, conductivity, temperature, and optional pH monitoring. Ideal for HPLC, FPLC, and purification applications.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA® VWD 2.1L is a versatile variable wavelength detector designed for analytical HPLC, FPLC, and purification applications. Combining UV/VIS detection with optional conductivity, temperature, and pH monitoring, it provides exceptional flexibility for a wide range of chromatographic workflows.</strong></p><p>The detector supports simultaneous monitoring of up to four UV/VIS wavelengths across a broad spectral range from 190 to 900 nm. When equipped with KNAUER’s patented <strong>CombiLight flow cell</strong>, it can simultaneously measure UV absorbance, conductivity, and eluent temperature. An optional pH electrode further extends functionality by enabling real-time pH monitoring during chromatographic separations.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li>Variable wavelength UV/VIS detector <strong>for analytical HPLC and FPLC</strong></li><li>Simultaneous monitoring of <strong>up to 4 UV/VIS wavelengths</strong></li><li>Broad wavelength range from <strong>190 to 900 nm</strong></li><li>Optional conductivity monitoring up to <strong>1000 mS/cm</strong></li><li>Integrated temperature monitoring</li><li>Optional real-time pH measurement</li><li>Compatible with patented KNAUER CombiLight flow cell technology</li><li>Convertible between flow-cell and fiber-optic configurations</li><li>Internal holmium oxide filter for wavelength verification</li><li>Adjustable leak sensor for enhanced operational safety</li><li>Front-access lamp and flow-cell replacement</li><li>Comprehensive GLP functionality with component recognition</li><li>Suitable for analytical, preparative, and purification workflows</li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Detection System</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Detection channels:</strong><ul><li>4 × UV/VIS</li><li>1 × Conductivity</li><li>1 × Temperature</li><li>1 × pH</li></ul></li><li><strong>Wavelength range:</strong> 190–900 nm</li><li><strong>Light source:</strong><ul><li>High-brightness deuterium lamp</li><li>Halogen lamp</li><li>Integrated GLP chip</li></ul></li><li><strong>Flow cell:</strong> Not included</li><li><strong>Optional display:</strong> Mobile Control</li></ul><h4><strong>UV/VIS Performance</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Spectral bandwidth:</strong> 6 nm (FWHM)</li><li><strong>Wavelength accuracy: </strong>±1.5 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelength precision:</strong> 0.4 nm</li><li><strong>Baseline noise: </strong>±7.5 µAU at 254 nm</li><li><strong>Baseline drift:</strong> 200 µAU/h at 254 nm</li><li><strong>Linearity: </strong>&gt;2.5 AU at 274 nm</li><li><strong>Maximum data rate:</strong><ul><li>100 Hz (single UV channel)</li><li>5 Hz (four UV channels)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Conductivity Monitoring</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Measurement range: </strong>0.1–1000 mS/cm</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> ±2% or ±0.5 mS/cm (whichever is greater)</li></ul><h4><strong>pH Monitoring</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Measurement range: </strong>pH 0–14</li><li><strong>Accuracy: </strong>±0.1 pH (between pH 2–12)</li></ul><h4><strong>Temperature Monitoring</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Measurement range</strong>: 1–99 °C</li><li><strong>Accuracy</strong>: ±1.5 °C (4–40 °C)</li></ul><h4><strong>System Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Internal holmium oxide filter for wavelength verification</li><li>Adjustable leak sensor</li><li>Automatic integration time</li><li>User-selectable time constants:</li></ul><h4><strong>GLP Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Lamp recognition</li><li>Operating hours tracking</li><li>Light source lifetime monitoring</li><li>Flow-cell recognition</li><li>Detailed GLP reporting</li></ul><h4><strong>Maintenance</strong></h4><ul><li>Front-accessible deuterium lamp</li><li>Front-accessible halogen lamp</li><li>Front-accessible flow cell</li><li>Simplified service procedures</li></ul><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><ul><li>Analytical HPLC</li><li>FPLC systems</li><li>Protein purification</li><li>Biopharmaceutical analysis</li><li>Process chromatography</li><li>Preparative chromatography</li><li>Method development</li><li>Quality control laboratories</li><li>UV/VIS monitoring of purification processes</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA UVD 2.1L UV/VIS Detector

Compact and affordable UV/VIS detector for routine HPLC and fast LC applications, featuring 190–750 nm wavelength range and flexible flow-cell options.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA® UVD 2.1L is a cost-effective UV/VIS detector designed for routine HPLC applications, including fast liquid chromatography methods. Combining reliable performance, compact dimensions, and flexible flow-cell options, it provides an ideal solution for analytical and preparative chromatography laboratories seeking dependable UV detection at an attractive price point.</strong></p><p>The detector utilizes a deuterium lamp covering the wavelength range <strong>from 190 to 750 nm</strong> and offers excellent sensitivity and stability for everyday chromatographic analysis. Its smart mechanical design allows quick and easy access to the flow cell, minimizing maintenance time and maximizing instrument uptime.</p><p>A wide range of interchangeable flow cells is available, including stainless-steel and bio-inert versions suitable for analytical, semi-preparative, and preparative LC applications with <strong>flow rates ranging from 10 μL/min up to 10 L/min</strong>. The detector integrates seamlessly into virtually any LC system through LAN communication, analog I/O, and compatibility with leading chromatography software packages.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Cost-effective UV/VIS detector </strong>for routine HPLC applications</li><li>Suitable for fast LC methods</li><li>Wavelength range <strong>from 190 to 750 nm</strong></li><li>Single-channel variable wavelength detection</li><li><strong>Deuterium lamp </strong>with integrated GLP chip</li><li>Compact and robust instrument design</li><li>Easily accessible flow cell for rapid replacement</li><li>Wide selection of interchangeable flow cells</li><li>Compatible with analytical and preparative LC applications</li><li><strong>Flow rates from 10 μL/min up to 10 L/min</strong></li><li>Integrated leak sensor</li><li>Automatic integration time adjustment</li><li>LAN and analog communication interfaces</li><li>Comprehensive GLP functionality</li><li><strong>Compatible with ClarityChrom®, OpenLAB®, Chromeleon™, ChromGate®, PurityChrom®</strong>, and <strong>Mobile Control</strong></li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Detection System</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Detection channels:</strong> 1</li><li><strong>Light source: </strong>Deuterium (D₂) lamp with integrated GLP chip</li><li><strong>Wavelength range:</strong> 190–750 nm</li><li><strong>Spectral bandwidth: </strong>11 nm (FWHM)</li><li><strong>Wavelength accuracy:</strong> ±2.5 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelength precision:</strong> 0.3 nm</li></ul><h4><strong>Performance</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Noise:</strong> ±15 µAU at 254 nm</li><li><strong>Drift: </strong>300 µAU/h at 254 nm</li><li><strong>Linearity:</strong> &gt;2.0 AU at 274 nm</li><li><strong>Maximum data rate:</strong><ul><li>50 Hz via LAN</li><li>20 Hz via analog output</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Flow Cells</strong></h4><ul><li>Flow cells sold separately</li><li>Stainless-steel and bio-inert options available</li><li>Suitable for analytical and preparative chromatography</li><li>Flow rates from 10 μL/min to 10 L/min</li></ul><h4><strong>Communication and Control</strong></h4><ul><li>LAN communication</li><li>Analog input/output</li><li>Mobile Control software</li><li>Event control</li><li>Terminal protocol</li></ul><h4><strong>Inputs</strong></h4><ul><li>Error (IN)</li><li>Start (IN)</li><li>Autozero</li><li>0–10 V Analog (IN)</li></ul><h4><strong>Outputs</strong></h4><ul><li>Events 1–3</li><li>+5 V</li><li>24 V Valve</li></ul><h4><strong>Analog Output</strong></h4><ul><li>1 × 0–5 V scalable</li><li>20-bit resolution</li><li>Adjustable offset</li></ul><h4><strong>Programming Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Timed wavelength programming</li><li>Event programming</li><li>Fraction valve control</li><li>Wake-up functions</li><li>Up to 9 programs</li><li>Up to 50 program lines</li></ul><h4><strong>GLP Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Lamp recognition</li><li>Operating hours tracking</li><li>Lamp operating hours</li><li>Lamp ignition counter</li><li>Detailed GLP reports</li></ul><h4><strong>Safety and Maintenance</strong></h4><ul><li>Integrated leak sensor</li><li>Easy-access flow cell compartment</li><li>Front-access maintenance</li><li>Minimal downtime for service operations</li></ul><h4><strong>Environmental Conditions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Operating temperature:</strong> 4–40 °C</li><li><strong>Humidity:</strong> &lt;90% non-condensing</li></ul><h4><strong>Power and Dimensions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Power supply: </strong>100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li><strong>Power consumption: </strong>65 W</li><li><strong>Dimensions (W × H × D):</strong> 361 × 158 × 523 mm</li><li><strong>Weight: </strong>5.9 kg</li></ul><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><ul><li>Routine HPLC analysis</li><li>Fast LC methods</li><li>Pharmaceutical quality control</li><li>Food and beverage analysis</li><li>Environmental testing</li><li>Chemical analysis</li><li>Preparative liquid chromatography</li><li>Academic and research laboratories</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA UVD 2.1S UV Detector

Compact single-wavelength UV detector for routine HPLC applications with 190–500 nm range, flexible flow-cell options, and seamless software integration.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA® UVD 2.1S is a compact, cost-effective single-wavelength UV detector designed for routine HPLC applications. Despite its small footprint, it delivers reliable performance and excellent technical specifications, making it one of the most compact HPLC UV detectors available on the market.</strong></p><p>Equipped with a deuterium lamp covering the <strong>wavelength range from 190 to 500 nm</strong>, the detector is suitable for a broad range of analytical chromatography applications. Its intelligent design provides quick access to the flow cell, enabling fast replacement and simplified maintenance. A wide selection of interchangeable flow cells is available, including bio-inert and stainless-steel versions for analytical and preparative LC applications with <strong>flow rates ranging from 10 μL/min up to 10 L/min</strong>.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li>Compact single-wavelength UV detector for HPLC</li><li>One of the smallest HPLC UV detectors available</li><li>Wavelength range <strong>from 190 to 500 nm</strong></li><li>Deuterium lamp with integrated GLP chip</li><li>Suitable for routine analytical applications</li><li>Compact AZURA® housing design</li><li>Easily accessible flow cell for rapid replacement</li><li>Wide range of interchangeable flow cells available</li><li>Compatible with analytical and preparative LC applications</li><li><strong>Flow rates from 10 μL/min up to 10 L/min</strong></li><li>Stand-alone operation via front panel</li><li><strong>LAN, RS-232</strong>, and analog communication interfaces</li><li>Compatible with major chromatography data systems</li><li>Available as a module for <strong>AZURA® ASM 2.2L</strong></li><li>Low maintenance requirements</li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Detection System</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Detection channels: </strong>1</li><li><strong>Light source:</strong> Deuterium (D₂) lamp with integrated GLP chip</li><li><strong>Wavelength range:</strong> 190–500 nm</li><li><strong>Spectral bandwidth: </strong>13 nm (FWHM)</li><li><strong>Wavelength accuracy: </strong>±3 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelength precision: </strong>0.7 nm</li></ul><h4><strong>Performance</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Noise:</strong> ±20 µAU at 254 nm</li><li><strong>Drift:</strong> 300 µAU/h at 254 nm</li><li><strong>Linearity:</strong> &gt;2.0 AU at 274 nm</li><li><strong>Maximum data rate:</strong><ul><li>50 Hz via LAN</li><li>20 Hz via analog output</li><li>10 Hz via RS-232</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Flow Cells</strong></h4><ul><li>Flow cells sold separately</li><li>Bio-inert and stainless-steel options available</li><li>Suitable for analytical and preparative chromatography</li><li>Flow rates from 10 μL/min to 10 L/min</li></ul><h4><strong>Communication and Control</strong></h4><ul><li>Front panel operation</li><li>Mobile Control software</li><li>Software control</li><li>Event control</li><li>Analog control</li><li>Terminal protocol</li></ul><h4><strong>Interfaces</strong></h4><ul><li>LAN (RJ-45)</li><li>RS-232 (SUB-D 9)</li><li>Multi-pin connector</li><li>Analog interface (RCA connector)</li></ul><h4><strong>Inputs</strong></h4><ul><li>Autozero</li><li>Start (IN)</li><li>Error (IN/OUT)</li><li>0–10 V Analog Input</li></ul><h4><strong>Outputs</strong></h4><ul><li>Error (OUT/IN)</li></ul><h4><strong>Analog Signals</strong></h4><ul><li>Analog wavelength input: 0–10 V</li><li>Analog output: 1 × ±2.5 V scalable</li><li>Resolution: 20-bit</li></ul><h4><strong>GLP Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Lamp operating hours monitoring</li></ul><h4><strong>Display</strong></h4><ul><li>LED display</li></ul><h4><strong>Environmental Conditions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Operating temperature:</strong> 4–40 °C</li><li><strong>Humidity</strong>: &lt;90% non-condensing</li></ul><h4><strong>Power and Dimensions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Power supply:</strong><ul><li>Input: 100–240 V</li><li>Output: 24 V DC</li></ul></li><li><strong>Power consumption: </strong>60 W</li><li><strong>Dimensions (W × H × D):</strong> 121 × 129 × 187 mm</li><li><strong>Weight: </strong>1.5 kg</li></ul><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><ul><li>Routine HPLC analysis</li><li>Quality control laboratories</li><li>Pharmaceutical analysis</li><li>Food and beverage testing</li><li>Environmental analysis</li><li>Academic research</li><li>Preparative liquid chromatography</li><li>Compact and space-limited laboratory environments</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA RID 2.1L Refractive Index Detector

Sensitive refractive index detector for HPLC and GPC applications. Ideal for sugars, alcohols, lipids, and polymers with excellent stability and low maintenance.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA® RID 2.1L is a highly sensitive and cost-effective differential refractive index detector designed for compounds that exhibit little or no UV absorbance. It is ideally suited for the analysis of sugars, alcohols, lipids, polymers, and other non-UV active substances in analytical HPLC and selected GPC applications.</strong></p><p>The detector incorporates an intelligently designed optical system with advanced temperature control, ensuring exceptional sensitivity, rapid baseline stabilization, and excellent reproducibility. A long-life LED light source, highly pressure-resistant flow cell, integrated leak management, and advanced diagnostic functions contribute to reliable operation and minimal maintenance requirements.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li>Differential refractive index detector for <strong>analytical HPLC and selected GPC applications</strong></li><li>Ideal for compounds with little or no UV activity</li><li>Suitable for sugars, alcohols, lipids, polymers, and related compounds</li><li>Highly sensitive optical system with advanced temperature control</li><li>Fast baseline stabilization and excellent reproducibility</li><li><strong>Long-life LED light source</strong></li><li>Wide refractive index measurement range</li><li>High-pressure resistant flow cell included</li><li>Low dispersion volume for improved chromatographic performance</li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate up to 10 mL/min</strong></li><li>Integrated internal and external leak management</li><li>Comprehensive diagnostics and GLP reporting</li><li>LAN and analog connectivity</li><li><strong>Compatible with ClarityChrom®, OpenLAB®, Chromeleon™, PurityChrom®, and Mobile Control software</strong></li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Detection System</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Detection channels:</strong> 1</li><li><strong>Light source: L</strong>ong-life LED</li><li><strong>Refractive index range: </strong>1.00–1.75 RIU</li></ul><h4><strong>Performance</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Noise: </strong>±2.5 nRIU</li><li><strong>Drift: </strong>200 nRIU/h</li><li><strong>Linearity:</strong> &gt;1000 µRIU</li><li><strong>Maximum data rate:</strong><ul><li>100 Hz via LAN</li><li>20 Hz via analog output</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Flow Cell</strong></h4><ul><li>Included as standard</li><li><strong>Backpressure resistance:</strong> 5 bar</li><li><strong>Maximum flow rate: </strong>10 mL/min (water)</li><li><strong>Flow cell volume: </strong>15 µL</li><li><strong>Dispersion volume:</strong> 43 µL</li><li><strong>Wetted materials:</strong><ul><li>Stainless steel</li><li>Quartz</li><li>PTFE</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Temperature Control</strong></h4><ul><li>OFF mode available</li><li>Adjustable from 30 °C to 55 °C</li><li>1 °C increments</li></ul><h4><strong>System Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Full-range autozero</li><li>Internal leak sensor</li><li>External leak management</li><li>Advanced diagnostics functions</li></ul><h4><strong>Communication and Control</strong></h4><ul><li>Mobile Control software</li><li>Chromatography software control</li><li>Event control</li><li>Analog control</li><li>Terminal protocol</li></ul><h4><strong>Inputs</strong></h4><ul><li>Error (IN)</li><li>Start (IN)</li><li>Autozero</li><li>Flush (IN)</li></ul><h4><strong>Outputs</strong></h4><ul><li>Event 1</li><li>Start (OUT)</li><li>Error (OUT)</li><li>+5 V</li><li>24 V valve output</li></ul><h4><strong>Analog Output</strong></h4><ul><li>1 × 0–2.5 V scalable</li><li>20-bit resolution</li><li>Adjustable offset</li></ul><h4><strong>Interfaces</strong></h4><ul><li>2 × LAN (RJ-45, dual IP stack)</li><li>USB (service only)</li><li>Multi-pin connector</li><li>Analog interface (cinch connector)</li></ul><h4><strong>GLP Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Operating hours tracking</li><li>Light source operating hours</li><li>Detailed GLP reports</li></ul><h4><strong>Environmental Conditions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Operating temperature: </strong>4–40 °C</li><li><strong>Humidity:</strong> &lt;90% non-condensing</li></ul><h4><strong>Power and Dimensions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Power supply:</strong> 100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li><strong>Power consumption: </strong>65 W</li><li><strong>Dimensions (W × H × D):</strong> 361 × 158 × 523 mm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 10.8 kg</li></ul><h4><strong>Optional Accessories</strong></h4><ul><li>Mobile Control software interface</li></ul><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><ul><li>Sugar analysis</li><li>Carbohydrate profiling</li><li>Alcohol determination</li><li>Lipid analysis</li><li>Polymer characterization</li><li>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC)</li><li>Food and beverage testing</li><li>Pharmaceutical analysis</li><li>Chemical and petrochemical laboratories</li><li>Quality control and research applications</li></ul>

KNAUER RF-20A Fluorescence Detector

High-sensitivity fluorescence detector for HPLC with 200–650 nm wavelength range, ≥1200 S/N ratio, fast 10 ms response, and excellent trace-level detection performance.

<p><strong>The KNAUER RF-20A Fluorescence Detector is a highly sensitive fluorescence detector designed for demanding HPLC applications requiring exceptional selectivity and trace-level detection. Covering a wavelength range from 200 to 650 nm, the RF-20A delivers outstanding sensitivity, excellent reproducibility, and reliable operation for both routine and advanced chromatographic analyses.</strong></p><p>With a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 1200 for the water Raman band, the detector is ideally suited for trace-level determinations in pharmaceutical, environmental, food, and biochemical applications. A fast 10 ms response time supports high-speed chromatography without compromising chromatographic resolution. Time-programmed wavelength switching allows optimal excitation and emission settings throughout the run, enabling highly sensitive multi-component analysis.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li>High-sensitivity fluorescence detector for HPLC applications</li><li><strong>Wavelength range from 200 to 650 nm</strong></li><li><strong>Signal-to-noise ratio ≥1200</strong> (water Raman band)</li><li>Excellent performance for trace-level analysis</li><li><strong>Fast 10 ms response time</strong></li><li>Time-programmable wavelength switching</li><li>Multi-component analysis at optimal wavelengths</li><li><strong>Long-life xenon lamp</strong> (approx. 2,000 hours)</li><li>Front-accessible lamp and flow cell</li><li>No optical adjustment required after lamp replacement</li><li>Minimal maintenance requirements</li><li>Stand-alone operation via keypad and display</li><li><strong>Compatible with ClarityChrom®, OpenLAB®, and PurityChrom® software</strong></li><li>Easy integration into existing LC systems</li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Detection System</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Detection channels: </strong>1</li><li><strong>Number of signals:</strong> 1</li><li><strong>Light source: </strong>Xenon lamp</li><li><strong>Wavelength range:</strong> 200–650 nm</li><li><strong>Spectral bandwidth:</strong> 20 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelength accuracy:</strong> ±2 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelength precision:</strong> ±0.2 nm</li></ul><h4><strong>Sensitivity</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Signal-to-noise ratio: </strong>≥1200 (water Raman band)</li><li><strong>Sensitivity settings:</strong><ul><li>HIGH (×1)</li><li>MED (×32)</li><li>LOW (×1024)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Flow Cell</strong></h4><ul><li>Standard flow cell included</li><li><strong>Flow cell volume: </strong>12 µL</li><li><strong>Wetted materials:</strong><ul><li>SUS316L stainless steel</li><li>PTFE</li><li>Quartz</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Signal Processing</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Response time: </strong>10 ms</li><li><strong>Gain settings: </strong>×1, ×4, ×16</li></ul><h4><strong>Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Autozero function</li><li>Baseline shift function</li><li>Time-programmed wavelength switching</li></ul><h4><strong>Communication</strong></h4><ul><li>RS-232 interface</li><li>Analog output</li><li>Software control</li><li>Stand-alone operation via keypad and display</li></ul><h4><strong>Environmental Conditions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Operating temperature:</strong> 4–35 °C</li><li><strong>Relative humidity: </strong>20–85% (non-condensing)</li></ul><h4><strong>Power and Dimensions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Power supply: </strong>AC 220–240 V</li><li><strong>Frequency: </strong>50/60 Hz</li><li><strong>Power consumption: </strong>400 VA</li><li><strong>Dimensions (W × H × D):</strong> 260 × 210 × 420 mm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 16 kg</li></ul><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><ul><li>Pharmaceutical analysis</li><li>Impurity profiling</li><li>Environmental monitoring</li><li>Food and beverage testing</li><li>Amino acid analysis</li><li>Vitamin analysis</li><li>PAH analysis</li><li>Biomolecule detection</li><li>Trace contaminant determination</li><li>Research and quality control laboratories</li></ul>

KNAUER RF-20Axs Fluorescence Detector

High-sensitivity fluorescence detector with 200–750 nm range, temperature-controlled flow cell, ≥2000 S/N ratio, and exceptional performance for trace-level HPLC analysis.

<p><strong>The KNAUER RF-20Axs Fluorescence Detector is the high-performance version of the </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2430"><strong>RF-20A fluorescence detector</strong></a><strong> series, designed for laboratories requiring maximum sensitivity, exceptional reproducibility, and advanced validation capabilities. Covering a wavelength range from 200 to 750 nm, the detector supports both routine and demanding high-performance HPLC applications.</strong></p><p>With a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 2000 for the water Raman band, the RF-20Axs is ideally suited for trace-level analysis. The temperature-controlled flow cell with integrated cooling function ensures outstanding stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity, even during long analytical sequences. The detector’s fast 10 ms response time supports ultra-fast chromatography without compromising chromatographic resolution.</p><p>The RF-20Axs enables highly sensitive multi-component analysis through programmable wavelength switching during a chromatographic run. An integrated low-pressure mercury lamp allows convenient verification of wavelength accuracy, supporting validation and compliance requirements. Both the xenon lamp and flow cell are easily accessible from the front panel, and lamp replacement requires no optical adjustment. Combined with a lamp lifetime of approximately 2,000 hours, this minimizes downtime and operating costs.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li>High-sensitivity fluorescence detector for <strong>HPLC applications</strong></li><li>Wavelength range <strong>from 200 to 750 nm</strong></li><li><strong>Signal-to-noise ratio ≥2000</strong> (water Raman band)</li><li>Designed for trace-level analysis</li><li>Temperature-controlled flow cell with cooling function</li><li><strong>Fast 10 ms response time</strong></li><li>Programmable wavelength switching during analysis</li><li>Simultaneous multi-component analysis at optimal wavelengths</li><li>Integrated low-pressure mercury lamp for wavelength verification</li><li><strong>Long-life xenon lamp </strong>with approximately <strong>2,000 operating hours</strong></li><li>Front-accessible lamp and flow cell</li><li>No optical realignment required after lamp replacement</li><li>Advanced validation and support functions</li><li>Stand-alone operation via keypad and display</li><li>Compatible with <strong>ClarityChrom®, OpenLAB®, and PurityChrom® software</strong></li><li>Easy integration into virtually any LC system</li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Detection System</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Detection channels: </strong>2</li><li><strong>Number of signals: </strong>2</li><li><strong>Light source:</strong><ul><li>Xenon lamp</li><li>Low-pressure mercury lamp for wavelength accuracy verification</li></ul></li><li><strong>Wavelength range: </strong>200–750 nm</li><li><strong>Spectral bandwidth: </strong>20 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelength accuracy:</strong> ±2 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelength precision: </strong>±0.2 nm</li></ul><h4><strong>Sensitivity</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Signal-to-noise ratio: </strong>≥2000 (water Raman band)</li><li><strong>Sensitivity settings:</strong><ul><li>HIGH (×1)</li><li>MED (×32)</li><li>LOW (×1024)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Flow Cell</strong></h4><ul><li>Standard flow cell included</li><li>Temperature-controlled flow cell</li><li>Integrated cooling function</li><li><strong>Flow cell volume:</strong> 12 µL</li><li><strong>Wetted materials:</strong><ul><li>SUS316L stainless steel</li><li>PTFE</li><li>Quartz</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Signal Processing</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Response time: </strong>10 ms</li><li><strong>Gain settings: </strong>×1, ×4, ×16</li></ul><h4><strong>Functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Autozero function</li><li>Baseline shift function</li><li>Time-programmed wavelength switching</li><li>Wavelength accuracy verification using integrated mercury lamp</li></ul><h4><strong>Communication</strong></h4><ul><li>RS-232 interface</li><li>Analog output</li><li>Software control</li><li>Stand-alone operation via keypad and display</li></ul><h4><strong>Environmental Conditions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Operating temperature:</strong> 4–35 °C</li><li><strong>Relative humidity:</strong> 20–85% (non-condensing)</li></ul><h4><strong>Power and Dimensions</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Power supply: </strong>AC 220–240 V</li><li><strong>Frequency:</strong> 50/60 Hz</li><li><strong>Power consumption: </strong>400 VA</li><li><strong>Dimensions (W × H × D): </strong>260 × 210 × 420 mm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 18 kg</li></ul><h3><strong>Applications</strong></h3><ul><li>Trace-level pharmaceutical analysis</li><li>Impurity profiling</li><li>Environmental monitoring</li><li>Food safety testing</li><li>Amino acid analysis</li><li>Vitamin analysis</li><li>PAH analysis</li><li>Biomolecule detection</li><li>Fluorescent labeling applications</li><li>Research and quality control laboratories</li></ul>

Waters Alliance iS Bio HPLC System

Alliance iS Bio HPLC combines MaxPeak HPS Technology, bio-inert separations, reduced errors, and enhanced reproducibility for biopharma QC workflows.

<p><strong>The Waters Alliance iS Bio HPLC System is an advanced liquid chromatography platform specifically designed for biopharmaceutical quality control laboratories. Combining exceptional bio-inertness, intuitive operation, and intelligent automation tools, the system helps reduce human error, improve productivity, and ensure consistent analytical performance.</strong></p><p>Featuring <strong>MaxPeak™ High Performance Surfaces (HPS) Technology</strong>, the Alliance iS Bio minimizes unwanted interactions between analytes and metallic flow path surfaces. This improves analyte recovery, sensitivity, reproducibility, and retention time consistency while reducing system conditioning requirements. The technology is particularly beneficial for oligonucleotides, phosphopeptides, monoclonal antibodies, and other metal-sensitive biomolecules.</p><p>The system integrates intuitive touchscreen operation, guided workflows, RFID-enabled column tracking, and advanced compliance-support tools. Combined with corrosion-resistant construction materials and robust performance under challenging operating conditions, the Alliance iS Bio HPLC System is an ideal platform for modern biopharma QC laboratories.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><ul><li>MaxPeak™ High Performance Surfaces (<strong>HPS) Technology</strong></li><li>Highly <strong>bio-inert sample flow path</strong></li><li>Reduced analyte-surface interactions</li><li>Improved analyte recovery and sensitivity</li><li>Enhanced reproducibility and retention time consistency</li><li>Up to 40% reduction in human errors</li><li>Intuitive touchscreen operation</li><li>Guided workflows</li><li><strong>RFID-enabled eConnect column</strong> tracking</li><li><strong>Intelligent Method Translator App</strong> (iMTA)</li><li>Automated column history tracking</li><li>Empower Audit Trail functionality</li><li><strong>waters_connect™</strong> System Monitoring</li><li>Integrated maintenance and troubleshooting tools</li><li><strong>Carryover ≤ 0.002%</strong></li><li>Robust operation across extreme temperature conditions</li><li>Tool-free finger-tight fittings</li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></h3><h4><strong>Chromatography System</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>System type: </strong>HPLC</li><li><strong>Pump configuration: </strong>Quaternary</li><li><strong>Injection type:</strong> Flow-through needle</li><li><strong>Solvent conditioning:</strong> Passive pre-heating</li></ul><h4><strong>Operating Parameters</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Maximum operating pressure:</strong> 12,000 psi</li><li><strong>Flow rate range:</strong> 0.001–10.000 mL/min</li><li><strong>pH range:</strong> 1–13</li><li><strong>Carryover:</strong> ≤ 0.002% (caffeine, UV conditions)</li></ul><h4><strong>Sample Management</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Sample compartment temperature:</strong> 4–40 °C</li><li><strong>Maximum sample capacity:</strong><ul><li>48-position 2.0 mL vial holder</li><li>54-position 2.0 mL vial holder</li><li>96-well plate</li><li>384-well plate</li><li>48-position 0.65 mL microcentrifuge tube plate</li><li>24-position 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube plate</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Column Management</strong></h4><ul><li>RFID column tracking</li><li>eConnect Waters Column support</li><li><strong>Capacity:</strong><ul><li>One column up to 300 mm length</li><li>Up to 8 mm internal diameter</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Detector Options</strong></h4><ul><li>PDA Detector</li><li>TUV Detector</li></ul><h4><strong>Software and Informatics</strong></h4><ul><li>Empower™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</li><li>Intelligent Method Translator App (iMTA)</li><li>waters_connect™ Monitoring</li><li>Audit Trail functionality</li><li>Automated column history tracking</li></ul><h4><strong>Construction</strong></h4><ul><li>Inert sample flow path with MaxPeak HPS Technology</li><li>Corrosion-resistant bio-compatible materials</li><li>High-salt tolerant design</li></ul><h4><strong>Dimensions and Weight</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Width: </strong>49.9 cm</li><li><strong>Height: </strong>74.2 cm</li><li><strong>Depth:</strong> 63.5 cm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 72.5 kg</li></ul><h4><strong>Typical Applications</strong></h4><ul><li>Biopharmaceutical QC</li><li>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)</li><li>Oligonucleotide analysis</li><li>Phosphopeptide analysis</li><li>Peptide mapping</li><li>Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)</li><li>Bioseparations</li><li>Pharmaceutical QC</li><li>Regulatory testing laboratories</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_SEC_separation_of_a_USP_m_Ab_System_Suitability_Solution_on_a_legacy_HPLC_system_and_the_Alliance_i_S_Bio_HPLC_System_with_a_Bio_Suite_Diol_SEC_Column_851dc3a90f.jpg" alt="Waters: SEC separation of a USP mAb System Suitability Solution on a legacy HPLC system and the Alliance iS Bio HPLC System with a BioSuite Diol SEC Column." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_SEC_separation_of_a_USP_m_Ab_System_Suitability_Solution_on_a_legacy_HPLC_system_and_the_Alliance_i_S_Bio_HPLC_System_with_a_Bio_Suite_Diol_SEC_Column_851dc3a90f.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p>

Thermo Scientific Vanquish Sample Hub

Increase sample capacity for extra-long unattended operation with an intelligent robotic that automates sample loading in the Thermo Scientific™ Vanquish™ UHPLC system.

<p><strong>The Thermo Scientific™ Vanquish™ Sample Hub integrates seamlessly with the </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=40&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=Vanquish"><strong>Vanquish™ UHPLC platform</strong></a><strong>, providing fully automated robotic sample handling for high-throughput laboratories. Supporting up to 8,832 samples (23 well plates), it enables extended unattended operation by automatically transferring samples to the UHPLC system.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Controlled environmental conditions help preserve sample integrity, while the integrated barcode reader continuously tracks racks and well plates whenever the door is closed, allowing new samples to be added without interrupting ongoing analyses.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Vanquish_Sample_Hub_4_4458a169d1.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific Vanquish Sample Hub" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Vanquish_Sample_Hub_4_4458a169d1.jpg 211w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="481"></p><h4><strong>Key Features</strong></h4><ul><li>Supports up to <strong>8,832 samples</strong> for long-term unattended operation</li><li>Monitor and manage an inventory of up to <strong>9 sample racks, deep well plates, or 20 shallow well plates (15mm height) in SBS format</strong></li><li>Protects sample quality through controlled environmental conditions and innovative air-stream cooling</li><li>Integrated barcode reader enables automated inventory management, rack and plate verification, and empty shelf detection</li><li>Allows samples to be added while analyses are running without stopping the UHPLC system</li><li>Fully integrated with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</strong></a> for familiar instrument control</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Vanquish_Sample_Hub_3_5a881d0af1.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific Vanquish Sample Hub " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Vanquish_Sample_Hub_3_5a881d0af1.jpg 236w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="430"></p><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>GLP Features:</strong> All System Parameters Logged in The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Chromeleon Chromatography Data System Audit Trail</strong></a></li><li><strong>Includes:</strong> Barcode reading: Empty shelf level detection, Rack/well plate verification, Inventory management</li><li><strong>Overall Depth (English):</strong> 24.4 in.</li><li><strong>Overall Depth (Metric):</strong> 620 mm</li><li><strong>Overall Height (English):</strong> 31.7 in.</li><li><strong>Overall Height (Metric):</strong> 804 mm</li><li><strong>Overall Width (English):</strong> 13.3 in.</li><li><strong>Overall Width (Metric):</strong> 339 mm</li><li><strong>PC Connection:</strong> USB 2.0</li><li><strong>Safety Features:</strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>Sample rack/well plate detection sensor on shovel</li><li>Barcode reader to detect sample rack/well plate type and shelf ID</li><li>Automatic stop when door is opened (interlock door switch)</li><li>Automatic opening of door after power failure&nbsp;</li><li>3 LEDs for status monitoring</li><li>Active evaporation system for condensation</li></ul></li><li><strong>Temperature Range:</strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>4°C to 40°C (≥22 K Below Ambient (at &lt;80% RH)</li><li>Accuracy -2°C to +2°C (at 25°C, 50% RH)</li><li>Stability ±0.5°C (at 25°C, 50% RH))</li></ul></li><li><strong>Voltage:</strong> 100/240 V</li><li><strong>Weight (Metric):</strong> &lt;38.5 kg</li><li><strong>Type:</strong> Vanquish Sample Hub Without Shelf and Racks</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Vanquish_Sample_Hub_2_e65f12f12e.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific Vanquish Sample Hub " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Vanquish_Sample_Hub_2_e65f12f12e.jpg 224w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="452"></p>

Epistane analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of epistane in tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content in mg per unit or as a percentage.

<p><strong>The Epistane Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of epistane in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>The analysis is suitable for tablets and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per individual dosage unit. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).</p><h4><strong>About Epistane</strong></h4><p>Epistane, also known as methylepitiostanol or 2,3-thioepoxy madol, is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid structurally related to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It is a 17α-methylated derivative of epitiostanol and interacts with androgen receptors, producing anabolic and androgenic effects.</p><p>Epistane has been identified in products marketed as dietary or performance-enhancing supplements. Scientific studies have also associated its use with a risk of liver injury, including cholestasis.</p><h4><strong>Key Features</strong></h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of epistane</li><li>Suitable for tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4><strong>Analysis Parameters</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Target compound:</strong> Epistane</li><li><strong>Other names:</strong> Hemapolin, 2,3-thioepoxy madol</li><li><strong>CAS number:</strong> 4267-80-5</li><li><strong>Testing method:</strong> HPLC</li><li><strong>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products:</strong> 4 mg per tablet / capsule</li><li><strong>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders:</strong> 10%</li><li><strong>Result format for oral products:</strong> mg per tablet or capsule</li><li><strong>Result format for raw API powders:</strong> % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li><strong>Minimum sample amount for oral products:</strong> 3 tablets / capsules</li><li><strong>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders:</strong> 200 mg</li><li><strong>Average turnaround time:</strong> 7 business days</li></ul><h4><strong>Optional Additional Analyses</strong></h4><p>The following optional laboratory services are available:</p><ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) - only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524"><strong>GC–MS Contamination Screening</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525"><strong>Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</strong></a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Products focused on HPLC - page 13

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