<p><strong>Microplastics have emerged as one of the most widely discussed environmental contaminants of our time. Regardless of where we live, daily exposure to microplastics has become virtually unavoidable—these tiny plastic particles are present in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the environments we inhabit. As researchers work to better understand the sources, transport pathways, and impacts of microplastics, the demand for reliable microplastic analysis methods continues to grow.</strong></p><p>While techniques such as FTIR and Raman spectroscopy have become standard tools for identifying microplastics, their utility is limited for smaller particles (i.e. nanoplastics) and in complex matrices. More advanced microplastic analysis methods can provide a deeper understanding of what these particles contain and how they may change over time in the environment.</p><div><h3><strong>The Limits of Spectroscopic Microplastic Analysis Methods</strong></h3><p><strong>Fourier-Transform Infrared</strong> (<strong>FTIR</strong>) and <strong>Raman spectroscopy </strong>are widely used microplastic analysis methods because they can<strong> identify polymer types</strong> by measuring how electromagnetic radiation interacts with a material. These techniques are valuable for determining whether a particle is polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or another common plastic. For many studies, this information is sufficient to confirm the presence of microplastics, especially in clean samples with sufficient microplastic density.</p><p>However, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/environmental/"><strong>environmental samples</strong></a> are rarely clean and compositionally simple. Microplastic particles can become weathered and obscured by other materials in the environment, making their accurate identification with spectroscopy difficult. Additionally, if researchers want to understand what additives, degradation products, or pollutants are associated with the plastic, particle identification alone is not enough. Thus, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy methods alone struggle to thoroughly characterize these complex chemical components, particularly in challenging environmental matrices. As questions surrounding microplastic exposure become increasingly important, researchers require analytical techniques capable of examining the chemistry of a sample in greater detail, not simply confirming the presence of the physical particle itself.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS For Deeper Microplastic Analysis</strong></h3><p><strong>Thermal Desorption</strong> (<strong>TD</strong>) and <strong>Pyrolysis </strong>(<strong>Py</strong>) coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/core-analysis/gc-and-gc-ms/"><strong>GCxGC-TOFMS</strong></a>) offer a powerful alternative for investigating nano- and microplastics in complex samples. These techniques provide complementary information about sample composition.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Thermal desorption</strong> releases volatile and adsorbed compounds, including environmental contaminants, degradation products, and VOCs associated with microplastic particles. This can reveal important information about chemicals present within or on the plastic.</p><p><strong>Pyrolysis </strong>thermally deconstructs the polymeric material, breaking it into GC-amenable characteristic degradation compounds. These compounds act as chemical markers that can be used to identify the various polymers present. When analyzing complex or heavily weathered microplastics that may be difficult to characterize using traditional spectroscopic techniques, pyrolysis is particularly advantageous.</p><p>The most significant benefit comes from pairing these techniques with comprehensive <strong>two-dimensional gas chromatography</strong>. Environmental samples often contain hundreds or even thousands of compounds that coelute in 1D GC-MS, making it difficult or impossible to identify each compound. GCxGC provides significantly greater separation capability, helping analysts distinguish important polymer markers from background matrix components. This enhanced separation improves the mass spectrometer’s ability to identify characteristic polymer pyrolysis products, even in highly complex environmental samples. As a result, researchers can detect and identify challenging microplastics without the extensive purification steps often required by other analytical workflows.</p><p>Another unique advantage of this approach is that thermal desorption and pyrolysis can be used in series on the same sample. Together, they create a more complete chemical profile of the sample.</p></div><div><h3><strong>A Powerful Microplastics Analysis Workflow for Deeper Insight into the Effects on Our Environment</strong></h3><p>FTIR and Raman spectroscopy remain valuable tools for rapid screening and flagging samples containing microplastic particles. However, by<strong> combining thermal desorption, pyrolysis, and GCxGC-TOFMS</strong>, analysts can obtain a <strong>much more comprehensive view of plastic</strong>s in their samples and their environmental implications. As environmental research continues to advance and concerns surrounding microplastic contamination grow, researchers will increasingly require information that extends beyond answering the question,&nbsp;<i>“What plastic is present?”&nbsp;</i>&nbsp;</p><p>Ultimately, this deeper level of characterization can provide new insights into the environmental fate of microplastics and help scientists better understand their potential impacts on ecosystems and human exposure.</p></div>

Surpassing the Limits of Traditional Microplastic Analysis Methods with Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS

Oligonucleotide and mRNA Analysis Resource Roundup

<p><strong>NIST26 introduces integrated chromatogram processing, deconvolution, and library searching for EI GC-MS and LC-MS/MS data, but the workflow begins with one essential requirement: chromatographic data must be available in the mzML format. In his presentation </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/Conversion_to_mz_ML_63e134bb34.pdf"><i><strong>Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing</strong></i></a><strong>, James Little of Mass Spec Interpretation Services explains how vendor data can be converted to mzML using either instrument-vendor software or the freely available MSConvert tool from ProteoWizard, and highlights several settings that are critical for successful processing in NIST26.</strong></p><h4><span><strong>NIST26 Chromatogram processing requires mzML</strong></span></h4><p>For the chromatogram-processing workflow described in the presentation, <strong>mzML is the accepted input format</strong>. Proprietary LC-MS or GC-MS data therefore need to be converted before they can be loaded into the NIST26 chromatogram-processing environment.</p><p>There are two principal ways to obtain an mzML file:</p><ul><li>conversion using software supplied by the instrument manufacturer,</li><li>conversion using <strong>MSConvert</strong>, which is included in the free <strong>ProteoWizard</strong> software package.</li></ul><p>Using an open format such as mzML also provides a practical way to move mass spectrometry data between different software environments without relying exclusively on proprietary vendor formats.</p><h4><span><strong>Using ProteoWizard and MSConvert</strong></span></h4><p>MSConvert is installed as part of the complete ProteoWizard package rather than as a separate application. After installing ProteoWizard, users can access either the graphical MSConvert interface or the command-line version.</p><p>The presentation recommends the stable release for routine work, while noting that newer or nightly builds may sometimes provide improved support for recently introduced vendor formats or additional control over data-processing filters. This can be particularly relevant when handling vendor files in which centroiding behavior or peak picking requires closer attention.</p><p>For most users, the graphical interface provides a straightforward route from proprietary raw data to an mzML file suitable for further NIST26 processing.</p><h4><span><strong>Start by selecting mzML as the output format</strong></span></h4><p>The first step in MSConvert is to select the source file or dataset using the <strong>Browse</strong> function.</p><p>The software supports a broad range of mass spectrometry data formats, and the file-selection window can either be restricted to a particular vendor format or set to display any supported spectral format.</p><p>After selecting the source data, the output format must be set to <strong>mzML</strong>. The screenshots in the presentation show this setting directly in the MSConvert options panel before the conversion is started.</p><p>The user can also select the destination folder and other file-output options before adding the selected dataset to the conversion queue.</p><h4><span><strong>Add the data and start the conversion</strong></span></h4><p>Once the source file and output settings have been selected, the file is added to the conversion list using the <strong>Add</strong> command.</p><p>The conversion itself is then launched with <strong>Start</strong>.</p><p>For simple datasets that are already stored in the correct spectral representation, this may be all that is required. However, James Little emphasizes an additional requirement that is particularly important for NIST26: the data must be <strong>centroided</strong>.</p><h4><span><strong>Centroided data are required</strong></span></h4><p>According to the presentation, <strong>profile-mode data are not acceptable for this NIST26 chromatogram-processing workflow</strong>. The spectra must instead be in centroided, or peak-picked, form.</p><p>Profile spectra contain the full measured shape of each mass spectral signal across the m/z axis. Centroided data reduce these profiles to discrete peaks represented by their characteristic m/z and intensity values.</p><p>If the original vendor data are still in profile mode, centroiding can be performed during conversion by adding the <strong>Peak Picking</strong> filter in MSConvert.</p><p>This means that the conversion step can perform two operations at once:</p><p><strong>vendor raw data → centroiding / peak picking → mzML</strong></p><p>The resulting mzML file can then be used as input for NIST26 chromatogram processing.</p><h4><span><strong>Peak Picking must be the first filter</strong></span></h4><p>One of the most important practical details in the presentation is the position of the Peak Picking operation in the MSConvert filter sequence.</p><p>If centroiding is required, <strong>Peak Picking must be the first algorithm or filter in the list</strong>. Placing another processing function before it can interfere with the intended conversion workflow.</p><p>MSConvert allows the user to select the Peak Picking filter, define the relevant MS levels, and add it to the processing sequence before starting conversion. The example shown in the presentation applies vendor-based peak picking to selected MS levels.</p><p>If there is uncertainty about whether the source data are already centroided, the Peak Picking filter can still be included. According to the presentation, applying it to data that are already centroided does not alter the file unnecessarily.</p><p>This provides a useful safeguard when the acquisition mode of an older dataset is uncertain.</p><h4><span><strong>Selecting the appropriate MS levels</strong></span></h4><p>Peak picking does not necessarily have to be applied identically to every spectrum in a dataset. MSConvert allows users to specify the <strong>MS levels</strong> to which the filter should be applied.</p><p>This is especially relevant for LC-MS/MS data, where a file can contain both precursor-level MS spectra and tandem MS spectra.</p><p>The conversion settings should therefore reflect the way the original data were acquired and how those data will subsequently be processed in NIST26.</p><h4><span><strong>Be aware of changes in file size</strong></span></h4><p>The presentation also notes that converted files may become substantially different in size from the original vendor files.</p><p>This is worth considering when working with large LC-MS/MS datasets or processing batches of chromatograms. The size of the resulting mzML file can depend on the original acquisition mode, centroiding, compression settings, the number of MS levels, and other output parameters.</p><p>Storage requirements should therefore be considered before converting large collections of raw data.</p><h4><span><strong>A simple workflow for preparing data for NIST26</strong></span></h4><p>The overall procedure presented by James Little can be summarized as a short sequence:</p><ol><li>Obtain the original vendor LC-MS or GC-MS data.</li><li>Open the data in MSConvert or use the vendor's own conversion software.</li><li>Select <strong>mzML</strong> as the output format.</li><li>Check whether the spectra are centroided.</li><li>If necessary, add <strong>Peak Picking</strong> as the first processing filter.</li><li>Select the appropriate MS levels.</li><li>Add the file to the conversion list.</li><li>Start the conversion.</li><li>Use the resulting mzML file for NIST26 chromatogram processing.</li></ol><p>The procedure itself is straightforward, but the centroiding requirement is important. A file can have the correct <code>.mzML</code> extension and still be unsuitable for the workflow if its spectra remain in profile mode.</p><h4><span><strong>From vendor data to integrated NIST26 processing</strong></span></h4><p>File conversion may appear to be a relatively minor step compared with deconvolution, spectral interpretation, and library searching, but it establishes the foundation for the entire downstream workflow.</p><p>By using mzML as the common input format, NIST26 can process data originating from different instrument platforms through a more consistent workflow. ProteoWizard and MSConvert provide a practical bridge between proprietary mass spectrometry files and this standardized format.</p><p>The key message from the presentation is therefore simple: <strong>convert to mzML, ensure the spectra are centroided, and place Peak Picking first whenever centroiding is required</strong>. Once those conditions are met, the data are ready for the integrated chromatogram-processing and library-searching capabilities available in NIST26.</p>

Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing

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James Little/Mass Spec Interpretation Services

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-1 GC Columns

Zebron ZB-1 is a low polarity phase suited for true boiling point compounds

<h5><strong>Low Polarity For a Wide Range of Applications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Low polarity</strong> phase suited for true boiling point compounds</li><li><strong>Low bleed</strong> (MS Certified), low activity, and high efficiency</li><li><strong>Excellent resolving power </strong>of critical pairs in complex petrochemical samples</li><li>Used for “<strong>fingerprinting</strong>” and <strong>routine quality control</strong> analyses (e.g., citrus oils)</li><li>Equivalent to USP Phase G2</li><li><strong>Temperature Limits</strong>: 60 to 360/370 ˚C (Isothermal/TPGC)</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1_PLUS_86c4e49f06.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-1" width="235" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Excellent resolving power of critical pairs in complex petrochemical samples and used for “fingerprinting” and routine quality control analyses</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1_a0ba5c177e.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-1" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1_a0ba5c177e.jpg 145w," sizes="100vw" width="947" height="1019"></p>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-1701 GC Columns

Zebron ZB-1701 Provides alternate selectivity to phenyl phases with similar polarity

<p><strong>Alternate Selectivity for Mid-Polarity Analyses</strong></p><ul><li>Fast run and re equilibration times for enhanced sample throughput and productivity</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity to phenyl phases with similar polarity</li><li>Good peak shape for active analytes</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_75b9286de0.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-1701" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_75b9286de0.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Alcohols, Amines, Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Drugs, Esters, PAHs, PCBs, Pharmaceutical Intermediates, Phenols, Solvents, Steroids, TMS Sugars, Tranquilizers</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_c2a6145780.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-1701" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_c2a6145780.jpg 143w," sizes="100vw" width="634" height="694"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 14 % cyanopropylphenyl / 86 % dimethylpolysiloxane phase:</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-1701&nbsp;</li><li>CP-Sil 19 CB</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-1701&nbsp;</li><li>Rtx-VMS&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>&nbsp;BP10&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SPB®-1701&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Equity®-1701&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>OV®</strong></h5><ul><li>OV-1701<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-1701P GC Columns

Zebron ZB-1701P is a guaranteed column for pesticide analysis

<p><strong>Enhanced Response for DDT and Endrin</strong></p><ul><li>Specially tested to ensure response of DDT, Endrin, Endrin Aldehyde, and Endrin Ketone</li><li>Guaranteed column for pesticide analysis</li><li>EPA Method 8081 Certified</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_75b9286de0.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-1701P" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_75b9286de0.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Aroclors, nitrogen containing pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorous pesticides</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_P_c4ccee1802.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-1701P" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_P_c4ccee1802.jpg 138w," sizes="100vw" width="657" height="740"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 14 % cyanopropylphenyl / 86 % dimethylpolysiloxane phase:</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-1701&nbsp;</li><li>DB-1701P</li><li>CP-Sil 19 CB</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-1701&nbsp;</li><li>Rtx-VMS&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>&nbsp;BP10&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SPB®-1701&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Equity®-1701&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>OV®</strong></h5><ul><li>OV-1701<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-1MS GC Columns

Zebron ZB-1MS is a very low bleed (MS Certified) especially suited to high sensitivity GC-MS

<p><strong>Low Bleed Performance for GC-MS</strong></p><ul><li>Very low bleed (MS Certified) especially suited to high sensitivity GC-MS</li><li>Improved signal-to-noise ratio for better sensitivity and mass spectral integrity</li><li>Extremely inert for active compounds such as drugs, pesticides, acids, and bases</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1_PLUS_86c4e49f06.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-1MS" width="235" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Acids, Amines, Diesel Fuel, Drugs, Flavors &amp; Fragrances, PCBs, (EPA Method 1668), Pesticides, Solvent Impurities, Sulfur Compounds</li></ul><p><strong>Alternative to Any MS-Certified 100 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Phase:</strong></p><ul><li>DB®-1ms</li><li>MDN-1</li><li>SOLGEL-1ms™</li><li>HP-1ms</li><li>Rtx®-1MS</li><li>Equity®-1</li><li>AT-1ms</li><li>VF-1ms</li><li>P-Sil 5 CB</li></ul>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-35 GC Columns

Zebron ZB-35 is an intermediate polarity column for high molecular weight analysis

<p><strong>Low Bleed, Intermediate Polarity Selectivity for GC-MS</strong></p><ul><li>Intermediate polarity column for high molecular weight analysis</li><li>Inert to minimize analyte adsorption, improve efficiency, and reproducibility</li><li>More rugged (longer column life) than other polar phases</li><li>Excellent for trace analysis with bleed-sensitive detectors (MS, FID, ECD, NPD)</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_75b9286de0.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-35" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_1701_75b9286de0.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Amines, Aroclors, Drugs, EPA Methods (508, 608, 8081, 8141, 8151), Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals, Semi-volatiles, Steroids</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_35_dc84d61d90.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-35" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_35_dc84d61d90.jpg 174w," sizes="100vw" width="726" height="651"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 35 % phenyl / 65 % dimethylpolysiloxane phase:</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-35</li><li>DB-35ms</li><li>HP-35</li><li>HP-35ms&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-35</li><li>Rtx-35ms&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>&nbsp;BP1</li><li>BPX1-SimDBPX3 BPX608</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SPB®-35</li><li>MDN-35</li><li>SPB-608&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>OV®</strong></h5><ul><li>OV-11<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li></ul>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-5 GC Columns

Zebron ZB-5 is a rugged, versatile low polarity column for general lab purpose

<p><strong>Low Polarity For A Wide Application Range</strong></p><ul><li>Rugged, versatile low polarity column for general lab purpose</li><li>Resilient to dirty samples—long column life</li><li>Low bleed (MS Certified) especially suited to high sensitivity work using GC-MS</li><li>Extremely inert for active compounds such as drugs or pesticides</li><li>Great column for unknown samples</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-5" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Alkaloids, Dioxins, Drugs, Essential Oils, Flavors, FAMEs, Halo-hydrocarbons, PCBs/Aroclors, Pesticides/Herbicides, Phenols, Residual Solvents</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_1a2fcd67cb.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-5" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_1a2fcd67cb.jpg 134w," sizes="100vw" width="669" height="780"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 5% phenyl / 95% dimethylpolysiloxane phase</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-5</li><li>HP-5</li><li>HP-PAS-5</li><li>CP-Sil 8 CB</li><li>Ultra 2</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-5</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>&nbsp;BP5</li><li>BPX5</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SPB®-5</li><li>MDN-5</li><li>PTE-5</li><li>SE-54</li><li>PTA-5</li><li>Sac-5</li><li>Ecquity®-5&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>OV®</strong></h5><ul><li>OV-5</li></ul><h5><strong>General Selection Guidelines</strong></h5><p>The following selection guidelines are for choosing a Zebron 5 phase column. Please contact your Phenomenex representative for additional assistance.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: General Selection Guidelines" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg 171w," sizes="100vw" width="1091" height="994"></p><h5><strong>5 % Phenyl Phases</strong></h5><ul><li>Versatile for a wide analyte range</li><li>Available in standard, inert, and high temperature style</li><li>Replace 5% phenyl 95 % dimethylpolysiloxane phases from Agilent®, Restek®, Supelco®, and other manufacturers</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Phases_fc8e8e9873.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: 5 % Phenyl Phases" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Phases_fc8e8e9873.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="905" height="622"></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-50 GC Columns

Zebron ZB-50 is a high polarity column with temperature limits up to 340 ˚C allows high temperature bake out to remove contaminants

<p><strong>Robust Results, Rugged Performance</strong></p><ul><li>High polarity column with temperature limits up to 340 ˚C allows high temperature bake out to remove contaminants</li><li>Excellent inertness to minimize analyte adsorption, improve efficiency, and reproducibility</li><li>More rugged (longer column life) than other polar phases</li><li>Excellent for trace analysis with bleed-sensitive detectors</li><li>Great for drug screening and environmental compounds</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-50" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><ul><li>Antidepressants, Aroclors, Cholesterols, Drugs of Abuse, EPA Methods (508, 608, 8081, 8141, 8151), Glycols, Pesticides/Herbicides, Steroids, Triglycerides</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_50_e629cb3dd9.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-50" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_50_e629cb3dd9.jpg 162w," sizes="100vw" width="714" height="689"></p><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 50% phenyl / 50% dimethylpolysiloxane phase</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-17</li><li>DB-17ht</li><li>DB-17ms</li><li>DB-17 EVDX</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-50</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>BPX50</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SP®-2250</li><li>SPB®-17</li><li>SPB-50</li></ul><h5><strong>Zebron GC Column Benefits</strong></h5><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_GC_Column_Benefits_de6be151ef.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron GC Column Benefits" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_GC_Column_Benefits_de6be151ef.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1297" height="742"></p>

Phenomenex Zebron ZB-5MSi GC Columns

Zebron ZB-5MSi is a highly inert for improved peak shape of acidic/basic compounds, drugs of abuse, and pesticides

<p><strong>Inert, Low Bleed 5% Phenyl Selectivity</strong></p><ul><li>Highly inert for improved peak shape of acidic/basic compounds, drugs of abuse, and pesticides</li><li>MS certified low bleed levels provide maximum sensitivity</li><li>Industry leading QC specifications ensure column-to-column performance</li><li>Traditional bonding chemistry provides the same selectivity as other 5% phenyl columns</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Zebron ZB-5MSi" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Zebron_ZB_5_8ee06754ca.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"></p><h5><strong>Recommended Applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Drugs, EPA Methods, FAMEs, Nitrosamines, Pesticides, Phenols</li></ul><p><strong>Upgrade to Zebron from any 5% phenyl / 95% dimethylpolysiloxane phase</strong></p><h5><strong>Agilent®</strong></h5><ul><li>DB®-5</li><li>HP-5</li><li>HP-5ms</li><li>HP-5msi</li></ul><h5><strong>Restek®</strong></h5><ul><li>Rtx®-5</li><li>Rtx-5MS</li><li>Rtx-5Amine</li><li>Rxi-5ms</li></ul><h5><strong>SGE®</strong></h5><ul><li>BP5</li><li>BPX5</li></ul><h5><strong>Supelco®</strong></h5><ul><li>SPB®-5</li><li>MDN-5</li><li>Ecquity®-5&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>OV®</strong></h5><ul><li>OV-5</li></ul><h5><strong>General Selection Guidelines</strong></h5><p>The following selection guidelines are for choosing a Zebron 5 phase column. Please contact your Phenomenex representative for additional assistance.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: General Selection Guidelines" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_General_Selection_Guidelines_e293a90e46.jpg 171w," sizes="100vw" width="1091" height="994"></p><h5><strong>5 % Phenyl Phases</strong></h5><ul><li>Versatile for a wide analyte range</li><li>Available in standard, inert, and high temperature styles</li><li>Replace 5% phenyl 95 % dimethylpolysiloxane phases from Agilent®, Restek®, Supelco®, and other manufacturers</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Phases_fc8e8e9873.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: 5 % Phenyl Phases" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_5_Phenyl_Phases_fc8e8e9873.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="905" height="622"></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

KNAUER Eurospher II 100 NH2 (U)HPLC Columns for NP & HILIC (USP L8)

Amino (NH2) bonded silica gel phases can be used in the normal phase (NP) and HILIC mode, but also for reversed phase (RP) mode.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Amino columns for Normal Phase and for HILIC applications (USP L8)</strong></p><p>Amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) bonded silica gel phases can be used in the <strong>normal phase (NP)</strong> and<strong> HILIC mode</strong>, but also for r<strong>eversed phase (RP) mode</strong>. They show alternative normal phase <strong>selectivity to</strong> unbonded silica, especially for <strong>aromatics</strong>. Furthermore, the selectivity is influenced by hydrogen bond interactions with the analyte. Amino columns can also be used in the <strong>HILIC mode for carbohydrate analysis </strong>and for other <strong>polar compounds</strong>. Their weak anion-exchange properties can be used in the analysis of anions and organic acids.</p><p>The amino group is bonded to the silica support via a propyl linker.</p><h5><strong>Properties</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Separation mechanism</strong>: Hydrophilic and ionic interactions</li><li><strong>Ultra pure, </strong>spherical high performance HPLC phase based on silica gel</li><li><strong>Amino modification (Aminopropyl)</strong></li><li><strong>4 % carbon content (without endcapping)</strong></li></ul><h5><strong>Key features</strong></h5><ul><li>Multi mode column for RP, NP, HILIC and IC, Aminopropyl modification without endcapping, outstanding mechanical and chemical stability.</li></ul><h5><strong>Recommended application areas</strong></h5><ul><li>Most flexible phase in the Eurospher II family; can be used in three modes: normal phase, reversed phase and ion chromatography mode (weak anion exchanger); different selectivity to the silica packing; in reversed phase mode mainly used for analysis of carbohydrates.&nbsp;</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_NH_2_HILIC_NP_fbaa6027c0.webp" alt="KNAUER: NH2" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_NH_2_HILIC_NP_fbaa6027c0.webp 107w," sizes="100vw" width="290" height="421"></p><blockquote><p><strong>Tip: </strong>A precolumn can help to protect your analytical column. Especially when working with highly matrix afflicted samples it is highly recommended to use precolumns.</p></blockquote><p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Stationary phase Eurospher II 100 NH2 is provided in these column types: </strong>analytical, semi-preparative and preparative.</p><p><strong>Eurospher II 100 NH2 Analytical Columns </strong>are available with these parameters:</p><ul><li><strong>Column length (mm): </strong>50, 100, 150, 250</li><li><strong>Column ID (mm): </strong>3, 4, 4.6</li><li><strong>Particle size (µm): </strong>3, 5</li></ul><p><strong>Eurospher II 100 NH2 Semi-Preparative Standard Columns </strong>are available with these parameters:</p><ul><li><strong>Column length (mm): </strong>30,<strong> </strong>50, 125, 150, 250</li><li><strong>Column ID (mm): </strong>8, 16</li><li><strong>Particle size (µm): </strong>5, 10</li></ul><h3><strong>KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>Widest range of HPLC and UHPLC columns for all separation modes and applications.</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Safe Investment</strong>: Robust and reliable columns for attractive price&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Separation Mode</strong>: Reversed Phase, HILIC, Normale</li><li><strong>Simplicity: </strong>Easy purchase via our online store with fast delivery</li><li><strong>Application: </strong>All-rounder for research or highly specialised for high-throughput analysis? We have the best column for your requirements.</li><li><strong>Flexibility:</strong> Wide selection of column and particle sizes, for (U)HPLC applications up to 1000 bar</li></ul><p><strong>KNAUER offers the perfect column for any small molecule separation.</strong> No matter which separation mode, molecule and the mobile phase, we offer a suitable (U)HPLC stationary phase. Choose from a wide range of modifications, particle sizes and column dimensions to suit your application. To elongate the lifetime of your column, you can choose to use a suitable precolumn.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp" alt="KNAUER: KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp 182w," sizes="100vw" width="787" height="674"></p>

KNAUER Eurospher II 100 Si (U)HPLC Columns for NP & HILIC (USP L3)

Unmodified Silica gel materials were the first ones used for chromatography. This is the reason the mode is called "normal phase" (NP).

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Si columns for Normal Phase and HILIC applications (USP L3)</strong></p><p>Unmodified Silica gel materials were the first ones used for chromatography. This is the reason the mode is called "<strong>normal phase</strong>" (NP). They are still used in HPLC, although reversed phase (RP) is by far the most often used HPLC mode today.</p><h5><strong>A wide range of porous Si materials are available, characterized by:</strong></h5><ul><li>Surface area</li><li>Pore size</li><li>Particle size</li><li>Purity</li><li>Metal content</li></ul><h5><strong>Properties</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Separation mechanism</strong>: Hydrophilic interactions</li><li><strong>Ultra pure, </strong>spherical high performance HPLC phase based on silica gel</li><li><strong>No modification, no endcapping, with 0 % carbon content</strong></li></ul><h5><strong>Key features</strong></h5><ul><li>High-class HPLC phase perfectly suited to take on routine analyses as well as the most ambitious chromatography tasks, outstanding mechanical and chemical stability.</li></ul><h5><strong>Recommended application areas</strong></h5><ul><li>Wide range of different applications, i.e. <strong>SEC</strong> (size exclusion chromatography) but also for <strong>normal phase HPLC</strong> and<strong> HILIC;</strong> good choice for <strong>analytical</strong> and <strong>preparative purposes</strong> to separate polar compounds.</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Tip: </strong>Normal phase (NP) stationary phases have been the first phases for chromatography and that is why their properties of polarity were determined as ’’normal’’. The stationary phase of a NP column has polar properties and is commonly used with nonpolar solvents as hexane or heptane. The other way round a reversed phase (RP) column has covalent charcteristics and is used with more polar eluents, like mixtures of acetonitrile and water.</p></blockquote><p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Stationary phase Eurospher II 100 Si is provided in these column types: analytical, semi-preparative and preparative.</strong></p><p><strong>Eurospher II 100 Si Analytical Columns </strong>are available with these parameters:</p><ul><li><strong>Column length (mm): </strong>50, 100, 150, 250</li><li><strong>Column ID (mm): </strong>3, 4, 4.6</li><li><strong>Particle size (µm): </strong>3, 5</li></ul><p><strong>Eurospher II 100 Si Semi-Preparative Standard Columns </strong>are available with these parameters:</p><ul><li><strong>Column length (mm): </strong>30,<strong> </strong>50, 125, 150, 250</li><li><strong>Column ID (mm): </strong>8, 16</li><li><strong>Particle size (µm): </strong>5, 10</li></ul><h3><strong>KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>Widest range of HPLC and UHPLC columns for all separation modes and applications.</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Safe Investment</strong>: Robust and reliable columns for attractive price&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Separation Mode</strong>: Reversed Phase, HILIC, Normale</li><li><strong>Simplicity: </strong>Easy purchase via our online store with fast delivery</li><li><strong>Application: </strong>All-rounder for research or highly specialised for high-throughput analysis? We have the best column for your requirements.</li><li><strong>Flexibility:</strong> Wide selection of column and particle sizes, for (U)HPLC applications up to 1000 bar</li></ul><p><strong>KNAUER offers the perfect column for any small molecule separation.</strong> No matter which separation mode, molecule and the mobile phase, we offer a suitable (U)HPLC stationary phase. Choose from a wide range of modifications, particle sizes and column dimensions to suit your application. To elongate the lifetime of your column, you can choose to use a suitable precolumn.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp" alt="KNAUER: KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp 182w," sizes="100vw" width="787" height="674"></p>

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