<p><strong>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have earned the moniker "forever chemicals" due to their extreme persistence in the environment. Their detection is crucial for protecting public health and the environment as these synthetic compounds continue to pose significant challenges worldwide. This comprehensive exploration examines why PFAS detection matters, current detection methods, and future directions in addressing PFAS contamination.</strong></p><h3><strong>Understanding PFAS and Their Health Impacts</strong></h3><p>PFAS are a class of synthetic organic compounds with diverse structures, properties, and uses. Despite their diversity, all PFAS contain perfluoroalkyl moieties that are extremely resistant to environmental and metabolic degradation [1]. This high persistence is a defining characteristic that makes PFAS management particularly challenging.</p><h3><strong>Documented Health Effects</strong></h3><p>Current scientific research has linked PFAS exposure to numerous adverse health outcomes:</p><ul><li>Reproductive effects including decreased fertility and increased high blood pressure in pregnant women [8]</li><li>Developmental effects in children such as low birth weight, accelerated puberty, and behavioral changes [8]</li><li>Reduced immune system function, including decreased vaccine response</li><li>Interference with natural hormones and endocrine disruption</li><li>Increased cholesterol levels and obesity risk</li><li>Increased risk of several cancers, including prostate, kidney, testicular, oral cavity/pharynx, brain, and endocrine cancers [3]</li></ul><p>A 2023 study linked PFAS-contaminated water with up to a <strong>33% increase in cancer incidence</strong> in affected areas [3]. The study compared regions with elevated PFAS levels to cancer data from the National Cancer Institute, finding higher incidences of various cancers after controlling for factors like smoking and obesity.</p><h3><strong>Environmental Persistence and Contamination</strong></h3><p>The extreme persistence of PFAS represents a fundamental concern for environmental management. PFAS are considered the most environmentally persistent substances among organic chemicals [7]. This persistence means that even if all PFAS uses were immediately phased out, existing contamination would continue to affect ecosystems and water supplies for generations.</p><p>A 2023 study at a military fire training site estimated that PFAS contamination will persist for centuries without remediation [7]. The research found that terminal PFAS still exceed regulatory limits by 2000-fold decades after aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) use ceased, with precursors accounting for around half of the extractable organofluorine across years.</p><h3><strong>Current Detection Methods</strong></h3><h4><strong>EPA Standardized Methods</strong></h4><p>The<strong> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA</strong>) has developed several standardized methods for PFAS detection, each with specific applications and capabilities:</p><h5><strong>EPA Method 533</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/epa-533-drying-down-pfas-samples-after-spe"><strong>EPA Method 533</strong></a> focuses on "short chain" PFAS with carbon chain lengths of<strong> C4 to C12</strong>. Released in December 2019, this method complements Method 537.1 and includes several key features:</p><ul><li>Uses isotope dilution quantification approach with extracted internal standards, which reduces overall analytical uncertainty</li><li>Employs weak anion exchange solid phase extraction cartridges as opposed to polystyrene divinylbenzene used in 537.1</li><li>Can analyze 25 PFAS compounds, including additional short-chain PFAS that were not apart of Method 537.1</li><li>Allows for longer holding times: 28 days to extraction and 28 days to analyze (compared to 14 days to extraction in Method 537.1)</li><li>Uses ammonium acetate as a preservative (versus Trisma in Method 537.1) [1]</li></ul><h5><strong>EPA Method 537/537.1</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/sample-concentration-epa-method-537-pfas-determination"><strong>EPA Method 537 </strong></a>was first published in 2009 for the determination of 14 PFAS in drinking water [6]. It was later updated to Method 537.1 in 2018 (with editorial updates in 2020) to expand its capabilities:</p><ul><li>Uses<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/what-is-solid-phase-extraction-spe"><strong> solid phase extraction (SPE) </strong></a>and<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/preparing-samples-for-lc-ms/ms-analysis"><strong> liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)</strong></a></li><li>Method 537.1 expanded detection to 18 PFAS compounds, including HFPO-DA (one component of GenX technology)</li><li>Utilizes styrene-divinylbenzene (SDVB) media for extraction</li><li>Requires samples to be extracted within 14 days and analyzed within 28 days</li><li>Methanol is used to elute the extracts. This should then be reconstituted with a 96:4 methanol:water mixture [1]</li></ul><p>Together, Methods 533 and 537.1 can detect a total of <strong>29 unique PFAS compounds in drinking water </strong>and are approved for monitoring under the fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) and the PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation [1] [3].</p><h5><strong>EPA Method 1633</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/preparing-diverse-sample-matrices-for-epa-method-1633"><strong>EPA Method 1633</strong></a>, released in 2024, represents a significant advancement in PFAS analysis:</p><ul><li>Developed for the analysis of <strong>40 PFAS compounds </strong>in various matrices, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, biosolids, sediment, landfill leachate, and fish tissue</li><li>Expands beyond the drinking water focus of Methods 533 and 537.1</li><li>Provides a standardized approach that may replace modified drinking water methods (i.e., modified EPA 537) that were previously used for non-drinking water matrices [1]</li></ul><h4><strong>Conventional Analytical Techniques</strong></h4><p>The gold standard for PFAS analysis involves chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry:</p><ul><li>Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the most widely used method for PFAS analysis, offering high sensitivity and specificity [1]</li><li>High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) allows for rapid detection and identification of PFAS species at very low concentrations [5]</li></ul><p>These techniques can detect PFAS at parts per trillion (ppt) levels, which is essential given the low concentrations at which PFAS can cause health effects [1]. However, these methods require sophisticated equipment, specialized training, and significant financial resources, making them inaccessible in many regions, particularly in developing countries.</p><h4><strong>Emerging Detection Technologies</strong></h4><p>Several innovative approaches are being developed to address the limitations of conventional methods:</p><ul><li>Electrochemical biosensors using modified electrodes have shown promise for selective PFAS detection with low detection limits [2]</li><li>Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) uses metallic nanoparticles and can be made into a portable method for on-site testing [1]</li><li>Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) offer thermal and physical stability, reusability, and low-cost synthesis for PFAS detection [6]</li></ul><p>These emerging technologies aim to provide more accessible, field-deployable, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional laboratory-based methods.</p><h3><strong>Challenges in PFAS Detection</strong></h3><h4><strong>Analytical Challenges</strong></h4><p>Detecting PFAS presents several technical challenges:</p><ul><li>The ubiquity of PFAS in laboratory equipment and accessories can lead to background contamination when measuring at parts-per-trillion levels [1]</li><li>Many components in liquid chromatographs, mass spectrometers, and solid-phase extraction systems contain materials that can leach PFAS compounds [9]</li><li>The vast number of PFAS (thousands of compounds) makes comprehensive detection difficult, as analytical standards are only available for a small subset [1]</li><li>Complex matrices like food and environmental samples require sophisticated sample preparation techniques</li></ul><h4><strong>Global Disparities in Detection Capabilities</strong></h4><p>Access to PFAS detection technology varies significantly worldwide:</p><ul><li>Many developing regions, particularly in Africa, lack adequately equipped laboratories with the necessary instrumentation to detect and measure PFAS</li><li>There is often a scarcity of qualified professionals with experience in PFAS analysis in these regions</li><li>The high cost of acquiring and maintaining sophisticated analytical instruments presents a substantial obstacle to conducting extensive PFAS investigations in resource-limited settings [1]</li><li>Competing priorities such as infectious diseases, poverty, and food security often divert attention and resources from environmental pollutants like PFAS</li></ul><h4><strong>Regulatory Landscape and Compliance</strong></h4><p>The regulatory framework for PFAS is evolving rapidly worldwide:</p><ul><li>The EPA finalized Section 8(a)(7) of the Toxic Substances Control Act in September 2024, requiring manufacturers and importers to report on their use of PFAS since 2011 [10]</li><li>Electronic reporting for PFAS will open on July 11, 2025, with final reporting deadlines in 2026</li><li>Companies must report detailed information including chemical identity, production volumes, industrial and consumer products, worker exposure, and disposal methods [10]</li></ul><p>These regulations are driving demand for more effective and accessible PFAS detection methods to ensure compliance and protect public health.</p><h3><strong>Future Directions in PFAS Detection</strong></h3><h4><strong>Technological Advancements</strong></h4><p>The future of PFAS detection lies in developing more accessible, sensitive, and comprehensive methods:</p><ul><li>Non-targeted screening methods that can identify unknown PFAS compounds without requiring analytical standards for each specific compound</li><li>Total fluorine analysis techniques like Adsorbable Organic Fluorine and Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay that can quantify the presence of fluorine atoms within a sample [1]</li><li>Portable sensors and field-deployable technologies that enable on-site monitoring and rapid response to contamination events</li><li>AI-driven solutions that can improve data analysis and interpretation for complex PFAS mixtures</li></ul><h4><strong>Collaborative Approaches</strong></h4><p>Addressing the global challenge of PFAS detection requires coordinated efforts:</p><ul><li>International partnerships between researchers in developed and developing regions to enhance expertise and capacity building</li><li>Standardization of analytical methods to ensure consistency and comparability of results across different laboratories and regions</li><li>Open data sharing and collaboration across countries to leverage collective knowledge and resources</li><li>Integration of PFAS monitoring into broader environmental and public health surveillance systems</li></ul><h3><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3><p>The detection of PFAS is not merely a technical challenge but a critical public health and environmental imperative [1]. As these "forever chemicals" continue to persist in our environment, developing effective, accessible, and comprehensive detection methods becomes increasingly important. By advancing detection technologies, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and fostering global collaboration, we can better understand, monitor, and ultimately mitigate the impacts of PFAS contamination.</p><p>The EPA's standardized methods (533, 537.1, and 1633) provide crucial tools for monitoring PFAS in various environmental matrices, but continued innovation is needed to address the full spectrum of PFAS compounds and to make detection more accessible globally [1] [6]. The path forward requires sustained investment in research and development, capacity building in resource-limited settings, and a commitment to environmental justice that ensures all communities have access to the tools and information needed to protect themselves from PFAS exposure. Only through such comprehensive approaches can we hope to address the complex challenges posed by these persistent pollutants.</p><p><span>Be sure to check out our other installments of our&nbsp;</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/introducing-our-environmental-contaminants-series-making-sense-of-the-alphabet-soup"><span>Environmental Contaminant Series</span></a><span>&nbsp;covering&nbsp;</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-persistent-organic-pollutants-pops"><span>Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)</span></a><span>,&nbsp;</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-pahs"><span>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)</span></a><span>,&nbsp;</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-semi-volatile-organic-compounds-svocs"><span>Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs)</span></a><span>, and </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/the-importance-of-detecting-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pcbs"><span>Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)</span></a><span>.</span></p>

The Importance of Detecting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

<p><strong>Scientists at CEITEC Brno University of Technology have developed microscopic robots that could one day accelerate beer production and simplify food quality control. The magnetically controlled biobots can actively mix liquids during fermentation, speed up the process, and separate themselves from the finished product once fermentation is complete. The results of the research, carried out by Professor Martin Pumera’s team, were published in the journal </strong><i><strong>ACS Nano</strong></i><strong>.</strong></p><p><i>“When people hear the word ‘robot’ today, they often imagine an electronic device. In reality, however, a robot can be any system capable of autonomously performing a specific task,” </i>explains <strong>Martin Pumera of CEITEC Brno University of Technology</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_7d9ff82875.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT/Jakub Rozboud: CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control: Martin Pumera in his lab at CEITEC BUT." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_7d9ff82875.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"></p><p>The research team created so-called biobots—biohybrid microrobotic capsules containing brewer’s yeast and magnetic nanoparticles. When the yeast produces carbon dioxide during fermentation, the resulting bubbles cause the biobots to move up and down through the liquid. This naturally mixes the contents of the vessel and makes fermentation more efficient. Compared with conventional static particles, the biobots can therefore accelerate chemical processes that are important in food production.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_4_af5fd4611f.jpg" alt="CEITEC BUT/Martin Pumera's archive: CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control: Hematite microrobot (image for illustrative purposes)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_4_af5fd4611f.jpg 209w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1192"></p><p>Another major advantage of the technology is that the biobots can be easily separated from the finished beverage. Thanks to the magnetic particles they contain, they can be controlled with a magnetic field and removed once fermentation is complete, eliminating the need for additional filtration. The researchers also demonstrated that the biobots can be reused over several production cycles.</p><p><i>“Unlike conventional static particles, microrobots actively move throughout the entire volume of the liquid, allowing them to cover a larger area and make the whole process more efficient. At the same time, they also facilitate the automation of production,”</i> adds Martin Pumera. The team is currently discussing potential applications of the technology with a major European brewery.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_3_e8e5a3a55a.jpg" alt="CEITEC BUT/Martin Pumera's archive: CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control: g-C₃N₄ microrobots (image for illustrative purposes)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_3_e8e5a3a55a.jpg 158w," sizes="100vw" width="1476" height="1460"></p><p>Martin Pumera’s group has long been exploring the use of microrobots and advanced materials in the food industry. In the past, for example, the team developed a flexible sensor for smart packaging capable of detecting spoiled fish. The new biobots therefore represent another step towards more advanced methods of food quality and safety control.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_2_75c7fed958.jpeg" alt="CEITEC BUT/ACS Nano: CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control: ACS Nano - cover featuring article by Martin Pumera et al." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Mikroroboti_z_CEITEC_mohou_urychlit_vyrobu_piva_i_kontrolu_kvality_potravin_2_75c7fed958.jpeg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2128"></p>

 CEITEC Microrobots Could Speed Up Beer Production and Food Quality Control 

<p><strong>In this episode of ‪ChromatographyTalk‬, ‪Organomation‬ General Manager David Oliva sits down with Michelle Taylor, Editor-in-Chief of LabCompare, to go behind the scenes of their groundbreaking two-part documentary series on PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances).</strong></p><p>The conversation kicks off with a startling revelation: many of the world’s leading PFAS experts have completely stopped eating seafood due to high contamination levels discovered during testing. From there, we dive deep into the technical and regulatory challenges facing today's analytical laboratories.</p><h4><strong>In this episode, we discuss:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>The Laboratory Throughput Crisis:</strong> Why labs are currently "overwhelmed with samples" and how tiered testing—using single quad instruments for screening before moving to triple quads—is helping to manage capacity without sacrificing sensitivity.</li><li><strong>The Battle Against Background Contamination:</strong> Why PTFE-free (PFAS-free) laboratory equipment is no longer optional when trying to detect "forever chemicals" at the parts-per-trillion and parts-per-quadrillion levels.</li><li><strong>Complex Matrices (Seafood &amp; Packaging): </strong>The technical hurdles of analyzing high-lipid samples like fish and the rising demand for migration testing as states like Rhode Island begin to phase out PFAS in food packaging.</li><li><strong>Global Regulatory Shifts:</strong> A look at the "dual compliance model" required for labs supporting international exporters, especially with the European Union’s stricter enforcement compared to the U.S. monitoring approach.</li><li><strong>The "Grand Challenge" of Unknowns: </strong>How EPA Method 1621 (Total Organic Fluorine) is helping labs close the mass balance gap and why the next generation of bench chemists must embrace *AI and data science* to manage the massive datasets generated by high-resolution mass spectrometry.</li><li><strong>PFAS Destruction vs. Remediation:</strong> &nbsp;The promising (and problematic) methods for breaking the carbon-fluorine bond, and why incineration may inadvertently be spreading shorter-chain PFAS into the air.</li></ul><p>Whether you are a lab manager looking to future-proof your workflow or a chemist navigating the ever-evolving landscape of EPA Method 1633, this episode provides essential insights into the most pressing environmental crisis of our time.</p><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><h4><strong>Michelle Taylor: PFAS Testing Is Becoming a Much Bigger Analytical Challenge</strong></h4><p><strong>PFAS analysis has rapidly evolved from a specialized environmental testing problem into a much broader challenge involving drinking water, food, packaging, laboratory contamination, international regulation, data analysis, and even destruction technologies. In an interview with Michelle Taylor, Editor-in-Chief of Labcompare, the discussion explored what laboratories are learning from the latest PFAS research—and why the analytical demands are likely to continue growing.</strong></p><p>Taylor leads editorial content for <strong>Labcompare</strong>, an online resource covering analytical laboratory instrumentation, products, and scientific developments. Among the projects she considers particularly important are two long-form documentaries produced by Labcompare examining per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), first through drinking water and subsequently through food.</p><p>The documentaries brought together subject-matter experts working across PFAS analysis and exposed some of the practical realities laboratories now face: rapidly changing regulations, extremely low detection limits, complex matrices, contamination risks, and sample volumes that can overwhelm laboratory capacity.</p><h4><strong>From drinking water to seafood</strong></h4><p>One of the most memorable findings for Taylor came during production of the second documentary, which focused on PFAS in food.</p><p>Several experts interviewed for the project told her they had stopped eating seafood, in some cases many years earlier, because of concerns surrounding contamination. For Taylor, the consistency and immediacy of those responses illustrated how closely analytical research can intersect with everyday decisions.</p><p>Seafood also demonstrates why PFAS testing can become analytically difficult.</p><p>Fish and other high-lipid samples require effective extraction to release the analytes, followed by rigorous cleanup to remove fats. According to the experts Taylor interviewed, the cleanup step is particularly critical because residual lipids can damage LC columns and create severe matrix interferences.</p><p>Laboratories are therefore using approaches such as enhanced matrix removal and carbon- or silica-based sorbents to reduce the lipid content of extracts before instrumental analysis. The goal is not simply obtaining sufficient recovery, but producing an extract clean enough to maintain analytical performance and laboratory throughput.</p><h4><strong>How laboratories are handling the PFAS sample burden</strong></h4><p>The analytical sensitivity now required for PFAS testing presents another challenge: laboratories may need to measure compounds at <strong>parts-per-trillion levels</strong> while processing growing numbers of samples.</p><p>Automation has therefore become increasingly important, particularly during sample preparation, where repetitive manual procedures can otherwise create a major bottleneck.</p><p>Taylor also described a <strong>tiered analytical strategy</strong> being used by some laboratories. A less demanding measurement can first be used for screening, while samples generating a positive result are subsequently transferred to a more sensitive platform, such as triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, for confirmation and quantitation.</p><p>This type of workflow can help laboratories concentrate their highest-performance instrumentation on the samples that actually require it rather than applying the most intensive analysis to every incoming sample.</p><p>The broader principle is likely to become increasingly important as PFAS testing expands: laboratories must find ways to increase throughput without sacrificing the sensitivity demanded by regulatory methods.</p><h4><strong>When the laboratory itself becomes a source of PFAS</strong></h4><p>At trace concentrations, contamination introduced during sample preparation or measurement can become comparable to the concentration being determined.</p><p>This makes the materials used throughout the analytical workflow particularly important.</p><p>Taylor emphasized that PFAS laboratories must maintain continuous awareness of potential contamination from <strong>solvents, water, tubing, containers, and other laboratory components</strong>. Equipment containing fluoropolymers such as PTFE may be problematic in certain PFAS workflows because background contamination can contribute to false positives or elevated blanks.</p><p>As detection limits move lower, dedicated PFAS-compatible or fluoropolymer-free laboratory equipment becomes increasingly valuable.</p><p>Taylor described manufacturers offering clearly identified PFAS-free configurations as an important response to this problem. Rather than forcing laboratories to investigate the material composition of each component individually, dedicated configurations can simplify method implementation and reduce uncertainty about potential background sources.</p><p>For laboratories already dealing with demanding workflows and large sample loads, eliminating potential contamination before it occurs can save considerable troubleshooting time.</p><h4><strong>Food packaging could drive the next major wave of testing</strong></h4><p>PFAS concerns are not limited to the food itself.</p><p>The interview also examined <strong>food-contact materials</strong>, including takeout containers and other packaging from which PFAS may migrate into food. State-level restrictions in the United States are already beginning to affect the materials manufacturers can use.</p><p>For contract laboratories, this creates the possibility of another significant increase in demand for compliance and migration testing.</p><p>Taylor’s recommendation is straightforward: laboratories should follow proposed regulations before they become final.</p><p>Waiting until a new requirement takes effect can leave a laboratory simultaneously trying to acquire instrumentation, establish methods, train staff, and respond to customer demand. Monitoring regulatory agencies, scientific meetings, and industry discussions earlier gives laboratories time to prepare analytical capabilities before the testing requirement becomes urgent.</p><p>She expects PFAS restrictions in food packaging to continue developing first through a patchwork of individual state regulations. Once a sufficient number of states adopt restrictions, however, the economics may increasingly encourage suppliers to move toward PFAS-free materials regardless of whether every jurisdiction requires them.</p><p>A national standard could eventually follow that transition.</p><h4><strong>One sample, two regulatory environments</strong></h4><p>International food exporters face another complication: <strong>PFAS requirements are not necessarily the same between the United States and European Union</strong>.</p><p>Taylor noted that laboratories serving both markets may effectively need to operate under a dual-compliance model.</p><p>In the interview, she highlighted EU requirements targeting specific PFAS—including <strong>PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS</strong>—at very low concentrations in certain foods, while the U.S. approach has historically involved a different combination of monitoring programs, evolving compound lists, and import-related requirements.</p><p>For laboratories supporting international customers, this means more than simply selecting a different reporting limit.</p><p>Different markets may require different target lists, methods, documentation, auditing, and compliance procedures. Laboratories therefore need analytical platforms capable of ultratrace measurements while also maintaining the operational flexibility to support multiple regulatory frameworks.</p><p>That additional complexity also carries a practical cost: performing different protocols for different jurisdictions means more staff time, additional workflow management, and potentially greater instrument demand.</p><h4><strong>Total fluorine screening can help laboratories decide what to analyze next</strong></h4><p>Targeted LC-MS/MS methods are highly sensitive, but they only measure compounds included in the analytical panel.</p><p>This creates an important question: <strong>what about fluorinated substances that are present but are not included in the targeted method?</strong></p><p>The interview discussed <strong>EPA Method 1621</strong>, which uses a broader fluorine-based screening approach. Taylor described this type of measurement as useful for helping laboratories assess the gap between compounds captured by targeted LC-MS/MS methods and the broader amount of organofluorine present in a sample.</p><p>Such screening can also become part of a tiered workflow.</p><p>For applications such as food packaging, laboratories could initially use a broader fluorine measurement to determine whether a sample warrants further investigation. Positive or suspicious samples could then move to more selective and sensitive targeted analysis for identification and quantitation.</p><p>Non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry can add another layer by revealing compounds outside conventional target lists.</p><p>Together, these approaches create a funnel from broad screening toward increasingly detailed characterization rather than attempting the most comprehensive analysis on every sample from the outset.</p><h4><strong>PFAS analysis is becoming a data problem too</strong></h4><p>High-resolution mass spectrometry can generate enormous datasets containing signals from large numbers of known and unknown compounds.</p><p>As a result, Taylor believes the role of the analytical chemist is changing.</p><p>Strong laboratory skills remain essential, but scientists increasingly need <strong>data literacy</strong> as well. Understanding complex datasets, working with advanced software, and interacting effectively with artificial intelligence and machine-learning tools are becoming important parts of modern analytical work.</p><p>Taylor does not see this change primarily as replacing scientific expertise.</p><p>Instead, she compares it with earlier laboratory automation: repetitive or technically demanding tasks can increasingly be handled by software, allowing scientists to spend more time interpreting results and making decisions.</p><p>AI may also make sophisticated analytical information more accessible. A less experienced mass spectrometry user could potentially receive explanations of complex data through software capable of presenting results in natural language, reducing dependence on a single specialist being immediately available.</p><p>There is another potential advantage beyond speed.</p><p>Machine-learning systems can recognize patterns across large datasets that may be difficult or impossible for an individual scientist to detect manually. As analytical datasets become larger and multidimensional, that pattern-recognition capability could become increasingly valuable.</p><h4><strong>Finding PFAS is only the first half of the problem</strong></h4><p>For years, much of the PFAS discussion has focused on answering two questions:</p><ul><li><strong>Are PFAS present, and how much is there?</strong></li></ul><p>The next challenge is considerably harder: <strong>how do we actually remove or destroy them?</strong></p><p>Taylor described this as an expanding research field that will increasingly involve analytical laboratories.</p><p>The strength of the carbon-fluorine bond makes PFAS destruction difficult. Some treatment approaches seek to break this bond and achieve complete defluorination, but incomplete destruction can create another analytical problem.</p><p>For example, thermal treatment may transform longer-chain PFAS into shorter-chain fluorinated compounds rather than eliminating them completely. Those products may then enter another environmental compartment, including atmospheric emissions.</p><p>Consequently, laboratories studying PFAS destruction must do more than measure disappearance of the original compound. They also need to determine whether <strong>fluorinated transformation products or other byproducts remain</strong>.</p><p>Analytical chemistry therefore has two roles: monitoring PFAS contamination and demonstrating whether remediation technologies truly destroy the substances they are intended to remove.</p><h4><strong>The PFAS problem is expanding beyond water and food</strong></h4><p>The first two Labcompare documentaries focused primarily on <strong>water and food</strong>, two matrices already receiving substantial regulatory and public attention.</p><p>But Taylor does not expect the story to end there.</p><p>If Labcompare produces another PFAS documentary, she sees <strong>PFAS in air</strong> as a likely subject. Discussions with experts during earlier filming repeatedly raised atmospheric contamination, including both direct environmental occurrence and emissions potentially associated with treatment or destruction processes.</p><p>The progression illustrates how quickly the PFAS field is expanding.</p><p>Drinking water regulation accelerated analytical development. Food testing introduced more difficult matrices and new exposure pathways. Packaging is creating another compliance challenge. Environmental remediation raises questions about destruction products. Atmospheric monitoring could become another significant frontier.</p><p>For laboratories already working with chromatography and mass spectrometry, Taylor’s message is essentially to be prepared—even organizations that do not currently consider themselves “PFAS laboratories” may eventually become involved.</p><h4><strong>An analytical field that is still changing rapidly</strong></h4><p>Perhaps the strongest theme running through the interview is that PFAS analysis has no fixed endpoint yet.</p><p>Methods continue to evolve. Regulations change. Target compound lists expand. Instrument sensitivity improves. Laboratories discover new sources of background contamination, while researchers identify additional exposure pathways and investigate new destruction technologies.</p><p>Taylor compares the situation to earlier periods of rapid analytical development, such as the evolution of forensic DNA analysis: each technological advance reveals more information, which in turn creates new questions and new analytical requirements.</p><p>That makes preparation particularly important.</p><p>Laboratories cannot predict every future regulation, but they can follow proposed requirements, develop flexible workflows, invest in contamination control and data capabilities, and understand how their existing chromatography and mass spectrometry expertise could be applied to emerging PFAS challenges.</p><p>The analytical problem is no longer simply detecting a group of “forever chemicals.”</p><p>It is becoming a much larger question of <strong>how we identify them, quantify them, prevent contamination during analysis, understand their movement through food and the environment, comply with evolving regulations, and ultimately prove that they have actually been destroyed.</strong></p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote><blockquote><h4><strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</strong></h4><p>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!</p><p>You can find <strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast </strong>in podcast apps:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL"><strong>Spotify</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185"><strong>Apple podcast</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography"><strong>podscan</strong></a></li></ul><p>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos"><strong>YouTube channel</strong></a></p></blockquote>

PFAS in Water, Food & Packaging: Michelle Taylor on the "Forever Chemicals" Documentary Series

Article

Scientists

Environment

Food

Water

Interview

Science and research

Video

Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

CEITEC

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Thermo Scientific FlashSmart Elemental Analyzer CHNS/O

The Thermo Scientific™ FlashSmart™ Elemental Analyzer (EA), based on the modified Dumas Method, is a flexible solution that expands your CHNS/O analysis with over 20 configurations in one system.

<h3><strong>Lead the way in elemental analysis with a single instrument handling all applications.</strong></h3><p>You and your team can solve more laboratory challenges, improve workflow and minimize downtime. The <strong>Thermo Scientific™ FlashSmart™ Elemental Analyzer </strong>(EA), based on the <strong>modified Dumas Method</strong>, is a flexible solution that expands your <strong>CHNS/O</strong> analysis with <strong>over 20 configurations</strong> <strong>in one system</strong>. Powerful software supports automated and precise reports, making everything easier for you and your team.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Flash_Smart_Elemental_Analyzer_CHNS_O_2_efeac51a98.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ FlashSmart™ Elemental Analyzer CHNS/O" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Flash_Smart_Elemental_Analyzer_CHNS_O_2_efeac51a98.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1424" height="888"></p><h3><strong>Why choose the FlashSmart EA?</strong></h3><h4><strong>The confident choice</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Precise and reliable</strong> system that delivers accurate results</li><li><strong>Easy maintenance</strong></li><li><strong>Easy to use </strong>for reduced need for staff training</li><li>Modern design combines simple user input with <strong>dedicated software features</strong></li><li><strong>Better return on investment </strong>as the system is modular and grows with your analytical requirements</li></ul><h4><strong>Simple</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Gas chromatographic method for real-time view of the analytical process and pathway:</strong> anytime, anywhere</li><li><strong>Streamlined sample preparation </strong>without the need for dangerous chemicals as Kjeldahl Method</li><li><strong>Complete EA software</strong> for effortless operation</li></ul><h4><strong>Modular</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Over 20 configurations in one instrument:</strong> no need for software upgrade</li><li><strong>Up to two autosamplers </strong>on the same analyzer</li><li>Higher sample throughput and automation with the <strong>Thermo Scientific™ MultiValve Control (MVC) Module</strong>, without manual intervention</li><li>Operates with <strong>helium</strong> and <strong>argon </strong>as carrier gas</li></ul><h4><strong>Automated</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Unattended operation</strong> of the FlashSmart EA: analyses can run <strong>24/7</strong> for complete results anytime, anywhere</li><li>Dedicated <strong>Thermo Scientific™ EagerSmart™ </strong>Data</li><li>Handling Software controlling all analytical parameters, Thermo <strong>Scientific™ OxyTune™ Function</strong>, an autosampler and the MVC Module</li><li><strong>Lower cost </strong>per analysis and greater productivity</li></ul><h4><strong>Accurate</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Certified </strong>and uncompromised precision and accuracy for a wide range of applications, from research to routine analysis</li><li><strong>Compliance with most recognized EA Official Methods: </strong>AOAC, AOCS, AACC, ASTM, ASBC, ISO, EN, CEN, EPA, IFFO</li><li><strong>OEA CookBook</strong> with <strong>thousands</strong> of determinations and methods for optimal results</li></ul><h4><strong>Robust</strong></h4><ul><li>Robust, specially designed features that you can rely on for decades</li><li><strong>GC separation column operating for years without the need for replacement: </strong>it is not a consumable</li><li>Long term investment for your laboratory, which guarantees<strong> reliability and accuracy</strong> of analysis</li></ul><h3><strong>Access more applications: become the reference laboratory in your field</strong></h3><p>No matter which direction you take, your lab and equipment will be able to adapt to support any strategy. Flexible systems enable you to react to the new, whilst delivering accurate and reproducible results. With the <strong>FlashSmart EA</strong> your lab can easily handle varying sample types, obtain from 1 to 5 element determinations and achieve maximum sample throughput.</p><h4><strong>CHNS/O Analyzer Configuration</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Perform 5 elements analysis with TCD</strong></li><li><strong>Organic Chemistry: </strong>organo-metallic compounds, polymers, plastic, synthetic rubbers, fibers, explosives, catalysts, textiles, pesticides, detergents, and fluorine-compounds.</li><li><strong>Petro-chemistry &amp; Energy: </strong>Coals, cokes, crude oils, alternative fuels, petroleum derivates, lubricants, oil additives, and graphite.</li><li><strong>Environmental: </strong>Soils, sediments, and rocks, composts, wastes, sewage/sludge, pesticides, water solution, waste water, particulates in air by filters, particulates in water by filters, and woods.</li><li><strong>Material Characterization: </strong>Battery, glue/resins, papers, rubbers, cement, ceramics, carbon/glass fibers, tires, pigments and dyes, refractory materials, building materials, inorganic materials, metals, textile fibers, and wood powders.</li></ul><h3><strong>Performance that takes you further</strong></h3><p>With powerful yet easy operation, your team can process <strong>more samples every day</strong>. When you need to analyze more elements, you can adapt the <strong>FlashSmart EA on-site </strong>to your applications or <strong>add a second reactor</strong> to unlock more capabilities.</p><h4><strong>Instantly connect</strong></h4><ul><li>Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)</li></ul><h4><strong>Sample introduction modularity</strong></h4><ul><li>Up to <strong>two Thermo Scientific™ MAS Plus Autosamplers</strong></li><li>One MAS Plus Autosampler and one manual liquid sampler</li></ul><h4><strong>Carrier gas options</strong></h4><ul><li>Helium</li><li>Argon option for lower cost and regular supply</li><li>Switch to nitrogen or argon when in Stand-By Mode</li></ul><h4><strong>Gas chromatographic method: real-time analysis</strong></h4><ul><li>Proper quantification of the <strong>five elements</strong></li><li><strong>“Open window” </strong>function giving information on what is happening inside the analyzer in real-time</li><li>Straightforward and intuitive workflow without valves</li><li>No absorption or desorption of gases needed</li></ul><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1482/903;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Flash_Smart_Elemental_Analyzer_CHNS_O_3_ae03e912c7.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific™ FlashSmart™ Elemental Analyzer CHNS/O" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Flash_Smart_Elemental_Analyzer_CHNS_O_3_ae03e912c7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1482" height="903"></figure><h3><strong>Software automates consistent sampling and reports</strong></h3><h4><strong>Software</strong></h4><p>The <strong>Thermo Scientific EagerSmart Data Handling Software</strong> allows you to leave the <strong>FlashSmart EA </strong>unattended to get completed analysis, with full, user-friendly reports. The software controls all analytical parameters, flows, autosamplers and detectors, by suggesting the most favourable analytical conditions for your samples.</p><ul><li><strong>Automated transfer</strong> <strong>of the sample</strong> weight from the balance to the software</li><li><strong>Automated evaluation of Heat Values</strong> (Gross and Net Heat Values) for fuels and alternative fuels</li><li><strong>CO2 Emission Trade</strong> for environmental control</li><li><strong>Different Protein Factors</strong> for food and animal feed</li><li><strong>Inserting of the Humidity value</strong> for solid samples and of the Density for liquid samples</li><li><strong>Automated Minimal Formula determination </strong>for pharmaceutical or fine chemicals applications</li><li><strong>Automated evaluation of C/N, C/H and C/S ratio</strong></li><li><strong>Automated data transfer</strong> to Microsoft Excel, LIMS and others</li></ul><h4><strong>Automated functions</strong></h4><ul><li>Auto-Start</li><li>Auto-Ready</li><li>Auto-Stand-By</li><li>Auto-Off</li><li>Auto Leak Test</li></ul><h4><strong>Unique and dedicated OxyTune function</strong></h4><p>The Thermo Scientific <strong>OxyTune Function</strong> automatically evaluates the oxygen needed for combustion, according to the weight and nature of your sample.</p><h4><strong>MultiValve Control Module: future-proof lab with more throughput and less costs</strong></h4><p>By switching the analysis from the left channel to the right one (or viceversa), the MVC Module increases your analysis throughput. When the system is not in use overnight, on weekends, or for a prolonged period of time you can also reduce helium consumption and overall cost of analysis by switching from helium to nitrogen or argon.</p><ul><li>Fully automated and software controlled</li><li>No need to change hardware or software configuration</li><li>Optional feature for extended lab throughput</li><li>Easy to add</li></ul>

LABTECH Analyser of organically bound halogens and sulphur LTX Unique

The latest model in the line of AOX/EOX analysers is the LTX Unique, which is the successor of the successful LTX-2000+ model

<p><strong>In the last decade, the group parameters of organically bound halogens (AOX, EOX, POX) have become the most monitored indicators in the analysis of environmental samples. What speaks in favour of these group indicators is the constantly increasing number of individual halogenated compounds that need to be monitored in the environment, and the relative speed, simplicity and excellent reproducibility of the entire analytical determination.</strong></p><p>LABTECH has been developing and manufacturing organically bound halogens analysers for over 20 years. The latest model in the line of AOX/EOX analysers is the LTX Unique, which is the successor of the successful LTX-2000+ model.</p><h3><strong>LTX Unique – AOX, EOX, POX and TX analyzer</strong></h3><p>LTX Unique brings easy-to-use, fast and precise determination of halogens to your lab. The modular system is capable to analyze wide range of halogen concentrations in various matrices at high flexibility and low cost operation. It meets with applicable ISO, DIN, EPA and ASTM standards.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LABTECH_LTX_Unique_AOX_EOX_POX_and_TX_analyzer_6f92cc9a9f.jpg" alt="LABTECH: LTX Unique – AOX, EOX, POX and TX analyzer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LABTECH_LTX_Unique_AOX_EOX_POX_and_TX_analyzer_6f92cc9a9f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="232"></p><h4><strong>Analysis of Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX)</strong></h4><p>Most organic halogens are originated during utilization of different kind of solid and liquide materials and compounds which contain chlorine substances. Monitoring of processes like water treatment, bleaching, refinery and many others industrial processes is important to avoid contamination of environment by organic halogens.</p><p><strong>LTX UNIQUE</strong> is designed to measure organic bound halogens in solid and liquid samples. These halogens are determinated as specific groups of parameters:</p><ul><li><strong>AOX</strong> (Adsorbable Organic Halogens)</li><li><strong>EOX</strong> (Extractable Organic Halogens)</li><li><strong>POX </strong>(Purgeable Organic Halogens)</li><li><strong>TX</strong> (Total Organic Halogens)</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LABTECH_LTX_UNIQUE_Analysis_of_Adsorbable_Organic_Halogens_AOX_e86691384a.jpg" alt="LABTECH: LTX UNIQUE - Analysis of Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LABTECH_LTX_UNIQUE_Analysis_of_Adsorbable_Organic_Halogens_AOX_e86691384a.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="628" height="419"></p><h4><strong>LTX UNIQUE meets your lab needs</strong></h4><p>This microcoulometric combustion analyzer directly determinates concentrations of usually 10 micrograms per litre in water of organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine (expressed as chloride or halogens) adsorbable on activated carbon. Higher concentrations are possible by diluting prior to analysis. The AOX analyzer can be used for either <strong>routine determination of halogens</strong> or <strong>R&amp;D</strong> in a wide range of <strong>environmental</strong> and <strong>industrial applications</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LABTECH_LTX_UNIQUE_titration_curve_4d327bf3a6.jpg" alt="LABTECH: LTX UNIQUE - titration curve" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LABTECH_LTX_UNIQUE_titration_curve_4d327bf3a6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="269"></p><h4><strong>LTX Unique – highlights of the technology</strong></h4><h5><strong>Furnace</strong></h5><ul><li>High temperature furnace with adjustable temperature control</li><li>Robust combustion tube allows efficient and time-optimized combustion proces</li><li>Pre-treatment before the combustion process</li><li>Same combustion unit for AOX and EOX determination</li></ul><h5><strong>Microcoulometric Titration</strong></h5><ul><li>Durable and easy-to-use titration cell designed by Labtech</li><li>Wide dynamic range and high stability microcoulometer</li><li>Robust and compact electrodes with low and easy maintenance</li><li>Suitable for a separate determination of halides</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LABTECH_LTX_UNIQUE_Microcoulometric_Titration_bc21e40ef0.jpg" alt="LABTECH: LTX UNIQUE - Microcoulometric Titration" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LABTECH_LTX_UNIQUE_Microcoulometric_Titration_bc21e40ef0.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="464"></p><h5><strong>Sample Introduction and Measurement</strong></h5><ul><li>Measurement of organic halogens in liquide and solid samples</li><li>Both quarts boats and frits are supported</li><li>Fast and easy switch over between AOX and EOX modules conected to the same measurement unit</li><li>Intuitive application SW quides the operator and save time for analysis</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LABTECH_LTX_UNIQUE_Sample_Introduction_and_Measurement_eec4f7f68e.jpg" alt="LABTECH: LTX UNIQUE - Sample Introduction and Measurement" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LABTECH_LTX_UNIQUE_Sample_Introduction_and_Measurement_eec4f7f68e.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="464"></p><h4><strong>Determination of Organic Halogens</strong></h4><p>LTX Unique meets with all requirement in AOX analysis and other international and local standards are also supported (e.g. EOX, POX and TX methods). Halogens can be determined from a wide range of matrices by combustion process and microcoulemetric measurement. The following examples can give an overview how organically bound halogens are determinated:</p><ul><li><h5><strong>AOX (Adsorbable Organic Halogens)</strong></h5><ul><li>according to ISO 9562, DIN EN 9562, DIN 38 414-S18, ASTM D 4744-89, EPA Method 450.1, EPA Test Method 9020</li><li>Halogens are measured by sorption of organohalides from the aqueous sample on activated charcoal according to standardizes procedures. This charcoal is introduced to cumbustion tube.</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>EOX (Extractable Organic Halogens)</strong></h5><ul><li>according to NEN 6402, DIN 38409-H8, DIN 38414-S17.</li><li>These organic halogens are determinated by extraction with low polar solvent.</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>POX (Purgeable Organic Halogens)</strong></h5><ul><li>according DIN 38414-S17, EPA Test Method 9021</li><li>Volatile organic halogens as purched components are measured from water or suspension in inert gas at certain temperature.</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>TX (Total Organic Halogens)</strong></h5><ul><li>according to EPA 9076</li><li>Determination of TX is run on a wide range of liquid hydrocarbon samples without any separation.</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications of LTX UNIQUE</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Dimensions:</strong> 970 x 360 x 295 mm (W x D x H)</li><li><strong>Weight: </strong>27 kg</li><li><strong>Furnace temp</strong>.: Max. 1100 °C</li><li><strong>Power supply:</strong> 230 V / 50 Hz, max.1100 W</li><li><strong>Gas requirements: </strong>Oxygen 99.6 % (AOX/EOX)</li><li><strong>Argon: </strong>99.996 % (EOX)</li><li><strong>Software: </strong>ENGINE LT</li><li><strong>PC: </strong>Windows® 10</li><li><strong>Detector: </strong>Microcoulometer with Ag indication electrode</li><li><strong>Titration currents:</strong> 2000, 200, 20 and 2 uA</li><li><strong>Measuring range:</strong> 0,1 - 300 µg Cl-</li><li><strong>Limit of detection: </strong>0,02 µg Cl-</li></ul>

LECO TruSpec Micro CHN/CHNS/O

TruSpec Micro provides fast, reliable CHN, CHNS, and optional oxygen analysis of micro samples with low cost-per-analysis, robust design, and rapid results in as little as 4 minutes.

<p><strong>The TruSpec Micro delivers high-performance determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen in solid or liquid micro samples. Its integrated design combines speed, robustness, and low maintenance to provide reliable and consistent elemental analysis, even for demanding laboratory workflows.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_Tru_Spec_Micro_CHN_CHNS_O_4090ff8fc5.jpg" alt="LECO: TruSpec Micro CHN/CHNS/O" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_Tru_Spec_Micro_CHN_CHNS_O_4090ff8fc5.jpg 218w," sizes="100vw" width="1202" height="862"></p><h4><strong>Key Features</strong></h4><ul><li>Optimal performance for CHN, CHNS, and optional oxygen determination in micro samples</li><li><strong>Low cost-per-analysis</strong> with minimal reagent consumption</li><li><strong>Nominal sample mass of 2 mg</strong>, ideal for limited or valuable samples</li><li><strong>Rapid analysis times</strong> (approximately 4 minutes for CHN/CHNS)</li><li>Reduced downtime and maintenance due to robust system design</li><li>Supports compliance with <strong>21 CFR Part 11</strong> regulations</li><li>Optional <strong>oxygen module</strong> enables independent oxygen determination using high-temperature pyrolysis at <strong>1300 °C</strong>, with analysis times of about 2 minutes</li></ul><h4><strong>Theory of Operation</strong></h4><p>The TruSpec Micro CHN and CHNS systems achieve their efficiency and speed through a flow-through carrier gas design combined with highly selective infrared (IR) and thermal conductivity (TC) detectors.</p><p>A weighed micro sample is placed into the autoloader and automatically introduced into a high-temperature combustion furnace. During combustion, carbon is converted to CO₂, hydrogen to H₂O, nitrogen to N₂, and sulfur to SO₂. The resulting gases are swept from the furnace through scrubbing reagents and directed to the detection system as they are released. Independent IR detectors simultaneously measure carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur, while nitrogen is quantified using a thermal conductivity detector. The complete CHN or CHNS analysis cycle is finished in approximately four minutes.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_Tru_Spec_Micro_CHN_CHNS_O_2_be47a94ba1.jpg" alt="LECO: TruSpec Micro CHN/CHNS/O" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_Tru_Spec_Micro_CHN_CHNS_O_2_be47a94ba1.jpg 204w," sizes="100vw" width="855" height="654"></p><h4><strong>Optional Oxygen Determination</strong></h4><p>The micro oxygen add-on module extends the TruSpec Micro’s capabilities to oxygen analysis in organic matrices and is compatible with both CHN and CHNS configurations. Samples are introduced into a dedicated high-temperature pyrolysis furnace, where oxygen reacts in a carbon-rich environment to form CO. The CO is then converted to CO₂ and measured by an infrared detector. Oxygen analysis is completed in roughly one to two minutes, depending on configuration.</p><h4><strong>Models</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>TruSpec Micro CHNS</strong> – Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur determination</li><li><strong>TruSpec Micro CHN</strong> – Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen determination</li></ul><h4><strong>Options</strong></h4><ul><li>Sulfur add-on module</li><li>Oxygen add-on module</li></ul>

LECO RC612 Multiphase Determination of Carbon and Water

The LECO RC612 delivers fast carbon and water determination with advanced carbon form differentiation, flexible furnace programming, IR detection, and optional automation in a compact, easy-to-use system.

<p><strong>The RC612 is a state-of-the-art analyzer designed for fast and reliable determination of carbon and water in a wide range of organic and inorganic materials. In addition to total carbon and moisture quantification, the RC612 enables differentiation between multiple carbon forms, providing deeper insight into sample composition. Its compact footprint, robust construction, and intuitive operating software make it a powerful yet easy-to-use solution for routine and advanced laboratory applications.</strong></p><h4><strong>Key Features</strong></h4><ul><li>Complies with <strong>AWS (ANSI) approved methods</strong> for determination of moisture content in welding fluxes and welding electrode flux coverings</li><li>Supports both <strong>qualitative and quantitative analysis</strong></li><li><strong>Easy-to-install combustion tube</strong> simplifies maintenance and reduces downtime</li><li>Large-diameter reaction tube enables moisture analysis of diverse sample types, including powders, flat strips, and tubular sections</li><li>Differentiation of <strong>surface, free, organic, and inorganic carbon</strong> forms</li><li>Optional <strong>rugged 50-position autoloader</strong> for unattended, automated operation</li><li>Built-in <strong>on-board diagnostics</strong> to minimize downtime and support reliable performance</li></ul><h4><strong>Theory of Operation</strong></h4><p>The RC612 multiphase carbon and hydrogen/moisture determinator measures carbon and water content in organic and inorganic samples while distinguishing between different carbon sources. The system employs a dual-stage furnace with advanced temperature control, programmable from near ambient up to 1100 °C, allowing tailored thermal programs for specific applications.</p><p>During analysis, the operator can define multiple furnace steps and select either oxygen or nitrogen as the purge gas to create oxidizing or inert conditions. Under these controlled environments, carbon- and water-containing components are either combusted or reacted. An integrated afterburner furnace, typically operated at 850 °C, together with a secondary oxidation catalyst, ensures complete conversion of all evolved components.</p><p>Quantification is performed using <strong>infrared (IR) detection</strong>, with results reported as weight percent or coating weight (mg/in²). When samples are combusted in an oxidizing atmosphere, nearly all carbon forms are converted to CO₂. Organic carbon is identified by the simultaneous formation of CO₂ and H₂O, producing coincident IR signals. In inert conditions, water and carbonates are detected while organic carbon is generally not observed, enabling selective differentiation of carbon species.</p><p>For unknown samples, a slow temperature ramp program (for example, 100 °C to 1000 °C at 20 °C/min) can be applied. This approach reveals the temperatures at which various carbon forms oxidize or volatilize, allowing optimization of furnace programs for faster and more targeted quantitative analysis in routine workflows.</p>

LECO DH603 Residual and Diffusible Hydrogen Determination by Hot Extraction

The LECO DH603 delivers fast, precise residual and diffusible hydrogen determination in ferrous alloys using hot extraction, advanced furnace control, and flexible sampling options.

<p><strong>The DH603 Hot Extraction Analyzer is designed for fast, precise determination of hydrogen in iron and ferrous alloys. It supports residual (total) hydrogen analysis as well as combined diffusible and residual hydrogen determination using a single, compact instrument. With a small footprint, intuitive operating software, enhanced safety features, and a robust mechanical design, the DH603 streamlines hydrogen analysis in both production and quality control environments.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_DH_603_Stanoveni_zbytkoveho_a_difuzniho_vodiku_horkou_extrakci_d968c7c42b.jpg" alt="LECO: DH603 Residual and Diffusible Hydrogen Determination by Hot Extraction" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_DH_603_Stanoveni_zbytkoveho_a_difuzniho_vodiku_horkou_extrakci_d968c7c42b.jpg 237w," sizes="100vw" width="1325" height="875"></p><h4><strong>Key Features</strong></h4><ul><li>Exclusive <strong>ECLIPSE architecture</strong>, a LECO-designed platform that improves long-term reliability and simplifies serviceability</li><li>Support for a wide range of <strong>evacuated pin tubes and diffusible samplers</strong> for rapid hydrogen determination in molten metals</li><li>Improved internal plumbing for faster and easier maintenance of the gas flow path</li><li>Ergonomic outer shells provide <strong>easy access to critical components</strong> for routine operation and service</li><li>Advanced furnace control system enabling <strong>temperature ramping from ambient to 1100 °C</strong></li><li>Optional <strong>diffusible sampler piercer</strong>, allowing users to choose between residual/total hydrogen or combined diffusible and residual hydrogen measurements</li><li><strong>Gas dose calibration</strong> capability enables calibration without the need for reference materials</li></ul><h4><strong>Theory of Operation</strong></h4><p>The DH603 determines hydrogen content in iron and ferrous alloys using hot extraction coupled with thermal conductivity detection. The system supports two analytical approaches: residual (total) hydrogen determination and combined diffusible plus residual hydrogen determination when equipped with the optional piercer.</p><p>For <strong>residual (total) hydrogen analysis</strong>, a pre-weighed sample is placed directly into the furnace. Hydrogen is released from the sample by hot extraction and carried into a flowing inert gas stream. The evolved hydrogen is quantified using a thermal conductivity detector, and results are reported in parts per million (ppm). Samples are typically collected using LECO vacuum pin tubes or equivalent techniques.</p><p>For <strong>diffusible and residual hydrogen analysis</strong>, a sampler is first placed into the optional piercing unit. The sampler is punctured, allowing diffusible molecular hydrogen to be purged into the carrier gas stream and measured by the thermal conductivity detector. After diffusible hydrogen measurement, the sampler is removed, the outer shroud is taken off, and the remaining pin sample is weighed. This sample is then introduced into the furnace, where residual hydrogen is released by hot extraction and quantified. Final hydrogen concentrations are reported in ppm, providing a complete hydrogen profile from a single instrument.</p><h4><strong>Available Models</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>DH603DC</strong> – DH603 with diffusible hydrogen piercer</li><li><strong>DH603C</strong> – DH603 for residual (total) hydrogen determination</li></ul>

LECO 844 Series Combustion Analysis for Carbon and Sulfur

LECO CS844 Series provides fast, accurate carbon and sulfur determination in metals and inorganic materials using combustion, dual-range IR detection, automation options, and Cornerstone® software.

<p><strong>Easily perform wide-range carbon and sulfur analysis with the LECO CS844 Series. Designed for the determination of carbon and sulfur in primary steels, ores, finished metals, ceramics, and other inorganic materials, the CS844 uses proven combustion technology combined with advanced hardware and LECO’s Cornerstone® touch-screen software. The result is improved usability, higher productivity, and a lower cost per analysis for demanding metallurgical laboratories.</strong></p><h4><strong>Available Models</strong></h4><p>The CS844 Series offers flexible configurations to match different analytical needs:</p><ul><li><strong>CS844</strong> – Carbon and Sulfur Analyzer</li><li><strong>C844</strong> – Carbon Analyzer</li><li><strong>S844</strong> – Sulfur Analyzer</li><li><strong>CS844ES</strong> – Carbon and Enhanced Sulfur Analyzer</li><li><strong>S844ES</strong> – Enhanced Sulfur Analyzer</li></ul><h4><strong>Key Features and Benefits</strong></h4><p>The CS844 Series is engineered to maximize laboratory efficiency, uptime, and analytical performance:</p><ul><li><h5><strong>Automation to maximize productivity</strong></h5><ul><li>10- and 60-position shuttle loaders available</li><li>Integrated robotic process loader option for extended unattended operation</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>Low-maintenance operation</strong></h5><ul><li>High-efficiency autocleaner and vacuum system minimizes routine maintenance</li><li>Automatic combustion tube service and exchange system reduces downtime</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>Operator-focused design</strong></h5><ul><li>Ergonomic, boom-mounted touch-screen interface for comfortable and intuitive operation</li><li>Cornerstone® software provides streamlined control and real-time diagnostics</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>Advanced infrared detection</strong></h5><ul><li>Improved IR cell design with dual-range detection</li><li>Enhanced long-term stability and extended detector lifetime</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>Efficient furnace design</strong></h5><ul><li>High-efficiency induction furnace with low-maintenance construction</li><li>Reduced need for accelerants and cleaning, lowering operating costs</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_rada_844_Analyza_uhliku_a_siry_spalovaci_metodou_18532af2ef.jpg" alt="LECO 844 Series" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_rada_844_Analyza_uhliku_a_siry_spalovaci_metodou_18532af2ef.jpg 139w," sizes="100vw" width="710" height="792"></p><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p>The CS844 Series is ideally suited for the analysis of:</p><ul><li>Primary steels</li><li>Ores and minerals</li><li>Finished metals and alloys</li><li>Ceramics</li><li>Other inorganic materials</li></ul><h4><strong>Theory of Operation</strong></h4><p>The CS844 Carbon/Sulfur system is designed for the wide-range determination of carbon and sulfur in metals, ores, ceramics, and other inorganic materials using combustion and infrared detection. The analyzer is controlled by custom Cornerstone® software optimized for touch-screen operation.</p><p>A pre-weighed sample, typically around 1 gram, is combusted in a stream of purified oxygen using RF induction heating. During combustion, carbon and sulfur in the sample are oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). The oxygen carrier gas transports the combustion gases through a heated dust filter and a drying reagent before entering the detection system.</p><p>Sulfur is measured first as SO₂ using non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) detection. The gas stream then passes through a heated catalyst, where carbon monoxide (CO) is converted to CO₂ and SO₂ is further oxidized to sulfur trioxide (SO₃), which is subsequently removed by a filter. Carbon is then detected as CO₂ using a second set of NDIR cells.</p><p>To ensure measurement stability, a pressure controller maintains constant pressure within the IR cells, minimizing the influence of ambient atmospheric pressure variations. An electronic flow sensor at the end of the flow path provides continuous diagnostic monitoring of carrier gas flow.</p><p>NDIR detection is based on the absorption of infrared energy by CO₂ and SO₂ at characteristic wavelengths. Because absorption depends on optical path length, both short and long path-length IR cells are used to cover high- and low-concentration ranges. The software automatically selects the appropriate detection path to ensure optimal measurement performance.</p><p>Sample concentrations are determined relative to calibration standards. To reduce the effects of instrument drift, reference measurements using pure carrier gas are performed prior to each analysis.</p>

LECO 736 Series Inert Gas Fusion analysis of Oxygen and Nitrogen

LECO ON736 Series provides accurate oxygen and nitrogen determination in metals and inorganic materials using inert gas fusion, advanced IR and TC detection, automation options, and Cornerstone® software.

<p><strong>Transform the determination of oxygen and nitrogen in inorganic materials, ferrous and nonferrous alloys, and refractory materials with the LECO ON736 Series elemental analyzer. Designed for accuracy, reliability, and ease of use, the ON736 combines high-performance detector technology with LECO’s intuitive Cornerstone® touch-screen software. A range of optional, customizable features allows laboratories to configure the system to match specific analytical and productivity requirements.</strong></p><h4><strong>Available Models</strong></h4><p>The ON736 Series is available in multiple configurations to support different analytical needs:</p><ul><li><strong>ON736</strong> – Oxygen and Nitrogen Analyzer</li><li><strong>N736</strong> – Nitrogen Analyzer</li><li><strong>O736</strong> – Oxygen Analyzer</li></ul><h4><strong>Key Features and Benefits</strong></h4><p>The ON736 Series is engineered to deliver precise results, high uptime, and efficient laboratory workflows:</p><ul><li><h5><strong>High-performance detector design</strong></h5><ul><li>Thermostatically controlled construction protects against ambient temperature fluctuations</li><li>Optimized emitter control and detection circuitry for long-term stability</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>Flexible carrier gas options</strong></h5><ul><li>Choice of helium or argon carrier gas to match application and cost requirements</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>Automation for increased productivity</strong></h5><ul><li>Optional autocleaner reduces the need for manual cleaning between analyses</li><li>20-position shuttle loader for crucibles and samples supports unattended operation</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>Ergonomic, operator-focused design</strong></h5><ul><li>Boom-mounted touch-screen interface improves accessibility and ease of use</li><li>Cornerstone® software provides intuitive control and real-time system feedback</li></ul></li><li><h5><strong>Advanced detection technology</strong></h5><ul><li>Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) detection for oxygen</li><li>Thermal conductivity (TC) detection for nitrogen</li><li>No moving parts and no manual detector adjustments required</li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_rada_736_Analyza_kysliku_a_dusiku_roztavenim_vzorku_v_inertnim_plynu_3_0ec033bbbb.jpg" alt="LECO 736 Series" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_rada_736_Analyza_kysliku_a_dusiku_roztavenim_vzorku_v_inertnim_plynu_3_0ec033bbbb.jpg 151w," sizes="100vw" width="825" height="852"></p><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p>The ON736 Series is ideally suited for a wide range of inorganic and metallurgical applications, including:</p><ul><li>Inorganic materials</li><li>Ferrous and nonferrous alloys</li><li>Copper and aluminum</li><li>Refractory materials</li></ul><h4><strong>Theory of Operation</strong></h4><p>The ON736 Oxygen/Nitrogen system is designed for the simultaneous determination of oxygen and nitrogen in steel and other inorganic materials using the inert gas fusion technique. The analyzer is controlled by custom Cornerstone® software optimized for touch-screen operation.</p><p>A pre-weighed sample is placed into a graphite crucible and heated in an impulse furnace. During heating, oxygen present in the sample reacts with the graphite crucible to form carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). An inert carrier gas, typically helium, sweeps the released gases from the furnace through a mass flow controller and into the detection system.</p><p>The gas stream passes through a heated reagent where CO is oxidized to CO₂ and hydrogen is oxidized to form water (H₂O). Oxygen is measured as CO₂ using a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) detector. The CO₂ and H₂O are then removed from the carrier gas stream, leaving nitrogen as the remaining analyte.</p><p>Nitrogen is detected using a thermal conductivity (TC) detector. TC detection is based on the difference in thermal conductivity between the carrier gas and nitrogen. Heated filaments respond to changes in heat transfer as nitrogen enters the gas stream, producing a measurable electrical signal.</p><p>Sample concentrations are calculated relative to calibration standards. To minimize the effects of instrument drift and ensure consistent accuracy, reference measurements of pure carrier gas are performed prior to each analysis.</p>

LECO 744 Series Combustion Analysis for Carbon and Sulfur

LECO 744 Series enables fast, accurate carbon and sulfur analysis in metals and inorganic materials using RF induction combustion, advanced IR detection, optional automation, and Cornerstone® software.

<p><strong>Redefine how carbon and sulfur are determined in metals, ores, and other inorganic materials with the LECO 744 Series. Developed using extensive customer feedback and innovative engineering, the 744 Series combines a high-performance induction furnace with LECO’s immersive Cornerstone® touch-screen software platform. Advanced hardware features, including an improved IR cell design and optional automation, work together to improve usability, increase laboratory productivity, and reduce cost per analysis.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_rada_744_Analyza_uhliku_a_siry_spalovaci_metodou_5_f71d7b0a5e.jpg" alt="LECO 744 Series" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_rada_744_Analyza_uhliku_a_siry_spalovaci_metodou_5_f71d7b0a5e.jpg 139w," sizes="100vw" width="624" height="701"></p><h4><strong>Available Models</strong></h4><p>The 744 Series is available in multiple configurations to match your analytical needs:</p><ul><li><strong>CS744</strong> – Carbon and Sulfur Analyzer</li><li><strong>C744</strong> – Carbon Analyzer</li><li><strong>S744</strong> – Sulfur Analyzer</li></ul><h4><strong>Key Features and Benefits</strong></h4><p>The 744 Series is engineered for robust performance, ease of use, and reliable long-term operation:</p><ul><li><strong>High-frequency induction furnace for fast, consistent combustion</strong><ul><li>18 MHz, 2.2 kW RF induction furnace</li><li>Rapid heating for reproducible sample oxidation</li></ul></li><li><strong>Integrated oxygen lance</strong><ul><li>Floods the crucible with high-purity oxygen</li><li>Ensures complete combustion, even for difficult matrices</li></ul></li><li><strong>Automation options for increased throughput</strong><ul><li>Optional 10-sample and 60-sample autoloaders</li><li>Supports extended, unattended operation</li></ul></li><li><strong>High-velocity vacuum system</strong><ul><li>Effectively contains dust and debris</li><li>Helps maintain a clean analytical environment</li></ul></li><li><strong>Improved infrared (IR) cell design</strong><ul><li>Temperature-stabilized construction reduces sensitivity to ambient conditions</li><li>Optimized emitter control and detection circuitry</li><li>Enhanced long-term stability and extended IR cell lifetime</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>Theory of Operation</strong></h4><p>The CS744 carbon and sulfur analyzer is designed for wide-range determination of carbon and sulfur in metals, ores, ceramics, and other inorganic materials using combustion and non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) detection. The instrument is controlled by custom Cornerstone® software optimized for touch-screen operation.</p><p>A pre-weighed sample, typically around 1 gram, is combusted in a pure oxygen stream using RF induction heating. During combustion, carbon and sulfur in the sample are oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). The combustion gases are carried by the oxygen stream through a drying reagent and into the detection system.</p><p>Sulfur is first measured as SO₂ using an NDIR cell. The gas stream then passes through a heated catalyst, where carbon monoxide (CO) is converted to CO₂ and sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfur trioxide (SO₃), which is subsequently removed by a filter. Carbon is then measured as CO₂ using a second NDIR cell.</p><p>A pressure controller maintains constant pressure within the NDIR cells, minimizing interference caused by natural fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. An electronic flow sensor at the end of the gas stream continuously monitors carrier gas flow for diagnostic and system integrity purposes.</p><p>NDIR detection is based on the principle that CO₂ and SO₂ absorb infrared energy at characteristic wavelengths. The amount of absorbed IR energy is proportional to the gas concentration. Sample concentrations are calculated relative to calibration standards, with reference measurements of pure carrier gas performed prior to each analysis to reduce the impact of instrument drift and ensure accurate, reproducible results.</p>

LECO 828 Series: Macro Combustion Analysis for C, H, N, and Protein Determination

The LECO 828 Series Macro Combustion Analyzers provide fast, reliable determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and protein.

<h3><strong>LECO 828 Series – Macro Combustion Analysis for Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Protein</strong></h3><p>The <strong>LECO 828 Series macro combustion analyzers</strong> represent an industry-leading solution for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and protein across a wide range of sample types. Designed for laboratories that demand high throughput, robustness, and analytical reliability, the 828 Series combines advanced hardware with the intuitive <strong>Cornerstone® touchscreen software platform</strong> to support efficient routine and research workflows.</p><p>Building on the proven performance of earlier LECO macro combustion instruments, the 828 Series introduces significant improvements in sample throughput, system uptime, and long-term operational reliability. With rapid analysis cycle times of <strong>as little as 2.8 minutes</strong> and the ability to handle macro-scale samples, the system is ideally suited for high-volume laboratories processing diverse matrices.</p><p>For expanded analytical flexibility, all 828 Series instruments can be equipped with the <strong>S832 add-on module</strong>, enabling independent sulfur determination and further extending the scope of applications supported by a single analyzer.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_rada_828_Makroanalyza_spalovanim_pro_analyzator_uhliku_vodiku_dusiku_a_bilkovin_e86acd897e.jpg" alt="LECO 828 Series" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_rada_828_Makroanalyza_spalovanim_pro_analyzator_uhliku_vodiku_dusiku_a_bilkovin_e86acd897e.jpg 137w," sizes="100vw" width="454" height="516"></p><h3><strong>Available Models</strong></h3><p>The LECO 828 Series is offered in multiple configurations to match specific analytical requirements:</p><ul><li><strong>FP828</strong> – Nitrogen and Protein Analyzer</li><li><strong>FP828P</strong> – Performance Nitrogen and Protein Analyzer</li><li><strong>CN828</strong> – Carbon and Nitrogen Analyzer</li><li><strong>CNH828</strong> – Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen Analyzer</li></ul><h3><strong>System Options and Enhancements</strong></h3><p>To further optimize laboratory workflows, the following options are available:</p><ul><li>S832 add-on module for sulfur determination</li><li>Cornerstone® Mobile for remote system monitoring</li><li>SmartLine™ Remote Diagnostics</li><li>Boom-mounted touchscreen monitor</li><li>Performance Package for enhanced throughput and efficiency</li></ul><h3><strong>Key Benefits and Performance Features</strong></h3><h4><strong>Maximized Laboratory Productivity</strong></h4><p>The 828 Series is engineered to support high sample throughput and short turnaround times. Rapid combustion and detection cycles—down to 2.8 minutes for FP and CN models—enable laboratories to analyze more samples per day without compromising data quality.</p><h4><strong>Exceptional Reliability and System Uptime</strong></h4><p>Extended reagent lifetimes and a robust mechanical design minimize unscheduled downtime and reduce the frequency of routine maintenance. This ensures stable, continuous operation even in demanding, high-volume environments.</p><h4><strong>Lower Maintenance and Operating Costs</strong></h4><p>The analyzer is designed with easy access to routine maintenance areas, allowing service tasks to be completed quickly and efficiently. The reagent-free furnace design further reduces operational costs by eliminating consumable reagents and simplifying system upkeep.</p><h4><strong>High Sample Capacity with Automated Operation</strong></h4><p>A rugged <strong>30-position autoloader</strong> supports unattended operation, with optional expansion to accommodate up to <strong>120 samples</strong>. This enables consistent, hands-free processing of large sample batches while minimizing operator intervention.</p><h4><strong>Operator-Focused Ergonomic Design</strong></h4><p>An ergonomic, boom-mounted touchscreen interface allows operators to control the system comfortably from a standing position. This design improves usability, reduces physical strain, and helps prevent handling errors during routine operation.</p><h4><strong>Highly Efficient Furnace Technology</strong></h4><p>The vertical quartz furnace used in the 828 Series is optimized for complete and efficient combustion. Its reagent-free design ensures consistent oxidation performance, high analytical accuracy, and long-term reliability without the need for additional consumables.</p><h3><strong>Application Areas</strong></h3><p>The versatility of the LECO 828 Series makes it suitable for a broad range of industries and sample types, including:</p><ul><li>Feeds, pet foods, grains, and cereals</li><li>Milled and processed food products</li><li>Protein-rich materials such as fermentation products, dairy whey, and cheese</li><li>Soils, sediments, fertilizers, and plant tissue</li><li>Waste materials, resins, polymers, biomass, coal, and coke</li><li>Petroleum products and chemical additives</li></ul><h3><strong>Principle of Operation</strong></h3><p>The LECO 828 Series employs a <strong>macro combustion technique</strong> using a vertical quartz furnace to determine elemental composition in a wide variety of organic matrices, including foods, feeds, soils, and fuels.</p><p>Samples are weighed into tin capsules or encapsulated in tin foil and loaded into the analyzer. Once introduced, the system executes a fully automated analytical sequence. The sample first enters a sealed purge chamber, where atmospheric gases are removed to prevent analytical interference.</p><p>Following purging, the sample is transferred into the combustion furnace and oxidized rapidly in a high-purity oxygen environment. The resulting combustion gases are then routed through the detection system. Depending on the analyzer configuration, carbon is measured as carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen as nitrogen gas (N₂), and hydrogen as hydrogen gas (H₂).</p><p>For sulfur determination, when equipped with the appropriate configuration, the system includes an afterburner stage that removes sulfur-containing compounds from the gas stream prior to detection.</p><p>This automated, high-efficiency workflow delivers excellent analytical precision, fast cycle times, and reproducible results, reinforcing the LECO 828 Series as a dependable solution for modern elemental analysis laboratories.</p>

LECO 928 Series Macro Determination through Combustion

The 928 Series Macro Combustion Determinators deliver fast, reliable C, N, S, and protein analysis for challenging macro samples. High sample capacity, automation, and Cornerstone™ software maximize productivity and minimize cost per analysis.

<h3><strong>928 Series Macro Combustion Determination of C, N, S, and Protein</strong></h3><p>The <strong>928 Series Macro Combustion Determinators</strong> are designed for laboratories that routinely analyze heterogeneous, difficult-to-prepare, or low-level analyte samples. The platform supports determination of <strong>Carbon/Nitrogen/Sulfur (CNS)</strong> and <strong>Nitrogen/Protein</strong> using high-temperature combustion, delivering reliable results even with challenging macro-scale samples.</p><p>Advanced instrument hardware combined with <strong>LECO’s exclusive Cornerstone™ touchscreen software</strong> increases laboratory throughput, system uptime, and analytical reliability. With the ability to handle <strong>macro sample masses up to 3 grams</strong> (for Nitrogen/Protein analysis, independent of carbon content), rapid cycle times, and a low cost per analysis, the 928 Series is ideally suited for demanding routine and research workflows.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_rada_928_Stanoveni_makrohodnot_pomoci_spalovani_3_74de99f8e5.jpg" alt="LECO 928 Series" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_LECO_rada_928_Stanoveni_makrohodnot_pomoci_spalovani_3_74de99f8e5.jpg 216w," sizes="100vw" width="711" height="513"></p><h4><strong>Key Features</strong></h4><h5><strong>High Throughput and Productivity</strong></h5><ul><li>Designed to maximize laboratory efficiency with exceptional sample throughput</li><li>Typical analysis cycle time of <strong>5 minutes</strong></li></ul><h5><strong>Macro Sample Capability</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>FP928</strong>: up to <strong>3.0 g</strong> sample mass (1.0 g nominal)</li><li><strong>CN928</strong>: up to <strong>1.0 g</strong> sample mass (0.5 g nominal)</li><li><strong>CNS928</strong>: up to <strong>0.3 g</strong> sample mass (0.2 g nominal)</li></ul><h5><strong>Automated Sample Handling</strong></h5><ul><li>Optional <strong>100-position autoloader</strong> supporting both sequential and non-sequential analysis</li></ul><h5><strong>Operator-Focused Design</strong></h5><ul><li>Ergonomic layout with <strong>boom-mounted touchscreen interface</strong></li><li>Convenient access to reagent tubes and routine maintenance areas</li></ul><h5><strong>Reduced Operating Costs</strong></h5><ul><li>Extended reagent lifetimes help minimize cost per analysis</li></ul><h5><strong>High-Temperature Combustion</strong></h5><ul><li>Horizontal furnace design operating at temperatures up to <strong>1450 °C</strong> ensures complete oxidation</li><li>Reagent-free furnace design improves efficiency and long-term reliability</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>The 928 Series is well suited for a wide range of organic and inorganic matrices, including:</strong></p><p>Meat and meat products, animal feeds, forage, pet food, grains, milled products, starches, fermentation products, dairy and cheese products, soils, sediments, fertilizers, plant tissue, filtration media, waste materials, fibers and textiles, resins and polymers, paper products, petroleum products, and petroleum additives.</p><h4><strong>Models Available</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>FP928</strong> – Nitrogen and Protein Analyzer</li><li><strong>CN928</strong> – Carbon and Nitrogen Analyzer</li><li><strong>CNS928</strong> – Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Analyzer</li></ul><h4><strong>Available Options</strong></h4><ul><li>Boom-mounted touchscreen interface</li><li>Cornerstone™ Mobile</li><li>SmartLine™ Remote Diagnostics</li></ul><h4><strong>Featured Applications</strong></h4><ul><li>Determination of Nitrogen in Plastics</li><li>Nitrogen/Protein Analysis in Whey and Powdered Dairy Products</li><li>Carbon and Nitrogen Determination in Coal and Coke</li><li>Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis in Carbon Black and Graphite</li><li>Nitrogen and Protein Determination in Milk and Milk Products</li></ul>

Products focused on Elemental Analysis - page 2

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