Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 19th October 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies and LECO and brochure by Shimadzu!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Determination of 366 Pesticides in Cocoa Liquor</h3>Using Agilent Captiva EMR-GPD passthrough cleanup and GC/MS/MS and LC/MS/MS detection<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/an_pesticides_cocoa_ms_5994_9043en_agilent_508ce8da26.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><section><div><div><div><div><div><div>Cocoa liquor is a key and central intermediate used in the manufacture of a wide range of cocoa-derived products, including chocolate, cocoa butter, and cocoa powder. Its production begins with the processing of cocoa beans (as shown in Figure 1) and it contains both cocoa butter and cocoa solids, making it the most representative and analytically challenging matrix for studying cocoa flavor, quality, safety, and authenticity.1&nbsp;As cocoa beans are vulnerable to fungal infections and insect infestation, pesticides are often applied during cultivation and post-harvest processing. Consequently, regulatory agencies worldwide, such as the EU and US FDA, require stringent monitoring of pesticide residues in cacao-derived products to ensure consumer safety and compliance with maximum residue limits (MRLs).2&nbsp;However, pesticide analysis in cocoa liquor presents significant analytical challenges. The high lipid content, natural pigments, and abundant matrix coextractives can cause severe matrix effects, detector contamination, and reduced method robustness. These issues demand highly sensitive, selective, and rugged instrumentation capable of operating reliably even in the presence of complex sample backgrounds.&nbsp;To meet these analytical needs, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890">Agilent 8890</a>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7010D">7010D GC/MS/MS</a> and the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/lcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+infinity+III">Agilent 1290 Infinity III</a>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/lcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6475">6475 LC/MS/MS</a> systems provide powerful complementary platforms for comprehensive pesticide monitoring. The 7010D GC/MS/MS, equipped with the high-efficiency electron ionization source and the industry-leading femtogram‑level sensitivity, enables confident quantification of pesticide residues with outstanding selectivity through dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM). For thermally labile or highly polar pesticides that are unsuitable for GC analysis, the 6475 LC/MS/MS system offers superior sensitivity, robust spray stability, and advanced dMRM acquisition tailored for trace-level quantification, even in challenging matrices.&nbsp;This application note demonstrates a combined GC- and LC-based workflow that is optimized for cocoa liquor, including sample preparation, matrix cleanup strategies, and dMRM method development. As shown in Figure 2, 76&nbsp;analytes were analyzed by GC/MS/MS and 308 analytes were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. The GC/MS/MS analysis included 18 analytes that can also be determined using LC/MS/MS; thus, this workflow covers a total of 366&nbsp;unique pesticides. Together, the 7010D GC/MS/MS and 6475 LC/MS/MS deliver a comprehensive solution covering a broad range of pesticide chemistries while maintaining excellent accuracy, precision, and long‑term instrument&nbsp;robustness.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This study successfully demonstrated a robust and sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of 366 pesticides in cocoa liquor using the Agilent 8890/7010D GC/MS/MS and the 1290 Infinity III/6475 LC/MS/MS system.&nbsp;To achieve the most efficient use of instrument cycle time, both GC/MS/MS and LC/MS/MS data were acquired in dMRM mode. The dMRM methods were created and developed based on the Agilent MRM databases.&nbsp;The optimized workflow included sample extraction with the Bond Elut QuEChERS AOAC extraction kit followed by cleanup with the Agilent Captiva EMR-GPD kit. This workflow provided excellent linearity, recovery, and reproducibility.<h3>2. LECO: Modern-day Urinalysis; Combining Enhanced Chromatography with High Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Discover Potential Prostate Cancer Biomarkers in Human Urine</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/PEG_GC_HRT_4_D_PROSTATE_CANCER_BIOMARKERS_URINE_203_821_733_f14aae3a13.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Urinalysis is one of the oldest diagnostic practices in medicine, with origins tracing back to ancient civilizations that recognized urine as a reflection of internal health. Early physicians in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece visually inspected urine for its color, clarity, sediment, and odor, laying the groundwork for uroscopy. By the Middle Ages, urine wheels were developed to standardize interpretations, although these assessments remained largely qualitative and speculative (Figure 1, left). A major shift occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries with advances in chemistry, enabling the identification of specific urinary components such as glucose in diabetic patients. The 19th and early 20th centuries introduced microscopy and standardized chemical assays, solidifying urinalysis as a core clinical tool for detecting infections, metabolic disorders, and renal dysfunction.&nbsp;Today, urinalysis plays a crucial role in identifying disease-associated biomarkers, particularly for conditions where early detection is crucial. In oncology, urine-based assays are being developed for cancers such as bladder, prostate, kidney, and even systemic malignancies. These assays leverage signatures such as extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor DNA, metabolites, and protein fragments. Machine learning and high-throughput analytical platforms now integrate urinary biomarker profiles to enhance diagnostic accuracy, predict disease progression, and guide personalized therapies. This study describes the utilization of enhanced chromatography and high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the discovery of potential prostate cancer biomarkers in urine.<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4>Data were acquired on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/39">LECO Pegasus HRT 4D system</a> equipped with a Multi-Mode Source™ (MMS™), enabling Electron Ionization (EI), Positive Chemical Ionization (PCI), and Negative Chemical Ionization (NCI) to be performed with the same hardware. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/82">Auto Sampler - LECO L-PAL 3</a>, Gas Chromatograph - Agilent 8890 w/ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/44">LECO QuadJet Thermal Modulator</a>.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>From ancient visual inspection to modern molecular profiling, the evolution of urinalysis reflects continuous scientific progress—positioning urine as a powerful, noninvasive window into human health and a promising frontier for + next-generation disease detection. Today, LECO's Pegasus HRT 4D and ChromaTOF brand software provide robust analytical capabilities for complex biological samples and were used in the annotation of potential prostate cancer biomarkers in urine. The instrument generates comprehensive, untargeted datasets that can be interrogated through a variety of software tools, such as ChromaTOF Tile, which was demonstrated in this note. Automated Peak Find processing delivers extensive lists of annotated sample components through spectral-similarity searches and formula determinations based on high resolution, accurate-mass ions. Confident annotation of biomarkers associated with diseases such as prostate cancer can be accomplished with the workflows demonstrated in this application note.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Run Smarter, Go Greener: Smart Energy Saving In <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=2060">Nexis GC-2060</a></h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/s_gc_f34_b226302147.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>The New Industry Standard For Sustainable Laboratories&nbsp;</h5>Rising power demand and higher electricity prices highlight the need for smart energy management in modern laboratories. The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=2060">Nexis GC-2060 </a>delivers the ideal solution, combining energy savings, rapid readiness, and operator convenience. This allows laboratories to reduce running costs, limit heat output, and keep productivity high.<h5>ECO Idling: Smart Standby Without The Wait&nbsp;</h5>ECO Idling is Shimadzu’s smart standby feature that balances productivity with energy and gas savings. The system tracks usage patterns and visualizes workloads to recommend an optimized eco-schedule, automatically switching the GC between active and low-consumption states. The system adapts to your workflow instantly: Start a run, and it automatically resumes analysis ready performance. When work stops, it slips into the ECO state to lower power and gas use. For Nexis GC-2060 systems with a built-in ECO button, operators can turn ECO Idling on or off with a single touch—making it incredibly simple to lower laboratory running costs.<h5>Tech Tip: Why Does GC Require A Stabilization Period Before Analysis?&nbsp;</h5>Moisture adsorbed on columns and detectors is a common cause of prolonged start-up and stabilization times. Maintaining the column at 50°C reduces the relative humidity to approximately 13% (assuming 23°C room temperature).&nbsp;Use ECO Idling to schedule automated column cleaning followed by an oven warm-up before you start your day. This guarantees the system is fully stabilized and ready when you walk in, eliminating daily start-up delays and maximizing throughput.</div></div></div></div></div></div></section>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 43, 2026

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 43, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 19th October 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, LECO, Metrohm and Shimadzu!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Nickel and Cobalt Separation using Methyl Fluoride for Ni-59 Determination by ICP-QQQ</h3>Evaluation of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8900">Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ</a> for novel isobar separation affecting radionuclides<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/2026_10_15_Nickel_and_Cobalt_Separation_using_Methyl_Fluoride_for_Ni_59_Determination_by_ICP_QQQ_c37c0a26b0.pdf">Full PDF for download</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>Decommissioning of nuclear sites represents a significant global challenge given the range of sample types and radionuclides that must be characterized. In the UK alone, the estimated final decommissioning cost for existing sites is predicted to range from £95 to 218 billion. Accurate measurement of radionuclides in decommissioning wastes improves measurement confidence and can contribute to safer, more cost-effective decommissioning.1,2&nbsp;Nickel-59 is a radionuclide that is primarily formed through long-term neutron bombardment of stable 58Ni in steel in nuclear reactors. It has a long half-life of 76,000 ± 5000 years.3 Accurate characterization of 59Ni is therefore important for appropriate waste sentencing and long-term monitoring.4Mass spectrometry, including triple quadrupole ICP-MS (ICP-QQQ), is increasingly used as a rapid technique for measuring long-lived radionuclides in decommissioning wastes. For this approach to be effective, isobaric, polyatomic, and tailing interferences must first be removed. In the case of 59Ni, monoisotopic 59Co, polyatomic 58Ni1H, and peak tailing from the adjacent 58Ni peak (68.08% abundance)5 must all be fully separated before measurement. Previous mass spectrometric measurements of 59Ni have been performed using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).6,7 However, there is no routine analytical technique in place for 59Ni determination. So far, significant interferences have prevented measurement of 59Ni by ICP-MS. Offline separation of Ni and Co using anion exchange or extraction chromatography is effective.8,9 However, because 59Co is monoisotopic, some level of interference at m/z 59 is still expected.&nbsp;The in-instrument interference removal capability of ICP-QQQ has been shown to benefit multiple medium- and long-lived radionuclides, including 90Sr, 93Zr, 99Tc, 129I, and 135/137Cs.10–12 A recent study using methyl fluoride (CH3F) as a cell gas for the determination of a range of radionuclides by ICP-QQQ suggested that this method may be close to being considered an analytical technique for 59Ni.13 This study builds on those results through a detailed characterization of CH3F as a cell gas for Ni/Co separation using an Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>Instrumentation&nbsp;</h5>All measurements were performed using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8900">Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ</a> (#100 Advanced Applications model) located at the Agilent Center of Excellence in Cheadle, UK. The instrument was equipped with a MicroMist nebulizer, a Scott double-pass spray chamber, a 2.5&nbsp;mm internal-diameter quartz torch, Ni sample and skimmer cones, and x-lens. Before use, the instrument was tuned using a mixed stable standard solution to ensure that sensitivity, measurement uncertainty, oxide and doubly charged ion formation rates, and mass axis settings were within operational norms.&nbsp;The instrument is equipped with four cell gas lines. The CH3F cylinder (Air Products) was pre-diluted to 10% CH3F, with the balance in helium (He). It was introduced through the hydrogen cell line, which allows flow rates up to 10&nbsp;mL/min.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The results demonstrate a significant step towards enabling radioactive 59Ni measurement by ICP-QQQ using optimized cell gas conditions. The stable isotope 60Ni was used as a stable analog of 59Ni as there is no available radioactive standard to evaluate 59Ni directly. Operating the Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ with a fixed CH3F cell gas flow rate of 10.0 mL/min, and added helium, would provide the most effective separation of 59Co and 59Ni product ions. This approach has the potential to allow the concentration of the radioactive Ni isotope to be reliably assessed.&nbsp;The method can next be tested on dissolved steel samples, which are the main sample matrix of interest within the nuclear industry. A broader issue is the lack of a suitable 59Ni tracer for method development and validation, which will need to be addressed as interest in this radionuclide increases.<h3>2. LECO: Determination of Moisture in Pet Food</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/TGM_800_MOISTURE_PET_FOOD_203_821_735_dc5b444f40.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Determining moisture in pet food is fundamental for quality control, regulatory compliance, and nutritional evaluation. Pet food nutrient guarantees (protein, fat, fiber, etc.) are expressed on an as-fed basis and moisture content affects how these nutrients are calculated. High moisture content often reflects a lower nutrient concentration. To compare different pet food products fairly, nutrients are often converted to a dry matter basis, requiring accurate moisture data. High moisture content in non-canned pet food products can also lead to mold growth, toxin production, and yeast proliferation, which can be detrimental to an animal's health. This is especially important in semi-moist products, fresh/frozen diets, and treats.&nbsp;Pet food regulations and industry standards worldwide establish requirements for product labeling, nutritional declarations, and quality control. Moisture content is a critical parameter, as declared values must accurately reflect product composition and meet applicable requirements. Moisture levels that exceed declared values can result in product recalls, customer complaints, reduced shelf life, and increased product waste. As a result, accurate and reliable moisture determination is essential for maintaining product quality, protecting brand reputation, and preserving consumer confidence.<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is an analytical technique in which changes in sample mass due to changes in the physical and chemical properties of materials is measured as a function of temperature and time. TGA is commonly used to determine selected characteristics of materials that exhibit either mass loss or gain due to decomposition, oxidation, or loss of volatile materials such as moisture. Macro TGA systems typically use a nominal one-gram sample mass to allow more accurate mass change measurements in heterogeneous materials.The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1878">LECO TGM800</a> is a macro thermogravimetric analyzer designed to determine the moisture content of materials using a mass loss-on-drying technique. Mass loss of the sample is measured as a function of the oven temperature while controlling the atmosphere and ventilation rate. The TGM800 allows up to 16 samples to be analyzed simultaneously, with a maximum oven temperature of 175 °C.<h3>3. Metrohm: Fish meal analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy</h3>NIR spectroscopy reduces analysis time from hours to seconds<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/an_nir_148_download_f4365741c6.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Regarding animal nutrition, fish meal is a premium source of omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and essential minerals. Due to its nutritional properties, it is not only widely used in aquaculture, but also as an additive to swine feed and poultry feed. To analyze the main quality components of fish meal, such as fiber, fat, protein, moisture, and ash content, multiple wet chemistry methods are usually needed. Instead of waiting hours for the results from these wet chemical techniques, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) delivers results within seconds without the use of chemicals. This allows manufacturers to execute frequent checks against product specifications and perform fish meal quality control with ease.<h4>EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT&nbsp;</h4>More than 1700 samples of fish meal from different suppliers were analyzed with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=OMNIS+NIR">OMNIS NIR Analyzer Solid</a> (Figure 1) and a large sample cup. Every fish meal powder sample was measured in reflection measurement mode at five different positions to create an average spectrum. This minimizes sample inhomogeneities and results in a more representative NIR spectrum. Model development and validation was performed with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=OMNIS+software">OMNIS Software</a>.<h4>CONCLUSION</h4>This Application Note shows the feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy for fish meal feed analysis. The main composition parameters of protein, fat, ash, fiber, and water content are determined in seconds without the use of chemicals. NIRS helps to save costs and improve lab safety when compared to standard wet chemistry methods. By using NIRS for efficient multiparameter analysis, quality control laboratories can save hours of time per sample measurement (Table 1), resulting in much higher sample throughput.<h3>4. Shimadzu: X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Crude Drugs</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/an_01_01310_en_f21532d74d.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User benefits</h5><ul><li>Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis enables rapid, non-destructive analysis of inorganic elements in crude drugs with only simple sample preparation.&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ALTRACE+EDXRF">ALTRACE EDXRF spectrometers </a>offer sufficient analytical sensitivity for screening samples with respect to the limits specified in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia for testing heavy metals and arsenic.&nbsp;</li><li>Qualitative-quantitative analysis can easily determine the elemental composition of crude drugs, including not only heavy metals but also mineral components.</li></ul>Crude drugs are derived from natural sources, such as plants and animals. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of their elemental composition is important for ensuring their quality and safety. In particular, the content of mineral components and heavy metals in crude drugs can vary depending on the cultivation environment and processing steps. Therefore, they must be evaluated by appropriate analytical methods.&nbsp;Methods for analyzing elemental composition include colorimetric methods, such as specified in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) for testing heavy metals and arsenic. Instrumental techniques, such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are also used in some cases.&nbsp;The heavy metals test protocol in the JP adds a sodium sulfide reagent under acidic conditions and then evaluates resulting coloration as a lead (Pb)-equivalent value. That offers the advantage of being able to assessthe total amount of heavy metals with a simple process. However, it has several drawbacks, including the need for skilled operation and reagent handling, as well as limited sensitivity and reproducibility.&nbsp;In contrast, though AAS and ICP-AES, ICP-MS enable highly sensitive and highly accurate analysis, they require complete dissolution of samples in an acid, such as nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, as well as advanced expertise in chemical pretreatment. In addition, the instrument running costs and installation requirements can make their adoption difficult. Given such background circumstances, the adoption of analytical methods that enable rapid analysis with simplersample preparation are increasingly expected.&nbsp;This article describes examples of analyzing hazardous heavy metals in crude drugs using the calibration curve method and examples of qualitative-quantitative analysis using the Fundamental Parameter (FP) method, both performed with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)spectrometer.<h4>Features of EDXRF&nbsp;</h4>A major feature of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=ALTRACE+EDXRF">ALTRACE EDXRF Spectrometer</a> is that samples can be analyzed as-is or with only simple sample preparation, such as crushing. It can be used to analyze samples in various forms, including solids, powders, and liquids, and elements with a wide range of concentrations, from the ppm level to 100 %.&nbsp;Two quantitative analysis methods are available, which can be selected according to the given application. The calibration curve method requires standard samples and the FP (fundamental parameter) method does not require standard samples and derives quantitative values based on theoretical intensity calculations.&nbsp;In addition, because EDXRF spectrometry is a non-destructive analytical technique, the same sample can be subsequently reanalyzed by other analytical methods, which is also a major advantage.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>EDXRF spectrometry is an effective technique for simple, rapid, non-destructive analysis of mineral components and heavy metals in crude drugs. By using an ALTRACE EDXRF spectrometer, the burden on analysts associated with sample preparation can be reduced and large numbers of samples can be analyzed efficiently. As the quality control and monitoring of hazardous elements become increasingly important, X-ray fluorescence analysis holds considerable promise as a useful alternative technique in the field of crude drug analysis.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 43, 2026

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Determination of ions, pH, and water hardness (Watrex)

Watrex Prague offers the determination of cations and anions in water and aqueous extracts, pH determination, and water hardness calculation.

<h4>WI08106 – Determination of Anions in Water</h4><ul><li>Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate ions in aqueous samples using ion chromatography.</li><li>Price: 1,825 CZK excl. VAT</li></ul><h4>WI081107 – Determination of Cations in Water</h4><ul><li>Determination of sodium, ammonium (NH₄⁺), potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions in aqueous samples using ion chromatography.</li><li>Price: 825 CZK excl. VAT</li></ul><h4>WI081108 – Determination of pH in Aqueous Samples</h4><ul><li>Measurement of pH in aqueous samples using a combined glass electrode. Approximately 20 mL of sample required.</li><li>Price: 115 CZK excl. VAT</li></ul><blockquote>10% discount when submitting 3 or more samples at once</blockquote><h3>Services – Laboratory</h3>The Watrex Analytical Laboratory will be happy to perform any of our standard analyses, custom analyses, or assist you with method development.We specialize primarily in liquid chromatography techniques and are ready to meet a wide range of requirements—from method development and optimization, through validation and verification of external methods, to training and troubleshooting.Our laboratory also manufactures and packs its own chromatographic columns and guard columns for basic HPLC modes (reversed phase, normal phase, ion chromatography, and ion exclusion chromatography).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Analyticka_laborator_fc8862fba5.jpg" alt="Watrex: Analytical Laboratory" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Analyticka_laborator_fc8862fba5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1569" height="637">

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