<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 18th August 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies </strong>and <strong>Waters Corporation</strong> and technical notes by<strong> Shimadzu </strong>and <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Deciphering the Microbiome: Targeted LC/MS/MS Analysis of Bile Acids in Biological Samples</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_deciphering_microbiome_bile_acids_samples_5994_8263en_agilent_dc02f26cab.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>BA analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is both critical and challenging due to the inherent complexity of bile acids. These compounds encompass a wide range of structurally similar and isomeric species that often exhibit nearly identical mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) and retention times. This similarity makes achieving baseline separation and accurate identification particularly difficult.&nbsp;</p><p>Additionally, bile acids are relatively stable molecules that do not typically undergo extensive fragmentation in a mass&nbsp;spectrometer. Additionally, the more challenging fragmentation complicates the differentiation of isomeric bile acids emphasizing the need for a standardized method also leveraging retention times.&nbsp;</p><p>Compounding these issues, many of the microbiota-produced bile acid species are typically present at low concentrations in biological samples, which often contain matrix components that can lead to ion suppression or enhancement. These matrix effects can interfere with accurate quantification, further complicating the analysis. Moreover, the need for high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish closely related bile acid species adds another layer of complexity.&nbsp;</p><p>To address these challenges, standardized and highly optimized chromatographic methods, advanced mass spectrometric techniques, and robust sample preparation protocols are essential. Together, these strategies enhance the reliability of BA analysis, enabling accurate profiling for both research and clinical research applications.&nbsp;</p><p>A previously described LC/TQ method was used to analyze 26&nbsp;bile acids.1 This present study introduces a new method using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D+LC%2FTQ"><strong>6495D LC/TQ</strong></a> with fourth-generation ion funnel technology, which improves sensitivity and expands the scope for the analysis of 68 unique bile acids in complex matrix. This bile acid method is compatible and consistent with the Agilent Standardized LC/MS platform for omics analysis and is easily transferable in the laboratory and therefore suitable for rapid delivery of new insights.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The LC/MS platform consisted of a 6495D triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with fourth-generation iFunnel technology, coupled with an Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+II+Bio+LC"><strong>1290 Infinity II Bio LC</strong></a> system with the Agilent standardized configuration for omics applications. The acquisition method is fully compatible with an Agilent 6495C model and a regular stainless‑steel Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC with the same standard omics&nbsp;configuration. All methods using the Infinity II LC systems are fully compatible with Infinity III LC systems and give identical method performance.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>MS data were acquired using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+acquisition+software"><strong>MassHunter acquisition software</strong></a> 12.1, which includes built-in source and compound optimizer tools for method development. Agilent&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+Qualitative+Analysis"><strong>MassHunter Qualitative Analysis</strong></a> 12.0 software was used to visualize the acquired dataset and assess data quality before&nbsp;quantification.&nbsp;</p><p>Bile acid levels from the LC/MS/MS datasets were quantified using MassHunter Quantitative Analysis 12.0 software. Quantitation methods for both relative and absolute measurements were developed using one of the quality control (QC) injections. Statistical analysis was performed with Agilent&nbsp;Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) 15.1.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>A robust and standardized targeted dynamic-MRM LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of bile acids was developed on an Agilent 6495D triple quadrupole/LC platform. Optimal bile acid extraction conditions from plasma and fecal samples were established along with LC/MS conditions that allowed the measurement of a large panel of bile acids in a single chromatographic run. This analytical method is highly versatile and applicable to both plasma/serum and fecal samples, offering valuable insights into systemic and gut-specific bile acid profiles. In plasma, it provides a reliable means to assess circulating bile acids, which are key indicators of liver function, metabolic health, and disease states. In fecal samples, the method enables detailed profiling of bile acids involved in gut microbiota interactions and intestinal health, shedding light on digestion and enterohepatic circulation dynamics.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Enhancing Selectivity in Reversed-Phase Analysis Through Effective Utilization of Mobile Phase pH</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c190_e335_442eed699a.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>When analyzing ionizable compounds, the pH of the mobile phase plays a crucial role in improving peak shape and separation. However, conventional silica-based columns have limitations in utilizing high-pH mobile phases. Additionally, while polymer-based columns can operate across a wide pH range, they have drawbacks such as lower mechanical strength and column efficiency. In this technical report, we present examples of measurements conducted using mobile phases with various pH levels, employing the Shim-pack Scepter and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Shim-pack+NovaCore+columns"><strong>Shim-pack NovaCore columns</strong></a>—organic silica hybrid columns that combine the advantages of silica-based columns with exceptional high-pH durability.</p><h4><strong>2. The Relationship Between Compound Ionization and Mobile Phase pH</strong></h4><p>Figure 1 shows the relationship between the pKa of the compound and the pH of the mobile phase. The horizontal axis represents the value obtained by subtracting the pKa of the compound from the pH of the mobile phase. In general, the ionization ratio of weakly acidic compounds is known to become 1 % (nearly neutral) when the pH is 2 below their pKa. Conversely, when the pH is 2 above the pKa, the ionization ratio becomes 99 % (nearly ionized). On the other hand, weakly basic compounds are known to ionize 99 % (nearly ionized) when the pH is 2 below their pKa. Conversely, when the pH is 2 above the pKa, the ionization ratio becomes 1 % (nearly neutral).</p><h4><strong>3. Suppression of Ionization in Basic Compounds&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>In the case of basic compounds, the pH of the mobile phase must be high in order to suppress ionization. However, in general, traditional silica-based columns such as C18 with silica gel as the base particle may begin to disintegrate when the pH exceeds 7, so a high-pH mobile phase may not be usable. On the other hand, polymer-based particles have the advantage of being usable over a wide pH range from 1~14, but their mechanical strength and separation efficiency are lower than silica-based columns. Therefore, it is ideal to have a column that combines the advantages of silica-based and polymer-based packing material. The Shim-pack Scepter and Shim-pack NovaCore meet these needs (see Table 1).</p><h4><strong>4. Organic Silica Hybrid Columns in the Shim-pack Series&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The fully porous Shim-pack Scepter and the core-shell Shim-pack NovaCore columns use organic silica hybrid material for the base particles to maintain the high physical strength of traditional silicabased columns while significantly improving their durability under high pH conditions. Figure 2 shows the change in column performance when a high-pH mobile phase is delivered for an extended period. This confirms the high pH durability of Shim-pack Scepter and Shimpack NovaCore compared to column A, a traditional silica-based column.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Configuring a combustion-ion chromatography system using a complete workflow&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_003773_ic_ic_systems_Combustion_IC_System_environmental_tn003773_na_en_v9_358da61ec1.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Analyzing samples with complex matrices can be challenging due to the incompatibility of the sample’s physical properties with the analytical technique. For example, ionic halide content can only be measured by ion chromatography (IC) when the sample is fully dissolved in a liquid, preferably water, extracted, or washed off the surface of a solid material. Combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC) has the advantage of eliminating complex sample matrices to directly measure the total halogens and total sulfur.<sup>1-5</sup> C-IC has been demonstrated for halide determinations in other challenging liquid matrices, such as tea and wastewater.<sup>6,7</sup> In addition, adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF), in conjunction with C-IC, has been demonstrated and incorporated into U.S. EPA Method 1621 to screen for perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water samples.<sup>8-14&nbsp;</sup></p><p>A new C-IC total workflow system has been introduced: the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2150"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion Ion Chromatography System</strong></a>. It includes a standalone sample preparation module, the Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion/Absorption Module, and an autosampler that can be configured for solid or liquid samples. A standalone Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ LPG/gas Module is also an option.&nbsp;</p><p>In this technical note, we describe the configuration and operation of the Cindion C-IC system with the following configurations: Cindion combustion/absorption Module with Cindion autosampler and each of numbers 1-4 below.&nbsp;</p><ol><li>Solids sampler and with the offline Cindion adsorption module needed for U.S. EPA Method 162115&nbsp;</li><li>Solids sampler&nbsp;</li><li>Liquids sampler&nbsp;</li><li>Eluent monitor with any configuration</li></ol><h4><strong>Instruments&nbsp;</strong></h4><h5><strong>Cindion C-IC system:&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Cindion combustion/absorption module (P/N B51006425) with Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ C-IC Solids Kit (P/N B51006427)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Solids/Liquids Autosampler (P/N B51006429)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Adsorption Module (P/N B51006430) that includes 6 column holders&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1078"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Inuvion™ </strong></a>with Reagent-free Ion Chromatography (RFIC™) System (P/N 22185-60108)&nbsp;</li><li>Optional Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Inuvion™ Eluent Monitor, 4 L (P/N 22185-62708)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Muffle Furnace, 2 L small bench top, to clean combustion cups, (Thermo Scientific FB1415M, Fisher Scientific 10-552) – recommended for U.S. EPA Method 1621</li></ul><h5><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</strong></a>, version 7.3.2 MUd with Cindion C-IC and eluent monitor drivers.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This technical note provides comprehensive guidance on configuring and operating the full Cindion C-IC system workflow. The system offers a complete workflow, starting from offline sample preparation for AOX analysis, progressing through combustion and absorption, and concluding with IC analysis. It includes an autosampler for solids and liquids, along with an optional module for compressed and liquefied gases, ensuring versatility in sample handling. The Z-fold combustion tube is designed to introduce oxygen at multiple points and create an extended flow path that enhances combustion efficiency while minimizing length. To minimize devitrification, the system introduces water only during combustion. Additionally, Chromeleon CDS seamlessly controls Cindion C-IC system operation and data processing.</p><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Slalom-Aided Anion Exchange Chromatography for Enhanced Analysis of Plasmid DNA Topological Impurities</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008928_en_7fae99acf4.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Benefits&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Baseline resolution of DNA isoforms achieves complete separation of supercoiled, open circular, and linear forms of pBR322, ΦX174 RFI/RFII, and Cas9 plasmid</li><li>Dual mode retention mechanism demonstrates separation driven by both anion exchange and flowdependent slalom chromatography mechanisms</li><li>Single method offers broad applicability using a single gradient method on the Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column to analyze diverse nucleic acid structures with flow rate optimization to achieve desired selectivity through slalom effects</li></ul><p>In the present study, for the first time, the synergy between traditional AEX and slalom retention mechanisms using a Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column has been systematically investigated. More specifically, two experimental variables have been purposely manipulated to optimize the separation of 3 unique plasmids. The salt gradients (for AEX selectivity) and shear force-inducing flow rates were adjusted to optimize the slalom-based selectivity of the separations. The dual-mode AEX–slalom separation was evaluated and optimized for three biologically relevant DNA constructs: ΦX174 RF I/II (5.4 kbp), pBR322 (4.4 kbp), and a 7.0 kbp Cas9-encoding plasmid. Using defined mobile phase conditions consisting of Tris buffer with 5% urea and a precisely controlled sodium chloride (NaCl) gradient, flow-rate-dependent resolution of OC, L, and SC topological forms was observed. The resulting data elucidates key operational parameters that can be leveraged to significantly enhance resolution, method reproducibility, and scalability, ultimately achieving a powerful analytical approach tailored for emerging gene therapy applications.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>LC Conditions</strong></h5><p><strong>LC system:&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/191"><strong>ACQUITY™ Premier System</strong></a> with:</li><li>Binary Solvent Manager (BSM, p/n: 186018000)</li><li>Flow-Through Needle Sample Manager (SMFTN, p/n: 186018002)</li><li>Column Manager-A (CM-A, p/n: 186018003)&nbsp;</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This application note demonstrates the utility of Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column and strong anion-exchange chromatography for resolving the three plasmid DNA isoforms, supercoiled (SC), open circular (OC), and linear (L), across a wide range of DNA sizes, including pBR322 (4.361 kbp), ΦX174 RF I/II (5.386 kbp), and the pCMVCas9 (7.037 kbp) plasmid. Using a mobile phase system containing 5% urea and a NaCl gradient, the method achieved excellent resolution of all topological forms by tuning the flow rate applied throughout the gradient method. Notably, this strategy offers a streamlined alternative to traditional method development approaches that require manual changes in mobile phase additives or compositions. Indeed, flow rate was found to influence resolution significantly due to the difference in entropic elasticity of DNA plasmid (open-circular, supercoiled) and linear isoforms. For example, optimum flow rates were found to be equal to 0.8, 0.5, and 0.3 mL/min for the separation of pBR322, ΦX174 RFI RFII Mixture, and pCMV-Cas9 plasmids, respectively. Higher flow rates are needed to increase the retention of shorter linear DNA isoforms relative to the open circular plasmid. These results highlight the method’s adaptability and precision for analyzing plasmid topology, providing analysts with enhanced control critical for assessing identity, integrity, and purity in plasmid-based therapeutics and gene therapy workflows.</p>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 34, 2025

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 25th August 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you poster by <strong>Agilent Technologies / ASMS, </strong>brochure by<strong> Shimadzu, </strong>other document by<strong> Thermo Fisher Scientific </strong>and application note by <strong>Waters Corporation!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies / ASMS: Highly Sensitive Quantitation of N-Nitroso Timolol Impurity in Timolol API using the Agilent </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D+LC%2FTQ"><strong>6495D LC/TQ</strong></a></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ps_6495d_nitrosamines_asms_2025_mp_548_en_agilent_7c9b0b32ef.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Nitrosamines are of concern as most of them have been reported to be potent mutagens in rodents and are potential carcinogens. Therefore, it is important to control these impurities at or below the stipulated specification limits. API-derived complex nitrosamines are known as nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs). Multiple recalls of pharmaceutical drug products due to the presence of NDSRIs have drawn the attention of regulators and manufacturers. By considering the complexity of the global pharmaceutical supply chain, manufacturers must be more diligent to protect consumers by screening their APIs and drug products for the presence of NDSRIs. NDSRIs can be formed from both secondary and tertiary amines. Secondary amines can easily undergo nitrosation in the presence of trace amounts of acid. Timolol is beta-blocker class of drug used for hypertension. N-nitroso timolol is an API specific nitrosamine impurity. For most NDSRIs, analytical methods are not yet available, so manufacturers will need to develop, qualify, and validate a method that is suitable for the sample matrix and specific for the nitrosamines in question.</p><p>The analytical method developed must be sensitive enough to quantify the nitrosamines of interest down to a level that corresponds to 10% of specification limit.</p><p>In this poster we highlight a highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible method that was developed for the quantitation of N-nitroso Timolol impurity in Timolol drug substance using the 6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS (LC/TQ) coupled to the 1290 Infinity II LC.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>LC configurations and parameters:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Instrument:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D+LC%2FTQ"><strong>Agilent 6495D LC/TQ</strong></a> coupled to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+II+LC"><strong>1290 Infinity II LC</strong></a></li><li><strong>Analytical Column: </strong>Agilent Infinity Lab Poroshell PhenylHexyl, 150 × 3.0 mm, 2.7 µm, p/n, 693975-312</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>A highly sensitive and robust multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was developed utilizing the Agilent 6495D LC/TQ to quantify N-nitroso timolol impurity in timolol API. &nbsp;</p><ul><li>The chromatographic method provided desirable separation between the impurity and the API to avoid interference.&nbsp;</li><li>The developed method demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 5 to 1500 pg/mL (0.5 to 150 ppb with 100 mg/mL API load) with an R2 value greater than 0.9990&nbsp;</li><li>The LOD and LOQ values achieved were 2 and 5 pg/mL respectively for targeted NDSRI&nbsp;</li><li>The method provided recovery between 90 and 110%, which is within the acceptance criteria</li></ul><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-8065XE"><strong>LCMS-8065XE&nbsp;</strong></a></h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c146_e500_526bbea8e9.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>Shimadzu LCMS-8065XE: Next-Generation Triple-Quadrupole Performance</strong></h5><p>Shimadzu introduces the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-8065XE"><strong>LCMS-8065XE</strong></a>, a triple-quadrupole liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer designed to set new standards in sensitivity, speed, and robustness. Built on Shimadzu’s philosophy of “Contributing to Society Through Science and Technology,” the system integrates advanced hardware with Analytical Intelligence software, ensuring both expert-level optimization and user-friendly operation. This balance of evolved, efficient, and exact capabilities makes the LCMS-8065XE a powerful solution for modern laboratories.</p><h5><strong>Breakthrough Ionization and Detection Technologies</strong></h5><p>At the heart of the system are innovations such as the <strong>StreamFocus ESI probe</strong> and IonFocus technology, which enhance ion intake, reduce gas consumption, and eliminate contamination without compromising sensitivity. Combined with the refined <strong>UFsweeper IV collision cell,</strong> the instrument achieves exceptional signal transmission and robust long-term stability. Demonstrated by ultra-trace PFAS detection at parts-per-trillion levels, the LCMS-8065XE ensures reliable results even under continuous high-throughput conditions.</p><h5><strong>Ultra-Fast Mass Spectrometry with UF Technologies</strong></h5><p>Shimadzu’s proprietary UF technologies—including UF-Qarray II, UF-Lens II, and UF-MRM—deliver unmatched speed and sensitivity. Capable of 5 msec polarity switching, up to 555 MRM channels per second, and scanning at 30,000 u/sec, the system supports complex multi-component analyses with precision. Intelligent maintenance features, such as quick desolvation line replacement without breaking vacuum, further minimize downtime and maximize laboratory productivity.</p><h5><strong>Smart Software, Sustainability, and Seamless Integration</strong></h5><p>The LCMS-8065XE is complemented by Peakintelligence AI algorithms, LabSolutions Connect MRM, and LabSolutions Insight, enabling automated tuning, optimized methods, and reliable peak integration with reduced manual review time. Sustainability is also central: ecology mode reduces power consumption by up to 31%, while integration with Shimadzu’s Nexera UHPLC system improves throughput and reduces resource use. Features like FlowPilot smart flow control and automatic bubble detection ensure uninterrupted performance, extending system and column lifetimes while cutting operational costs.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Accucore columns Resolve all your impurities without feeling the pressure</strong></h3><ul><li>Other document</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/fl_002099_ccs_lc_columns_accucore_C18_HILIC_phenyl_fl002099_na_en_db7abbabd7.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=48&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=accucore"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ columns</strong> </a>bring UHPLC-level performance to both HPLC and UHPLC systems, even when pressure capabilities are limited. With <strong>14 distinct chemistries</strong>, they provide an extensive toolbox for successful method development and robust method transfer. Built on decades of innovation in stationary phase design, Accucore columns ensure reliable performance across diverse analytical challenges.</p><h5><strong>Comprehensive Chemistry Portfolio for Any Separation Need</strong></h5><p>The Accucore family includes multiple column chemistries tailored to different selectivity requirements. <strong>Hydrophobic options like </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/427"><strong>C18</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/428"><strong>C8</strong></a><strong>, and </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1990"><strong>C4</strong></a><strong> </strong>deliver classic reversed-phase separations, while <strong>polar-modified C18</strong> (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/430"><strong>Polar Premium</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/429"><strong>aQ</strong></a>) enhances retention of acidic and basic compounds. <strong>Phenyl-based phases</strong> such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/424"><strong>Biphenyl</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/431"><strong>Phenyl-Hexyl</strong></a><strong>, and </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1985"><strong>PFP</strong></a> provide orthogonal selectivity for aromatic and polar analytes, and <strong>specialty hydrophobic columns (</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/426"><strong>RP-MS</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1988"><strong>C30</strong></a>) expand capabilities for structural isomer separation. For highly polar compounds, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1987"><strong>HILIC</strong></a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1989"><strong>Amide-HILIC</strong></a> chemistries enable reliable retention and resolution.</p><h5><strong>Optimized for Speed, Sensitivity, and Versatility</strong></h5><p>Engineered with advanced particle design, Accucore columns offer rapid separations with high resolution and reproducibility. Their versatility makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, from pharmaceutical impurity profiling to food and environmental analysis. By offering both routine and specialty phases, the columns allow analysts to fine-tune selectivity and maximize productivity without compromising robustness.</p><h5><strong>Trusted Innovation and Seamless Integration</strong></h5><p>As part of Thermo Fisher Scientific’s portfolio, Accucore columns are backed by extensive expertise in HPLC method development and transfer. Their design supports high-throughput workflows, smooth integration into existing systems, and consistent results across laboratories. Whether the need is for routine testing or complex separations, Accucore columns deliver dependable performance with the flexibility to resolve impurities efficiently and confidently.</p><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Temperature Control Using Waters LC Purification Systems with Timberline's Column and Mobile Phase Heaters: Optimizing Preparative Performance&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008874_en_6514d1a04e.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Benefits&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Minimizing method redevelopment at the prep scale improves process efficiency and reproducibility, ensuring predictable and reliable outcomes for isolating small and large molecules, such as oligonucleotides and peptides.&nbsp;</li><li>Elevated temperature reduces system backpressure and enables one to consider using of sub-5 µm <strong>Waters™ preparative Optimum Bed Density (OBD™) columns </strong>to increase productivity through faster separations, increased loading capacity, lower solvent consumption, shorter fraction dry-down times, and reduced waste disposal costs.&nbsp;</li><li>Enabling the substitution of acetonitrile with methanol provides a more environmentally sustainable and economically efficient purification process.</li></ul><p>Although temperature control is widely implemented in analytical HPLC to improve separations and ensure consistent and reliable outcomes, temperature is seldom controlled or used as a parameter for manipulating chromatography at the preparative scale for two reasons. First, high flow rate separations occur at the temperature of the incoming solvent and efficient heating of the mobile phase entering the column is challenging at these high flow rates. Second, large diameter columns cannot be effectively heated from the outside simply by using insulation, heated blankets or ovens. Ideally, analytical separations developed with temperature control should be scaled to prep at the same temperature to eliminate variability in the chromatography which can make the target identification and isolation ambiguous or lead to product loss.&nbsp;</p><p>When used with the Waters AutoPurification System, Timberline’s column and mobile phase heaters provide precise and consistent temperature control for preparative separations, allowing easier scale-up from UPLC/UHPLC to preparative methods. This integrated approach minimizes the need for method redevelopment, improves reproducibility, enhances hydrophobic compound solubility and boosts operational efficiency, which is particularly valuable in small molecule isolations and biological applications such as oligonucleotide and peptide purification. Temperature control also enhances flexibility in purification workflows, supporting green chemistry initiatives by enabling the substitution of acetonitrile with methanol. Elevated temperature reduces system backpressure, allowing the usage of sub-5 µm particles in larger-dimension preparative columns (e.g., 10 mm ID), which may increase loading capacity, minimize run-times, reduce solvent consumption, shorten dry-down times and lower waste disposal costs. This technical brief illustrates that comparable purification results can be achieved using methanol with sub-5 µm 10 mm ID columns, an approach that is both environmentally sustainable and economically viable. It also illustrates the precision and stability of temperature control across various flow rates and mobile phase compositions, showcasing the reliability of this solution.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=Timberline%E2%80%99s+TL-105+D+column"><strong>Timberline’s TL-105 D column</strong></a> oven configured with the Waters AutoPurification System provides precise and consistent temperature control when scaling from analytical to preparative methods. This significantly reduces the need for method redevelopment at the prep scale, enhances chromatographic efficiency and reproducibility and delivers predictable and reliable outcomes for various applications including small and large molecules such as oligonucleotides and peptides isolations.</p><p>This combined solution supports the growing demand for green chemistry by enabling the substitution of acetonitrile with methanol. Enhanced temperature control also lowers system backpressure, allowing the use of smaller particle size, larger dimension Waters preparative OBD columns. This results in faster separations, increased loading capacity, reduced solvent consumption, shorter fraction dry-down times, and lower waste disposal costs. These benefits contribute to a more environmentally sustainable and economically efficient purification process.</p>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 35, 2025

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 8th September 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies</strong> and<strong> Shimadzu </strong>and<strong> </strong>posters by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium </strong>and <strong>Waters Corporation!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Automated Solid Phase Extraction of PFAS from Aqueous Samples</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_1633_automated_spe_wax_carbon_s_5994_8289en_agilent_1fc425207e.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>In this study, three types of dual-phase SPE cartridges were evaluated based on the quality control requirements for aqueous matrices as specified in US EPA Method 1633 using automated SPE. The cartridges contained PFAS WAX and Carbon S for PFAS. In the first configuration, a 200 mg bed of PFAS WAX was layered on top of a 50&nbsp;mg bed of Carbon S with the sorbents separated by a frit. In the second configuration, 200 mg of PFAS WAX was mixed with 50 mg of Carbon S before cartridge packing. In the third configuration, 200 mg of PFAS WAX and 10&nbsp;mg of Carbon S were mixed before cartridge packing. All three configurations were evaluated under identical protocols using automated SPE and were compared to results obtained using the manual addition of carbon and separate WAX extraction. The blended sorbent containing 200 mg of PFAS WAX and 10 mg of Carbon S was selected for validation and further evaluation of several environmental matrices including groundwater from residential private wells, effluent from a wastewater storage lagoon, and a landfill monitoring&nbsp;well.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Equipment and materials</strong></h5><p>The three Agilent dual-phase cartridges used in the study are listed in Table 1. As a performance benchmark, a single‑phase <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?search=Bond+Elut+PFAS+WAX"><strong>Bond Elut PFAS WAX sorbent</strong></a> cartridge (Agilent, part number 5610‑2151) was used with either Carbon S bulk (Agilent, part number 5610-2095) or Superclean ENVI-Carb (Millipore Sigma, part number 57210-U).</p><p>Samples were extracted using the PromoChrom eight‑channel automated SPE extractors with upside‑down shaker racks (part number SPE-03 with MOD004), anticlogging frits (part&nbsp;number CF-06), high-capacity inline filters (part&nbsp;number&nbsp;F-HC-30), and anticlogging tips (part&nbsp;number F-T-4). Sample analysis was performed using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?search=1290+Infinity+II+LC"><strong>Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC</strong></a> system consisting of an Agilent 1290 Infinity&nbsp;II high-speed pump (G7120A), an Agilent 1290 Infinity II multisampler (G7167B), and an Agilent 1290 Infinity II multicolumn thermostat (G7116B). The LC system was modified for PFAS analysis using the Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?search=InfinityLab+PFC%E2%80%91free+HPLC+conversion+kit"><strong>InfinityLab PFC‑free HPLC conversion kit </strong></a>(part number 5004-0006). The LC system was coupled to an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?search=6495C"><strong>Agilent 6495C triple quadrupole LC/MS</strong></a> equipped with an Agilent Jet Stream technology ion source. Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?search=MassHunter+Workstation"><strong>MassHunter Workstation software</strong></a> was used for data acquisition (version 10.1) and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?search=Quantitative+Analysis+"><strong>Quantitative Analysis </strong></a>for QQQ (version 12.1) was used for data analysis. Instrumental conditions were determined based on detailed multiparametric optimization experiments developed in‑house.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The adoption of automated solid phase extraction (SPE) for PFAS analysis in environmental matrices significantly enhances laboratory efficiency and reduces the potential for human error. Our evaluation of five extraction protocols revealed that the blended sorbent containing 200 mg of PFAS WAX and 10 mg of Carbon S provided the best performance in terms of recovery, matrix interference reduction, and fewer outliers. This configuration was successfully applied to various environmental samples, demonstrating its versatility and reliability. The findings support the use of automated SPE with optimized sorbent cartridges as a robust method for PFAS analysis, aligning with the quality control metrics of US EPA Method 1633. Future work should focus on further refining automated SPE techniques and exploring their application to other environmental matrices.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Automated Preparation of Calibration Curves Using the Autosampler's Dilution Function</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00914_en_089a8c34fa.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>User Benefits</strong></h5><ul><li>The auto-dilution function equipped in the autosampler eliminates the need for manual dilution during calibration curve creation and sample preparation.</li><li>Samples can be automatically diluted to create a calibration curve by specifying the desired dilution factor in the batch table.</li><li>Because the same method file can be used across different dilution factors, only minor adjustments are needed when changing dilution conditions.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>In LC quantification, the dilution ofstandard and sample solutions is typically performed manually using pipettes, which is a laborintensive and time-consuming process. Recent advancements have called for automation to reduce labor and improve efficiency. By automating the dilution process, workflows can be streamlined, leading to increased productivity. The Nexera series autosamplers are equipped with an automatic pretreatment function that enables automated dilution. Using the auto-dilution function, samples can be automatically prepared at any desired dilution factor and directly introduced into the analytical column. This article presents a method to automate the creation of calibration curves and subsequent quantification workflows using the autosampler’s auto-dilution function.</p><h4><strong>Automated Dilution Analysis of Organic Acid Standard Solution</strong></h4><p>Automated dilution analysis was conducted using a 1000 mg/L mixed standard solution of ten organic acids. The analytical conditions are shown in Table 2 (pretreatment program : Table 1). 1.0 mL polypropylene vials were used as mixing vials, and septum-sealed vials were used for the undiluted standard solution. Rinse solution (ultrapure water) was used as the diluent. Fig. 3 shows the chromatogram of the 100-fold diluted organic acid mixed standard solution (concentration after auto-dilution : 10 mg/L for each organic acid). The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexera+Organic+Acid+Analysis+System"><strong>Nexera Organic Acid Analysis System</strong></a> (pH-buffered electric conductivity detection) was employed for this analysis.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>By utilizing the auto-dilution function in the autosampler, the standard undiluted solution for calibration curve creation can be automatically diluted at any desired dilution ratio. This eliminates the need for manual sample dilution and streamlines the calibration curve creation workflow. Additionally, since the autodilution function can also be applied to sample solutions, only the preparation of undiluted standard and sample solutions is required, allowing for a fully automated process from calibration curve creation to quantitation. As a result, the reduction in pretreatment work contributes to improved work efficiency and productivity.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium: Wide-ranging polynucleotide separation capabilities using Reversed Phase particles with variable pore geometry</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_wide_ranging_polynucleotide_separation_capabilities_po_en_1fdaba9e08.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Polynucleotides such as DNA and RNA serve many uses in the areas of basic research, industrial manufacturing, therapeutics to up/down regulate cellular functions, and as therapeutic and vaccine intermediates (i.e., as an instructional template to produce proteins that 1) supplement/replace ineffective proteins or 2) function as antigens). CRISPR technology using guide RNA (gRNA, ~100mer) to directly modify cellular chromosomes was recently leveraged to create a customized treatment within 6-months for an infant with CPS1 deficiency1. This approach has provided long-term, life-saving enzyme production negating the need for daily treatments. Associated DNA and RNA such as gRNA and mRNA (1000+mer) require detailed characterization to ensure safety and efficacy (e.g., of sufficient quantity and fidelity in delivery vehicles such as lipid nanoparticles). Here, we present a RP particle with complex pore geometry and the effects of mobile phase and temperature for separating DNA/RNA with therapeutic benefits (siRNA-gRNA-mRNA:~ 20-100- 1000+mer). Semi-prep column separations, common for sample recovery for subsequent analyses or sample enrichment for in vitro or in vivo use, is also shown.</p><h4><strong>Materials and methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>Test method(s)&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=DNAPac+RP+column"><strong>DNAPac RP columns</strong></a> packed with 4 µm DNAPac RP media include 2.1 × 50 mm (P/N 088924), 2.1 × 50 mm (P/N 088924), and 21.2 × 150 mm (P/N 080922- 1521232). For instruments, mobile phases, gradient conditions, and other chromatographic operating parameters (flow rate, temperature, injection volume, etc.), please reference the figures and associated text. For all analyses, samples were detected by UV absorbance at 260nm. For 21.2x150mm semi-prep separations, a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=40&amp;manufacturerItems=3"><strong>conventional (U)HPLC chromatography system</strong></a> with a binary pump, autosampler and detector without column compartment (ambient temperature separations) was used for all analyses. Ion Pairing Agents (Cation Anion): TEAA – Triethylamine Acetate, HAA – Hexylamine Acetate, HFIP – Hexafluoroisopropanol.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Data analysis&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Thermo Scientific Chromeleon </strong></a>7.2.10 or 7.3 Chromatography Data Systems (CDS) software was used for data acquisition and analysis.</p><h4><strong>Results&nbsp;</strong></h4><h5><strong>DNAPac RP particle characterization – chemistry and pore structure&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>Figure 1 summarizes the chemical and physical properties of the resin, which is based on polymeric divinylbenzene (top left). Unlike conventional silica particles, the polymeric resin is not susceptible to hydrolytic degradation at neither extreme pH (1-14) nor high temperature (90+oC). The aromatic groups also provide π- π bonding with aromatic nucleotides giving different selectivity from conventional alkyl phases incapable of such interactions. The SEM image visually shows the highly variated porous structure of the particles. Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) N2 adsorption analysis details the surface area contributions of the different pore sizes. From this analysis it is clear that a continuum of pores from 50Å to 2500Å (suitable for small molecules up to macromolecule adsorption, respectively) contributes to the overall surface area of the particle. Based on the complex geometry and resulting pore structure, we commonly refer to the media as a supermacroporous (SMP) particle.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>High resolution separation of nucleic acids varying in length from 10 to 10,000 nucleotides is achieved using an SMP particle with a variable pore structure.</li><li>Polymeric SMP particles are compatible with different mobile phase IP compositions, high pH and high separation temperature, which are critical parameters for optimizing the separation of polynucleotides&nbsp;</li><li>SMP particles provide high resolution separations in both analytical and semi-prep formats</li></ul><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation / ASMS: Detection and Characterization of PFAS Molecules Using Inclusion and Exclusion Features of Data Directed Analysis (DDA)</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008869_fb6d27e0a0.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are bioaccumulative and suspected to contribute to increased cancer risk in humans. Monitoring PFAS in biofluids is possible, but their very low concentrations present analytical challenges.</p><p>Data-Directed Acquisition (DDA) isolates ions that meet defined criteria, fragments them at elevated collision energies, and generates product ion spectra. Because PFAS ions show a characteristic <strong>mass defect</strong> due to fluorine atoms, inclusion lists can enhance their detection. Conversely, exclusion lists derived from background matrix analyses help remove interferences, simplifying ion selection for fragmentation.</p><p>Preliminary tests with mixed small-molecule samples demonstrated the utility of these lists before applying them to PFAS, where inclusion lists contained hundreds of entries and exclusion lists thousands.</p><h4><strong>Methods</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Instrument:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/202"><strong>SELECT SERIES™ Cyclic™ Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer</strong></a></li><li><strong>Acquisition:</strong> ToF-ESI negative DDA mode, 100 ms survey/MSMS scan times, collision energy ramps optimized by PFAS class</li><li><strong>LC System:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/191"><strong>ACQUITY Premier </strong></a>with PFAS Kit and Atlantis Premier BEH C18 AX Isolator Column (2.1 × 50 mm, 5 µm)</li><li><strong>Analytical Column:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1952"><strong>ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18</strong></a> (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) at 35 °C</li><li><strong>Flow Rate:</strong> 0.3 mL/min; <strong>Injection Volume:</strong> 5 µL; <strong>Autosampler Temp:</strong> 6 °C</li><li><strong>Mobile Phases:</strong><ul><li>A: H₂O:MeOH (95:5) with 2 mM ammonium acetate</li><li>B: MeOH with 2 mM ammonium acetate</li></ul></li><li><strong>Samples:</strong> LCMS QC mixture, native PFAS mixture (PFAC30PAR, Wellington Labs), and human serum</li><li><strong>Software:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/635"><strong>MassLynx™ 4.2 for acquisition</strong></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1544"><strong>waters_connect™ with PFAS library</strong></a> (130 entries) for processing, Tibco Spotfire® for visualization</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><ul><li>ToF-DDA mode on a cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometer is effective for PFAS analysis.</li><li>Inclusion lists based on PFAS mass defect improve real-time detection and intelligent switching.</li><li>Background-derived exclusion lists (up to 9000 entries) further reduce interferences and enhance specificity.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 37, 2025

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 15th September 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu </strong>and <strong>Waters Corporation </strong>and<strong> </strong>poster by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: A Direct Aqueous Injection Method for Contaminants in Drinking and Nonpotable Water</strong></h3><p><strong>Analysis of acrylamide, haloacetic acids, and β-estradiol in water with an Agilent 6495D LC/TQ</strong></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_aquesous_injection_method_water_6495d_lc_tq_5994_7973en_agilent_1_24e3a63a15.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Recent regulations, such as EU 2020/218, have included the addition of new emerging contaminants in drinking water and raw waters, which supply water-treatment works. Some of these new contaminants to be analyzed include acrylamide, HAAs, and β-estradiol. However, acrylamide and HAAs can be difficult to analyze due to their high polarity and high interferences from hard water samples. Additionally, β-estradiol requires a very low level of detection (1 ng/L) compared to the other compounds (acrylamide 0.1 µg/L and HAAs 60&nbsp;µg/L). The analysis uses a&nbsp;1290 Infinity II LC coupled to a&nbsp;6495D LC/TQ for analysis of water samples.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>Chromatographic separation was performed using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=InfinityLab+Poroshell+120+Aq-C18"><strong>Agilent&nbsp;InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Aq-C18</strong></a>, 3.0 × 150&nbsp;mm, 2.7&nbsp;µm (part&nbsp;number 693675-742) installed on the&nbsp;1290&nbsp;Infinity II LC system. The individual modules of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+II+LC"><strong>1290 Infinity II LC system</strong></a>&nbsp;included:</p><ul><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity II high‑speed pump (G7120A)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity II autosampler (G7167B)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity II multicolumn thermostat (G7116B)&nbsp;</li></ul><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495+LC%2FTQ"><strong>6495 LC/TQ</strong></a> with an Agilent&nbsp;Jet Stream (AJS) electrospray ion source was operated in dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) mode. This mode allows more MRM transitions if future development is required for additional compounds. The LC/TQ autotune was performed in both unit and wide modes. All data acquisition and processing were performed using Agilent&nbsp;MassHunter software (version&nbsp;12).</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This application note describes a highly sensitive and reproducible method for the fast and reliable quantitation of the listed compounds in water by direct injection. The dMRM method was created and optimized using Agilent MassHunter software and allows the addition of more MRM transitions if future development is required for additional compounds. An Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC coupled to an Agilent 6495D LC/TQ was used for the analysis. The 12-minute LC gradient method using an Agilent Aq-C18 column offered good chromatographic separation and RT distribution of all targets. The LC/TQ data acquisition was in dMRM mode with fast polarity switching for the most efficient use of instrument cycle time. The method performance was verified based on requirements for calibration curve linearity, instrument LOD, recovery, and precision. The results demonstrate the ability of the quantitative analytical method for emerging contaminants in water by direct injection.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Short-Chain Oligonucleotide Analysis Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ap_aplnote100_en_23b7bffc7e.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Oligonucleotide therapeutics are drugs in which oligonucleotide is the active ingredient. Oligonucleotide therapeutics are manufactured through chemical synthesis, but impurities are produced during the process, so measurement and characterization of the impurities are required. Currently, reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography is often used for this analysis, but it is difficult to separate some impurities that are structurally similar to the target product. Therefore, a separation method with selectivity different from existing methods is required.&nbsp;</p><p>SFC is an analytical method that employs carbon dioxide as the mobile phase at temperatures and pressures above the respective critical points. Compared to liquids, carbon dioxide is reported to have high resolution and special selectivity as a component of SFC mobile phase because of its low viscosity and high diffusivity.&nbsp;</p><p>On the other hand, since the mobile phase containing carbon dioxide has low polarity, SFC was considered unsuitable for the analysis of highly polar compounds. However, in recent years, the composition of the modifier mixed with carbon dioxide and the choice of stationary phase have made it possible to analyze highly polar compounds,such as peptides and nucleotides2).&nbsp;</p><p>In this study, we evaluated the applicability of SFC to oligonucleotide analysis. Single-strand oligonucleotides of around 20-mer are often used as oligonucleotide therapeutics, but due to the extremely high polarity of the molecules and the difficulty of analysis, we first used 4-mer oligonucleotides for evaluation and investigated their basic retention behaviors.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>System:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-9030"><strong>LCMS-9030</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>To evaluate the applicability of SFC for oligonucleotide analysis, we developed a separation method using 4-mer oligonucleotides with varying PS contents as model compounds and investigated their basic retention characteristics. First, we identified conditions that allowed oligonucleotides to elute, finding that a methanol-water mixture containing 50 mmol/L ammonium formate enabled elution and peak detection. Using these conditions, we analyzed T4 with varying PS contents on 12 columns, finding good separation with the Diol II column. To apply this method to more polar sequences, we re-evaluated modifier conditions and found that adding aminoethanol improved peak shape. Applying the optimized method to 14 oligonucleotide sequences showed that sequences with two or fewer G or C bases were suitable for this method. Additionally, higher-polarity sequences showed stronger retention, while oligonucleotides with varying PS contents showed weaker retention with higher polarity, indicating unique retention behavior for PS modifications. The high selectivity for sequences with different PS contents suggests that SFC can be applied to separating impurities with a PS linkage replaced by a PO linkage that can be included in PS-modified oligonucleotides in the synthesis process.&nbsp;</p><p>In the future study, the applicability of SFC to longer oligonucleotidesthan 4-mer will be evaluated.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium: Sensitive LC-MS method for the quantitative analysis of semaglutide and liraglutide in human plasma</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_sensitive_lc_ms_method_quantitative_analysis_semaglutide_po_en_592e7dcc4a.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>GLP-1 analogs have emerged as pivotal therapeutic agents in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. These analogs mimic the physiological actions of endogenous GLP-1, including enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, delaying gastric emptying, and promoting satiety. Given their significant clinical utilities, accurate detection and quantification of GLP-1 analogs in human plasma are essential for pharmacokinetic studies, therapeutic monitoring, and ensuring patient safety. This study aims to develop a sensitive LC-MS method for the detection and quantitation of semaglutide and liraglutide in human plasma.</p><h4><strong>Materials and methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>Mass Spectrometry</strong></h5><p><span>&nbsp;</span>See Table 2 for detailed MS source and scan settings for the analysis GLP-1 analogs on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/404"><strong>TSQ Altis Plus MS</strong></a>.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Data Analysis&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/74"><strong>Thermo Scientific Enterprise </strong></a>compliance ready Chromeleon CDS 7.3.2 software was used for all instrument control, data acquisition, processing, and reporting.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>We demonstrated a comprehensive LCMS solution for highly sensitive quantitation of GLP-1 analogs in human plasma using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/744"><strong>Vanquish UHPLC</strong></a> coupled to TSQ Altis Plus MS. The solution enables:&nbsp;</p><ul><li>Robust quantitation of semaglutide and liraglutide with a LOQ of 0.1 ng/mL&nbsp;</li><li>Excellent precision and accuracy across 3 orders of LDR for the analysis of GLP-1 analogs&nbsp;</li><li>Minimal carryover observied with post-injection signals remaining below 10% of the LOQ for semaglutide and below 14% for liraglutide following the highest concentration injection (100 ng/mL)</li></ul><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Method Migration of a Reversed Phase TFAAcetonitrile Gradient Method From a Binary to a Quaternary System: Impact of Mixing</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008689_en_51b4c42ae8.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Solvent mixing is critical to obtaining optimal gradient LC separations. The most commonly available pump mixing designs for reversed phase gradient HPLC separations are high pressure (typically binary) and low pressure (quaternary) systems. High pressure systems use independent pumps to deliver different solvents. Mixing occurs at high pressures with solvent composition controlled by the flow rates of the pump heads. In low pressure systems, solvent composition is controlled by a gradient proportioning valve. Each solvent is delivered in packets (based on the gradient specified in the method) which are mixed as they go through the pump head. High pressure systems have reduced dwell volumes and generally have improved compositional accuracy (leading to better retention time precision) over low pressure systems. Both high- and low-pressure systems are subject to mobile phase composition fluctuations. Mixers of various volumes and designs are utilized to help minimize these composition fluctuations by reducing baseline noise and oscillations in mobile phase composition.&nbsp;</p><p>The use of certain mobile phase modifiers is known to impact chromatographic baselines. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a commonly used ion-pairing reagent used in combination with acetonitrile for many gradient reversed phase applications. TFA absorbs strongly at wavelengths below 250 nm. Additionally, TFA is slightly retained on reversed phase columns which results in fluctuations in TFA concentration as the acetonitrile gradient passes through the column. In combination, these factors result in significant baseline disturbances (ripples) when TFAacetonitrile gradients are used at low wavelengths. These baseline ripples may make peak integration difficult and can impact the sensitivity along with peak area precision and retention time precision of the method.&nbsp;</p><p>Most modern HPLC systems typically include a standard mixer in the pump design. Additionally, different mixers may be available to improve mixing performance for specific applications. The effect that mixers have on chromatographic performance was demonstrated during the migration of a reversed phase TFA-acetonitrile gradient method from a binary system to the quaternary Alliance iS HPLC System.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>LC systems: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/717"><strong>Alliance iS HPLC System</strong></a> Comparable Binary HPLC system (System X)&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Detection: </strong>UV Detector with 10 mm HPLC flow cell</li><li><strong>Column: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1823"><strong>XBridge™ C18 Column</strong></a>, 5 µm 4.6 x 250 mm (p/n: 186003117)</li></ul><h5><strong>Data Management&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chromatography data system: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/627"><strong>Empower™ 3.8.0.1</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The differences in mixing performance between binary and quaternary HPLC Systems may impact method migration. Mixing performance is particularly important when migrating gradient TFA-acetonitrile methods at low wavelengths, as these methods are known to produce significant baseline noise (ripple). In this study, effect of mixers on chromatographic performance was demonstrated through the migration of the USP Tryptophan Organic Impurities method from a binary system to the quaternary Alliance iS HPLC System. The results show that the characteristic baseline ripple associated with TFA-Acetonitrile gradients at low wavelengths is impacted by the choice of mixer. The Alliance iS HPLC System with the 690 µL Ti diffusion bonded mixer displayed a significant reduction of baseline noise when compared against both the binary and quaternary systems equipped with their respective standard mixers. This resulted in easier peak integration, improved peak area and retention time reproducibility, and increased method sensitivity.</p>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 38, 2025

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 22nd September 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu </strong>and <strong>Waters Corporation </strong>and<strong> </strong>poster by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Quantitation of N-Nitroso Nebivolol in Nebivolol Tablet Formulation</strong></h3><p><strong>Using an </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D+triple+quadrupole"><strong>Agilent 6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS system</strong></a></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_nebivolol_tablet_formulation_6495_qqq_lc_ms_system_5994_8053en_agilent_e7f21eb12f.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>N-Nitroso Nebivolol is a NDSRI of Nebivolol, a beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. In the carcinogenic potency categorization published by the FDA, N-Nitroso Nebivolol has been categorized as Class 4, indicating the maximum allowable intake limit for the impurity to be 1,500 ng/day. Nebivolol has maximum daily dosage limit of 40&nbsp;mg for adults.</p><p>Considering a maximum daily dose of 40&nbsp;mg and allowable intake of 1,500&nbsp;ng/day for the nitrosamine impurity in the formulation under study, the specification limit of N-Nitroso Nebivolol has been calculated as 22.5 ng/mL for the 0.6 mg/mL test concentration used during this study.&nbsp;</p><p>This application note demonstrates a highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible method for the quantitation of N-Nitroso Nebivolol in a 20 mg Nebivolol tablet formulation. The method uses a 1290 Infinity II LC coupled to a 6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS/MS. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions and ion source parameters were automatically optimized using the optimizer tool available with MassHunter Acquisition software to maximize the sensitivity of the target analyte. The API peaks were diverted to waste with the help of an integrated, software-controlled diverter valve during quantitation of the&nbsp;impurity.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Equipment&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The analysis was performed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+II+LC"><strong>1290 Infinity II LC system</strong></a> coupled to a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D+triple+quadrupole"><strong>6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS/ MS</strong></a>. The LC system was equipped with the following&nbsp;modules: – Agilent 1290 Infinity II high-speed pump (G7120A) – Agilent 1290 Infinity II multisampler (G7167B) – Agilent 1290 Infinity II multicolumn thermostat (G7116B) – Agilent 1290 Infinity II diode array detector (G7117A)</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>A highly sensitive and robust MRM method was developed for the quantitation of N-Nitroso Nebivolol in 20&nbsp;mg Nebivolol tablet formulation using an Agilent 6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS system. The chromatographic method developed provided good separation between the analyte and the API. The method showed LOD and LOQ of 2 and 5 pg/mL, respectively. The minimum signal-to-noise ratio at the LOQ level was found to be more than 50:1 (Peak to Peak). The calibration curve from 5 pg/mL to 50&nbsp;ng/mL was found to be linear, with 1/x weighting. R and R2 values were 0.999 and 0.997, respectively. Spike recovery analysis showed the efficiency of sample extraction with a recovery percentage of 116.8% in API, 108.3% in placebo, and 111.8% in tablet formulation at the spiking level of 200 pg/mL. The method was found to be highly reproducible at the LOQ level, while the %RSD value for the area response of seven replicate injections was approximately 3.1%.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Efficient Method Development for Synthetic Peptide and Related Impurities</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00780_en_4d0aa014ea.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>User Benefits</strong></h5><ul><li>LabSolutions MD improves the efficiency of the entire workflow for method development of synthetic peptide and impurities.&nbsp;</li><li>Screening for multiple mobile phases and columns can be automated using mobile phase and column switching valves.&nbsp;</li><li>Molecular weights of peptides and related impurities can be estimated and accurately tracked with LCMS-2050, a single quadrupole mass spectrometer.</li></ul><p>Peptide therapeutics, characterized by specific amino acid sequences crucial to their function, can be synthesized chemically, similar to small molecule drugs. The production of synthetic peptides involves multiple steps, including deprotection, activation, coupling, and the cleavage of the final sequence from the solid support. Impurities, such as those resulting from premature chain termination or missing amino acids, can affect the safety and efficacy of the final product. Therefore, these impurities must be separated by liquid chromatography (LC). In LC analysis, selecting the appropriate mobile phase and column across a wide range of combinations is critical for achieving optimal separation, as it significantly impacts the separation. However, since the separation pattern varies depending on the peptide chain lengths, amino acid compositions, and presence of modifications, optimizing separation for each peptide sequence is time-intensive. This study describes how to efficiently find the best separation conditions for peptides and related impurities utilizing LabSolutions MD, a dedicated software for supporting method development, through both screening and optimization phases.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>LC System: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexera+X3"><strong>Nexera X3</strong></a> (Method Scouting System)</li><li><strong>MS System: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-2050"><strong>LCMS-2050</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Automated Peak Tracking by LCMS-2050&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>LC chromatograms obtained with a gradient time of 5 min, flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, and initial concentration of 5 % and 15 %, along with molecular weights for FLP and impurities, are shown in Fig. 18. The UV spectra for each impurity are displayed in Fig. 19. The similarity between UV spectra of Met(O2), p.A1del, p.A1_E2del, p.A1_K3del, and p.A1_D5del is greater than 0.99, suggesting that peak tracking based on UV spectra would be challenging. In contrast, LabSolutions MD enables peak tracking based on molecular weights acquired by LCMS-2050, facilitating accurate identification of compounds with similar UV spectra (Fig. 18). The estimated molecular weights for each compound show small mass errors compared to the theoretical values (Table 3), which can be used to confirm the molecular weights of known compounds as well as to approximate the molecular weights of unknown impurities.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>The separation patterns of synthetic peptides vary depending on mobile phase composition, column type, and various LC parameters, such as gradient conditions, column oven temperature, and flow rate. Separation behavior can also differ based on peptide structure, including length, amino acid composition, and the presence of modifications. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the separation for each peptide sequence individually. However, optimizing analytical conditions through numerous analyses and data processing can be time-consuming. LabSolutions MD automates the entire workflow, including generating analysis schedules, preparing mobile phases, and processing the data, thanks to functionalities such as automated peak tracking, ranking of chromatograms, and design space visualization. This article introduced a case where the optimal separation conditions for synthetic peptides were efficiently identified through screening and optimization phases. LabSolutions MD also offers fully automated gradient optimization by AI algorithm to meet user-defined criteria. For more details, please refer to the application news, “Automatic Optimization of Gradient Conditions by AI Algorithm on Synthetic Peptide and Impurities: 01-00814”.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium: Sensitive cationic lipids impurities analysis with quantitation by charged aerosol detection and simultaneous mass confirmation by MS</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_sensitive_cationic_lipids_impurities_analysis_quantitation_po_en_3dacf61554.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Cationic lipid is a critical component in lipid nanoparticle formulations for delivering nucleic acids such as mRNA, siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides etc. [2] Cationic lipids are amphiphilic molecules that possess a hydrophilic region, a hydrophobic region, and a linker structure connecting the two. [1] Charged aerosol detector (CAD) and evaporative light scattering detectors (ELSD) are preferred for characterizing lipid nanoparticle components, with CAD being the better choice for impurity quantification due to its higher sensitivity [3]. In a previous study, an inverse gradient method was developed to quantify impurities in cationic lipids raw materials.[1] To demonstrate the inverse gradient method on CAD HP, the same cationic lipids -- R-DOTAP, DLin-KC2- DMA and ALC-0315 -- were measured to this experiment as in Application note 003384 [1]. New diverter valve and software features were showcased, along with method’s sensitivity and repeatability.</p><h4><strong>Materials and methods</strong></h4><p>Using the inverse gradient method from Application note 003384 [1], to demonstrate impurity analysis in cationic lipids on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2176"><strong>Thermo Scientific Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detector HP (CAD HP)</strong></a> integrated in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/743"><strong>Thermo Scientific Vanquish Flex Inverse Gradient UHPLC System</strong></a>, with parallel mass confirmation by the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/413"><strong>Thermo Scientific ISQ EM Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer</strong></a>.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The workflow uses a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/743"><strong>Vanquish Flex Inverse Gradient LC system</strong></a> with Vanquish CAD HP and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1970"><strong>Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD C8 column</strong></a>.</p><h5><strong>Data Analysis&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Thermo Scientific Chromeleon Chromatography Data System (CDS)</strong></a> 7.2.10 was used for data acquisition and analysis.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The CAD HP integrates perfectly into the Vanquish Inverse Gradient LC system and offers high sensitivity and excellent repeatability for quantitative cationic lipid impurity analysis, while the ISQ EM MS provides straightforward mass confirmation with high repeatability, all under compliance-ready conditions.</p><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Quantitative Analysis of Four Long-Chain Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) in Dried Blood Spot using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Research</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008826_en_dc154872b6.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>Benefits</strong></h5><ul><li>Good chromatographic resolution of all forms</li><li>Short extraction time compared to traditional methods for lipid extraction</li><li>Short analysis injection-to-injection 7 minutes</li></ul><p>Historically, very long chain fatty acids have been quantified using direct transesterification and gas chromatography methods which involve time-consuming and labor-intensive sample preparation and analysis. Consequently, simpler LC-MS/MS methods have been reported for the measurement of long-chain LPCs (LPCs generic chemical structure, Figure 1) in DBS. Interferences have been reported using positive ESI, thus researchers have developed methodologies utilizing negative ESI to circumvent isobaric interferences when there is lack of chromatographic resolution. Here a UHPLC-MS/MS method is described using acetate adducts for the reliable analysis of four long-chain LPCs in DBS for clinical research.&nbsp;</p><p>A UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantifying a panel of LPCs (C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, and C26:0-LPCs) was developed. The mobile phase composition consisted of a mixture of water, acetonitrile, and isopropanol with 5 mM ammonium acetate as a modifier. The DBS sample extraction used a working solution prepared with the deuterated LPC internal standards in methanol. The method was developed with an ACQUITY UPLC I-Class PLUS System (Fixed Loop) using an ACQUITY Premier CSH C18 Column, which provided baseline resolution of endogenous isobaric interferences for the saturated forms of the targeted LPCs. The detector was a Xevo TQ-S micro Mass Spectrometer operated in negative ESI mode. This methodology resulted in a total analysis time (injection-to-injection) of 7 minutes.</p><h5><strong>LC Conditions&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>LC system: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/199"><strong>ACQUITY UPLC I-Class PLUS FL&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>System Detection: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/209"><strong>Xevo TQ-S micro Mass Spectrometer&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>Plate:</strong> Waters 96-well Sample Collection Plate, 350 µL&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Column(s): </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1952"><strong>ACQUITY Premier CSH C18 Column</strong></a>, 2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.7 µm (p/n: 186009460)</li></ul><h5><strong>MS Conditions&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>MS system:</strong> Xevo TQ-S micro Mass Spectrometer</li></ul><h5><strong>Data Management&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>MS software: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/635"><strong>MassLynx™ v4.2 Software SCN 1045&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>Informatics: </strong>TargetLynx™ XS v4.2 Software SCN1045 and QUAN Review</li></ul><h4><strong>Results and Discussion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>During method development, different types of column chemistry, mobile phase composition, and ESI polarity modes were assessed to optimize chromatographic peak shape, analytical sensitivity and manage interferences. In positive mode, ammonium formate favored the formation of m/z 184 and m/z 104 as daughter ions for all the LPCs. The m/z 184 ion lacks specificity because most phospholipids share this moiety, so the ion m/z 104 was selected as quantifier. Having evaluated conditions in positive mode for the analysis of the four saturated LPCs, it was observed that some existing interferences were not only affecting the parent masses of the analytes but their corresponding internal standard parent ion masses too. Hence, negative ionization using ammonium acetate as modifier was assessed for the detection of LPCs. Acetate adducts [M+CH3COO]- were the most abundant parent ion masses, generated under these conditions for each LPC. The acyl-chain product ions generated in negative ionization reduce the detection of interferences coming from other phosphocholine headgroups. The latter detection conditions were used for the validation of the method presented herein.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>An LC-MS/MS clinical research method for measuring C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, and C26:0 LPCs with the ACQUITY UPLC I-Class PLUS FL System, and the Xevo TQ-S micro Mass Spectrometer that:</p><ul><li>Demonstrates good linearity, with no significant carryover, or matrix effects</li><li>Offers good precision with a total reproducibility and repeatability <span>≤</span>10% CV</li><li>Offers reliability in the identification of LPCs from interfering isobaric compounds Provides good selectivity and analytical sensitivity in negative mode and is relatively fast as approximately 220 samples can be analyzed in 24 hours</li></ul>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 39, 2025

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 20th October 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you posters by <strong>Agilent Technologies / AOAC,</strong> <strong>Shimadzu / AOAC </strong>and<strong> Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium </strong>and application note by <strong>Waters Corporation!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies / AOAC: Evaluating System Robustness of a High-Sensitivity Triple Quadrupole LC/MS for PFAS Analysis in Food Matrix Over an Extended Period&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ps_pfas_salmon_6495d_robustness_aoac_2025_t004_en_agilent_9b7b469a22.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Due to the rapidly evolving regulatory environment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), many analytical laboratories are opting to use highsensitivity triple quadrupole mass spectrometers for the targeted analysis of such compounds to ensure meeting present and potential future requirements for sensitivity and PFAS coverage. These assays are regularly conducted in a high-throughput manner involving complex matrices such as food, soil, wastewater or biological samples. Therefore, system robustness and instrument uptime are crucial for such applications to maintain productivity and profitability. In this work, we present results from an expedited robustness testing of a high-sensitivity triple quadrupole LC/MS system using select PFASs in one of the most challenging food matrices.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation</strong></h5><p>Data was collected using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Agilent+1290+Infinity+II+LC"><strong>Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC</strong></a> system coupled to an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D+LC%2FTQ"><strong>Agilent 6495D LC/TQ mass spectrometer.</strong></a> Instrument parameters are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>The robustness of a 6495D LC/TQ was tested using undiluted salmon extract, a complex and challenging food matrix. During the experiment, the system was exposed to more than 130 mL of the matrix over a period of ~3 weeks of continuous operation, without any maintenance. System performance was monitored by injections of a mixture of native and isotopically labelled PFAS samples. The monitored signals exhibited low variations (RSD&lt;6%) throughout the entire experiment. No obvious performance degradation or significant contamination of the inner ion optics elements were observed after the conclusion of the test.&nbsp;</p><p>Although no loss of instrument performance was observed during this expedited robustness test, a routine maintenance of ion source and optics is recommended to ensure prolonged instrument operation.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu / AOAC: Analysis of Chlordane by DUIS (Dual Electrospray/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization) Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/aoac_2025_w050_036db56f51.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The legalization of cannabis has led to many laboratories developing methods to meet local cannabis testing regulatory requirements. One of the challenging residual pesticides to quantitate is chlordane, an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide on crops until 1983 and for termite treatment in homes until 1988. Chlordane is highly persistent in the environment and has been linked to cancers. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) – liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) methods were published for analysis of chlordane. However, for laboratories without APCI functionality or who prefer not to switch between two different ionization sources, chlordane remains a challenging target for LCMS analysis. This study demonstrates the successful quantitation of chlordane using additive-free DUIS electrospray ionization – LCMS at concentrations below the New York State testing limits.</p><h4><strong>Methods&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Technical chlordane (CAS 57-74-9) was obtained from Restek, diluted in water, and analyzed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-8060"><strong>Shimadzu LCMS-8060</strong></a> triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a DUIS ionization source. The DUIS source was utilized in APCI mode. Technical chlordane is a mixture of transchlordane, cis-chlordane, and related chemicals. The LC parameters shown in Table 1 allowed separation of the cis- and trans-chlordane isomers.</p><h4><strong>Results&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Initial MS data was collected in Q1 and Q3 Scan mode. Due to the 8 chlorine atoms per chlordane molecule, a distribution of isomers is expected in the mass spectrum. LabSolutions Insight Explore was used to predict isotopic distributions for chlordane with and without adducts. The predicted spectra for the [M-H]- and [M+CH3OH]- are shown in Figure 1A and 1B, respectively. The experimentally observed isotopic distributions for the [M-H]- and [M+CH3OH]- ions are shown in Figure 1C and 1D, respectively. Figure 1E shows the relative intensity of the [M+CH3OH]- versus the [M-H]- isotope clusters. As the [M+CH3OH]- showed the greatest intensity, it was selected for optimization.</p><p>Voltage optimization was performed for the 441.80 to 441.80 MRM with the CID gas turned off. Even after voltage optimization, the signal-to-noise from the primary species in the technical chlordane (in this case, trans-chlordane) was insufficient. Automated source optimization using LabSolutions MRM Connect was used to improve signal by optimizing Interface Temperature, Heating Gas Flow, Nebulizing Gas Flow, Drying Gas Flow, DL Temperature, Heat Block Temperature, and Interface Voltage. As a representative example, Figure 3 shows the impact of Interface Temperature on the MRM intensity for the 441.80 m/z.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium: HPLC transfer and optimization of deoxycholic acid analysis using HPLC – Charged Aerosol Detector</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_hplc_transfer_optimization_deoxycholic_acid_analysis_po_en_55bc47dc90.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The United States Pharmacopeial Convention monograph outlines a high-performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection (HPLC-CAD) method [1] for the accurate measurement of deoxycholic acid (also known as desoxycholic acid) and its primary impurity, cholic acid. Key detector settings that influence detection performance metrics such as detection limit, resolution, and linearity include:&nbsp;</p><ul><li>The evaporation temperature (EvapT) for setting the temperature of the evaporation tube and influencing sensitivity related to volatility factors.&nbsp;</li><li>The filter constant for balancing noise and adjusting the detector's response time to changes in analyte concentration.&nbsp;</li><li>The PV for optimizing the linear range within the detector's dynamic range for a given application.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>These parameters are crucial for successful method transfer and optimization. Consequently, this work offers guidelines for method transfer and optimization from the Vanquish CAD to the Vanquish CAD HP</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/743"><strong>Thermo Scientific Vanquish Flex UHPLC system</strong></a> equipped with both the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2176"><strong>Vanquish Charged Aerosol Detector </strong></a>and HP was used to perform method transfer and optimization for deoxycholic acid analysis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2005"><strong>Thermo Scientific Acclaim 120 C18 column</strong></a> under gradient elution with formic acid-modified aqueous and organic phases</p><h5><strong>Chromatography Data System&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Thermo Scientific Chromeleon 7.3.2 Chromatography Data System (CDS) software</strong></a> was used for data acquisition and analysis.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This study highlights the successful optimization and method transfer of the USP-NF deoxycholic acid assay using Vanquish CAD detectors. Through careful evaluation of chromatographic performance, detector settings, and calibration parameters, the Vanquish CAD HP was shown to deliver enhanced performance across multiple criteria:&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Key Takeaways:&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Excellent Sensitivity and Response:</strong> Vanquish CAD HP demonstrated significantly lower LOD/LOQ values and higher peak responses compared to Vanquish CAD, making it the detector of choice for low-level analyte quantification.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Enhanced method optimization Flexibility: </strong>Vanquish CAD HP allows simultaneous data collection for multiple PVs, ensuring faster method development and optimization.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Seamless Method Transfer:</strong> Transitioning from Vanquish CAD to CAD HP was achieved by optimizing power value (PV), EvapT, and signal filter settings, ensuring improved performance.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>Together, these findings demonstrate that the Vanquish CAD HP not only supports efficient method transfer but also elevates performance, sensitivity, and usability—making it an ideal solution for modern HPLC applications.</p><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Multi-Residue Analysis of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and Pesticides in Water by Direct Injection Using LC-MS/MS</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008819_en_4c0e9bc91e.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>Benefits&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Sensitivity of Xevo TQ Absolute allows for the trace level detection of PPCPs and pesticides in drinking and surface waters without the need for lengthy clean-up or concentration steps</li><li>The direct injection approach increases productivity and provides faster turn-around time for reporting of results while being well aligned with green analytical chemistry principles</li><li>More than 150 analytes reach limits of quantification of 10 ng/L, making this method suitable for screening for multi-class analytes in water matrices&nbsp;</li></ul><p>In recent years, there has been increasing concern about the presence of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water bodies throughout the world.1 The effect of these emerging contaminants on human health and their potential impact on the environment is not yet fully understood. The updated Drinking Water Directive entered into force in January 2021 and is the EU's main law for drinking water. The Directive applies to all water, either in its original state or after treatment, intended for drinking, cooking, food preparation or other domestic purposes, regardless of its origin and whether it is supplied from a distribution network, supplied from a tanker or put into bottles or containers.2 It further protects human health thanks to updated water quality standards, in accordance with World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations, addressing emerging pollutants, such as endocrine disruptors, and promoting a preventive, risk-based approach to reduce pollution at its source.</p><p>Water bodies such as rivers, lakes and groundwaters have their status defined in the EU Water Framework Directive.3 An amendment to Directive 2013/39/EU sets environmental quality standards for hazardous substances that require monitoring in these waters. A Commission Implementing Decision4 document, 2022/1307, includes Watch List analytes with Maximum Acceptable Method Detection Limits for compounds of concern across multiple chemical classes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that PPCPs are present at parts-per-trillion (PPT) levels in rivers and streams highlighting the need for methods that are able to detect compounds at these trace levels.5-10 In addition to the low-level detection of these compounds, a major analytical challenge lies in the wide chemical diversity of chemicals of concern. Furthermore, to establish a more complete understanding of water pollution it is necessary to monitor a wide variety of types of water. This application note demonstrates the direct injection, separation and detection of PPCPs and pesticides including acidic, basic, and neutral compounds from multiple regulated analyte lists in a variety of water types.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>LC system:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/191"><strong>ACQUITY Premier</strong></a> FTN</li><li><strong>MS system: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/554"><strong>Xevo TQ Absolute</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The updated EU Drinking Water and Water Framework Directives provide the regulatory framework for effective monitoring and management of water quality and include provisions for emerging contaminants. Ensuring compliance with these regulations and comprehensive coverage for an ever increasing analyte lists requires versatile, robust analytical methods and high performance LC/MS/MS systems. The direct-injection method investigated in this work is effective at detection of a wide range of PPCPs and pesticides at trace levels suitable for monitoring multiple water types for the presence of compound classes known or suspected to pose risks to human and environmental health. It further provides more rapid turn around time and greener operation than methods that rely upon high volumes of solvent and extensive sample preparation. Method performance was assessed using criteria described in ISO 21253–2:2019. The calibration characteristics, linearity, and residuals were excellent over the concentration range studied. Accuracy and precision were evaluated at three matrix QC levels with six replicate spikes and found to provide excellent performance for 154 analytes in tap and bottled water and 74 analytes in surface water matrix.</p>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 43, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 47, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 48, 2025

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 1st December 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies,</strong> <strong>Shimadzu </strong>and<strong> Waters Corporation</strong> and poster by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Quantitative Bioanalysis of Oligonucleotides Using a 6495D Triple Quadrupole LC/MS System Combined with an Automated SPE Workstation</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_bioanalysis_oligonucleotides_6495d_qqq_lcms_spe_5994_8339en_agilent_82610a68ca.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>In drug development, the quantitative analysis of oligonucleotides in biological samples is crucial for pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and toxicological safety evaluations. Due to the associated structural complexity of oligonucleotides and the unique nature of biological matrices, the corresponding sample preparation techniques are often complex. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) are commonly used sample preparation methods, with SPE being more suitable to meet lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) requirements and complex matrices.2 However, traditional manual SPE methods are time consuming and prone to human error.&nbsp;</p><p>Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) is widely used in oligonucleotide bioanalysis due to its high sensitivity, low detection limits, high selectivity, and specificity. Methods using LC/MS/MS enable the rapid and accurate detection and quantification of low-concentration target compounds in complex matrices without the need for special reagents and probes.3&nbsp;</p><p>To address the challenges in sample preparation, Agilent developed an automated SPE workstation based on the Bravo liquid handling platform, combined with the next‑generation triple quadrupole LC/MS/MS system, the 6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS system, providing a complete solution from sample preparation to data analysis. The 6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS system excels in high sensitivity quantification and low detection limits from complex matrices, while the automated SPE workstation significantly reduces manual intervention time and improves operational consistency and reliability. This complete automated SPE bioanalysis workflow significantly enhances the efficiency and reliability of quantitative oligonucleotide&nbsp;bioanalysis.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Experimental&nbsp;</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instruments&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?search=1290+Infinity+III+Bio+LC+"><strong>Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio LC&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D"><strong>Agilent 6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS system&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Automated+SPE+workstation"><strong>Agilent Automated SPE workstation</strong></a>, including Bravo, BenchCel and MiniHub</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This study verified the use of the automated Agilent SPE workstation combined with the Agilent 6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS system for oligonucleotide bioanalysis studies through the quantitative analysis of mipomersen in pig plasma. The experimental results showed that the system exhibited excellent linearity (R²=0.999) within the dynamic range of 2 to 1,000 ng/mL. The reproducibility and accuracy of the QC samples were within acceptable ranges, with most RSD values below 5%, QC low points below 10%, and back‑calculated concentration accuracy between 85 and 115%. Additionally, in the three-day repeatability experiment, the inter-batch reproducibility of the QC samples was good, with RSD values all below 10%. The back-calculated accuracies for QC samples at high, medium, and low concentration levels, as well as the LLOQ (2 ng/mL), remained stable between 80 and 120%.&nbsp;</p><p>By reducing manual intervention and improving operational consistency, the automated SPE workstation significantly enhances the efficiency and reliability of sample preparation. Combined with the high sensitivity and low detection limits of the 6495D triple quadrupole LC/MS system, this solution achieves efficient and accurate detection of low‑concentration oligonucleotides in complex matrices. Overall, this automated solution has broad application prospects in high-throughput oligonucleotide bioanalysis and meets the high requirements for quantitative analysis in drug&nbsp;development.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Determination of N-Nitroso-Nebivolol in Nebivolol Drug Substance by </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-2050"><strong>LCMS-2050</strong></a></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_03_lcms_055_en_8d77db9fd3.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>A new method for the determination of NDSRI impurity in nebivolol raw material was established using LCMS-2050.</li><li>The method has high sensitivity, short analysis time and high accuracy, which can fully meet the FDA's AI limit for N-Nitrosonebivolol.</li></ul><p>On September 4, 2024, the FDA issued the final guidance on the control of nitrosamine impurities in human drugs (Nitrosamine Guidance Version 2). The revised guidance describes two categories of nitrosamines: small-molecule nitrosamines and nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs). Unlike small-molecule nitrosamine impurities that are structurally dissimilar to the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), NDSRIs generally exhibit structural similarity to the API and may form through interactions between the API and nitrosating agents, such as nitrite impurities present in drug excipients.&nbsp;</p><p>Nebivolol is a potent and selective third-generation β-blocker clinically used for the treatment of patients with moderate-tosevere hypertension, as well as angina pectoris and congestive heart failure, with a recommended daily dose of 5 mg. Due to its structural characteristics, the synthesis of nebivolol may involve nitrosation reactions, leading to the introduction of the NDSRI impurity N-nitroso-nebivolol. According to the FDA's nitrosamine guidance, based on the Carcinogenic Potency Categorization Approach (CPCA), the acceptable intake (AI) limit for N-nitroso-nebivolol, a potential NDSRI in nebivolol, is set at 1500 ng/day.&nbsp;</p><p>This study established an LC-MS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-2050"><strong>LCMS-2050</strong></a>) method for the determination of N-nitroso-nebivolol in nebivolol drug substance. The method demonstrates high sensitivity, short analysis time, and accurate results, providing a reference for the detection of related nitrosamine impurities.</p><h4><strong>Separation Evaluation&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>To ensure high sensitivity in impurity analysis and prevent contamination of the mass spectrometer by high-concentration active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) components, flow path switching technology was employed. This method diverts the main nebivolol peak to waste, allowing only impurities to enter the mass spectrometer for detection. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, The retention times of nebivolol and N-nitroso-nebivolol were 1.952 min and 3.408 min, respectively, so the mass spectrometry acquisition was initiated after 2.8 min, ensuring selective detection of the target impurity. This approach effectively enabled accurate and interferencefree analysis of trace-level impurities.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>A novel method for determining the content of N-nitrosonebivolol in nebivolol drug substance was established by using the LCMS-2050. Within the concentration range of 1 - 180 ng/mL, the correlation coefficients of the N-nitroso-nebivolol was 0.9999. When the spiked concentration of 0.03 μg/mg and 0.3 μg/mg, the recovery rate of N-nitroso-nebivolol was 100.4 and 100.2, respectively, and the recovery rate was good and met the requirements of pharmacopoeia. The method has high sensitivity, linearity, precision and recovery rate can meet the detection requirements, and which can be used for the detection of nitrosamine impurity N-nitroso-nebivolol in nebivolol drug substance.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC: At the intersection between chromatographic performance, ESI efficiency and instrument productivity: nano to capillary flow LC/MS on long μPAC Columns</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_intersection_between_chromatographic_performance_po_en_1a1d6f722b.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>LC-MS-based proteomics commonly employs low-flow liquid chromatography (LC) to separate tryptic peptides, which helps reduce sample complexity before MS/MS detection and protein identification. This technique benefits from minimal dilution on miniaturized columns and increased ionization efficiency via nanoflow electrospray ionization (ESI). As mass spectrometry (MS) devices become more sensitive and faster, there is an increasing need to boost throughput. The challenge lies in maintaining or increasing proteome coverage while simultaneously reducing analysis time. Typically, higher flow rates improve instrument productivity but may compromise sensitivity. In this study, the impact of eluting flow rates was assessed across various throughput ranges to identify the optimal balance between productivity and proteome coverage. Additionally, the transition to a dual-column single emitter configuration was evaluated to determine its effects on productivity and coverage. This approach aims to enhance LC-MS performance, ensuring high throughput without sacrificing the depth of proteome analysis.</p><h4><strong>Methods</strong></h4><p>HeLa cell digests were resuspended in 0.1% TFA and 1% ACN to create a 200 ng/µL stock solution, sonicated, diluted in 0.1% TFA, and vortexed. A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/398"><strong>Thermo Scientific Vanquish Neo UHPLC instrument</strong></a> was configured for either a single analytical column in a trap-and-elute setup or two columns in tandem. For single column experiments, a Thermo Scientific PepMap Neo trap cartridge and a 110 cm µPAC Neo Plus column on a Thermo Scientific EASY-Spray source were used. LC methods with flow rates from 200 to 1000 nL/min were tested for throughputs ranging from 16 to 50 samples per day. The column was positioned in an external heating device mounted directly onto the ionization source and connected to an ESI emitter via a 20 µm ID voltage spacer. For tandem column experiments, two 110 cm µPAC Neo Plus columns were placed in the Vanquish Neo UHPLC column compartment between two low-dispersion 6-port switching valves. A 20 µm ID nanoViper line connected the eluents to an ESI emitter with an integrated liquid junction in an EASY-Spray source. Data were acquired using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/402"><strong>Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Exploris 240</strong></a>/<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/401"><strong>480 mass spectrometer</strong></a> in data-independent acquisition mode.</p><h4><strong>Data Analysis&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>LC-MS data were analyzed either using a trial version of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1782"><strong>Thermo Scientific Proteome Discoverer 3.3 software</strong></a> with Chimerys or with Spectronaut® 19. Results shown have been filtered to a 1% FDR</p><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Increasing the flow rate to 1 µL/min significantly increases instrument productivity. For gradient times below 30 minutes, 1 µL/min performs slightly better than lower flow methods, identifying up to 6679 protein groups at 50 SPD.&nbsp;</li><li>For gradient lengths over 50 minutes, a 200 nL/min flow rate provides superior chromatographic metrics and proteome coverage, resulting into a maximum of 8556 protein groups identified at 16 SPD.&nbsp;</li><li>The negative impact of a low-dispersion 6-port valve's impact scales inversely with flow rate. At 1 µL/min, peak width increases by 40%, yielding 5% lower proteome coverage but 26% higher productivity.&nbsp;</li><li>Optimized dual column single-emitter methods identified up to 6947 protein groups at 50 SPD with 3-6% CVs for the same column and 4-8% between columns (n=6).&nbsp;</li><li>Column reproducibility was shown across 5 columns, with an ID rate variation of 0.7% for HeLa digests and a median RT CV of 0.99% for spiked-in PRTC peptides.</li></ul><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Improving Sample Throughput of HPLC Methods Using CORTECS 5 μm Columns</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009072_en_1203625d4f.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>Benefits&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Comparable chromatographic performance for abacavir impurities was achieved using a shorter CORTECS Premier C18 5 µm Column in place of a column packed with fully porous 5 µm particles</li><li>33% reduction in solvent usage and analysis time using a CORTECS Premier C18 5 µm Column compared to a fully porous 5 µm column</li><li>33% reduction in analytical method greenness score indicating improved sustainability for the new method</li></ul><p>Improving validated HPLC methods can be challenging. Two of the approaches to increase analytical throughput, increasing mobile phase flow rate or using shorter columns, have drawbacks in higher pressures or reduced chromatographic performance. Typically, using a shorter column also requires decreasing the particle size to maintain a constant length to particle size (L/dp) ratio to ensure similar column efficiency. However, columns packed with smaller particles generate higher back pressures. Some labs may be able to migrate methods to shorter columns packed with smaller particles by transferring to a HPLC system capable of operating at higher pressures. However, if a laboratory lacks access to such systems, then their options may be limited. In those situations, finding appropriate columns to use to improve a method is not only a matter of chromatographic performance but also system compatibility, particularly from a pressure standpoint. Older HPLC systems are limited to lower pressures compared to more modern systems.&nbsp;</p><p>This application brief examines the improvement of a method for testing abacavir impurities by migrating the original method from a 4.6 x 150 mm 5 µm fully porous C18 column to a CORTECS Premier C18 4.6 x 100 mm 5 µm Column. Additionally, a fully porous 3.5 µm C18 column in 4.6 x 100 mm hardware was evaluated to determine if moving to a smaller particle size would have as much of a benefit as that provided by using a CORTECS Column. The separation conditions for method migration were obtained using the Waters Column Calculator. Along with examining throughput, solvent savings were calculated as well as analytical method greenness scores for each column tested.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Method Conditions&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>LC system:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/210"><strong>Alliance™ HPLC System</strong></a> with 2489 UV/Visible (UV/Vis) Detector</li></ul><h5><strong>Data Management&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chromatography software: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/627"><strong>Empower™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Results and Discussion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Previously, the impurity method for abacavir was migrated to a 2.7 µm CORTECS Column.1 While that work showed the benefits of scaling to a smaller particle size, not all laboratories are comfortable moving to such a small particle size. In those instances, moving from a 5 µm to a 3.5 µm particle column is a good first step. However, depending on the method, this migration might not be appropriate and could result not only in elevated system pressure but also performance loss. Figure 1 shows the chromatograms for abacavir impurities using the original method column, a 3.5 µm C18 column, and the CORTECS Premier C18 5 µm Column.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>CORTECS Premier 5 µm Columns are suitable alternatives for fully porous 5 µm columns for improving validated HPLC methods. Using a CORTECS solid-core stationary phase can allow for a shorter column to be used because of their higher efficiency per unit length. To highlight this, the impurity method for abacavir was migrated from the original fully porous 5 µm, 4.6 x 150 mm column to a CORTECS Premier C18 5 µm, 4.6 x 100 mm Column, as well as a 4.6 x 100 mm 3.5 µm fully porous column. The use of the CORTECS Column achieved comparable separation performance as the original while also exhibiting a shorter analysis time, lower solvent usage, and a better AMGS value.</p>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 49, 2025

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 8th December 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies </strong>and<strong> Waters Corporation, </strong>technical note by <strong>Shimadzu </strong>and poster by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific / ASMS!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Robust and Reproducible Monitoring of PFAS in Treated Wastewater by Direct Injection on 6495D LC/MS</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_pfas_wastewater_lctq_5994_8346en_agilent_c2412e7d84.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>PFAS is a class of synthetic chemicals that are resistant to heat, water, grease, and oil. Exposure to this class of chemicals is widespread and their ability to move and persist in the environment makes them difficult to clean up. Found in everyday household and workplace products such as drinking water, food packaging, fish caught from compromised environments, and personal care products is an indication of how widespread the use of PFAS and its contamination in the&nbsp;environment.&nbsp;</p><p>Traditional techniques of analysis to enhance sensitivity incorporate the use of solid phase extraction, which allows enrichment of the sample before injection. Increased awareness of emerging contaminants has necessitated the need for higher throughput methods, some bypassing the sample preparation step, to decrease sample analysis time. Direct injection analysis can save time by removing the need to prepare samples but still providing robustness and reproducibility to justify its capabilities and improved&nbsp;efficiency.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><strong>Liquid chromatography system:&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity II Bio-LC High‑Speed Pump (G7132A)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity II Bio-LC Multisampler (G7137B)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity II Multicolumn Thermostat (G7116B)&nbsp;</li></ul><p><strong>Mass spectrometry system:&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D"><strong>Agilent 6495D Triple Quadrupole LC/MS (G6495D)&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Jet+Stream"><strong>Agilent Jet Stream (AJS) Source</strong></a> A PFC free kit, together with a delay column, was also used.</li></ul><h4><strong>Results and discussion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The sensitivity of the method was calculated with ten spikes of water at 1&nbsp;ng/L resulting in the method detection limit. The calculated concentration was prior to dilution of methanol and demonstrates that all but three analytes were equal or less than 1 ng/L detection limits, the analytes with greater than 1&nbsp;ng/L MDL were 3:3 FTCA and 8:2 FTSA (Table 6).</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The increased awareness of PFAS globally has meant that regulations are constantly being adopted and larger amounts of samples at lower limits are required. By incorporating the direct injection technique on the Agilent 6495D LC/MS we get a combination of high sample throughput while providing excellent analytical sensitivity. Also, increasing throughput and reducing consumables cost creates increased value in the instrument. The method displays a clean baseline and sensitivity with the observation of 1 ng/L detection in spiked wastewater. Reproducibility and robustness were measured between the concentrations of 0.5 to 100 ng/L on the 6495D LC/MS. The system was able to detect 38 PFAS between 0.25 to 3.4 ng/L with RSD &lt; 20% over 150&nbsp;direct injections, providing confidence in the data for a complex matrix like&nbsp;wastewater.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: A sustainable analytical approach for detecting extra virgin olive oil adulteration using Nexera™ UC</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c190_e341_c488032e81.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Knowledge of the composition of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in vegetable oils is important for dietary and nutritional reasons, due to the influence of the different properties of each fatty acid on the human organism. Specifically, extravirgin olive oil (EVOO) is a popular food ingredient worldwide, and for this reason, detecting economically motivated adulteration is important to protect consumers’ interest and health[1]. According to the latest report from the EU Food Fraud Network (European Union, 2021), olive oil (OO) tops the list of reported adulterated food products. The official methods to assess OO purity and detect the presence of extraneous vegetable oils include the analysis of fatty acids (FAs), triacylglycerols (TAGs) and sterols (Regulation (EU) No 2568/91 and its amendments) [2].&nbsp;</p><p>A variety of chromatographic techniques has been employed for TAGs analysis and separation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, which use reversed-phase (RP) and silver-ion (Ag) columns for TAGs separation, have been employed either independently or in combination[3]. However, both these approaches have the drawback of relying on toxic organic solvents. The alternative separation technique employed in TAGs analysis is supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) coupled with a UV detector at very low wavelengths, due to the weak UV absorption of the mobile phase. In this study, a fast, simple and green methodology was optimized to detect intentionally adulterated olive oil with cheaper seed oils at different levels by means of SFC with UV detection, followed by statistical analysis.</p><h4><strong>2. Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.2 SFC-PDA Nexera™ UC system&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>All experiments were performed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexera%E2%84%A2+UC"><strong>Nexera™ UC system</strong></a> (Shimadzu Europa, Germany). The system was equipped with a CBM-20A communication bus module, a DGU-20A5R degasser, an LC-30ADSF CO2 pump, one LC-20ADXR dual plunger parallelflow pump, a Sil-30AC autosampler, a CTO-20AC column oven, a SPD-M20A photodiode array (PDA) detector, and a SFC-30A backpressure regulator (BPR). Chromatograms were recorded using Shimadzu <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LabSolutions"><strong>LabSolution</strong></a> ver. 5.80 software. Four Ascentis Express C18 columns, provided by KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), were connected in series for TAGs separation. The analytical conditions used are summarized in Table 1.</p><h4><strong>3. Results and discussion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Using four C18 columns packed with superficially porous particles, a highly efficient separation of TAGs with an isocratic elution mode was provided, allowed for complete sample TAG elution within 30 min with the conditions used in this method (Figure 1). Peak identification was carried out according to partition number (PN), the published composition of these common vegetable oils and the relative amount of major and minor peaks, and finally taking into account TAGs retention times. For compounds with identical PN, separation was achieved based on the number of unsaturations. The elution order of TAGs was primarily governed by the hydrophobicity of the solutes. As the PN increases, the non-polar character of TAGs becomes more dominant.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The Nexera™ UC system provided excellent results for assessing TAGs composition in ten different vegetable oils examined in this study employing an SFC-PDA analytical method using isocratic mode and UV detection at 205 nm. This approach does not require any sample preparation and enables analyses to be completed with less waste and less cost compared to traditional methods, making it feasible for routine analyses, while providing reliable quantitative values.&nbsp;</p><p>Quantification of adulterated EVOO was performed by establishing curves based on peak areas of LLL marker versus seed oils concentrations. Statistical analysis using PCA and one-way ANOVA also visually distinguished adulterated EVOO from pure EVOO, and the result was in accordance with the present quantitative method. This fast and environmental method exhibits a huge potential for quality control and authenticity evaluation of EVOO.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific / ASMS: Uncovering biological differences at scale: high-throughput and in-depth plasma proteomics with the Seer Proteograph ONE workflow and Orbitrap Astral Zoom Mass Spectrometer</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_393_uncovering_biological_astral_zoom_seer_po393_asms2025_na_en_f697aef9c0.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Plasma proteomics enables minimally invasive biomarker discovery by capturing disease-related molecular signatures. However, its effectiveness is limited by the wide dynamic range of protein concentrations. To address this, we combined the Seer Proteograph ONE workflow with the Orbitrap Astral Zoom mass spectrometer to enable a high-throughput, high-precision platform that delivers deep plasma profiling and actionable insights for large-scale clinical and translational research (Figure 1).</p><h4><strong>Methods:&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The Seer Proteograph ONE workflow was used to prepare plasma samples from a small disease cohort with matched healthy controls to evaluate its performance and feasibility in detecting biologically meaningful differences. Samples were then separated and analyzed using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/398"><strong>Thermo Scientific Vanquish Neo UHPLC system </strong></a>coupled to the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1959"><strong>Orbitrap Astral Zoom mass spectrometer</strong></a>, enabling deep and reproducible proteome coverage. Two analytical approaches—a high-throughput method and a Max-ID workflow—were tested to demonstrate the versatility and throughput for comprehensive biomarker discovery in clinical cohort studies.</p><h4><strong>Results:&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The Seer Proteograph ONE workflow with Orbitrap Astral Zoom mass spectrometer demonstrated that both high-throughput and Max-ID workflow were able to detect differences in biology in diseased states from healthy controls. The high-throughput workflow enabled rapid, reproducible analysis, while the Max-ID approach delivered deeper proteome coverage. The synergy between the Seer Proteograph workflow and Orbitrap Astral Zoom mass spectrometer supports scalable, high-resolution biomarker discovery, making it suitable for large clinical studies and precision medicine applications.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong><span><strong>&nbsp;</strong></span></h4><ul><li>The Seer Proteograph ONE workflow combined with Orbitrap Astral Zoom mass spectrometer identified &gt;10,800 protein groups using ultradeep profiling, compared to &gt;8,200 with the high-throughput method—demonstrating scalable, reproducible plasma proteomics with clear detection of biological differences for biomarker discovery.&nbsp;</li><li>The Protoeograph ONE workflow combined with the Orbitrap Astral Zoom Mass Spectrometer captures exceptional dynamic range of 7-8 orders of magnitude in plasma proteome&nbsp;</li><li>&gt;1,000 differentially abundant proteins detected with biologically relevant dysregulated pathways such as immune signaling or tissue remodeling underscores the complex biology of lung cancer&nbsp;</li><li>Identification of FDA markers as differentially expressed showcases the workflow’s strength for capturing biologically relevant plasma proteins</li></ul><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Improving Throughput and Analytical Greenness in Pharmaceutical Discovery Using Ultrashort (2.1 x 10 mm) HPLC Columns</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009074_en_406ea811f9.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>Benefits&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Up to 60% decrease in analysis time using the ultrashort (2.1 x 10 mm) column</li><li>Lower AMGS metric values indicating improvements in analytical method greenness</li></ul><p>Drug discovery is a fast-paced, high-throughput environment where chemists screen large numbers of samples to determine if a suitable compound has been created. Supporting these efforts from an analytical standpoint using liquid chromatography (LC) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) can present challenges. For many discovery workflows, hundreds if not thousands of samples are analyzed for the determination of drug concentrations in biological matrices, for structural confirmation or for an assessment of purity. Analytically speaking, this means that the number of samples that may be analyzed per unit time, or throughput, is valued more highly than is achieving baseline separation of all components. To maximize throughput, rapid (“ballistic”) gradients can be employed along with short analytical columns.1 Ballistic gradients are designed to run at the highest flow rate possible while using the steepest gradient slope, in terms of percent solvent per column volume (%/VC).2 This allows for the fastest elution off the column possible. Shorter columns are used not only to limit the pressure generated by the column, thereby allowing faster flow rates, but also to reduce the analysis time.&nbsp;</p><p>In this application note, the use of a 2.1 x 10 mm 2.5 µm XSelect™ HSS T3 Column is examined compared to 2.1 x 30 mm and 2.1 x 50 mm columns packed with the same stationary phase. These three columns were used to analyze a full 96-well QuanRecovery™ Plate to simulate the output of a drug discovery environment where multiple samples need to be run as fast as possible. Prior to sample analysis, instrument methods were created to increase throughput by limiting the inter-injection delay. The inter-injection delay time was calculated and recorded. The total analysis time for each column configuration was determined and compared, along with the AMGS. While the loss of efficiency in using a 10 mm column was expected, the shorter column configuration achieved adequate results for a single component sample. Coupling this column with mass spectrometry for peak identification would be sufficient for high-throughput discovery screening where separation quality is not the most important attribute of the analysis, but rather speed is of the highest value.3</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Reversed Phase LC Conditions&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>LC system: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/191"><strong>ACQUITY™ Premier</strong></a> Binary Solvent Manager with Column Manager, TUV Detector, and<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/554"><strong> Xevo™ TQ Absolute Mass Spectrometer</strong></a></li><li><strong>Columns:&nbsp;</strong><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1864"><strong>XSelect HSS T3</strong></a>, 2.1 x 50 mm, 2.5 µm (p/n: 186006149)&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1864"><strong>XSelect HSS T3</strong></a>, 2.1 x 30 mm, 2.5 µm (p/n: 186006148)&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1864"><strong>XSelect HSS T3</strong></a>, 2.1 x 10 mm, 2.5 µm (p/n: 186011466)</li></ul></li><li><strong>Chromatography software:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/635"><strong>MassLynx™ V4.1 Software</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Results and Discussion&nbsp;</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrument Considerations&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>Prior to sample analysis, the system being used was considered. For Waters™ LC systems, there are a few parameters in the inlet method that can be adjusted to speed up the time between injections, or inter-injection delay. This delay comes from the sequence of steps that the system takes to draw the sample and inject it into the flow path of the LC. The parameters that need adjustment are all located in the sample manager panel of the instrument method or inlet method. Figure 1 shows screenshots of the sample manager panel and where the mentioned parameters are located.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The use of high-throughput LC separations in pharmaceutical discovery allows new lead compounds to be selected quickly and efficiently. This may be achieved using short columns with ballistic gradients. To support these activities 2.1 x 10 mm columns were developed and used to analyze a full 96-well plate of samples. Comparing the results obtained on the 10 mm column to those produced using 30 and 50 mm columns showed a 57–146% higher throughput. Additionally, the use of the 10 mm column was determined to be substantially “greener” as measured by the analytical method greenness scores, with decreases of 40 and 68% relative to 30 and 50 mm length columns.</p>

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