Propionic Acid Outperforms Formic and Acetic Acid in MS Sensitivity for High-Flow Reversed-Phase LC-MS Bottom-Up Proteomics

This study introduces a quantitative workflow for multielement single-cell analysis by mass cytometry using metal-loaded, multielement-barcoded polystyrene beads as calibration standards. Online mixing allows bead and cell events to be distinguished by TOF-MS, enabling elemental concentrations in labeled cells to be quantified from bead responses.The approach was demonstrated with Lu-, Nd-, and Ir-labeled cancer cells and extended through a polynomial calibration model to elements not directly included in the beads. Agreement with external calibration highlights the method’s potential as a universal quantitative strategy for mass cytometry and single-cell ICP-TOF-MS.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/ancham/article/98/31/22966/5231419/Quantitative-Single-Cell-Multielemental-Analysis#249383980">Quantitative Single-Cell Multielemental Analysis Using Metal-Loaded Microparticles: toward a Universal Quantification Workflow in Mass Cytometry</a></h4>Ángela de la Rosa-Díaz; Carlos López-Portugués; Mario Corte-Rodríguez*; María Montes-Bayón *Anal. Chem. (2026) 98 (31): 22966–22976<div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6c02340">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6c02340</a></div><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div><div><div><div><div>Understanding the biochemical and functional heterogeneity of individual cells is a central challenge in modern biology, immunology, oncology, and clinical translational research. Flow cytometry, and, more recently, spectral flow cytometry, (<a href="javascript:;">1</a>) have become essential tools for high-dimensional single-cell analysis. However, obtaining robust quantitative information at the single-cell level remains challenging, particularly when comparing measurements across experiments and laboratories. Quantitative approaches have been developed for fluorescence flow cytometry, typically relying on calibration beads and standardized antibody conjugates to improve interexperimental comparability. (<a href="javascript:;">2−4</a>) Nevertheless, the accuracy of these methods remains influenced by fluorophore-specific properties and labeling variability, highlighting the need for alternative quantitative single-cell analytical strategies.</div><div>Mass cytometry, or cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), which was introduced by the team of Bandura in 2009, has emerged as a technological breakthrough by substituting fluorophores with isotopically pure metal tags, whose signals are detected by TOF elemental mass spectrometry (MS) using an inductively coupled plasma as ion source (ICP–TOF–MS). (<a href="javascript:;">5</a>) This technology has allowed to remove nearly all spectral overlaps and enabled experiments that can routinely include 40–60 parameters, including not only protein biomarkers but also DNA markers and metallodrugs or nanoparticles. (<a href="javascript:;">6, 7</a>) Numerous studies have taken advantage of the highly multiplex capabilities of CyTOF to investigate immune responses, characterize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, or follow hematopoietic differentiation with greater resolution than was previously possible. (<a href="javascript:;">8−10</a>) Indeed, the technique has become central to many multiparametric immunology pipelines by facilitating deeper functional analyses, from mapping subtle cell-cycle states (<a href="javascript:;">11</a>) to profiling intracellular cytokine signatures and activation markers (<a href="javascript:;">12</a>) that are often difficult to resolve by fluorescence-based approaches. (<a href="javascript:;">13</a>)</div><div>Beyond its multiplexing capability, an often overlooked advantage of mass cytometry is its potential for elemental quantification. Unlike fluorescence-based approaches, ICP–MS-based detection enables direct conversion of signal intensities into elemental amounts through established calibration strategies. This principle, successfully applied for single-cell elemental analysis by ICP–MS (SC–ICP–MS), has shown to be suitable in different applications. Thus, quantification of intrinsic (<a href="javascript:;">14−17</a>) or exogenous (<a href="javascript:;">18−20</a>) elements, as well as protein biomarkers following metal-labeling strategies (<a href="javascript:;">21, 22</a>) compare well with the bulk analyses on the same cell suspension. However, despite the efforts made to develop quantitative strategies, mass cytometry remains as a mainly qualitative strategy, where very few approaches have explored its unquestionable quantification potential. (<a href="javascript:;">4, 23−25</a>)</div><div>CyTOF data quality depends critically on managing instrumental variability. Plasma fluctuations, partial clogging of the sample introduction system or injector and periodic retuning, introduce changes in sensitivity that can obscure biological differences between samples measured at different times or in different instruments. To mitigate these effects, CyTOF applies multielement calibration polymeric beads, such as EQ six-element calibration beads, that are mixed with every sample at a fixed concentration before nebulization. (<a href="javascript:;">26, 27</a>) These beads, containing defined quantities of yttrium, indium, cerium, terbium, lutetium and bismuth, allow computational normalization and provide a reference signal that corrects for shifts in sensitivity over time. More recently, approaches using frozen antibody master mixes, unified acquisition templates, and sophisticated normalization algorithms have been introduced to enable reproducible multibatch studies and harmonize data sets across different research centers. (<a href="javascript:;">27, 28</a>)</div><div>Since the sought beads that contain multiple elements in a wide mass range (from 89Y to 209Bi) are commercially available and show high reproducibility, they could serve as quantitative (single-point) analytical standards (once characterized accordingly). This use would increase their analytical value not only as mere drift correctors but also as calibrants that are present within the sample (matrix-matched). Such a strategy is aligned with recently proposed particle-based calibration approaches in SP/SC–ICP–MS, which exploit transient events of the same nature as the analyte to avoid transport-efficiency-related uncertainties. (<a href="javascript:;">29</a>) In this way, the estimation of parameters like transport efficiencies of the ionic standards is eliminated, reducing the associated uncertainties. Moreover, since the beads are routinely added to all samples in CyTOF, any raw data file could be reprocessed at any time to extract any quantitative information without any additional measurements.</div><div>Despite their routine use for signal normalization, CyTOF calibration beads have not been systematically explored as quantitative standards for single-cell elemental analyses. Their use for quantification implies several analytical challenges, including the accurate characterization of their elemental content, the translation of bead-derived responses into cellular elemental amounts, and the extension of the calibration strategy to isotopes that are not present in the beads. Addressing these challenges is essential before calibration beads can be used as reliable quantitative reference.</div><div>An interesting additional feature of plasma-based techniques is their relatively uniform sensitivity across the entire mass range. It has been described that the observed instrumental response in most ICP–MS can be fitted to a simple equation as a function of the m/z of the isotope to be measured for the elements with similar ionization in the plasma, such as the lanthanides. (<a href="javascript:;">30, 31</a>) If the transient signals of the multielemental beads are used to obtain the instrumental responses and these are empirically modeled across the monitored m/z range, a practical route toward multielemental quantification strategy is obtained. This would represent a quantification workflow for multiplex single-cell elemental analysis that repurposes multielement CyTOF calibration beads as generic standards. Such an approach seeks to address the limitations in calibration procedures and, ultimately, to enhance the quantitative applications of high-dimensional single-cell MS that can be applied not only to CyTOF-based analysis but could also be extended to any other SC–ICP–MS analysis using any other TOF mass analyzers.<h4>Experimental Section</h4><h5>Instrumentation</h5><div>The single-particle ICP–MS measurements were performed by using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1206">iCAP TQ triple quadrupole ICP–MS system</a> from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen, Germany). All measurements were done using the standard configuration for sample introduction, including the Micro-Mist nebulizer at a sample flow rate of 0.4 mL min–1 and a cyclonic spray chamber. The sample introduction setup was used together with a Teledyne Cetac ASX-560 autosampler. SP-ICP-MS characterizacion of the lanthanide-loaded polystyrene beads was carried out setting a dwell time of 5 ms. Daily optimization of ICP–MS was performed to enhance signal sensitivity, ensuring that the generation of oxide ions and doubly charged species remained below 3% and 5%, respectively.</div><div>The CyTOF experiments were conducted in a CyTOF XT (Standard BioTools, San Francisco, CA, USA). This instrument is an ICP–MS that operates TOF mass analyzer with a shortened mass coverage from m/z 75 to 209. The samples are placed in a refrigerated carousel at 4 °C and injected into the CyTOF with a hydraulic autosampler that is able to handle sample introduction and system washing. The autosampler automatically adds the EQ6 calibration beads (Standard BioTools) to every sample at a 1:10 dilution. After mixing, the bead-containing sample is injected at 30 μL·min–1 through a pneumatic nebulizer and a spray chamber that is heated at 200 °C. using a constant sample flow of at 10 μL min–1. Microparticle imaging was carried out with a JEOL JEM-2100F transmission electron microscope.<h4>Results and Discussion</h4><h5>BiRM: An Interpolated Model for Multielement Quantification</h5>Taking advantage of the multielemental composition of the beads uniformly distributed along the CyTOF measuring range, their molar response factors can be estimated and plotted against the m/z of each of the isotopes contained on the beads. This is possible thanks to the high ionization efficiency achievable in the plasma for the elements of the beads that is close to 100%. In that case, previous publications demonstrated that the ICP–MS molar response can be modeled using different theoretical equations. (<a href="javascript:;">30, 31</a>) Consequently, the molar responses (nresp) for all the 8 isotopes of the 6 elements contained in the beads (typically &gt;5000 events) were calculated as in <a href="javascript:;">eq 3</a> and represented against the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The molar response, differently to the previously reported response factor (αi), takes into account the atomic mass of the element and isotope, the isotope abundance, and the concentration. This response was fitted empirically to polynomial functions of degree 2, 3, 4, and 5, resulting in the quartic function the one with the best correlation (r2 = 0.99) while avoiding overfitting of the data. The response factors for all the isotopes are represented in <a href="javascript:;">Figure 4</a> (every data point considered for the fitting corresponds to the average intensity obtained for a minimum of 5000 bead events and the corresponding standard deviation), together with the fitted quartic polynomial function of <a href="javascript:;">eq 4</a>. This behavior showing a mass-dependent response with a slight decrease at high m/z is also consistent with published results using ICP–TOF–MS instruments. (<a href="javascript:;">34</a>) The fourth-order polynomial was used as an empirical interpolation of the instrumental response within the calibrated mass range in our specific CyTOF instrument, without physical significance of the coefficients.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2026_98_31_22966_22976_Figure_4_Molar_response_factors_for_every_isotope_in_the_beads_b8317c3de7.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. (2026) 98 (31): 22966–22976: Figure 4. Molar response factors for every isotope in the beads as a function of m/z and the quartic function model (dashed line) that fits such data obtained using CyTOF results. Standard deviation of each data point is also included (only distinguishable in the case of 140Ce)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2026_98_31_22966_22976_Figure_4_Molar_response_factors_for_every_isotope_in_the_beads_b8317c3de7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="996" height="492">Using the m/z of the isotope of interest and by interpolation in the curve, it is possible to estimate its molar response on each sample (matrix matched). Out of the obtained molar response and taking the integrated dual counts obtained for such isotope in the sample, inferring its mass in a single cell event is straightforward. <a href="javascript:;">Figure 5</a>A shows the correlation between the predicted (using <a href="javascript:;">eq 4</a>) and the experimental value (using <a href="javascript:;">eq 3</a>) for the molar responses of the isotopes contained in the beads. A good correlation can be observed (R2 = 0.99), with a slope of 0.99, suggesting an excellent ability of the model to calculate the molar sensitivity of these isotopes.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2026_98_31_22966_22976_Figure_5_A_Plot_showing_the_correlation_between_the_Bi_RM_predicted_and_the_experimental_molar_response_for_the_multielemental_beads_6acfc9378b.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. (2026) 98 (31): 22966–22976: Figure 5. (A) Plot showing the correlation between the BiRM-predicted and the experimental molar response for the multielemental beads and (B) the correlation of 8200 individual cell events obtained by BiRM versus calibration with 175Lu standards. Error bars were omitted for clarity. Experimental uncertainties associated with the molar response factors are reported in Table 2." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2026_98_31_22966_22976_Figure_5_A_Plot_showing_the_correlation_between_the_Bi_RM_predicted_and_the_experimental_molar_response_for_the_multielemental_beads_6acfc9378b.jpg 116w," sizes="100vw" width="997" height="1336">Although it is possible to perform the described calculations using a datasheet like from microsoft excel, Google Sheets, or LibreOffice Calc, the BiRM interpolation and quantification workflow becomes increasingly cumbersome as the number of isotopes, events and biological replicates grows. For this reason, an in-house script has been developed in R, which is provided as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/ancham/article-supplement/5231419/pdf/ac6c02340_si_001/">Supporting Information</a>. The script, which is fully transparent and open-access, operates directly on the data matrix generated for either cell events or calibration-bead events after standard CyTOF preprocessing (see the Experimental section). By introducing the elemental information required for BiRM calculations as described in the accompanying “Readme” file, the script automatically computes the molar or mass amount of each element per cell. In addition, it generates summary statistics, diagnostic figures and histograms for rapid quality assessment. This implementation ensures reproducibility, minimizes operator-dependent variability and allows users to reprocess previously acquired data sets without any additional experimental steps. A continuously updated version of software will be made available in a public repository, where future improvements, extension and documentation will be deposited. Because the isotopes used in <a href="javascript:;">Figure 5</a>A were also employed to construct the BiRM model, an additional leave-one-out validation was performed to assess its predictive capability. In each iteration, one calibration isotope was excluded from the fitting procedure and its molar response factor was subsequently predicted using a model constructed from the remaining isotopes. The predicted values were then compared with the experimentally determined molar response factors. The leave-one-out validation yielded a mean absolute relative error (MARE) of 14.3%, compared with 8.3% for the all-in model. As expected, prediction errors increased when an isotope was excluded from the model construction. However, the obtained deviations remained within a reasonable range considering the limited number of calibration points available for model fitting.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study presents a practical route to quantitative mass cytometry by repurposing the multielement calibration beads that are routinely added to CyTOF samples as in-tube quantitative standards that can be extended not only to CyTOF but also to any other TOF-based ICP–MS instruments. Two complementary strategies were proposed. First, BaQS performs single-point calibration for bead-encoded isotopes to obtain the absolute mass of lanthanide per cell. Second, the BiRM makes use of the multielement bead signature to empirically model the instrumental response across the monitored m/z window, enabling the prediction of response factors for isotopes that are not present in the beads. The results indicate that both strategies provided accurate results with no statistically significant differences with the validated external standards calibration for the quantification of bead-contained and noncontained lanthanides, being BaQS and BiRM simpler, faster, more efficient, and ready to be applied to already acquired data with no additional measurements needed.</div></div></div></div></div></div>

Quantitative Single-Cell Multielemental Analysis Using Metal-Loaded Microparticles: toward a Universal Quantification Workflow in Mass Cytometry

In the week from August 31, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Technology Networks: Modern Methods for Faster Microbial Analysis</h5><ul><li>Tu, 1.9.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/webinar/6454">Registration</a></li></ul>Struggling to choose the right technique for microbial testing? Learn how MALDI-TOF, FTIR, and automated DNA/RNA electrophoresis accelerate identification.<h5>2. Agilent Technologies: ICP-MS for Hybrid Photoelectrode Characterization</h5><ul><li>Tu, 1.9.2026 21:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/webinar/6411">Registration</a></li></ul>Quantify catalyst loading on hybrid photoelectrodes and discover how the Agilent 7850 ICP-MS supports solar fuel research.<h5>3. SciY/Mestrelab Research: From Legacy Workflows to Paperless Labs: Track Every Sample, Process, and Decision</h5><ul><li>Th, 3.9.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/webinar/6425">Registration</a></li></ul>Transform your lab from paper to digital. Learn how WebLab and LIMS workflows automate sample tracking and support laboratory compliance.<h5>4. Agilent Technologies: Learn to Select and Apply the Proper Internal Standard in ICP-OES</h5><ul><li>Th, 3.9.2026 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/webinar/6412">Registration</a></li></ul>Master the use of internal standards in ICP-OES and learn how to select suitable standards to correct matrix effects and signal drift.

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DataApex Clarity Offline Chromatography Software

Clarity Offline allows users to import previously acquired data and to evaluate and prepare methods in regulated environment.

Clarity Offline allows users to import previously acquired data and to evaluate and prepare methods. This version cannot acquire data, but it can share data or even directly access (through LAN) projects of the <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> and Clarity Lite software. With Clarity Offline users are able to work with acquired data on additional computers in the lab or at home. The software works with the same files and provides the same outputs (printing and exporting) as Clarity and Clarity Lite.
Clarity Offline is intended for use as additional software that supplements Clarity and Clarity Lite. It can also be used to evaluate data from other manufacturers&#39; CDS.
<blockquote>
Ask for <a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-demo">Clarity Demo version</a> which allows you to get your hands on software before purchase
</blockquote>
<h3>Main features</h3>
<ul>
<li>21 CFR Part 11 compliance: Clarity Offline contains all functions (Electronic Signatures, User Accounts, Audit Trail, etc.) for compliance with the 21 CFR Part 11 directive of the FDA. Clarity Offline can be used for evaluation in regulated environments.
</li>
<li>Networked Solution: Clarity Offline can access files of Clarity and Clarity Lite installed on networked computers. This enables evaluation of chromatograms, development of new methods, and printing reports on additional computers in the laboratory.
</li>
<li>Education: An additional field of use is in education. Students can process chromatograms that have been acquired from Clarity connected to a chromatograph using their Clarity Offline license. Thus they do not need a Clarity full license just for data evaluation.
</li>
<li>Data processing and evaluation from other chromatography software: Clarity Offline allows the import of data from other chromatography software using text or AIA import function. This allows the user to process and evaluate chromatograms acquired by other chromatography software.
</li>
<li>Offsite computer: Clarity Offline can be installed on any Windows computer, giving you anytime access to your chromatographic data (USB hardware key is required).
</li>
<li>Language Localizations available: Useful for non-English speakers. At the moment, there are French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese localizations available in a single installation package. Simply switch to your preferred language anytime.
</li>
</ul>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls">List of supported instruments</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-std-compatibility">Compatible Windows OS and Hardware</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-21cfr-compliance">Clarity 21 CFR Part 11 compliance</a>

DataApex EA - Elemental Analysis Extension for Clarity

Using features that are specific to EA Analysis, such as Standard Table, automatic weight input from analytical balance and other improvements, EA Extension provides an interactive and automated tool for determining the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur (CHNS-O) content of unknowns.

<h3>The extension for elemental analysis</h3>
EA Extension is a software module for Elemental Analysis. Determining the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulphur (CHNS-O) content of unknowns is one of the most basic and essential needs of any chemist. It provides a simplified version of the <a href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> user interface that speeds up the workflow with elemental analyzers equipped with autosamplers. Its user interface is optimized for maximum efficiency in repetitive tasks. Using features that are specific to EA Analysis, such as Standard Table, automatic weight input from analytical balance and other improvements, EA Extension provides an interactive and automated tool for determining the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur (CHNS-O) content of unknowns.
<h3>Main features</h3>
<ul>
<li>Calibration: Simplified work with template method and calibration. One setting is shared for all samples in the same sequence.
</li>
<li>Standard Table: For your convenience, the software contains Standard Table with a list of the most commonly used calibration standards and their elemental composition.
</li>
<li>Reporting: Clarity EA supports the printing of user defined protocols. Its configuration is saved in a report style, which defines the content and form through the printout. Protocols can be printed to the PDF file.
</li>
<li>Analytical balance: The Clarity Elemental Analysis Software provides direct interface with the analytical balance (Sartorius and Mettler). After weighing the sample, the operator presses the print key on the balance (or uses software instruction) to directly transfer the sample weight to the software sample information field thereby eliminating any possible transcription errors.
</li>
<li>Sequence Table: Measurement is managed using the Sequence Table. The Summary Table displays results clearly. ASCII and AIA data formats can be exported or imported directly.
</li>
<li>Database: Results can be exported in the .txt and .dbf format.
</li>
</ul>

DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software

Clarity is a chromatography data software for data acquisition, processing, and instrument control in regulated environment. Clarity is a flexible solution for devices from different vendors, supporting different applications.

Optional control modules provide integrated control of selected instruments such as GCs, LCs, pumps, detectors, autosamplers, etc. Extensions provide functions for specific separation techniques or calculations such as PDA, GPC analysis, Mass spectrometry, or SST. Clarity can run in English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese language. Support technicians and developers are close to their users and ready to provide extensive Support from DataApex.
<blockquote>
Ask for <a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-demo">Clarity Demo version</a> which allows you to get your hands on software before purchase
</blockquote>
<h3>Main features</h3>
<ul>
<li>Measuring: Simultaneous data acquisition from up to four independent chromatographs, each chromatograph can acquire data from up to 32 detectors.
</li>
<li>Integration: There is an extensive possibility to modify chromatograms. The chromatogram can be changed by entering global parameters or interactively through direct graphic modification of the baseline.
</li>
<li>Overlay: Simultaneously displays a virtually unlimited number of chromatograms and their mathematical modification; for example, mutual deductions or derivations of any order.
</li>
<li>Calibration: Internal and external standard calculation methods, calibration of groups of peaks, and reference peaks method for better identification.
</li>
<li>Wide range of supported instruments: Control modules in Clarity allow users to control various instruments in their lab. See our growing <a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls">List of supported instruments</a>.
</li>
<li>Extensions completing your workflow: Clarity Extensions integrates your workflow into one application. GPC calculations, PDA data processing, gas or detailed hydrocarbon analyses according to selected norms, and much more.
</li>
<li>Automated measuring support: Sequence tables for any set of samples with or without an autosampler.
</li>
<li>Postrun: Automatically displays, prints, exports, and starts other programs after the completion of a measurement.
</li>
<li>Summary result tables: Displays and prints selected results from all simultaneously displayed chromatograms.
</li>
<li>User settings: User selects parameters for peak display and the specification for axes, including color from an extensive array of color settings. Text labels and lines, either as part of the area or anchored to a chromatogram, may also be inserted.
</li>
<li>Export: Optional exportation of all results, with or without the chromatogram, in various formats, into a file or clipboard.
</li>
<li>Import: Imports chromatograms or mathematical curves, which have been saved in text or AIA formats, from other programs.
</li>
<li>LIMS: Clarity offers connectivity with LIMS, both for sample submission and result output. This can be done via convenient ASCII transfers.
</li>
<li>Method and calibration history: Each chromatogram can easily be displayed under the same conditions as when it was printed, exported, or saved.
</li>
<li>Column performance: Calculations of peaks in terms of symmetry, efficiency, resolution; all by several methods (tangent, moments, etc.).
</li>
<li>Batch: Automatically batch processes, displays, exports, or prints any number of chromatograms.
</li>
<li>User calculations: Users can define custom calculations in the Result and Summary tables. Using the integrated editor, you can create your own columns from original columns and individual mathematical functions.
</li>
<li>User accounts: Sets up access rights and passwords (including their parameters, e.g., minimum length, validity, etc.). Each user can define his or her own appearance of the software.
</li>
<li>Audit trail: Records selected events and operations into a special file. Records selected operations directly into a chromatogram.
</li>
<li>Electronic signature: Each chromatogram can be signed electronically. Signature selection is based on the username or the signature certificate.
</li>
<li>Networked Solution: Clarity chromatography software files can be accessed from networked computers using Clarity Offline software. This enables the offline evaluation of chromatograms, development of new methods, and printing reports. See the <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1000">Clarity Offline</a> for more details.
</li>
<li>Language Localizations available: Useful for non-English speakers. At the moment, there are French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese localizations available in a single installation package. Simply switch to your preferred language anytime.
</li>
<li>Competitive approach: The chromatography market offers many specialized HPLC data systems or GC data systems; these are often provided with the purchased instrument. It is usually complicated to integrate such software into the workflow of the laboratory since they do not enable direct control of additional instruments. Compared to other small-scale solutions, Clarity offers a wide range of directly controlled instruments as well as optional Extensions for specific separation techniques. On the other hand, complex solutions with a wide scope of features and scalable design are quite expensive, which is a limiting factor for many customers. Another drawback of the large solutions is their complexity which imposes high demands on users. Compared to this, Clarity represents a scalable medium-ranged solution with a steep learning curve and competitive prices.
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Clarity configurations examples</h3>
<h4>One chromatograph with two detectors</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_Clarity_configurations_examples_One_chromatograph_with_two_detectors_ae482b83b8/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-Clarity-configurations-examples-One-chromatograph-with-two-detectors.jpg" alt="DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software: Clarity configurations examples - One chromatograph with two detectors.jpg"/>
<ul>
<li>The HPLC measures on two detectors. Clarity will acquire two separate signals sharing a common timebase (synchronized START/STOP). A resulting chromatogram will contain two signals.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Two chromatographs, one with multiple detectors</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_Clarity_configurations_examples_Two_chromatographs_one_with_multiple_detectors_b21dc07faf/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-Clarity-configurations-examples-Two-chromatographs-one-with-multiple-detectors.jpg" alt="DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software: Clarity configurations examples - Two chromatographs, one with multiple detectors.jpg"/>
<ul>
<li>This example displays a configuration with two chromatography systems (GC + HPLC) where the HPLC system uses multiple detectors. All the detectors attached to the HPLC Instrument will share common timebase (synchronized START/STOP). The GC detector will be independent.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Two chromatographs, one digital control</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_Clarity_configurations_examples_Two_chromatographs_one_digital_control_1bf9cec334/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-Clarity-configurations-examples-Two-chromatographs-one-digital-control.jpg" alt="DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software: Clarity configurations examples - Two chromatographs, one digital control.jpg"/> This example displays a configuration with two chromatography systems (GC + LC). The GC is connected and controlled via digital interface *, using a GC Control appropriate module.
<h4>Four chromatographs with autosampler each</h4>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_Clarity_configurations_examples_Four_chromatographs_with_autosampler_each_945873d808/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-Clarity-configurations-examples-Four-chromatographs-with-autosampler-each.jpg" alt="DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software: Clarity configurations examples - Four chromatographs with autosampler each.jpg"/>
<ul>
<li>This example displays a configuration with two chromatography systems (GC + LC). The GC is connected and controlled via digital interface *, using a GC Control appropriate module.</li>
</ul>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls">List of supported instruments</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-std-compatibility">Compatible Windows OS and Hardware</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-21cfr-compliance">Clarity 21 CFR Part 11 compliance</a>

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