🎤 Presenter: Robert Cody (JEOL USA INC, PEABODY, MA, USA)💾 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/FL_19_CODY_Wed_1330_Pyrolysis_and_GC_GC_MS_2091eb1450.pdf">PDF presentation</a><blockquote>💡 Book in your calendar: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/events/787">17th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW)</a> 13 - 15. January 2026</blockquote><h3>Abstract</h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=8-11">Thermal desorption and pyrolysis </a>(TD/PY) is a valuable sample introduction method for materials analysis with combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Polymers can be identified by their characteristic pyrograms, and a database is available for the major pyrolysis products. However, pyrolysis produces much more complex mixtures than can be separated by one-dimensional gas chromatography alone!Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2-3">GC×GC-MS</a>) is a useful approach to monitor pyrolysis reactions on a small scale and characterize the products of pilot-plant pyrolysis. High-resolution mass spectrometry and soft ionization methods (chemical ionization, photoionization, and field ionization) are essential tools for the identification of unknowns in these complex mixtures. To view things from a completely different perspective, soft ionization and pyrolysis with a deactivated fused silica column that provides no GC separation shows high-molecular-weight pyrolysis products that are not detectable by GC-MS or GC×GC-MS.

Pyrolysis and GC×GC-MS. A hot topic! (Robert Cody, MDCW 2025)

PAH Induction upon Pyrolysis of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene-Based Solid Rocket Fuels

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 44, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 8th December 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies and Thermo Fisher Scientific and other document by Shimadzu!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: High-Precision Determination of Four Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Using the Agilent 8890 GC</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_monitoring_greenhouse_gas_8890_gc_5994_8744en_agilent_0e08f0909f.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Currently, China is actively implementing dual-control measures on total energy consumption and intensity. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued "The 14th Five-Year Plan for Ecological and Environmental Monitoring", which specifically highlights the advancement of technologies for direct measurement of carbon emissions. It calls for organizing pilot projects in multiple key industries and enterprises to monitor greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide and methane, establishing greenhouse gas monitoring networks in key cities, and upgrading the greenhouse gas monitoring capabilities of national atmospheric background stations. As a result, conducting greenhouse gas monitoring within the environmental protection stations of provinces and cities has become a critical task.The use of GC for detecting greenhouse gases has a long history. The conventional methods used gas sampling valve for injection, TCD and FID for sequential detection of CO2 and CH4 , or combining a methanizer with an FID to detect CO2 and CH4 in one analytical channel and detecting N2O on ECD in another analytical channel.2 The analytical precision for CO2, CH4, and N2 O achieved with such configurations typically ranges from 0.2% to 0.5%, but it is difficult to obtain precision better than 0.1%, which does not meet the current requirements for greenhouse gas monitoring accuracy and precision. Moreover, the traditional methods rarely report analytical precision for SF6 at ppt concentration levels. To monitor trace levels of CO2 , CH4, N2O, and ultratrace levels of SF6 on the same GC system with high-precision results, it is necessary to optimize multiple factors included in sample injection, separation, and detection. Furthermore, the system configuration must be flexible enough to allow expansion for future analytical needs, such as incorporating trace CO analysis in air. This work demonstrates how the 8890&nbsp;GC achieves high-precision analysis of four key greenhouse gases by optimizing the injection volume, controlling injection reproducibility, and utilizing multichannel separation and high-sensitivity detectors to ensure the system runs stably in long‑term operation.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>Instrumental&nbsp;</h5>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=8890+GC">8890 GC</a> is configured as a three-channel/multivalve/multicolumn system, enabling independent analysis of four greenhouse gases—CH4 , CO2 , N2O, and SF6 —within 8 minutes using a single injection. The target compounds are analyzed in separate channels, reducing chromatographic peak broadening and thereby improving sensitivity and&nbsp;repeatability.&nbsp;<ul><li>For CO2 analysis, a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=methanizer">methanizer</a> is used to convert CO2 to CH4 , which is then detected by FID. The system eliminates the need for dehydration through backflushing and venting operation via switching valves, preventing interference from moisture and oxygen in the air and extending the lifespan of the methanizer.&nbsp;</li><li>For N2O and SF6 analysis, the ECD with hidden anode design is used for high‑sensitivity detection and strong anti‑contaminant capability.&nbsp;</li><li>The CH4 analysis is conducted on a single column with a dedicated large injection loop, significantly enhancing detection sensitivity and repeatability, achieving a detection limit for methane as low as single-digit ppb levels.</li></ul><h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Based on its exceptional pneumatic control and valve-based flow path design, the multivalve/multicolumn Agilent 8890 GC system achieves high-sensitivity and high-precision measurements of four key greenhouse gases. This is accomplished through optimized and precise control of sample flow rate/volume, selection of premium analytical columns, and the use of highly stable and robust FID and ECD. Standard gas samples of CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, and SF6 , with concentrations equivalent to atmospheric levels, were measured continuously 10 times. The measurement precision for these gases was better than 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.1%, and 0.5%, respectively, fully meeting the high-precision monitoring requirements of environmental monitoring stations at various levels for target greenhouse gases. Compared to other monitoring solutions, this approach is based on a stable and reliable gas chromatography platform that is technically easier to master and deploy. It represents a trusted solution developed by Agilent to assist in establishing a greenhouse gas monitoring network in China.<h3>2. Shimadzu: GC/MS Mass Spectra Library - Polymer Additives Library Ver.2</h3><ul><li>Other document</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c146_e506_d4c93c4d60.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>Contains Approximately 5,800 Mass Spectra&nbsp;</h4>This library consists of a library*, which contains 5,775 mass spectra for 590 types of polymer additives and GC/MS pyrolysates from the pyrolysis GC/MS analysis of additives, and a library containing the mass spectra for 65 compounds often targeted for analysis, selected based on their usage in the commercial market, and chemical substance regulatory information. In total, this product contains 5,840 mass spectra, which provides strong support for the analysis of polymer additives. In Ver.2, the compound registration has been newly enhanced, for example vulcanizing accelerators utilized in the rubber filed. Approximately 1,000 spectra have been added.&nbsp;*ADD-MS22B F-Search Additives Library from Frontier Laboratories<h4>Can Be Used with a Variety of GC/MS Systems&nbsp;</h4>The library can be used for a variety of GC/MS applications, including pyrolysis GC/MS, which is widely used for the analysis of additives in polymer materials, and liquid sample injection GC/MS. It supports a wide range of additive analysis for customers.<h4>Library Specifications</h4><ul><li>Registered compounds: 5,775+65&nbsp;</li><li>Registered information: Mass spectrum, retention index for each analytical condition, compound name, molecular weight, compositional formula, structural formula, classification of additives</li><li>Applicable models: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=GCMS-QP2050">GCMS-QP™ serie</a>s, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=GCMS-TQ8050">GCMS-TQ™ series</a> (This library does not include MS/MS spectra.)&nbsp;</li><li>Pyrolyzer (Pyrolysis analysis system): <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=43&amp;search=PY-2020D">PY-2020D</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=43&amp;search=PY-2020iD">PY-2020iD</a>, and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=43&amp;search=EGA%2FPY-3030D">EGA/PY-3030D</a></li><li>Workstations: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=GCMSsolution">GCMSsolution</a>™ Ver. 4.6 and later, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=LabSolutions+GCMS">LabSolutions™ GCMS</a>™ Ver. 5.131 and later, LabSolutions DB/CS GCMS Ver. 6.131 and later</li></ul><h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Trace analysis of epichlorohydrin in drinking water using GC-MS coupled with purge and trap</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_003894_gc_single_quad_isq_7610_environmental_an003894_na_en_70123385ae.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is a versatile starting material in the production of drugs and polymers and is also used as an insect fumigant and solvent for organic synthesis reactions. ECH-based polymer pipes are commonly used in the production of drinking water due to their durability and resistance to corrosion. However, ECH is known for its high reactivity and toxicity, which poses significant health risks if it contaminates drinking water. Exposure to ECH can cause respiratory issues, skin irritation, and has been classified as a probable human carcinogen.1Due to these risks, many countries have imposed strict limits on the amount of ECH allowed in drinking water. Recently, Europe set a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 30 parts per trillion (ppt) for ECH in drinking water.2 Whereas typically required detection limits for most compounds mandated for analysis in Europe can be achieved using methods based on static headspace, the stringent MDL required for ECH requires preconcentration, for example using purge and trap (P&amp;T) technology.3,4 This technology involves purging the water sample with an inert gas to release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are then trapped and concentrated for analysis, ensuring reliable detection at very low concentrations. In the United States, the analysis of VOCs in drinking water is mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA requires the use of P&amp;T technology for drinking water analysis to ensure that even trace amounts of harmful compounds like ECH are detected and managed appropriately.&nbsp;The following evaluation describes the use of the ISQ 7610 Single Quadrupole MS system coupled with the Thermo Scientific™ TRACE™ 1610 GC with the Thermo Scientific™ HeSaver-H2 Safer™ split/splitless injector and Teledyne LABS Tekmar Lumin P&amp;T concentrator combined with the AQUATek LVA autosampler for the analysis of ECH in drinking water.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>GC-MS parameters&nbsp;</h5>A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/486">TRACE 1610 GC</a> was coupled to the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/484">ISQ 7610 MS</a> equipped with the Thermo Scientific™ NeverVent ™ vacuum probe interlock (VPI) and an ExtractaBrite ion source. A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1773">Thermo Scientific™ TraceGOLD™ TG-VMS column</a>, 30 m × 0.25 mm, 1.4 µm film (P/N 26080-3320) was used for compound separation. The HeSaver-H2 Safer SSL injector was utilized to reduce the carrier gas consumption by decoupling the gas used for the chromatographic separation from the gas used to pressurize the inlet and maintain split and purge flows. The critical separations were maintained with a run time of under 15 minutes.For this analysis, the ISQ 7610 MS was operated in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode for increased selectivity, as required for this application. Extended method parameters for the ISQ 7610 MS are shown in Table 2.<h5>Instrument control and data processing&nbsp;</h5>Data was acquired, processed, and reported using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/76">Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</a>. This software can control both the GC-MS system and the Tekmar Lumin P&amp;T with the AQUATek LVA. This allows a single software to be utilized for the full workflow, simplifying the instrument operation. This application note is available for download via the Thermo Scientific™ AppsLab Library, which contains all the parameters needed to acquire, process, and report the analytical data for analysis of ECH.5<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This study demonstrates the capability of the Tekmar Lumin P&amp;T with the AQUATek LVA system connected to the ISQ 7610 Single Quadrupole GC-MS to detect and quantify low-level ECH in drinking water samples, in compliance with EPA requirements.&nbsp;<ul><li>Utilizing the Tekmar Lumin P&amp;T’s ability to purge with nitrogen, along with using the HeSaver-H₂Safer SSL injector, nearly four times less helium was consumed during the analysis without sacrificing system performance.&nbsp;</li><li>The linearity of the calibration curve from 30 ppt to 5,000 ppt passed method requirements.</li><li>The application proved robust during an extended study with 20 samples of a 1,000 ppt ECH standard injected over a series of 124 injections, obtaining 4.4% precision and 118% accuracy of the recovery.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 50, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 15th December 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu and brochure by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Increased Thermal Stability of the DB‑5Q GC Column</h3>Increased signal-to-noise for trace level concentrations of controlled substances<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_stability_gc_column_5994_8658en_agilent_4c52ae52cf.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The analysis of controlled substances by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) requires a high level of confidence and thus requires a method that provides optimal data quality. Identification of controlled substances relies heavily on comparison of mass spectra to commercially available spectral libraries, and increased column bleed can cause spectral interference at high temperatures. These interferences can lead to poor library matching probabilities.1-3 The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=J%26W+5Q">Agilent J&amp;W 5Q series</a> of gas chromatography columns provide the most thermally stable columns available, which helps to decrease spectral interference due to column bleed and improves data accuracy.&nbsp;Poor thermal stability will cause an increase in the slope of the baseline as the oven temperature is increased, leading to difficult peak integrations and inaccurate quantitation. Additionally, sloped or elevated baselines can lead to a decreased response and a loss of sensitivity for analytes eluting during the oven ramp or at the method’s upper temperature limits. Several commercially available 5ms type columns were compared to the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=J%26W+DB-5Q">Agilent J&amp;W DB-5Q GC column</a> to examine the impact thermal stability has on response at upper temperature limits.&nbsp;<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4>An <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890+GC">Agilent 8890 GC system</a> coupled with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5977B">Agilent 5977B mass selective detector (GC/MSD)</a> with an inert extractor ion source was used for acquisition of data and MassHunter 10.0 Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis software was used for data analysis.&nbsp;A representative toxicology mixture, the Agilent GC/MS forensic toxicology checkout mixture (part number 5190-0471) was used to monitor analytical performance. Calibration standards were prepared in methanol (MeOH) at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3.0&nbsp;μg/mL. An internal standard mix was prepared at 10&nbsp;μg/mL from individual stocks of methamphetamine-d3, diazepam-d5, and hydrocodone-d6 all purchased from Millipore Sigma (St.&nbsp;Louis, MO).<h4>Results and discussion&nbsp;</h4>The testing evaluated the Agilent J&amp;W DB-5Q GC column for the analysis of controlled substances by GC/MS. The increased thermal stability of the DB-5Q is seen in the decreased baseline at higher temperatures, as seen in Figure&nbsp;1, and also provides a decrease in the slope during the oven ramping program.&nbsp;An increase in the slope of the baseline will also decrease the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of an analyte but will also make integration more difficult and lead to less accurate quantitative results. Figure 2 demonstrates the comparison of the DB-5Q and the commercially available 5ms type G column, and the impact to chromatography during the oven ramp. The S/N for the analytes on the oven ramp slope are a factor of ten or greater for the DB-5Q in comparison to the 5ms type G column.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The increased thermal stability of the Agilent J&amp;W DB-5Q GC column demonstrated in this application note provides a decreased baseline at higher temperatures, which allows for an increased response for later eluting compounds at trace level concentrations. The baseline of the DB-5Q remains more consistent as the temperature is increased. This consistency allows for more accurate integration and quantitation for analytes eluting during oven ramping, in comparison to other commercially available 5ms-type columns. The robust DB-5Q column phase maintained peak shape for trace level basic compounds even when stressed with a heavy matrix and is an excellent choice for the analysis of controlled substance&nbsp;analysis.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Quantitative Analysis of Anti-Degradant Additive (6PPD) in Tire Rubber Using Pyrolysis-GC-MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00952_en_b95b2348e5.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>The simple analysis procedure required just cutting off a sample fragment and placing it in a sample cup without pretreatment.</li><li>Utilizing a calibration standard that includes a resin solution allows for analysis under conditions that closely resemble those of samples, which improves the reliability of quantitative measurements.</li><li>With Shimadzu’s Polymer Additive Library, it is possible to acquire information on the additives of identified compounds.</li></ul>6PPD (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) is an anti-degradant (anti-oxidant) additive that is used in many rubber products. Its chemical structure is shown in Fig. 1. It plays an important role in tires by preventing degradation and extending its lifespan. However, when 6PPD reacts with ozone in the atmosphere, it forms a highly toxic substance called 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q).&nbsp;As an automotive tire wears, microscopic particles are released from the tire into the environment. These particles, tire road wear particles (TRWP), contain 6PPD-Q along with many other chemical substances. On rainy days, these particles are washed into rivers and other bodies of water, where they accumulate in the environment as microplastics.&nbsp;There are serious concerns about the negative effects these microplastics have on ecosystems and the environment. 6PPDQ has been shown to induce acute mortality in Salmonidae fish, specifically coho salmon. 1)&nbsp;Currently, there is no commercial alternative that can maintain tire stability and performance with minimal impact on the environment. Research into alternatives requires accurately assessing 6PPD levels in rubber products and objectively determining whether alternative compounds offer equivalent stability and performance while having a reduced impact on the environment.&nbsp;This article describes using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (Py-GC-MS) system to measure 6PPD levels in tire rubber.<h4>Analysis Process&nbsp;</h4>ISO/TS 21396describes a method for determining the mass concentration of TRWP in soil and sediment that uses Py-GC-MS. Similar to this method, Py-GC-MS was used for the analysis; however, this article employs optimized analytical conditions. A schematic diagram of the analysis processisshown in Fig. 2. For more information on the analysis conditions and results from the evolved gas analysis (EGA-MS, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=42&amp;search=EGA%2FPY-3030D">EGA/PY-3030D Multi-Shot Pyrolyzer AS-1020E Auto-Shot Sampler</a>, Frontier Laboratories Ltd.) method described in Fig. 2, please see Application News No. 01-00901. The analysis conditions for the thermal desorption (TD)-GC/MS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2020+NX">GCMS-QP2020 NX</a>) method used in this article are shown in Table 1. The thermal desorption temperature was chosen based on results obtained by the EGA-MS method.<h4>Qualitative Analysis of Additive&nbsp;</h4>The total ion current (TIC) chromatogram obtained from analyzing the tire rubber is shown in Fig. 4. A spectral library search was also performed using NIST-23 and Shimadzu’s Polymer Additives Library. The library search results for the peak that eluted at around 10.43 minutes are shown in Fig. 5. Based on the results from Shimadzu’s Polymer Additives Library, the peak was estimated to be the anti-degradant Nocrac 6C (a trade name for the chemical 6PPD).<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This article presents an analysis of the additive 6PPD in tire rubber utilizing Py-GC-MS. Good results were obtained for calibration curve linearity, calibration standard repeatability, limit of quantification, and limit of detection. Shimadzu’s Polymer Additives Library was used to identify the additive.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Gas chromatography analyzers for the oil &amp; gas industry: upstream to downstream</h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/br_003966_gc_analyzers_trace_1610_industrial_br003966_na_en_44ad1327c6.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Gas chromatography (GC) plays a central role in the oil and gas industry, providing high-accuracy, high-speed analysis of complex hydrocarbon mixtures from upstream exploration through midstream transport to downstream refining and distribution. Across this value chain, GC supports regulatory compliance, product quality control, custody transfer, and process optimization. As the industry adapts to decarbonization goals and stricter environmental regulations, robust and automated analytical solutions have become essential for monitoring hydrocarbons, impurities, and trace components under demanding 24/7 operational conditions.Thermo Scientific™ GC analyzers are engineered to meet these challenges, with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/486">TRACE™ 1610 GC</a> platform forming the backbone of a comprehensive portfolio of preconfigured and customizable systems. Its modular “Instant Connect” design enables rapid configuration of injectors, detectors, and valves, reducing downtime and simplifying maintenance. The platform supports multi-detector configurations—including FID, TCD, FPD, PDD, MS, and VUV—allowing a single analyzer to address a broad range of applications, from natural gas composition and BTU determination to sulfur species, fixed gases, and detailed hydrocarbon analysis .Dedicated GC analyzer configurations are available for specific industry needs, including natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGA/NGL), refinery gas analysis (RGA), light hydrocarbons (LPG), oxygenates, aromatics (BTEX), permanent gases, and high-purity gas streams. Advanced techniques such as GC-VUV further simplify complex analyses like PIONA group-type characterization of gasoline, delivering comprehensive compositional data in a single run while reducing calibration effort and cost per sample. These systems are designed to comply with major ASTM, ISO, GPA, DIN, EN, and UOP standards, ensuring global regulatory alignment .Complementing the hardware, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/76">Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</a> provides an integrated informatics backbone for method control, data processing, reporting, and connectivity to LIMS platforms. This unified approach enhances data integrity, improves workflow efficiency, and enables real-time decision-making across refinery and gas processing operations. Together, Thermo Scientific GC analyzers and integrated software solutions deliver reliable, scalable, and future-ready analytics for the evolving oil and gas industry.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 51, 2025

A highly sensitive and selective method was developed for quantifying nano- and microplastics (NMPs) in water, sediments, and biological tissues using pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Dynamic multiple reaction monitoring and internal standard calibration enabled nanogram-level quantification of 12 common polymers following matrix-specific sample preparation.The method addressed matrix interferences through tailored cleanup strategies, signal enhancement with calcium carbonate, and correction of lipid-derived interferences for major polymers. Application to environmental samples from the Gulf of Mexico and the Texas coast demonstrated reliable detection of NMPs across diverse matrices, supporting high-throughput monitoring of plastic pollution.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05604">Rapid and Sensitive Quantification of Nano- and Microplastics in Water, Sediment, and Biological Tissue by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Dynamic Reaction Monitoring</a></h4>M. Bryan Gahn*, Marcus Wharton, Asif Mortuza, David Hala, Christopher D. Marshall, Karl Kaiser*Anal. Chem. 2026, 98, 1, 633–641<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05604">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05604</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.Global plastic production has surged over the past half-century, rising from approximately 1.3 Mt in 1950 to approximately 359 Mt in 2018. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> This increase has led to a growing concern regarding plastic pollution, particularly nano and microplastics (NMPs). Microplastics are generally defined as plastic particles with a maximum dimension of ≤ 5 mm, while nanoplastics typically range from 1 to 1000 nm in size. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> NMPs encompass a wide variety of polymer particles that originate either from direct manufacture (e.g., microbeads and synthetic textiles) or from environmental degradation processes (e.g., photooxidation and mechanical abrasion) of larger plastic debris (i.e., macroplastics, &gt;5 mm). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a>NMPs are ubiquitous in the environment. They have been detected from Antarctic coast sediments to Arctic ice sheets, the summit of Mt. Everest to the depths of the Mariana Trench, and have been found in organisms across all trophic levels, including humans. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4−10)</a> The pervasive presence of NMPs has raised significant ecological and human health concerns. NMPs can act as vectors for environmental pollutants. Hydrophobic organic contaminants (e.g., PCBs and PAHs) readily adsorb onto their surfaces, and plastics additives such as phthalates and flame retardants can leach into surrounding media (e.g., water, sediment, tissue). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> Even without associated harmful chemicals, the physical presence of NMPs can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species in cells, resulting in an inflammatory response. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Given the widespread NMP pollution and its complex ecological ramifications, there is a critical need for more robust high-throughput quantitative methods to accurately assess NMPs in diverse matrices.Numerous analytical techniques have been employed for the detection and quantification of NMPs, which often combine traditional microscopy with advanced spectroscopic and molecular approaches. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> These methods yield either estimates of particle counts or mass-based concentrations normalized to sample volume or weight. Prior to analysis, most methods require extensive chemical or enzymatic digestion and subsequent cleanup steps to isolate plastic particles and reduce matrix complexity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14,15)</a> Particle count-based methods encompass optical microscopy, laser diffraction particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a> These methods provide quantitative estimates of particle abundance across the entire size spectrum of NMPs, and some can also differentiate between plastic types.Thermal decomposition coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an increasingly utilized technique for the analysis of NMPs. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17,18)</a> Pyrolysis-based methods thermally decompose plastic polymers in samples under oxygen-free conditions at temperatures exceeding 500 °C generating characteristic volatile fragments. These fragments are then separated by gas chromatography and detected by mass spectrometry with high sensitivity and specificity. As with other analytical techniques, pyrolysis-GC-MS (PyGC-MS) performance can be improved by incorporating sample cleanup steps prior to analysis to remove interfering organic and inorganic constituents. Matrix interference can often lead to misidentification of plastic polymer types and disrupt the pyrolysis process, ultimately compromising analytical accuracy and precision. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> For example, lipids in biological tissues can yield similar combustion products to those of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and nylon-66 (N-66). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20)</a>Improvements that enable more reliable quantification of NMPs at ultralow concentrations by PyGC-MS include optimized sample treatment methodologies that include the addition of reactants to improve pyrolysis efficiency of plastic polymers, and the application of advanced mass spectrometric methods. Quantification of NMPs at trace levels is often constrained by the minimum weight limits of analytical balances, as calibration relies on the mass of particulate standards. This limitation has been addressed by using inert fillers, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or clean quartz sand that are mixed with plastic standards to produce weighable calibration standards down to the nanogram level. While single-quadrupole mass detectors are widely used due to their simplicity and low cost, they offer limited sensitivity and are less sensitive in complex matrices. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21)</a>The application of time-of-flight and orbitrap mass spectrometry, as well as modern triple-quadrupole mass detectors, promises improved sensitivity and specificity of NMP quantification in complex matrices. These highly selective detectors enable precise mass determination, reducing ambiguity in peak identification and enhancing the ability to differentiate plastics from natural organic matter commonly present in environmental samples. Time of flight and orbitrap mass spectrometers support untargeted screening and identification of emerging or unknown plastic-related compounds, while triple-quadrupole instruments excel in targeted quantification with high throughput and reproducibility, which are advantageous features for routine monitoring. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(22−24)</a> Compared to traditional methods such as FTIR or Raman spectroscopy, modern mass spectrometric approaches are better equipped to address the challenges posed by complex sample matrices, diverse plastic compositions, and trace-level concentrations, making them essential tools for future NMP analysis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(25,26)</a>Here we present a novel analytical method for the identification and quantification of NMPs in diverse environmental matrices that include marine waters, sediments, and biological tissues by using pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (PyGC-qQq-MS). Depending on the sample matrix, NMPs were concentrated through filtration, extraction, or digestion prior to analysis. Gas chromatography with qQq-MS detection using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (DMRM) mode with an internal standard yielded significantly improved selectivity and sensitivity, enabling accurate and precise quantification of plastic polymers. Method validation demonstrated the robust performance of the method across diverse sample types, with reliable detection of NMPs at amounts of 1–126 ng and in the presence of significant matrix interference.<h4>Experimental Section</h4><h5>Pyrolysis GC/MS qQq-MS Analysis</h5>Pyrolysis gas chromatography was carried out with a Frontier Auto-Shot AS-2020E sampler and an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=42&amp;search=EGA%2FPY-3030D">EGA/PY-3030D multishot pyrolyzer</a> connected to an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890+gc">Agilent 8890 GC</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7010B">7010B qQq-MS</a>. Prior to pyrolysis at 600 °C, GF/F with particulates from water samples or digested tissues were spiked with PFS, which served as an internal standard. Filters were then transferred to Frontier Eco Cups and topped with 5 mg of CaCO3 and quartz wool to ensure proper packing. Redissolved sediment extracts were transferred directly into the Eco Cup LFs, dried under a gentle stream of N2, and packed with CaCO3 and quartz wool.<h4>Results and Discussion</h4><h5>Pyrograms</h5>The method was optimized to yield characteristic pyrolytic products of plastic polymers that were well resolved on a Frontier Ultra Alloy 5 column with a linear temperature program. Pyrograms of surface water, vertebrate and invertebrate tissue, and sediment samples, alongside a standard plastic mixture are shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05604#fig3">Figure 3</a>. Pyrolysis temperature was optimized to ensure efficient volatilization of polymers, and specific product ions were chosen to minimize matrix influence that can generate pyrolysis products with similar mass spectra. For each polymer, precursor and product ions were selected to minimize interference from natural polymers and characteristic fragmentation reactions. For polymers that primarily undergo depolymerization (e.g., PE, PP, PS, PMMA), the selected precursor ions corresponded to characteristic oligomeric or monomeric pyrolysis products, and the quantifier ions were derived from simple bond cleavages or rearrangement reactions. For example, PS pyrolysis products included mono, di-, and trimeric units with different retention times. Mono- and dimeric fragments had retention times and mass spectra that overlapped with matrix peaks of similar mass ions, whereas the trimeric PS fragment eluted without interference from matrix components.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2026_98_1_633_641_Figure_3_Pyrograms_of_A_Calibration_standard_composed_of_homogenized_mixture_containing_12_plastics_of_interest_ee999a5a40.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2026, 98, 1, 633–641: Figure 3. Pyrograms of (A) Calibration standard composed of homogenized mixture containing 12 plastics of interest; (B) Surface water samples collected in Galveston Bay (2019); (C) Mullet muscle tissue collected in Galveston Bay (2021); (D) Oyster tissue collected in Galveston Bay (2021); (E) Benthic sediment collected from Matagorda Bay (2023)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2026_98_1_633_641_Figure_3_Pyrograms_of_A_Calibration_standard_composed_of_homogenized_mixture_containing_12_plastics_of_interest_ee999a5a40.jpg 130w," sizes="100vw" width="1500" height="1798"><h5>QqQ-MS Detection and Quantification</h5>Optimal DMRM parameters for the detection of plastics were established using pure polymer standards (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05604#tbl1">Table 1</a>). Characteristic and abundant molecular precursor ions were identified for each plastic polymer and evaluated against natural polymers to minimize matrix interference. Fragmentation ions derived from these precursor ions were selected based on characteristic fragmentation reactions. The more abundant product ion was used for quantification, whereas the secondary ion was employed as the qualifier to monitor potential coelution with matrix compounds. Fragment losses usually corresponded to the loss of polymer subunits or dehydration reactions. Operating in DMRM mode improved sensitivity by maximizing acquisition time for each targeted analyte. Ratios of quantifier to qualifier ion (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05604/suppl_file/ac5c05604_si_001.pdf">Table S2</a>), together with retention times, ensured both compound identification and confirmation.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2026_98_1_633_641_Table_1_Plastic_Polymer_Abbreviations_d796d20f8b.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2026, 98, 1, 633–641: Table 1. Plastic Polymer Abbreviations, Relative Retention Times (RRT), Characteristic Ions, and Limit of Detection (LOD)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2026_98_1_633_641_Table_1_Plastic_Polymer_Abbreviations_d796d20f8b.jpg 213w," sizes="100vw" width="1073" height="784">Quantification of plastics was based on internal standard calibration using PFS as the internal standard. PFS was dissolved in toluene and added to the sample prior to pyrolysis. The use of deuterated polystyrene as an internal standard was explored; however, extensive hydrogen–deuterium exchange occurred during pyrolysis, leading to pyrolysis products with variable D/H content. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(31)</a> Similarly, attempts to use brominated polystyrene were unsuccessful, as bromine was readily lost from the polymer chain during pyrolysis, resulting in products indistinguishable from those of PS and others.Calibration at &lt;1 mg plastic mass was accomplished using plastic standards dispersed in CaCO3. The most consistent results were achieved with commercially available standard kits (e.g., Frontiers), which contain homogeneously distributed plastic polymers in CaCO3. Attempts to prepare homogeneous mixtures of plastic polymers in CaCO3 by ball milling finely ground plastics with CaCO3 yielded less consistent results than commercial standards.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study developed and validated a robust analytical workflow for the detection and quantification of NMPs across a diverse range of environmental matrices. The method demonstrated high sample throughput, robust compensation of matrix interference, and high precision and accuracy. This was accomplished through efficient sample cleanup procedures, internal standard calibration, tandem mass spectrometry, and a correction for lipid interference in the detection of PE, PP, and N-66. The applicability of the method was demonstrated on marine surface waters, sediments and soils, and muscle tissue of fishes and oysters. Results revealed quantifiable concentrations of plastics in all sample types emphasizing the pervasive and persistent nature of plastics in the environment and their bioaccumulation potential across trophic levels. This method provides a critical tool for studying NMPs in the environment, ecological risks, and potential impacts on human health.

Rapid and Sensitive Quantification of Nano- and Microplastics in Water, Sediment, and Biological Tissue by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Dynamic Reaction Monitoring

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 23rd March 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu, and Thermo Fisher Scientific and presentation by MDCW / Mount Royal University!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Epichlorohydrin in Drinking Water</h3>Using the Tekmar Atomx XYZ P&amp;T, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890">Agilent 8890 GC</a>, and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5977C">Agilent 5977C GC/MSD</a><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_epichlorohydrin_analysis_drinking_water_5994_8787en_agilent_9708db9a54.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The Tekmar Atomx XYZ is Teledyne LABS' most advanced P&amp;T system and is based on the time-tested Atomx instrument platform. The concentrator's efficient trap cooling design reduces sample cycle time by as much as 14% over the previous model. Combined with its 84-position soil and water autosampler, the result is more samples tested per 12-hour period. An innovative moisture control system (MCS) improves water vapor removal, thereby reducing peak interference and increasing GC column life span. In addition to other refinements, the Atomx XYZ incorporates a precision-machined valve manifold block to reduce potential leak sources and ensure the system is both reliable and robust.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This study demonstrates the capability of the Teledyne LABS Tekmar Atomx XYZ P&amp;T concentrator to process low‑level ECH in drinking water samples, with detection performed using an Agilent&nbsp;8890 GC and Agilent 5977C GC/MSD. The linearity of the calibration curve from 10 to 500&nbsp;ppt passed method requirements, including verification of the initial calibration curve. The 10&nbsp;ppt standard passed the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) within ± 50% of its true value, while all other calibration levels (&gt; LLOQ) passed within ± 30%. The blank following the highest point in the calibration curve passed method carryover requirements by remaining below half pf the LLOQ. Furthermore, the application proved robust during a long‑term study with 40 samples of a 30&nbsp;ppt ECH standard, achieving 4.3% precision and 92% accuracy of the&nbsp;recovery.<h3>2. MDCW / Mount Royal University: Selection, Optimization, and Validation of Thermal Desorption for analysis of VOCs and PAHs in Combustion Emissions</h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_21_Marx_a94d951603.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The study focused on optimizing and validating thermal desorption (TD) as a sampling technique for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated during combustion emissions, particularly from wildland fires. Smoke from these fires contains chemically complex mixtures of pollutants that can persist in the atmosphere and impact air quality over large geographic regions. Traditional sampling methods often emphasize particulate-bound compounds, while gas-phase organics—critical for understanding secondary organic aerosol formation—may be underrepresented. Thermal desorption was evaluated as a modern alternative capable of capturing both gas- and particle-phase compounds.To determine optimal sampling conditions, multiple sorbent tube configurations were compared using a mixture of 41 standard VOC and PAH compounds across various concentration levels. Performance metrics included analyte recovery, linearity, and detection limits. The results showed that multibed sorbent tubes significantly expanded analyte coverage and improved retention of combustion-related species. Additionally, factorial studies investigating conditioning and desorption parameters revealed that reducing temperature or duration did not improve artefact removal or analyte recovery, highlighting the importance of robust standardized conditions.The methodology was further evaluated through storage stability trials and real smoke emission sampling experiments. Samples demonstrated stable analyte retention for up to 35 days, supporting the suitability of TD sampling for field studies requiring delayed analysis. Validation experiments involving combustion of white spruce and analysis by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=6&amp;search=unity-xr">TD</a>-GC×GC-ToFMS produced highly detailed chromatographic data, identifying over 1 600 peaks per sample. Approximately 78 % of detected compounds fell within the C6–C14 range, while 19 of the 41 target analytes—including all PAHs and BTEX species—were successfully identified.Overall, the study confirmed that thermal desorption combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography offers a powerful approach for characterizing complex combustion emissions. The optimized multibed sorbent strategy and validated sampling workflow enable more accurate profiling of smoke-derived VOCs and PAHs, providing valuable insights into air quality impacts and atmospheric chemistry processes associated with large-scale wildfires.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Analysis of Base Material and Additives in Tire Rubber</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00901_en_7200aa4e86.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>With a split FPD(S) and MS detector system, sulfur compounds can be detected selectively and with high sensitivity by the FPD detector while being qualitatively analyzed simultaneously by the MS detector, which significantly reduces the time and effort required.</li><li>The LabSolutions GCMS system makes it easy to configure settings for complex detector splitting.</li><li>With evolved gas analysis, polymer materials can be inferred from thermogram average mass spectra.</li></ul>The rubber used in tires for automobiles, bicycles, and other types of tires needs to have high resistance to the weather, heat, and wear for long periods of use. But as the rubber wears, it mixes with mineral particles from the road to generate “tire and road wear particles” (TRWP). TRWP matter is known to be a type of microplastic that causes marine plastic pollution.&nbsp;TRWP can contain a large variety of substances, such as vulcanizing accelerators, antioxidants (such as 6PPD), and plasticizers, and when released into the environment, TRWP substances can be harmful to ecosystems. Therefore, to reduce the quantity of TRWP matter released, it is important to increase the wear resistance of tires. To achieve this, an assessment of the base materials and additives in rubber is essential. Among additives, vulcanizing accelerators in particular improve the physical properties of tires by promoting sulfur vulcanization reactions.&nbsp;This article analyzes the base materials in tire rubber and additives, such as vulcanizing accelerators and other sulfur components.<h4>Analysis Process Flow</h4>A pyrolysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (Py-GC-MS) system was used, as specified in the international standard ISO/TS 21396. 1) Simply placing cut-up samples in a sample cup (Fig. 1) enables direct analysis of samples without pretreatment. The analytical process flow isindicated in Fig. 2.<ul><li>Pyrolyzer Unit: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=42&amp;search=EGA%2FPY-3030D">EGA/PY-3030D</a> Multi-Shot Pyrolyzer AS-1020E Auto-Shot Sampler (Frontier Laboratories Ltd.)</li><li>GC-MS: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2020+NX">GCMS-QP2020 NX</a></li></ul><h4>Inferring Polymers</h4>The evolved gas analysis (EGA-MS) method uses pyrolyzer (Py) and mass spectrometer (MS) units linked via a deactivated metal tube to heat samples to continuously increasing temperatures to generate gases from the samples, which are then detected by the MS.&nbsp;Samples (0.2 mg) of tire rubber fragments were placed in sample cups, with fiberglass wool inserted to prevent them from dropping, and then analyzed. Analysis conditions are indicated in Table 1.&nbsp;Thermograms obtained from that analysis are shown in Fig. 5. Originally, the horizontal axis of the thermogram is the time, but the heating temperature of the pyrolyzer can be calculated from the time. Peaks from polymer thermal decomposition products appear across the range of 370 to 500 °C. The average MS spectrum for that peak range and the results from inferring the polymer are shown in Fig. 6. Based on the F-Search EGA-MS Polymer Library (Frontier Laboratories Ltd.), the base material in the tire rubber was inferred to be styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).&nbsp;Enlarging the thermogram shows a shoulder peak between 240 and 370 °C. Assuming that the shoulder peak originated from an additive, a thermal desorption analysis was carried out with the temperature range from 60 to 370 °C.<h4>Conclusion</h4>By combining FPD (S) that selectively and sensitively detects sulfur compounds, with Py-GC-MS, sulfur compounds in tire rubber were easily detected and simultaneously analyzed qualitatively by the MS.<h3>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Natural Gas Analysis in Hazardous Locations Using Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometric Modeling</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/marqmetrix_all_in_one_x_process_raman_analyzer_an1350_en_0ba9fa1165.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Natural gas is a fossil fuel composed primarily of methane, with smaller amounts of other hydrocarbons and impurities. Formed from ancient marine organisms under heat and pressure, natural gas is used as a combustion source for heating, electricity generation, vehicle fuel, and as a feedstock in chemical production. It is considered to be a cleanerburning alternative to other fossil fuels, contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants.&nbsp;The measurement and analysis of natural gas is a vital process that demands both speed and precision. Accurate natural gas measurements have far-reaching implications. They ensure revenue accuracy and facilitate fair financial transactions between producers, which is crucial for the economic integrity of the industry. Additionally, these measurements are essential for regulatory compliance, as they ensure adherence to stringent government and industrial standards.&nbsp;Operational efficiency of gas-using industries is also impacted by accurate natural gas measurement. By obtaining trustworthy and precise data, operators can optimize their processes, reduce waste, and ultimately enhance the overall efficiency of their operations. Furthermore, the measurement of natural gas plays a significant role in safety assurance and environmental protection. By accurately measuring methane content and detecting any irregularities in the natural gas stream, operators can address potential safety hazards and mitigate environmental issues, thereby promoting safer and more sustainable practices within the industry.&nbsp;Raman spectroscopy is an exceptionally powerful tool that can effectively address the myriad challenges associated with natural gas measurements. The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2208">MarqMetrix All-In-One X Process Raman Analyzer</a>, when equipped with a flow cell or an immersion probe, offers the capability for non-invasive, in-situ measurements of natural gas directly within pipelines or process equipment. This innovative approach eliminates the need for traditional sampling systems or loops, thereby significantly reducing both the cost and operational disruptions typically associated with gas sampling.&nbsp;The versatility of the MarqMetrix All-In-One X analyzer is underscored by its ability to operate reliably across a wide range of conditions, performing consistently under varying temperature and pressure regimes. Moreover, the hazardous location configuration enhances the instrument’s capabilities even further, enabling the analyzer to function safely and effectively in some of the harshest and most hazardous operating environments. This robust configuration ensures that accurate and reliable natural gas measurements can be obtained even in extreme conditions, providing a critical tool for maintaining operational efficiency, safety, and regulatory&nbsp;compliance.<h4>Results&nbsp;</h4>The spectra produced, along with the reference data obtained from the certificates of analysis accompanying the gas cylinders, were imported into SOLO software. Using this dataset, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models were constructed for each of the hydrocarbons present in the natural gas standards. The models underwent rigorous optimization processes, focusing on variable selection, determination of latent variables, and appropriate preprocessing techniques.&nbsp;Variable selection emerged as a crucial step in the modeling process due to the significant covariance observed among the different hydrocarbons within the natural gas standards. By carefully selecting specific regions of the spectra that correspond exclusively to the hydrocarbons of interest in each model, the independence and relevance of the information utilized in the model were significantly enhanced. This careful selection process ensures that the PLS regression models are robust and accurate, leading to more reliable predictions and analyses of the hydrocarbon content in the natural gas&nbsp;samples.&nbsp;Given the lower concentration and relatively lower intensities of the butane and pentane peaks, a wider range of variables were selected to build the models.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>In conclusion, the MarqMetrix All-In-One X Process Raman Analyzer along with a Thermo Scientific™ MarqMetrix™ FlowCell™ Sampling Optic, both developed to be operated in ATEX Zone 0, proved to be a highly effective solution for collecting and analyzing the spectra of natural gas standards. The resulting data produced robust PLS regression models for each hydrocarbon component. Careful variable selection and optimization enhanced the independence and relevance of the models, resulting in accurate and reliable predictions. The performance of these models demonstrated excellent linearity, resolution, and sensitivity across the range of natural gas components. This study underscores the viability and applicability of Raman spectroscopy, coupled with advanced chemometric modeling, for precise and reliable natural gas analysis in hazardous&nbsp;environments.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 13, 2026

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 6th April 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, BaySpec, poster by MDCW / William &amp; Mary and brochure by Shimadzu!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: High-Throughput BTEX Analysis in Nail Products by SPME and GC/TQ</h3>Minimal steps, maximum precision<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_btex_analysis_nail_products_spme_gctq_5994_9009en_agilent_24ef32dd13.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>BTEX compounds—benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes—are volatile aromatic hydrocarbons widely used as solvents in industrial and consumer products. Among these, toluene is the most prevalent in nail polish formulations, where it serves as a solvent to dissolve resins and pigments, ensuring smooth application, uniform color dispersion, and rapid drying. Historically, these properties made toluene a preferred ingredient in nail coatings, including traditional polishes, gel formulations, and nail art products. However, its inclusion presents challenges for regulatory compliance and product reformulation. In response to these challenges, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) has listed nail products containing toluene as Priority Products under the Safer Consumer Products Regulations.1 Manufacturers selling such products in California must submit a Priority Product Notification and conduct an Alternative Analysis if toluene concentrations exceed the 100-ppm threshold.&nbsp;To support compliance and ensure accurate monitoring of BTEX levels in nail products, robust analytical methods are essential. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/TQ) has emerged as a preferred approach for volatile organic compound analysis due to its solvent-free sample preparation, high sensitivity, and compatibility with complex cosmetic matrices. The 8890 GC with 7000 Series GC/TQ offers enhanced detection capabilities through dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM), enabling precise quantification of BTEX compounds at trace levels, below regulatory thresholds. This platform provides the analytical rigor required for method validation, including limits of detection, recovery, and precision, ensuring compliance with California's stringent performance criteria and supporting industry efforts toward improving consumer product&nbsp;quality.&nbsp;<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>GC/TQ analysis&nbsp;</h5>Analyses were performed on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890+GC">8890 GC</a> coupled to a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7000">7000 Series GC/TQ </a>equipped with an EI extractor ion source (Figure 2). The instrument operating parameters are listed in Table 2. The system was operated in splitless mode with an inlet temperature of 200&nbsp;°C, a purge flow of 3 mL/min, and a purge flow to split vent of 50&nbsp;mL/min at 2&nbsp;minutes. Carrier gas was helium at a constant flow of 0.693&nbsp;mL/min with a total flow of 53.7 mL/min. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=DB-624+Ultra+Inert+column">Agilent J&amp;W DB-624 Ultra Inert column</a> (20&nbsp;m × 0.18&nbsp;mm, 1&nbsp;µm, part number 121-1324UI). The oven program started at 40&nbsp;°C (hold 2&nbsp;minutes), ramped at 35&nbsp;°C/min to 160&nbsp;°C, and held for 2.58&nbsp;minutes, giving a total run time of 8.0&nbsp;minutes. The transfer line was maintained at 230&nbsp;°C, with the ion source at 230&nbsp;°C and quadrupoles at 150&nbsp;°C.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>A rapid, high-throughput headspace‑SPME GC/TQ method was developed for quantifying BTEX in nail product matrices, using a 100-µm PDMS Agilent Smart SPME fiber on an Agilent 8890 GC with Agilent 7000 Series GC/TQ. The method provides solvent-free extraction, 8-minute chromatographic runs, and an ~11-minute total cycle time, enabling high-throughput analysis with robust selectivity in dMRM mode. Quality control results demonstrated mean recoveries of 100 to 107% with RSDs ≤ 8%, meeting method acceptance criteria for compliance-focused testing for toluene. Integration of Smart SPME automation and the intelligent features of the 8890 GC and 7000 Series GC/TQ allows a practical, defensible solution for routine laboratories monitoring BTEX in nail products. Calibration performance showed high linearity and low variance across the working ranges, with all compounds meeting initial calibration criteria via R² ≥ 0.995 or average RF RSD ≤ 20%. Combined with the short cycle time and automated fiber tracking, this workflow is ideally suited for routine compliance testing of BTEX in nail products using the 8890 GC and 7000&nbsp;Series GC/TQ.<h3>2. BaySpec: Detection of residual pesticides on fruits and vegetables using Portability miniature mass s pectrometer</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bay_Spec_App_Note_Portability_Pesticides_4a7311fb3e.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Pesticides are used in a variety of different ways during the production of food. Ranging from preventing crop damage by insects, rodents and molds during growth to prolonging storage of food after harvest. Because of the frequent usage, the residual pesticides are often found in many agricultural products and their monitoring and control is an important step in achieving and maintaining overall food safety in the modern society.&nbsp;Mass spectrometry in connection with different separation techniques currently represents the main analytical approach for determination of residual pesticides in food. Traditionally, samples need to be collected and send to a laboratory for analysis using techniques such as GC-MS or HPLC-MS, which are costly and time-consuming. In addition, the conventional mass spectrometry usually requires laborious sample pretreatment, which does not allow for immediate in-situ sample determination. Presented here is an application of Thermal Desorption ElectroSpray Ionization (TD-ESI) for pesticide screening coupled to a portable mass spectrometer.&nbsp;TD-ESI is a mass spectrometry technique from the family of ambient ionization methods that utilizes very simple probing of different surfaces with no or limited sample pretreatment while it is still noted for its selective and sensitive detection capabilities. In TD-ESI a solid surface or a liquid sample is touched by a simple metallic probe that absorbs the analyte. The probe is then inserted into a heated tube and the desorbed analyte is carried by gas flow into an orthogonally mounted electrospray. The electrospraty plume extracts the analyte and further ionization and ion introduction follows the conventional electrospray mechanism.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2219">Bayspec’s Portability mass spectrometer</a> is less than 10kg highly portable and battery operated linear ion trap mass spectrometer with atmospheric pressure inlet (API). When TD-ESI is combined with PortabilityTM then it is possible to perform fast in-field detection of analytes including residual pesticides, directly of the surfaces of fresh food products without any sample pre-treatment. Fast pesticide screening by Portability mass spectrometer can immediately disclose fake organic food products as well as to discover elevated levels of residual pesticides.&nbsp;TD-ESI-MS was used to rapidly screen residual pesticides on the surfaces of different fruits and vegetables. Direct sampling probe was used to introduce analytes from surfaces of unprocessed samples. Due to short analysis times (1-5s a sample), the technique allows for fast screening for applications in food and environmental safety. MS (as well as MS/MS) analyses can be performed on surface-residual pesticides at ppm and sub-ppm levels. The miniaturized TD-ESI ion source compatible with Portability is available from BaySpec. This ion source mounts on the Portability front inlet and does not require any additional support, external power or gases. The simple intuitive software interface is operated by touch screen and makes the instrument extremely easy to control. The external TD-ESI source is fully integrated into the main software environment and the hyphenated system is thus very user-friendly, does not require excessive training and can be operated by persons with no previous mass spectrometry experiences.<h3>3. MDCW / William &amp; Mary: Volatile Characterization of American Foulbrood Disease Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography</h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/P_15_Christensen_39521e3391.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>American foulbrood (AFB) is a deadly disease spread by Paenibacillus larvae bacterial spores, targeting the brood stage of Apis mellifera honey bees. Broods perish in a matter of days after exposure to the spores, forming infected colloidal scales in the hive that adult bees cannot remove. 1,2 The spores are extremely persistent and resistant to typical treatment methods, which standardized the immediate euthanasia of bees and destruction of the hive and associated equipment by burning. 3 In an effort to expedite identification of the spores, scent-detection dogs have been trained for use in apiaries. Furthermore, gammairradiation has been tested as a proposed treatment method as it would offer a nondestructive alternative to sterilization.The goals of this study were to use comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) to characterize the volatiles associated with AFB disease for understanding scent detection and to measure the effectiveness of gamma-irradiation in sterilizing these volatiles.<h4>Methods</h4>Samples included blanks, material from healthy comb, aged unsterilized diseased scales, fresh unsterilized diseased scales, and diseased scales sterilized with the proposed treatment method of gamma-irradiation. These samples were stored in headspace vials (Figure 3) in the freezer when not in use. No sample preparation was required before injection with solidphase microextraction using the LPAL-3 (CTC Analytics).Analysis was performed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/37">Pegasus BT4D</a> (LECO Corporation) according to the parameters described below in Table 1. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/41">ChromaTOF software</a> (LECO Corporation) was used to analyze the chromatographic data. Preliminary identifications were assigned to peaks using a minimum signal to noise of 200 and a minimum stick count of 3.<h4>Conclusions</h4>GC×GC-TOFMS can be used to distinguish the volatile profiles of A. mellifera samples at different stages of infection with AFB disease. Future Directions for Research:&nbsp;<ul><li>Discrimination of volatiles specific to AFB from non-specific volatiles&nbsp;</li><li>Characterization of AFB-specific volatiles for scent-detection purposes&nbsp;</li><li>Measurement of gamma-irradiation sterilization success in removing AFB volatiles</li></ul><h3>4. Shimadzu: Screening System for Phthalate Esters, Brominated Flame Retardants and Other Regulated Substances Py-Screener Ver.3</h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c146_e507_45f041b0d7.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Py-Screener">Py-Screener™ Ver. 3</a> can screen for 7 types of phthalate esters and brominated flame retardants (PBBs, PBDEs), including substances regulated under the RoHS Directive. In addition, it can also test for PIP (3:1), which is regulated under the US TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act), as well as UV-328, Dechlorane Plus (DP), and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs), which are regulated under the Stockholm Convention (POPs Convention) on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). These regulated compounds, thermally extracted from the sample by Pyrolysis-GC-MS (Py-GC-MS), are selectively detected and quantified. Py-Screener Ver. 3 consists of dedicated software for easy screening, special standard samples, and a sampling tool kit, making it simple to operate even for first-time users.<h5>Shimadzu Corporation’s Solutions for Complying with International Hazardous Substance Regulations</h5>When manufacturing and exporting products, it is necessary to comply with the chemical and hazardous substance regulations established by each country. Products contain many parts and use various materials and substances. Therefore, it is the manufacturer’s responsibility to manage the entire supply chain to ensure that harmful substances are not contained. Shimadzu Corporation provides analysis solutions that comply with these regulations.<h5>Applicable Systems and Software</h5><ul><li>GC-MS: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2020+NX">GCMS-QP™2020 NX</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2020">GCMS-QP2020,</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2010+Ultra">GCMS-QP2010 Ultra</a></li><li>Pyrolyzer: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=42&amp;search=EGA%2FPY-3030D">EGA/PY-3030D</a> multi-shot pyrolyzer</li><li>Autosampler: AS-2020E, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=42&amp;search=AS-1020E">AS-1020E auto-shot sampler&nbsp;</a></li><li>GC-MS Workstation: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMSsolution">GCMSsolution</a>™ (Ver. 4.60SP2 or later) + <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LabSolutions+Insight">LabSolutions Insight</a>™ (Ver. 5.0 or later)</li><li>Py Workstation: EGA-PY3030 program (Ver. 1.54 or later)</li></ul>

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