<p><strong>This study develops a volatile fingerprinting approach for authenticating traditional sesame oil using HS-SPME-GC-MS with GC×GC-MS-assisted compound identification. Conventional GC-MS fingerprints were evaluated by similarity analysis, while GC×GC-MS improved identification of volatile markers in authentic and adulterated samples.</strong></p><p>The method detected maize oil dilution at levels as low as 5% and sesame oil essence adulteration from 0.2%. Principal component analysis and sensory evaluation supported the fingerprint-based classification, demonstrating a reproducible strategy for detecting different types of sesame oil adulteration.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#sec0010"><strong>Volatile compound fingerprinting for traditional sesame oil authentication using GC-MS with GC×GC-MS-assisted identification&nbsp;</strong></a></h4><p>Ruibing Jin, Fuyun Kuang, Qi Meng, Lijin Wang, Huanlu Song, Xueping Feng, Mingshan Zou</p><p>Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2026, 155:109277</p><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2026.109277">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2026.109277</a></div><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><div><div><div><div><p>Sesame is cultivated worldwide for its nutritional value and flavor, especially in India, China, Myanmar, and Tanzania (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib23"><span>Yin et al., 2021</span></a>). Sesame oil (SO) is an edible oil made from sesame seeds roasted at high temperatures to produce the distinct aroma and then processed using pressing, leaching, or other methods (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib5"><span>Huang et al., 2024</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib11"><span>Ma et al., 2022</span></a>). This traditional Chinese characteristic edible oil is extremely popular among consumers because of its high nutritional value and unique flavor. The unique aroma is an important indicator of quality and the main feature that distinguishes SO from other vegetable oils. SO contains fatty acids, vitamin E, and phytosterols that support cardiovascular health and anticarcinogenic processes (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib21"><span>Xu et al., 2025</span></a>), along with sesamin and other lignans that impart strong antioxidant and anti-corticosteroid properties (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib24"><span>Yin et al., 2024</span></a>). Owing to its nutritional and sensory values, the high retail price of SO has motivated adulteration with cheaper edible oils or SO essences (SOE). Therefore, the development of SO adulteration detection technologies such as fingerprinting is essential.</p><p>Fingerprinting technology typically involves using analytical detection and data processing methods to generate chromatograms/spectra of the separate sample components simultaneously. In China, fingerprinting is primarily used in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine, biology, and food production. To ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicines, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission developed the “Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Spectra Similarity Evaluation System” (Fingerprint Similarity System). After importing sample chromatograms, the software generates a reference fingerprint spectrum based on the retention times and peak heights, from which the similarity between the individual samples and reference spectrum is calculated. Samples with similarities &gt; 0.900 are considered highly compatible with the reference fingerprint (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib13"><span>National Medical Products Administration, 2000</span></a>). Chromatographic fingerprinting is particularly valuable for traditional SOs and reveals how variations in raw material origin or production processes influence the overall similarity of the volatile component profiles across samples. This enables more effective adulteration detection, origin discrimination, varietal differentiation, and characteristic substance analysis (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib3"><span>Fu et al., 2023</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib14"><span>Shi et al., 2025</span></a>; <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib15"><span>Sun et al., 2023</span></a>).</p><p>Volatile compound fingerprinting has been employed to characterize the volatile profiles of food products, enabling product discrimination and quality assessment (including identification and grading). <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib16"><span>Sun et al. (2020)</span></a> analyzed volatile flavor compounds in SO and SO adulterated with soybean oil and identified characteristic compounds that can serve as indicators for adulteration. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib18"><span>Wang et al. (2024a)</span></a> used UV spectral fingerprints in combination with chemometric analytical methods to assess the quality of pressed SO with different levels of adulteration with refined SO. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib1"><span>Aghili et al. (2023)</span></a> analyzed the fatty acid compositions of diluted SO samples using an electronic nose (e-nose) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing differences in the volatile profiles between the original and adulterated SO samples, which could aid in distinguishing adulterations. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib20"><span>Xing et al. (2019)</span></a> established fatty acid fingerprints capable of identifying sesame oil adulterated with rapeseed oil at levels as low as 5%. However, the sensitivity decreased for adulteration with corn oil, where only levels above 10% were detectable. Although <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib26"><span>Zhang et al. (2016)</span></a> established a simple and rapid ion mobility spectrometry method to identify sesame oil adulterated with flavoring substances, its detection capability is limited to adulteration levels above 10%. However, few studies have assessed the performance of GC-MS-based fingerprinting in the concurrent detection of SO dilution and essence adulteration from volatile profiles.</p><p>Although the chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system was originally developed for traditional Chinese medicines, it has recently been successfully applied to edible oils. For example, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib7"><span>Li et al. (2025)</span></a> established volatile fingerprints for fried pepper oils using the "Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System" and adopted a similarity threshold of 0.900 for quality discrimination. Therefore, we characterized the volatile fingerprint of authentic traditional SO using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with two-dimensional GC (GC×GC)-MS; co-elution issues were resolved by parallel GC×GC-MS analysis, while fingerprint similarity was evaluated using the "Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System" based on GC-MS data. By comparing this fingerprint with those of diluted SO by maize oil (MO) and sesame essence-adulterated oil, we investigated the accuracy of the fingerprint model. This study provides a scientific basis for quality control and authentication of traditional SO.</p><h4><strong>2. Materials and methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.4. GC×GC-MS</strong></h5><p>GC-MS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890"><strong>8890</strong></a>–<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5977B"><strong>5977B</strong></a>, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) with a solid-state modulator (SSM) 1800 (J&amp;X Technologies, Shanghai, China) was used to qualitatively analyze the volatile compounds of SO (B. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib17"><span>Wang et al., 2023</span></a>).</p><p>Volatile compounds were detected as previously described (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib2"><span>Duan et al., 2025</span></a>), with some modifications. Mass spectra were acquired over the range of 40–450 <i>m/z</i>. Ultra-purity helium (99.999% purity) served as the carrier gas, flowing at a rate of 1.2 mL/min. A splitless injection mode was used. The oven temperature program was set to 40 °C and held this temperature for 2 min, slowly increased to 230 °C at 4 °C per min, and held at 230 °C for 5 min. The detector temperature was set to 250 °C. The quadrupole temperature and transfer line temperature were 150 °C and 250 °C, respectively. An electron impact ion source with an electron energy of 70 eV was used. The ion source temperature was set to 230 °C. A full scan mode was applied for acquisition. Two columns were used inside the GC oven: the first was a polar column, DB-wax (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm; Agilent Technologies); the second was a mid-polar column, DB−17 (mid-polar, 1.85 m × 0.18 mm × 0.18 μm; J&amp;X Technologies). SSM1800 was placed between them for the heating and cooling stages. The SSM modulation period was 4 s. GC×GC-MS was used solely for qualitative confirmation of compounds that co-eluted in GC-MS.</p><h5><strong>2.5. GC-MS</strong></h5><p>Volatile compounds were analyzed semi-quantitatively by GC-MS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7890A"><strong>7890A</strong></a>−<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7000B"><strong>7000B</strong></a>; Agilent Technologies), and 2-methyl−3-heptanone was used as an internal standard. GC-MS analysis was performed using a DB-wax column (polar, 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm; Agilent Technologies, Folsom, CA, USA) to distinguish the volatile compounds. The carrier gas (ultra-pure helium, 99.999%) was delivered at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The method, heating, and mass spectrometry conditions are consistent with those described in Section 2.4. All quantitative and fingerprint similarity analyses were based on the GC-MS data obtained from this section.</p><h4><strong>3. Results and discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>3.2. Analysis of volatile compounds</strong></h5><p>The GC×GC-MS result of JH and the GC-MS results of JH, MSO 5 (50% MO), and MSE 3 (0.6% SOE) are shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#fig0005"><span>Fig. 1</span></a>. A total of 85 volatile compounds were identified in the SO, MSO, and MSE samples, and 33 common peaks were identified, including ketone (1), acid (1), nitrogen-containing compounds (16), sulfur-containing compounds (7), furans (3), aldehyde (1), and phenolic compounds (4, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#tbl0015"><span>Table 3</span></a>).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Journal_of_Food_Composition_and_Analysis_2026_155_109277_Fig_1_A_and_B_respectively_represent_the_three_dimensional_chromatogram_and_two_dimensional_chromatogram_336c1e9b86.jpg" alt="Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2026, 155:109277: Fig. 1. (A) and (B) respectively represent the three-dimensional chromatogram and two-dimensional chromatogram of volatile compounds within the JH−1 sesame oil sample; (C)-(E) respectively represent the GC-MS results of volatile compounds within the JH−1, MSO 6 (50% MO), and MSE 3 (0.6% MSE)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Journal_of_Food_Composition_and_Analysis_2026_155_109277_Fig_1_A_and_B_respectively_represent_the_three_dimensional_chromatogram_and_two_dimensional_chromatogram_336c1e9b86.jpg 119w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="2107"></p><h5><strong>3.3. Establishment of GC-MS fingerprints and similarity analysis of volatile substances</strong></h5><p>The GC-MS volatile compound data from the test SO samples were imported into the Fingerprint Similarity System to generate chromatographic fingerprints. The reference fingerprint profile was constructed as the arithmetic mean of all profiles (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#fig0015"><span>Fig. 3</span></a>). Similarity values between the sample fingerprints and reference were calculated to evaluate compositional consistency. The SO samples showed a reference fingerprint similarity of 0.910–0.993 (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#tbl0020"><span>Table 4</span></a>), surpassing the 0.900 benchmark (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib10"><span>Ma et al., 2024</span></a>). This demonstrates a consistent composition of key volatile components across samples with minimal quality variation, satisfying the fundamental fingerprinting and quality assessment requirements for traditional SO.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Journal_of_Food_Composition_and_Analysis_2026_155_109277_Fig_3_Reference_fingerprint_of_volatile_compounds_b17f79ad1a.jpg" alt="Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2026, 155:109277: Fig. 3. Reference fingerprint of volatile compounds in traditional SO established by GC-MS. Different numbers are represented the different compounds in Table 2." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Journal_of_Food_Composition_and_Analysis_2026_155_109277_Fig_3_Reference_fingerprint_of_volatile_compounds_b17f79ad1a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="584"></p><h4><strong>4. Conclusion</strong></h4><p>This study established a volatile compound fingerprinting method using HS‑SPME‑GC‑MS with GC×GC‑MS‑assisted identification for the authentication of traditional sesame oil. A total of 33 common volatile peaks were identified, with pyrazines and guaiacol as major contributors. OPLS‑DA models (R²Y &gt; 0.98, Q² &gt; 0.97) demonstrated robust discrimination between authentic and adulterated oils, as well as between the two adulteration types. Compounds with VIP &gt; 1 and p &lt; 0.05 were identified as potential key markers. Selected key markers were then subjected to external standard quantification, and the obtained absolute concentrations were used to perform PCA. All calibration curves showed excellent linearity (R² &gt; 0.997), and the external standard PCA clearly separated sesame oil essence from all other samples. Fingerprint similarity analysis, validated by ROC (AUC = 1.000, optimal cutoff 0.8935), showed that adulterated samples had similarity values below 0.9, clearly distinguishing them from authentic oils. The method successfully detected maize oil dilution adulteration as low as 5% and sesame oil essence adulteration as low as 0.2%.</p><p>Compared with previous methods (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib1"><span>Aghili et al., 2023</span></a>; <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib18"><span>Wang et al., 2024a</span></a>; <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib20"><span>Xing et al., 2019</span></a>; <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157526004205#bib26"><span>Zhang et al., 2016</span></a>), our approach uniquely detects both dilution and essence adulteration in a single workflow, achieves lower detection limits (5% for MO, 0.2% for SOE), and provides an intuitive 0.900 similarity threshold without complex chemometric modeling. While non‑destructive methods (e‑nose, IMS) are more suitable for rapid screening, our approach offers higher chemical specificity, the ability to distinguish between dilution and essence adulteration, and an intuitive similarity threshold. Current limitations include testing only maize oil and one essence type, and validation on laboratory‑prepared samples. Future work will expand to other adulterants (soybean, rapeseed oil) and blind commercial samples. Overall, this method provides a reproducible, empirically validated tool for traditional sesame oil authentication. Furthermore, external standard quantification in the present study was performed only for a selected set of key volatile markers (VIP&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;1 and p&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05). The same approach can be extended to other compounds in future studies, enabling odor activity value (OAV) calculations for deeper insights into sensory contributions, more precise adulteration level prediction, and improved model robustness across different production batches.</p></div></div></div></div></div>

Volatile compound fingerprinting for traditional sesame oil authentication using GC-MS with GC×GC-MS-assisted identification

Comprehensive investigation of matrix effect evaluation approaches for reliable quantification in bioanalysis using UHPLC-MS/MS

<p><span><strong>This study compares loss-on-ignition, acid decarbonation, and combustion elemental analysis for measuring organic carbon in sediments using certified reference materials and real samples. Loss-on-ignition conversions were inaccurate, while acid washing before elemental analysis caused significant organic carbon loss and poor precision.</strong></span></p><p><span>Combustion pretreatment followed by elemental analysis provided accurate and precise organic and inorganic carbon measurements, confirmed by temperature-dependent combustion. Across more than 150 intertidal sediment samples, acid decarbonation underestimated organic carbon by 37% ± 8%, supporting combustion-based elemental analysis as the preferred approach for reliable sediment carbon determination.</span></p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#s0055"><strong>Comparing loss-on-ignition, acid decarbonation and combustion elemental analysis for measuring organic carbon concentrations – recommendations for best practice</strong></a></h4><p>Robert B. Sparkes, Stuart A. Rae, Lucy McMahon, Hannah L. Mossman, David McKendry, Clare E. Dean, Graham Tinsley, Frances Fowden, Connor J. Grisdale, Hafiza Begum, Holly Hope, Charlotte McEnhill, Samuel O’Boyle, Nawal Sohail, Marvyn Wachira, Rachel M. Dunk</p><p>Organic Geochemistry, Volume 218, 2026, 105215</p><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2026.105215"><span>10.1016/j.orggeochem.2026.105215</span></a></div><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><div><div><div><div><p>Environmental and Earth scientists frequently require measurements of carbon contents, including both the total carbon concentration (TC) and the fractions contributed by carbon from organic matter (organic carbon; OC) and carbonate minerals (inorganic carbon; IC; <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0025"><span>Bendle et al., 2009</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0220"><span>Radabaugh et al., 2018</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0230"><span>Saderne et al., 2019</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0240"><span>Scheingross et al., 2019</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0260"><span>Smeaton et al., 2021</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0295"><span>Vonk et al., 2012</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0315"><span>Wood et al., 2021</span></a>).</p><p>Accurate, precise, and affordable carbon concentration measurements are critical to the drive towards net-zero emissions, which requires monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon burial and release from an array of global environments (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0210"><span>Post et al., 2001</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0265"><span>Smith, 2004</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0270"><span>Smith et al., 2020</span></a>). Carbon concentration measurements also underpin further analyses (e.g. normalising the concentration of individual biomarker compounds against the total organic carbon concentration, calculating elemental carbon to nitrogen ratios (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0290"><span>van Dongen et al., 2008</span></a>), determining the correct sample load for isotope ratio measurements). Despite carbon concentration measurements being ubiquitous throughout multiple disciplines there is no standard approach for making these, especially determining the organic component of the sedimentary carbon (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0080"><span>Fest et al., 2022</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0320"><span>Young et al., 2018</span></a>). Different disciplines have often generated their own consensus approach, which may not align with studies from another field, even those working on similar samples and asking similar questions (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0070"><span>Farmer et al., 2014</span></a>). Use of an agreed standard measurement protocol for carbon concentrations, or understanding the agreement/variability between protocols, is vital for regulatory monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV), such as the ongoing development of carbon offsetting standards that, if implemented robustly, could provide real-world benefits to climate mitigation (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0035"><span>Bonn et al., 2014</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0045"><span>Burden et al., 2023</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0105"><span>Guizar-Coutiño et al., 2022</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0190"><span>Needelman et al., 2018</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0205"><span>Pan et al., 2022</span></a>). Determining a standardised, verified approach to carbon measurement is important for those performing MRV, who may not have access to advanced and/or expensive analytical instrumentation.</p><p>This study compares three common methods for quantifying the total and organic carbon concentrations in sedimentary samples: i) loss-on-ignition, ii) elemental analysis combined with acid decarbonation, and iii) elemental analysis combined with organic matter combustion. The comparison focuses on assessing the accuracy, precision, and repeatability of each method, identifying their respective strengths and weaknesses, and independently confirming findings via a fourth method (temperature dependent combustion and infrared CO<sub>2</sub> measurement) to provide recommendations for best practice. A summary review of these methods is provided below.</p><h4><strong>2. Materials and methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.3. Independent testing of reference materials via TDC</strong></h5><p>Standards were analysed by the supplier (Elemental Microanalysis Ltd, UK) as part of the certification process: 15/30 elemental analysis measurements gave expected values of TC, OC and IC and the uncertainty for TC, following ISO/IEC17025. These values were independently checked using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/icpms/library?mainauthorItems=16&amp;search=Soli+TOC"><strong>Elementar SoliTOC cube</strong></a> instrument at the instrument manufacturer’s headquarters (Elementar Analysensysteme, Hanau, Germany), which used the TDC method. Two combustion ramps were applied, first a two-step OC and IC determination at 500 °C and 900 °C, and then a three-step programme at 400 °C and 600 °C for easily-combustible and residual OC fractions and 900 °C for IC, with three repeat measurements of each. The SoliTOC cube instrument also analysed the agricultural soil sample, again making three repeat measurements of both the two-step and three-step temperature dependent combustion protocols (see Supplementary Table 3).</p><h5><strong>2.5. Elemental analysis</strong></h5><p>Total carbon concentrations were measured following the protocol described in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0180"><span>Mossman et al. (2022)</span></a>. 20&nbsp;mg of either untreated or pre-treated sample was weighed into tin capsules (Elemental Microanalysis Ltd.) and analysed for carbon concentrations using a Vario EL cube elemental analyser (Elementar Ltd.). Before each analytical run, the instrument was cleaned using three blanks without oxygen and seven blanks with oxygen, and calibrated using five analyses of up to 14&nbsp;mg ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) standard (Elemental Microanalysis Ltd.) and three analyses of an independent Soil Standard (Clay) CRM, acquired separately to the Soil Standard (Clay) CRM used to create analytical samples for this study (Elemental Microanalysis Ltd.). Three analyses of the EDTA calibration standard were repeated after every twenty samples. Long-term drift was monitored by repeated measurements of an internal laboratory standard sample, which has been analysed since 2015. Over the course of 65 measurements across 10 instrument runs for this study the laboratory standard showed no systematic drift.</p><h4><strong>3. Results and discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>3.1. Testing of certified reference materials (CRMs) using temperature dependent combustion (TDC)</strong></h5><p>Both two-step and three-step TDC protocols consistently measured carbon contents close to but slightly below the supplier-certified values (see <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#f0005"><span>Fig. 1</span></a>). For Soil Standard (Clay), the TDC instrument under-estimated OC by 0.10&nbsp;wt% (two-step) and 0.14&nbsp;wt% (three-step) and IC by 0.15&nbsp;wt% (two-step) and 0.087&nbsp;wt% (three-step). For Soil Standard (Peaty) the TDC instrument underestimated OC by 0.26&nbsp;wt% (two-step) and 0.34&nbsp;wt% (three-step), and IC by 0.021&nbsp;wt% (two-step) and 0.090&nbsp;wt% (three-step). Relative differences for OC are small, 5.1 – 7.0% for Clay and just 1.7 – 2.2% for Peaty, but higher for IC due to the small amount of IC present in the standards (25 – 44% for Clay, 7.0 – 30% for Peaty).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organic_Geochemistry_Volume_218_2026_105215_Fig_1_Comparison_of_organic_carbon_and_inorganic_carbon_measurements_on_two_certified_reference_materials_using_four_methods_31537717b3.jpg" alt="Organic Geochemistry, Volume 218, 2026, 105215: Fig. 1. Comparison of organic carbon and inorganic carbon measurements on two certified reference materials using four methods. Upper panel is Soil Standard (Clay) and lower panel Soil Standard (Peaty). Yellow diamonds show the certified value (Elemental Microanalysis Ltd) with manufacturer stated uncertainty in total carbon used as error bars for OC and IC (n = 30). White and grey symbols represent Loss-on-Ignition results using four different organic matter to organic carbon conversion equations (grey sqaures use the “van Bemmelen” scaling factor (Pribyl, 2010), grey circles the Craft et al. (1991) factor, white diamonds the Ouyang and Lee (2020) equation and white circles the Smeaton et al. (2022) equation. IC values for all LoI results use the C/CO2 mass fraction (Wang et al., 2011). Blue circles show the acid decarbonation and elemental analysis protocol, orange circles the combustion and elemental analysis protocol. Green and purple circles show mean results from temperature dependent combustion method (2-step and 3-step protocols respectively). Error bars represent one standard deviation after multiple measurements (n = 2 to n = 4). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organic_Geochemistry_Volume_218_2026_105215_Fig_1_Comparison_of_organic_carbon_and_inorganic_carbon_measurements_on_two_certified_reference_materials_using_four_methods_31537717b3.jpg 116w," sizes="100vw" width="2756" height="3698"></p><h5><strong>3.4. Reproducibility tests</strong></h5><p>Having shown that combustion coupled with elemental analysis was the most robust method for measuring OC in pure and diluted standards, the next experiment tested the reproducibility of these protocols over multiple implementations. A dried, ground agricultural soil sample was repeatedly analysed using each method (separate aliquots were measured using LoI at 500 °C and 800 °C, separate untreated aliquots were analysed via EA, separate aliquots were combusted at 500 °C and analysed via EA, and separate acid decarbonations were carried out prior to EA measurements). This required a large amount of starting material, more than was available in the CRMs. Independent external measurement of the soil sample using temperature dependent combustion (Elementar, Germany) gave mean OC&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.50&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.002&nbsp;wt% and IC&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.29&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.008&nbsp;wt% for combustion to 500 °C (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;3), whereas combustion to 600 °C gave OC&nbsp;=&nbsp;2.52&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.075 and IC&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.12&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.010&nbsp;wt% (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;3).</p><div><p>LoI showed differences in mean OC depending on the equation chosen (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#f0010"><span>Fig. 2</span></a>). The conversions of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0050"><span>Craft et al. (1991)</span></a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0200"><span>Ouyang and Lee (2020)</span></a> were similar to the independent measurements (2.90&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.05&nbsp;wt% and 2.60&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.07&nbsp;wt% respectively; n&nbsp;=&nbsp;9 for each), but the equations of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#b0255"><span>Smeaton et al. (2022)</span></a> and van Bemmelen over-estimated OC (4.19&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.05 and 4.21&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.08&nbsp;wt% respectively; n&nbsp;=&nbsp;9 for each). IC estimates using the C/CO<sub>2</sub> mass fraction conversion were higher than the expected value (1.91&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.06&nbsp;wt%, n&nbsp;=&nbsp;9). Note that the relative standard deviation for OC<sub>LoI</sub> was&nbsp;∼&nbsp;1.8%, and 3.2% for IC<sub>LoI</sub>, showing acceptable run-to-run precision.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organic_Geochemistry_Volume_218_2026_105215_Fig_2_Organic_and_inorganic_carbon_measurements_following_repeated_analysis_of_a_homogenised_soil_sample_via_multiple_methods_c5d62ece0b.jpg" alt="Organic Geochemistry, Volume 218, 2026, 105215: Fig. 2. Organic and inorganic carbon measurements following repeated analysis of a homogenised soil sample via multiple methods. Markers for each method are shown in the legend and are the same as Fig. 1. Small black circles and error bars show the mean and one standard deviation after multiple repetitions of each protocol (n = 9 for LoI, C-EA and AD-EA, n = 3 for TDC)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organic_Geochemistry_Volume_218_2026_105215_Fig_2_Organic_and_inorganic_carbon_measurements_following_repeated_analysis_of_a_homogenised_soil_sample_via_multiple_methods_c5d62ece0b.jpg 204w," sizes="100vw" width="2363" height="1815"></p><p>Since OC<sub>C-EA</sub> and IC<sub>AD-EA</sub> were calculated by subtraction from mean TC<sub>EA</sub>, all data from the C-EA and AD-EA methods plotted on a straight line in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638026000902#f0010"><span>Fig. 2</span></a>, representing OC&nbsp;+&nbsp;IC&nbsp;=&nbsp;TC. However, position and scatter along that line varied between the two pre-treatment techniques. OC<sub>C-EA</sub> clustered just higher than the independent measurements using TDC (2.60&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.03&nbsp;wt%, n&nbsp;=&nbsp;9). Propagating the errors in TC and IC gave a combined error estimate of&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.1&nbsp;wt% for the repeated OC<sub>C-EA</sub> measurements. IC<sub>C-EA</sub> was also close to but slightly higher than the TCD results, 1.35&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.03&nbsp;wt%. AD-EA, however, gave mean OC values of 2.00&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.12&nbsp;wt% (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;9) which was more variable run-to-run than the other methods and gave a significantly (p&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.0001) lower mean OC value than the TCD results. Once again, acid decarbonation results suggested that a large amount of organic matter was lost during the acid treatment, tested further in the next section.</p></div><h4><strong>4.3. Conclusions</strong></h4><p>An accurate, precise, efficient, and standardised method for measuring total, organic and inorganic carbon contents of sediment samples is critical for both scientific research and environmental monitoring and reporting and verification. We rigorously tested three methods for measuring carbon contents in soils and intertidal sediments, using certified reference materials and&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;150 sediment samples. Loss-on-ignition (LoI) is cheap and easy but showed moderate run-to-run variability and, without careful calibration, it is not accurate.</p><p>Elemental analysis (EA) is an accurate and precise method for total carbon (TC) analysis. Measuring organic and inorganic carbon via EA requires pre-treatment of the sample, and this study tested both acid decarbonation and combustion preparation techniques. Acid decarbonation led to significant and variable organic carbon loss, meaning that true organic carbon concentrations are likely higher than those measured following acidification. Combustion pre-treatment was shown to efficiently remove organic matter, leading to accurate and precise results, and we would recommend making organic carbon measurements in this way.</p></div></div></div></div></div>

Comparing loss-on-ignition, acid decarbonation and combustion elemental analysis for measuring organic carbon concentrations – recommendations for best practice

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Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C8 Column

The Waters ACQUITY BEH C8 sorbent is less retentive compared to the ACQUITY BEH C18 sorbent. 

<p><strong>The ACQUITY BEH C8</strong> sorbent is <strong>less retentive compared to the ACQUITY BEH C18 </strong>sorbent. A method developer may prefer the speed offered by a less retentive column, while improving peak shape and chromatographic performance. The <strong>trifunctionally bonded BEH particles</strong> offer the widest usable <strong>pH range (1-12)</strong>, <strong>superior low pH stability</strong>, and <strong>ultra-low column bleed</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> C8</li><li><strong>Separation Mode: </strong>Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Hybrid</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 1 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max: </strong>12 pH</li><li><strong>Maximum Pressure: </strong>18000 psi (1240 Bar)</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>Yes</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity: </strong>Low</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>130 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>UHPLC, UPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> BEH</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L7</li><li><strong>Carbon Load: </strong>13 %</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_C8_Column_9c78ca994d.jpg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY UPLC BEH C8 Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_C8_Column_9c78ca994d.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>ACQUITY UPLC Columns</strong></h3><h5><strong>Increase speed, sensitivity, and resolution, without compromising data integrity</strong></h5><p>Increasing sample throughput, achieving unmatched resolution, and improving analyte sensitivity are priorities for your separation goals. With Waters ACQUITY UPLC Columns, you can meet all your method requirements and substantially reduce your analysis time and cost-per-sample.</p><p>Waters <strong>ACQUITY UPLC Columns’ sub-2-µm particle chemistries</strong> enable chromatographers to harness the separation efficiency improvements at increased flow rates of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) technology, thereby improving analyte resolution and sensitivity as well as business productivity and profitability. &nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Best-in-class column efficiency for superior separation speed, sensitivity, and resolution</li><li><strong>8 UPLC particles</strong> of various substrate technologies, including Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH), High Strength Silica (HSS), and Charged Surface Hybrid (CSH)</li><li><strong>22 stationary phases</strong>, including C18, Phenyl-Hexyl, C8, Embedded-Polar, C4, HILIC, Amide, Diol, Cyano, and PFP</li><li><strong>7 application-specific UPLC Column chemistries</strong> for SEC, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, glycan, and amino acid analysis</li><li><strong>More than 50 different column dimensions and configurations</strong>, with internal column diameters ranging from 1.0–4.6 mm and column lengths ranging from 30–300 mm</li><li><strong>Prolonged column lifetimes</strong> with optional <strong>VanGuard Cartridges</strong> specifically designed using ACQUITY stationary phases</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>For improved speed, sensitivity, and resolution in methods development.</li></ul><h4><strong>Particle technology</strong></h4><h5><strong>BEH - Ethylene Bridged Hybrid Particle Technology</strong></h5><p><strong>ACQUITY UPLC BEH </strong>1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior analyte peak shape, efficiency, and chemical stability to any separation. ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns are available in both reversed-phase and HILIC separation modes, with chemistries that provide selectivities for a wide range of compounds. With the ruggedness to operate at extreme pH conditions, ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns enable the separation scientist to use a wide pH range to influence retention, selectivity, and sensitivity for ionizable compounds.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_BEH_technology_c07876b8a3.jpg" alt="Waters: BEH particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_BEH_technology_c07876b8a3.jpg 170w," sizes="100vw" width="1050" height="964"></p><h5><strong>CSH - Charged Surface Hybrid Particle Technology</strong></h5><p><strong>ACQUITY UPLC CSH™</strong> 1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior peak shape for basic analytes when using low ionic strength acidic mobile phases (e.g. 0.1% formic acid). With CSH Technology, the controlled low-level positive surface charge provides exceptional peak shape for basic analytes which can be achieved without the use of ion pairing reagents. Typically reversed-phase bonded phases have poor peak shape for basic compounds in formic acid even at analytical mass loads. Built on the rugged Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH) particle, ACQUITY UPLC CSH phases can withstand the toughest operating conditions.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CSH_technology_ff4ddc1708.jpg" alt="Waters: CSH particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CSH_technology_ff4ddc1708.jpg 169w," sizes="100vw" width="1049" height="968"></p><h5><strong>HSS - High Strength Silica (HSS) Particle Technology</strong></h5><p>ACQUITY UPLC HSS 1.8 µm fully porous columns provide expected silica particle-like performance to the UPLC family. The HSS particles’ high surface area, and lower pore volume provide increased retentivity over the hybrid particles. This robust particle technology is available in five uniquely different bonded phases, which truly maximize the selectivity space. The wide array of bonded phases associated with ACQUITY UPLC HSS Columns enable traditional hydrophobic reversed-phase interactions along with dipole-dipole interactions, aromatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_HSS_technology_b12d3ddfab.jpg" alt="Waters: HSS particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_HSS_technology_b12d3ddfab.jpg 162w," sizes="100vw" width="975" height="936"></p><h4><strong>Get superior peak shape for basic analytes</strong></h4><p>Reversed-phase bonded phases typically have poor peak shape for basic compounds when using formic acid, even at analytical mass loads. However, ACQUITY UPLC CSH Columns are the exception. These rugged UPLC Columns provide superior peak shape for basic analytes with formic acid or other low ionic-strength, acidic mobile phases. The controlled, low-level, positive surface charge bonded to the ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) particles provides excellent peak shape for bases—without the need for the use of ion-pairing reagents.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Analysis_of_ziprasidone_peroxide_degradation_on_an_ACQUITY_UPLC_CSH_C18_Column_56909f1dc8.jpeg" alt="Waters: Analysis of ziprasidone peroxide degradation on an ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18 Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Analysis_of_ziprasidone_peroxide_degradation_on_an_ACQUITY_UPLC_CSH_C18_Column_56909f1dc8.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="485"></p><h4><strong>The ruggedness you want, the repeatability you need</strong></h4><p>ACQUITY UPLC BEH 1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior analyte peak shape, efficiency, and chemical stability to any separation. ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns are available in both reversed-phase and HILIC separation modes, with chemistries that provide selectivities for a wide range of compounds. With the ruggedness to operate at extreme pH conditions, ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns enable separation scientists to use a wide pH range to influence retention, selectivity, and sensitivity for ionizable compounds.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_Columns_can_be_used_at_the_extremes_of_mobile_phase_p_H_1_12_to_enhance_retention_and_specificity_for_complex_samples_that_include_mixtures_of_acidic_basic_and_neutral_analytes_5104d9a155.jpeg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns can be used at the extremes of mobile phase pH (1-12) to enhance retention and specificity for complex samples that include mixtures of acidic, basic, and neutral analytes." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_Columns_can_be_used_at_the_extremes_of_mobile_phase_p_H_1_12_to_enhance_retention_and_specificity_for_complex_samples_that_include_mixtures_of_acidic_basic_and_neutral_analytes_5104d9a155.jpeg 195w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="823"></p><h4><strong>Achieve flexibility in method development</strong></h4><p>Chromatographic laboratories need to quickly and easily develop robust methods that are compatible with all modern chromatographic detection modes and transferrable to laboratories and sites that operate different LC system platforms. With ACQUITY UPLC CSH and XSelect Columns, method development scientists in all application areas can achieve a wide range of selectivities without compromising performance across attributes, including superior peak shape for basic compounds, low column bleeds, excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility, and high efficiency.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CSH_Columns_offer_a_wide_range_of_selectivity_differences_large_S_values_733305abf8.jpeg" alt="Waters: CSH Columns offer a wide range of selectivity differences (large S-values)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CSH_Columns_offer_a_wide_range_of_selectivity_differences_large_S_values_733305abf8.jpeg 136w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="1173"></p>

Waters ACQUITY UPLC Protein BEH C4 Column

The Waters ACQUITY UPLC Protein BEH C4 column is QC tested and optimized to separate proteins based on size, hydrophobicity and isoelectric point. 

<p><strong>The ACQUITY UPLC Protein BEH C4 </strong>column is QC tested and optimized to <strong>separate proteins</strong> based on size, hydrophobicity and isoelectric point. If you compare to traditional C18 phases, the <strong>C4 ligand is less retentive </strong>and will <strong>minimize protein carryover,</strong> <strong>increase protein recovery</strong>, and <strong>improve peak capacity</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> C4</li><li><strong>Separation Mode: </strong>Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Hybrid</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 2 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max: </strong>10 pH</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>No</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity: </strong>Low</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>300 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>UHPLC, UPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> BEH</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L26</li><li><strong>Carbon Load: </strong>8 %</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_C8_Column_9c78ca994d.jpg" alt="Waters: Kolona ACQUITY UPLC BEH C8" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_C8_Column_9c78ca994d.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>ACQUITY UPLC Columns</strong></h3><h5><strong>Increase speed, sensitivity, and resolution, without compromising data integrity</strong></h5><p>Increasing sample throughput, achieving unmatched resolution, and improving analyte sensitivity are priorities for your separation goals. With Waters ACQUITY UPLC Columns, you can meet all your method requirements and substantially reduce your analysis time and cost-per-sample.</p><p>Waters <strong>ACQUITY UPLC Columns’ sub-2-µm particle chemistries</strong> enable chromatographers to harness the separation efficiency improvements at increased flow rates of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) technology, thereby improving analyte resolution and sensitivity as well as business productivity and profitability. &nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Best-in-class column efficiency for superior separation speed, sensitivity, and resolution</li><li><strong>8 UPLC particles</strong> of various substrate technologies, including Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH), High Strength Silica (HSS), and Charged Surface Hybrid (CSH)</li><li><strong>22 stationary phases</strong>, including C18, Phenyl-Hexyl, C8, Embedded-Polar, C4, HILIC, Amide, Diol, Cyano, and PFP</li><li><strong>7 application-specific UPLC Column chemistries</strong> for SEC, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, glycan, and amino acid analysis</li><li><strong>More than 50 different column dimensions and configurations</strong>, with internal column diameters ranging from 1.0–4.6 mm and column lengths ranging from 30–300 mm</li><li><strong>Prolonged column lifetimes</strong> with optional <strong>VanGuard Cartridges</strong> specifically designed using ACQUITY stationary phases</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>For improved speed, sensitivity, and resolution in methods development.</li></ul><h4><strong>Particle technology</strong></h4><h5><strong>BEH - Ethylene Bridged Hybrid Particle Technology</strong></h5><p><strong>ACQUITY UPLC BEH </strong>1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior analyte peak shape, efficiency, and chemical stability to any separation. ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns are available in both reversed-phase and HILIC separation modes, with chemistries that provide selectivities for a wide range of compounds. With the ruggedness to operate at extreme pH conditions, ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns enable the separation scientist to use a wide pH range to influence retention, selectivity, and sensitivity for ionizable compounds.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_BEH_technology_c07876b8a3.jpg" alt="Waters: BEH particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_BEH_technology_c07876b8a3.jpg 170w," sizes="100vw" width="1050" height="964"></p><h5><strong>CSH - Charged Surface Hybrid Particle Technology</strong></h5><p><strong>ACQUITY UPLC CSH™</strong> 1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior peak shape for basic analytes when using low ionic strength acidic mobile phases (e.g. 0.1% formic acid). With CSH Technology, the controlled low-level positive surface charge provides exceptional peak shape for basic analytes which can be achieved without the use of ion pairing reagents. Typically reversed-phase bonded phases have poor peak shape for basic compounds in formic acid even at analytical mass loads. Built on the rugged Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH) particle, ACQUITY UPLC CSH phases can withstand the toughest operating conditions.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CSH_technology_ff4ddc1708.jpg" alt="Waters: CSH particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CSH_technology_ff4ddc1708.jpg 169w," sizes="100vw" width="1049" height="968"></p><h5><strong>HSS - High Strength Silica (HSS) Particle Technology</strong></h5><p>ACQUITY UPLC HSS 1.8 µm fully porous columns provide expected silica particle-like performance to the UPLC family. The HSS particles’ high surface area, and lower pore volume provide increased retentivity over the hybrid particles. This robust particle technology is available in five uniquely different bonded phases, which truly maximize the selectivity space. The wide array of bonded phases associated with ACQUITY UPLC HSS Columns enable traditional hydrophobic reversed-phase interactions along with dipole-dipole interactions, aromatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_HSS_technology_b12d3ddfab.jpg" alt="Waters: HSS particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_HSS_technology_b12d3ddfab.jpg 162w," sizes="100vw" width="975" height="936"></p><h4><strong>Get superior peak shape for basic analytes</strong></h4><p>Reversed-phase bonded phases typically have poor peak shape for basic compounds when using formic acid, even at analytical mass loads. However, ACQUITY UPLC CSH Columns are the exception. These rugged UPLC Columns provide superior peak shape for basic analytes with formic acid or other low ionic-strength, acidic mobile phases. The controlled, low-level, positive surface charge bonded to the ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) particles provides excellent peak shape for bases—without the need for the use of ion-pairing reagents.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Analysis_of_ziprasidone_peroxide_degradation_on_an_ACQUITY_UPLC_CSH_C18_Column_56909f1dc8.jpeg" alt="Waters: Analysis of ziprasidone peroxide degradation on an ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18 Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Analysis_of_ziprasidone_peroxide_degradation_on_an_ACQUITY_UPLC_CSH_C18_Column_56909f1dc8.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="485"></p><h4><strong>The ruggedness you want, the repeatability you need</strong></h4><p>ACQUITY UPLC BEH 1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior analyte peak shape, efficiency, and chemical stability to any separation. ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns are available in both reversed-phase and HILIC separation modes, with chemistries that provide selectivities for a wide range of compounds. With the ruggedness to operate at extreme pH conditions, ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns enable separation scientists to use a wide pH range to influence retention, selectivity, and sensitivity for ionizable compounds.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_Columns_can_be_used_at_the_extremes_of_mobile_phase_p_H_1_12_to_enhance_retention_and_specificity_for_complex_samples_that_include_mixtures_of_acidic_basic_and_neutral_analytes_5104d9a155.jpeg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns can be used at the extremes of mobile phase pH (1-12) to enhance retention and specificity for complex samples that include mixtures of acidic, basic, and neutral analytes." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_Columns_can_be_used_at_the_extremes_of_mobile_phase_p_H_1_12_to_enhance_retention_and_specificity_for_complex_samples_that_include_mixtures_of_acidic_basic_and_neutral_analytes_5104d9a155.jpeg 195w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="823"></p><h4><strong>Achieve flexibility in method development</strong></h4><p>Chromatographic laboratories need to quickly and easily develop robust methods that are compatible with all modern chromatographic detection modes and transferrable to laboratories and sites that operate different LC system platforms. With ACQUITY UPLC CSH and XSelect Columns, method development scientists in all application areas can achieve a wide range of selectivities without compromising performance across attributes, including superior peak shape for basic compounds, low column bleeds, excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility, and high efficiency.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CSH_Columns_offer_a_wide_range_of_selectivity_differences_large_S_values_733305abf8.jpeg" alt="Waters: CSH Columns offer a wide range of selectivity differences (large S-values)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CSH_Columns_offer_a_wide_range_of_selectivity_differences_large_S_values_733305abf8.jpeg 136w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="1173"></p>

Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS CN Column

Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS CN chemistry is an ultra-performance general purpose propyl cyano bonded phase that provides superior peak shape for bases, increased retention, and extremely long column lifetimes at low pH.

<p><strong>ACQUITY UPLC HSS CN</strong> chemistry is an ultra-performance general purpose <strong>propyl cyano bonded phase</strong> that provides <strong>superior peak shape</strong> <strong>for bases</strong>, <strong>increased retention</strong>, and <strong>extremely long column lifetimes at low pH</strong>. ACQUITY HSS CN columns are fully scalable and transferable to HPLC separations.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> Cyno (CN)</li><li><strong>Separation Mode: </strong>Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Silica</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 2 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max: </strong>8 pH</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>No</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity: </strong>High</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>100 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>UHPLC, UPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> HSS</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L10</li><li><strong>Carbon Load: </strong>5 %</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_C8_Column_9c78ca994d.jpg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY UPLC HSS CN Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_C8_Column_9c78ca994d.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>ACQUITY UPLC Columns</strong></h3><h5><strong>Increase speed, sensitivity, and resolution, without compromising data integrity</strong></h5><p>Increasing sample throughput, achieving unmatched resolution, and improving analyte sensitivity are priorities for your separation goals. With Waters ACQUITY UPLC Columns, you can meet all your method requirements and substantially reduce your analysis time and cost-per-sample.</p><p>Waters <strong>ACQUITY UPLC Columns’ sub-2-µm particle chemistries</strong> enable chromatographers to harness the separation efficiency improvements at increased flow rates of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) technology, thereby improving analyte resolution and sensitivity as well as business productivity and profitability. &nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Best-in-class column efficiency for superior separation speed, sensitivity, and resolution</li><li><strong>8 UPLC particles</strong> of various substrate technologies, including Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH), High Strength Silica (HSS), and Charged Surface Hybrid (CSH)</li><li><strong>22 stationary phases</strong>, including C18, Phenyl-Hexyl, C8, Embedded-Polar, C4, HILIC, Amide, Diol, Cyano, and PFP</li><li><strong>7 application-specific UPLC Column chemistries</strong> for SEC, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, glycan, and amino acid analysis</li><li><strong>More than 50 different column dimensions and configurations</strong>, with internal column diameters ranging from 1.0–4.6 mm and column lengths ranging from 30–300 mm</li><li><strong>Prolonged column lifetimes</strong> with optional <strong>VanGuard Cartridges</strong> specifically designed using ACQUITY stationary phases</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>For improved speed, sensitivity, and resolution in methods development.</li></ul><h4><strong>Particle technology</strong></h4><h5><strong>BEH - Ethylene Bridged Hybrid Particle Technology</strong></h5><p><strong>ACQUITY UPLC BEH </strong>1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior analyte peak shape, efficiency, and chemical stability to any separation. ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns are available in both reversed-phase and HILIC separation modes, with chemistries that provide selectivities for a wide range of compounds. With the ruggedness to operate at extreme pH conditions, ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns enable the separation scientist to use a wide pH range to influence retention, selectivity, and sensitivity for ionizable compounds.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_BEH_technology_c07876b8a3.jpg" alt="Waters: BEH particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_BEH_technology_c07876b8a3.jpg 170w," sizes="100vw" width="1050" height="964"></p><h5><strong>CSH - Charged Surface Hybrid Particle Technology</strong></h5><p><strong>ACQUITY UPLC CSH™</strong> 1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior peak shape for basic analytes when using low ionic strength acidic mobile phases (e.g. 0.1% formic acid). With CSH Technology, the controlled low-level positive surface charge provides exceptional peak shape for basic analytes which can be achieved without the use of ion pairing reagents. Typically reversed-phase bonded phases have poor peak shape for basic compounds in formic acid even at analytical mass loads. Built on the rugged Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH) particle, ACQUITY UPLC CSH phases can withstand the toughest operating conditions.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CSH_technology_ff4ddc1708.jpg" alt="Waters: CSH particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CSH_technology_ff4ddc1708.jpg 169w," sizes="100vw" width="1049" height="968"></p><h5><strong>HSS - High Strength Silica (HSS) Particle Technology</strong></h5><p>ACQUITY UPLC HSS 1.8 µm fully porous columns provide expected silica particle-like performance to the UPLC family. The HSS particles’ high surface area, and lower pore volume provide increased retentivity over the hybrid particles. This robust particle technology is available in five uniquely different bonded phases, which truly maximize the selectivity space. The wide array of bonded phases associated with ACQUITY UPLC HSS Columns enable traditional hydrophobic reversed-phase interactions along with dipole-dipole interactions, aromatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_HSS_technology_b12d3ddfab.jpg" alt="Waters: HSS particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_HSS_technology_b12d3ddfab.jpg 162w," sizes="100vw" width="975" height="936"></p><h4><strong>Get superior peak shape for basic analytes</strong></h4><p>Reversed-phase bonded phases typically have poor peak shape for basic compounds when using formic acid, even at analytical mass loads. However, ACQUITY UPLC CSH Columns are the exception. These rugged UPLC Columns provide superior peak shape for basic analytes with formic acid or other low ionic-strength, acidic mobile phases. The controlled, low-level, positive surface charge bonded to the ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) particles provides excellent peak shape for bases—without the need for the use of ion-pairing reagents.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Analysis_of_ziprasidone_peroxide_degradation_on_an_ACQUITY_UPLC_CSH_C18_Column_56909f1dc8.jpeg" alt="Waters: Analysis of ziprasidone peroxide degradation on an ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18 Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Analysis_of_ziprasidone_peroxide_degradation_on_an_ACQUITY_UPLC_CSH_C18_Column_56909f1dc8.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="485"></p><h4><strong>The ruggedness you want, the repeatability you need</strong></h4><p>ACQUITY UPLC BEH 1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior analyte peak shape, efficiency, and chemical stability to any separation. ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns are available in both reversed-phase and HILIC separation modes, with chemistries that provide selectivities for a wide range of compounds. With the ruggedness to operate at extreme pH conditions, ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns enable separation scientists to use a wide pH range to influence retention, selectivity, and sensitivity for ionizable compounds.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_Columns_can_be_used_at_the_extremes_of_mobile_phase_p_H_1_12_to_enhance_retention_and_specificity_for_complex_samples_that_include_mixtures_of_acidic_basic_and_neutral_analytes_5104d9a155.jpeg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns can be used at the extremes of mobile phase pH (1-12) to enhance retention and specificity for complex samples that include mixtures of acidic, basic, and neutral analytes." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_Columns_can_be_used_at_the_extremes_of_mobile_phase_p_H_1_12_to_enhance_retention_and_specificity_for_complex_samples_that_include_mixtures_of_acidic_basic_and_neutral_analytes_5104d9a155.jpeg 195w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="823"></p><h4><strong>Achieve flexibility in method development</strong></h4><p>Chromatographic laboratories need to quickly and easily develop robust methods that are compatible with all modern chromatographic detection modes and transferrable to laboratories and sites that operate different LC system platforms. With ACQUITY UPLC CSH and XSelect Columns, method development scientists in all application areas can achieve a wide range of selectivities without compromising performance across attributes, including superior peak shape for basic compounds, low column bleeds, excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility, and high efficiency.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CSH_Columns_offer_a_wide_range_of_selectivity_differences_large_S_values_733305abf8.jpeg" alt="Waters: CSH Columns offer a wide range of selectivity differences (large S-values)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CSH_Columns_offer_a_wide_range_of_selectivity_differences_large_S_values_733305abf8.jpeg 136w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="1173"></p>

Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Phenyl Column

The Waters ACQUITY BEH Phenyl columns provide complementary selectivity to C18 stationary phases, especially for polyaromatic compounds. 

<p><strong>ACQUITY BEH Phenyl </strong>columns provide <strong>complementary selectivity to C18</strong> stationary phases, <strong>especially for polyaromatic compounds</strong>. This sorbent, along with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1828"><strong>XBridge BEH Phenyl</strong></a>, provide you with the most chemiscally stable phenyl sorbent on the market and provides you with ultra-low column bleed, long column lifetimes and excellent peak shape.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> Phenyl</li><li><strong>Separation Mode: </strong>Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Hybrid</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 1 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max: </strong>12 pH</li><li><strong>Maximum Pressure:</strong> 18000 psi (1240 Bar)</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>Yes</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity: </strong>Low</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>130 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>UHPLC, UPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> BEH</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L11</li><li><strong>Carbon Load: </strong>15 %</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_C8_Column_9c78ca994d.jpg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY UPLC BEH Phenyl Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_C8_Column_9c78ca994d.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>ACQUITY UPLC Columns</strong></h3><h5><strong>Increase speed, sensitivity, and resolution, without compromising data integrity</strong></h5><p>Increasing sample throughput, achieving unmatched resolution, and improving analyte sensitivity are priorities for your separation goals. With Waters ACQUITY UPLC Columns, you can meet all your method requirements and substantially reduce your analysis time and cost-per-sample.</p><p>Waters <strong>ACQUITY UPLC Columns’ sub-2-µm particle chemistries</strong> enable chromatographers to harness the separation efficiency improvements at increased flow rates of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) technology, thereby improving analyte resolution and sensitivity as well as business productivity and profitability. &nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Best-in-class column efficiency for superior separation speed, sensitivity, and resolution</li><li><strong>8 UPLC particles</strong> of various substrate technologies, including Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH), High Strength Silica (HSS), and Charged Surface Hybrid (CSH)</li><li><strong>22 stationary phases</strong>, including C18, Phenyl-Hexyl, C8, Embedded-Polar, C4, HILIC, Amide, Diol, Cyano, and PFP</li><li><strong>7 application-specific UPLC Column chemistries</strong> for SEC, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, glycan, and amino acid analysis</li><li><strong>More than 50 different column dimensions and configurations</strong>, with internal column diameters ranging from 1.0–4.6 mm and column lengths ranging from 30–300 mm</li><li><strong>Prolonged column lifetimes</strong> with optional <strong>VanGuard Cartridges</strong> specifically designed using ACQUITY stationary phases</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>For improved speed, sensitivity, and resolution in methods development.</li></ul><h4><strong>Particle technology</strong></h4><h5><strong>BEH - Ethylene Bridged Hybrid Particle Technology</strong></h5><p><strong>ACQUITY UPLC BEH </strong>1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior analyte peak shape, efficiency, and chemical stability to any separation. ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns are available in both reversed-phase and HILIC separation modes, with chemistries that provide selectivities for a wide range of compounds. With the ruggedness to operate at extreme pH conditions, ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns enable the separation scientist to use a wide pH range to influence retention, selectivity, and sensitivity for ionizable compounds.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_BEH_technology_c07876b8a3.jpg" alt="Waters: BEH particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_BEH_technology_c07876b8a3.jpg 170w," sizes="100vw" width="1050" height="964"></p><h5><strong>CSH - Charged Surface Hybrid Particle Technology</strong></h5><p><strong>ACQUITY UPLC CSH™</strong> 1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior peak shape for basic analytes when using low ionic strength acidic mobile phases (e.g. 0.1% formic acid). With CSH Technology, the controlled low-level positive surface charge provides exceptional peak shape for basic analytes which can be achieved without the use of ion pairing reagents. Typically reversed-phase bonded phases have poor peak shape for basic compounds in formic acid even at analytical mass loads. Built on the rugged Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH) particle, ACQUITY UPLC CSH phases can withstand the toughest operating conditions.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CSH_technology_ff4ddc1708.jpg" alt="Waters: CSH particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CSH_technology_ff4ddc1708.jpg 169w," sizes="100vw" width="1049" height="968"></p><h5><strong>HSS - High Strength Silica (HSS) Particle Technology</strong></h5><p>ACQUITY UPLC HSS 1.8 µm fully porous columns provide expected silica particle-like performance to the UPLC family. The HSS particles’ high surface area, and lower pore volume provide increased retentivity over the hybrid particles. This robust particle technology is available in five uniquely different bonded phases, which truly maximize the selectivity space. The wide array of bonded phases associated with ACQUITY UPLC HSS Columns enable traditional hydrophobic reversed-phase interactions along with dipole-dipole interactions, aromatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_HSS_technology_b12d3ddfab.jpg" alt="Waters: HSS particle technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_HSS_technology_b12d3ddfab.jpg 162w," sizes="100vw" width="975" height="936"></p><h4><strong>Get superior peak shape for basic analytes</strong></h4><p>Reversed-phase bonded phases typically have poor peak shape for basic compounds when using formic acid, even at analytical mass loads. However, ACQUITY UPLC CSH Columns are the exception. These rugged UPLC Columns provide superior peak shape for basic analytes with formic acid or other low ionic-strength, acidic mobile phases. The controlled, low-level, positive surface charge bonded to the ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) particles provides excellent peak shape for bases—without the need for the use of ion-pairing reagents.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Analysis_of_ziprasidone_peroxide_degradation_on_an_ACQUITY_UPLC_CSH_C18_Column_56909f1dc8.jpeg" alt="Waters: Analysis of ziprasidone peroxide degradation on an ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18 Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Analysis_of_ziprasidone_peroxide_degradation_on_an_ACQUITY_UPLC_CSH_C18_Column_56909f1dc8.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="485"></p><h4><strong>The ruggedness you want, the repeatability you need</strong></h4><p>ACQUITY UPLC BEH 1.7 µm fully porous columns provide superior analyte peak shape, efficiency, and chemical stability to any separation. ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns are available in both reversed-phase and HILIC separation modes, with chemistries that provide selectivities for a wide range of compounds. With the ruggedness to operate at extreme pH conditions, ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns enable separation scientists to use a wide pH range to influence retention, selectivity, and sensitivity for ionizable compounds.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_Columns_can_be_used_at_the_extremes_of_mobile_phase_p_H_1_12_to_enhance_retention_and_specificity_for_complex_samples_that_include_mixtures_of_acidic_basic_and_neutral_analytes_5104d9a155.jpeg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY UPLC BEH Columns can be used at the extremes of mobile phase pH (1-12) to enhance retention and specificity for complex samples that include mixtures of acidic, basic, and neutral analytes." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPLC_BEH_Columns_can_be_used_at_the_extremes_of_mobile_phase_p_H_1_12_to_enhance_retention_and_specificity_for_complex_samples_that_include_mixtures_of_acidic_basic_and_neutral_analytes_5104d9a155.jpeg 195w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="823"></p><h4><strong>Achieve flexibility in method development</strong></h4><p>Chromatographic laboratories need to quickly and easily develop robust methods that are compatible with all modern chromatographic detection modes and transferrable to laboratories and sites that operate different LC system platforms. With ACQUITY UPLC CSH and XSelect Columns, method development scientists in all application areas can achieve a wide range of selectivities without compromising performance across attributes, including superior peak shape for basic compounds, low column bleeds, excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility, and high efficiency.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CSH_Columns_offer_a_wide_range_of_selectivity_differences_large_S_values_733305abf8.jpeg" alt="Waters: CSH Columns offer a wide range of selectivity differences (large S-values)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CSH_Columns_offer_a_wide_range_of_selectivity_differences_large_S_values_733305abf8.jpeg 136w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="1173"></p>

Waters CORTECS C8 HPLC Columns

Waters CORTECS C8 columns are used for general purpose method development under low pH test conditions.

<p><strong>CORTECS C8 c</strong>olumns are used for general purpose<strong> method development under low pH </strong>test conditions. The C8 ligand is preferred for some assays because it is less hydrophobic and therefore less retetntive compared to C18 phases.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> C8</li><li><strong>Separation Mode: </strong>Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Silica</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 2 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max:</strong> 8 pH</li><li><strong>Maximum Pressure:</strong> 18000 psi (1240 Bar)</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>Yes</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity: </strong>Low</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>90 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>UHPLC, UPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> Solid core</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L7</li><li><strong>Carbon Load: </strong>4.5 %</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg" alt="Waters: CORTECS C8 Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong></h3><h4><strong>Solid-core columns that live up to their potential.</strong></h4><p>Your lab needs to develop methods for challenging separations even faster. Increase resolution for even your toughest samples with the enhanced column efficiency of <strong>CORTECS solid-core columns</strong>, which provide the flexibility and power you need to rapidly separate a wide array of compounds.</p><p><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong> are available in <strong>reversed-phase and HILIC options</strong> across <strong>seven column chemistries</strong> with <strong>different particle characteristics</strong> and innovative charged surface modifications for 20% faster separations and 25% more resolution at low operating back pressures.</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Maximize efficiency with <strong>high-performance columns</strong> created using state-of-the-art column packing techniques, bonding and end-capping processes.</li><li>Achieve <strong>greater throughput and speed</strong> than fully porous particle columns.</li><li>Get <strong>simple and seamless transfer</strong> with consistent results across different particle sizes and column configurations.</li><li><strong>Flexibly develop methods for challenging separations</strong> faster with reversed-phase and HILIC options across seven column chemistries.</li><li><strong>Prolong column lifetimes</strong> with optional VanGuard Cartridges and pre-columns specifically designed using CORTECS stationary phases.</li><li><strong>Recommended Use:</strong> To maximize resolution and speed for all LC separations.</li></ul><h4><strong>CORTECS Column Characteristics</strong></h4><h5><strong>CORTECS C18+ Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>A positively charged surface delivers excellent peak shape for basic compounds at low pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Balanced retention of acids, bases, and neutrals at low and mid-range pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C8 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Similar selectivity but shorter retentivity when compared to C18 columns.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS T3 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Enables to use of 100% aqueous mobile phase and increased retention of polar compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Phenyl Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for polyaromatic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Shield RP18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for phenolic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS HILIC Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>HILIC Column</li><li>Offers orthogonal selectivity when compared to reversed-phase columns.</li></ul><h4><strong>Reliable columns. Consistent performance.</strong></h4><p>Get consistent batch-to-batch performance year after year with reliable CORTECS Columns.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg" alt="Waters: Consistent performance" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="704"></p><h4><strong>Method transfer just got easier.</strong></h4><p>Get the versatility you need for seamless method transfer, with consistent results and fully scalable particle sizes for HPLC, UHPLC, and UPLC platforms.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg" alt="Waters: Modernize and speed up your existing methods." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg 191w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="837"></p><h4><strong>Increased resolution and increased throughput.</strong></h4><p>Maximize column efficiency and throughput with increased resolution for the toughest samples on any LC system.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg" alt="Waters: Maximize Column Efficiency" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p>

Waters CORTECS Phenyl HPLC Columns

Waters CORTECS Phenyl provides you with ultra-low column MS bleed, long lifetimes and excellent peak shape.

<p><strong>CORTECS Phenyl columns</strong> provide <strong>complimentary selectivity to C18</strong> stationary phases. The particle morphology offers <strong>high efficnecy and lower backpressures</strong> when compared to fully porouse particles of similar particle size. CORTECS Phenyl provides you with <strong>ultra-low column MS bleed</strong>, <strong>long lifetimes</strong> and <strong>excellent peak shape</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> Phenyl</li><li><strong>Separation Mode: </strong>Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Silica</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 2 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max:</strong> 8 pH</li><li><strong>Maximum Pressure:</strong> 18000 psi (1240 Bar)</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>Yes</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity: </strong>Low</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>90 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>UHPLC, UPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> Solid core</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L11</li><li><strong>Carbon Load: </strong>5.9 %</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg" alt="Waters: CORTECS Phenyl Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong></h3><h4><strong>Solid-core columns that live up to their potential.</strong></h4><p>Your lab needs to develop methods for challenging separations even faster. Increase resolution for even your toughest samples with the enhanced column efficiency of <strong>CORTECS solid-core columns</strong>, which provide the flexibility and power you need to rapidly separate a wide array of compounds.</p><p><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong> are available in <strong>reversed-phase and HILIC options</strong> across <strong>seven column chemistries</strong> with <strong>different particle characteristics</strong> and innovative charged surface modifications for 20% faster separations and 25% more resolution at low operating back pressures.</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Maximize efficiency with <strong>high-performance columns</strong> created using state-of-the-art column packing techniques, bonding and end-capping processes.</li><li>Achieve <strong>greater throughput and speed</strong> than fully porous particle columns.</li><li>Get <strong>simple and seamless transfer</strong> with consistent results across different particle sizes and column configurations.</li><li><strong>Flexibly develop methods for challenging separations</strong> faster with reversed-phase and HILIC options across seven column chemistries.</li><li><strong>Prolong column lifetimes</strong> with optional VanGuard Cartridges and pre-columns specifically designed using CORTECS stationary phases.</li><li><strong>Recommended Use:</strong> To maximize resolution and speed for all LC separations.</li></ul><h4><strong>CORTECS Column Characteristics</strong></h4><h5><strong>CORTECS C18+ Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>A positively charged surface delivers excellent peak shape for basic compounds at low pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Balanced retention of acids, bases, and neutrals at low and mid-range pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C8 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Similar selectivity but shorter retentivity when compared to C18 columns.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS T3 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Enables to use of 100% aqueous mobile phase and increased retention of polar compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Phenyl Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for polyaromatic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Shield RP18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for phenolic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS HILIC Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>HILIC Column</li><li>Offers orthogonal selectivity when compared to reversed-phase columns.</li></ul><h4><strong>Reliable columns. Consistent performance.</strong></h4><p>Get consistent batch-to-batch performance year after year with reliable CORTECS Columns.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg" alt="Waters: Consistent performance" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="704"></p><h4><strong>Method transfer just got easier.</strong></h4><p>Get the versatility you need for seamless method transfer, with consistent results and fully scalable particle sizes for HPLC, UHPLC, and UPLC platforms.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg" alt="Waters: Modernize and speed up your existing methods." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg 191w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="837"></p><h4><strong>Increased resolution and increased throughput.</strong></h4><p>Maximize column efficiency and throughput with increased resolution for the toughest samples on any LC system.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg" alt="Waters: Maximize Column Efficiency" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p>

Waters CORTECS HILIC HPLC Columns

Waters CORTECS HILIC Columns are high-effiency columns based on a solid-core particle that are designed to retain extremely polar analytes. 

<p><strong>CORTECS HILIC Columns </strong>are high-effiency columns based on a solid-core particle that are designed to <strong>retain extremely polar analytes</strong>. They offer <strong>orthogonal selectivity vs. C18</strong> columns.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> HILIC</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Hydrophilic Interaction (HILIC)</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Silica</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 1 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max:</strong> 5 pH</li><li><strong>Maximum Pressure:</strong> 18000 psi (1240 Bar)</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>No</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity: </strong>High</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>90 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>HPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> Solid core</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L3</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg" alt="Waters: CORTECS HILIC Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong></h3><h4><strong>Solid-core columns that live up to their potential.</strong></h4><p>Your lab needs to develop methods for challenging separations even faster. Increase resolution for even your toughest samples with the enhanced column efficiency of <strong>CORTECS solid-core columns</strong>, which provide the flexibility and power you need to rapidly separate a wide array of compounds.</p><p><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong> are available in <strong>reversed-phase and HILIC options</strong> across <strong>seven column chemistries</strong> with <strong>different particle characteristics</strong> and innovative charged surface modifications for 20% faster separations and 25% more resolution at low operating back pressures.</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Maximize efficiency with <strong>high-performance columns</strong> created using state-of-the-art column packing techniques, bonding and end-capping processes.</li><li>Achieve <strong>greater throughput and speed</strong> than fully porous particle columns.</li><li>Get <strong>simple and seamless transfer</strong> with consistent results across different particle sizes and column configurations.</li><li><strong>Flexibly develop methods for challenging separations</strong> faster with reversed-phase and HILIC options across seven column chemistries.</li><li><strong>Prolong column lifetimes</strong> with optional VanGuard Cartridges and pre-columns specifically designed using CORTECS stationary phases.</li><li><strong>Recommended Use:</strong> To maximize resolution and speed for all LC separations.</li></ul><h4><strong>CORTECS Column Characteristics</strong></h4><h5><strong>CORTECS C18+ Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>A positively charged surface delivers excellent peak shape for basic compounds at low pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Balanced retention of acids, bases, and neutrals at low and mid-range pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C8 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Similar selectivity but shorter retentivity when compared to C18 columns.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS T3 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Enables to use of 100% aqueous mobile phase and increased retention of polar compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Phenyl Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for polyaromatic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Shield RP18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for phenolic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS HILIC Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>HILIC Column</li><li>Offers orthogonal selectivity when compared to reversed-phase columns.</li></ul><h4><strong>Reliable columns. Consistent performance.</strong></h4><p>Get consistent batch-to-batch performance year after year with reliable CORTECS Columns.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg" alt="Waters: Consistent performance" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="704"></p><h4><strong>Method transfer just got easier.</strong></h4><p>Get the versatility you need for seamless method transfer, with consistent results and fully scalable particle sizes for HPLC, UHPLC, and UPLC platforms.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg" alt="Waters: Modernize and speed up your existing methods." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg 191w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="837"></p><h4><strong>Increased resolution and increased throughput.</strong></h4><p>Maximize column efficiency and throughput with increased resolution for the toughest samples on any LC system.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg" alt="Waters: Maximize Column Efficiency" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p>

Waters CORTECS T3 HPLC Columns

Waters CORTECS T3 columns are compatible with 100% aqueous mobile phases, and provide excellent retention for polar and non-polar analytes.

<p><strong>CORTECS T3 columns </strong>are <strong>compatible with 100% aqueous mobile phases</strong>, and provide <strong>excellent retention for polar and non-polar analytes.</strong> The particle morphology offers high efficnecy and lower backpressure when compared to fully porouse particles of similar particle size. <strong>CORTECS T3</strong> provides you with <strong>ultra-low column MS bleed</strong>, <strong>long lifetime</strong>s and <strong>excellent peak shape</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> C18</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Reversed phase</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Silica</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 2 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max:</strong> 8 pH</li><li><strong>Maximum Pressure:</strong> 18000 psi (1240 Bar)</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>Yes</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity:</strong> Low</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>120 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>UHPLC, UPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> Solid core</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L1</li><li><strong>Carbon load:</strong> 4.7 %</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg" alt="Waters: CORTECS T3 Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong></h3><h4><strong>Solid-core columns that live up to their potential.</strong></h4><p>Your lab needs to develop methods for challenging separations even faster. Increase resolution for even your toughest samples with the enhanced column efficiency of <strong>CORTECS solid-core columns</strong>, which provide the flexibility and power you need to rapidly separate a wide array of compounds.</p><p><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong> are available in <strong>reversed-phase and HILIC options</strong> across <strong>seven column chemistries</strong> with <strong>different particle characteristics</strong> and innovative charged surface modifications for 20% faster separations and 25% more resolution at low operating back pressures.</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Maximize efficiency with <strong>high-performance columns</strong> created using state-of-the-art column packing techniques, bonding and end-capping processes.</li><li>Achieve <strong>greater throughput and speed</strong> than fully porous particle columns.</li><li>Get <strong>simple and seamless transfer</strong> with consistent results across different particle sizes and column configurations.</li><li><strong>Flexibly develop methods for challenging separations</strong> faster with reversed-phase and HILIC options across seven column chemistries.</li><li><strong>Prolong column lifetimes</strong> with optional VanGuard Cartridges and pre-columns specifically designed using CORTECS stationary phases.</li><li><strong>Recommended Use:</strong> To maximize resolution and speed for all LC separations.</li></ul><h4><strong>CORTECS Column Characteristics</strong></h4><h5><strong>CORTECS C18+ Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>A positively charged surface delivers excellent peak shape for basic compounds at low pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Balanced retention of acids, bases, and neutrals at low and mid-range pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C8 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Similar selectivity but shorter retentivity when compared to C18 columns.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS T3 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Enables to use of 100% aqueous mobile phase and increased retention of polar compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Phenyl Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for polyaromatic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Shield RP18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for phenolic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS HILIC Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>HILIC Column</li><li>Offers orthogonal selectivity when compared to reversed-phase columns.</li></ul><h4><strong>Reliable columns. Consistent performance.</strong></h4><p>Get consistent batch-to-batch performance year after year with reliable CORTECS Columns.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg" alt="Waters: Consistent performance" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="704"></p><h4><strong>Method transfer just got easier.</strong></h4><p>Get the versatility you need for seamless method transfer, with consistent results and fully scalable particle sizes for HPLC, UHPLC, and UPLC platforms.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg" alt="Waters: Modernize and speed up your existing methods." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg 191w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="837"></p><h4><strong>Increased resolution and increased throughput.</strong></h4><p>Maximize column efficiency and throughput with increased resolution for the toughest samples on any LC system.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg" alt="Waters: Maximize Column Efficiency" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p>

Waters CORTECS Shield RP18 HPLC Columns

Waters CORTECS Shield RP18 columns provides complimentary selectivity to C8 and C18 stationary phases. The embedded carbamate group in the bonded phase ligand provides alternate selectivity, especially for phenolic compounds.

<p><strong>CORTECS Shield RP18</strong> columns provides <strong>complimentary selectivity to C8 </strong>and <strong>C18</strong> stationary phases. The <strong>embedded carbamate group</strong> in the bonded phase ligand provides <strong>alternate selectivity, especially for phenolic compounds</strong> compared to straight chain alkyl columns. The solid core particle morphology offers high efficiency and lower backpressures when compared to fully porouse particles of similar particle size.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> C18</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Reversed phase</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Silica</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 2 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max:</strong> 8 pH</li><li><strong>Maximum Pressure:</strong> 18000 psi (1240 Bar)</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>Yes</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity:</strong> Low</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>90 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>UHPLC, UPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> Solid core</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L1</li><li><strong>Carbon load:</strong> 6.4 %</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg" alt="Waters: CORTECS Shield RP18 Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong></h3><h4><strong>Solid-core columns that live up to their potential.</strong></h4><p>Your lab needs to develop methods for challenging separations even faster. Increase resolution for even your toughest samples with the enhanced column efficiency of <strong>CORTECS solid-core columns</strong>, which provide the flexibility and power you need to rapidly separate a wide array of compounds.</p><p><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong> are available in <strong>reversed-phase and HILIC options</strong> across <strong>seven column chemistries</strong> with <strong>different particle characteristics</strong> and innovative charged surface modifications for 20% faster separations and 25% more resolution at low operating back pressures.</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Maximize efficiency with <strong>high-performance columns</strong> created using state-of-the-art column packing techniques, bonding and end-capping processes.</li><li>Achieve <strong>greater throughput and speed</strong> than fully porous particle columns.</li><li>Get <strong>simple and seamless transfer</strong> with consistent results across different particle sizes and column configurations.</li><li><strong>Flexibly develop methods for challenging separations</strong> faster with reversed-phase and HILIC options across seven column chemistries.</li><li><strong>Prolong column lifetimes</strong> with optional VanGuard Cartridges and pre-columns specifically designed using CORTECS stationary phases.</li><li><strong>Recommended Use:</strong> To maximize resolution and speed for all LC separations.</li></ul><h4><strong>CORTECS Column Characteristics</strong></h4><h5><strong>CORTECS C18+ Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>A positively charged surface delivers excellent peak shape for basic compounds at low pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Balanced retention of acids, bases, and neutrals at low and mid-range pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C8 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Similar selectivity but shorter retentivity when compared to C18 columns.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS T3 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Enables to use of 100% aqueous mobile phase and increased retention of polar compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Phenyl Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for polyaromatic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Shield RP18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for phenolic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS HILIC Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>HILIC Column</li><li>Offers orthogonal selectivity when compared to reversed-phase columns.</li></ul><h4><strong>Reliable columns. Consistent performance.</strong></h4><p>Get consistent batch-to-batch performance year after year with reliable CORTECS Columns.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg" alt="Waters: Consistent performance" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="704"></p><h4><strong>Method transfer just got easier.</strong></h4><p>Get the versatility you need for seamless method transfer, with consistent results and fully scalable particle sizes for HPLC, UHPLC, and UPLC platforms.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg" alt="Waters: Modernize and speed up your existing methods." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg 191w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="837"></p><h4><strong>Increased resolution and increased throughput.</strong></h4><p>Maximize column efficiency and throughput with increased resolution for the toughest samples on any LC system.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg" alt="Waters: Maximize Column Efficiency" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p>

Waters CORTECS C18+ HPLC Columns

Waters CORTECS C18+ columns are general purpose, charged surface, high efficiency C18 columns based on a solid-core particle.

<p><strong>CORTECS C18+</strong> columns are general purpose, charged surface, high efficiency C18 columns based on a solid-core particle that is designed to deliver excellent peak shape for basic analytes at low pH.</p><h5><strong>Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Chemistry:</strong> C18</li><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> Reversed phase</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate:</strong> Silica</li><li><strong>pH Range Min</strong>: 2 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max:</strong> 8 pH</li><li><strong>Maximum Pressure:</strong> 18000 psi (1240 Bar)</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>Yes</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity:</strong> Low</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>90 Å</li><li><strong>System: </strong>HPLC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> Solid core</li><li><strong>USP Classification:</strong> L1</li><li><strong>Carbon load:</strong> 5.7 %</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg" alt="Waters: CORTECS C18+ Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CORTECS_C8_Column_68f0f00415.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong></h3><h4><strong>Solid-core columns that live up to their potential.</strong></h4><p>Your lab needs to develop methods for challenging separations even faster. Increase resolution for even your toughest samples with the enhanced column efficiency of <strong>CORTECS solid-core columns</strong>, which provide the flexibility and power you need to rapidly separate a wide array of compounds.</p><p><strong>CORTECS Columns</strong> are available in <strong>reversed-phase and HILIC options</strong> across <strong>seven column chemistries</strong> with <strong>different particle characteristics</strong> and innovative charged surface modifications for 20% faster separations and 25% more resolution at low operating back pressures.</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Maximize efficiency with <strong>high-performance columns</strong> created using state-of-the-art column packing techniques, bonding and end-capping processes.</li><li>Achieve <strong>greater throughput and speed</strong> than fully porous particle columns.</li><li>Get <strong>simple and seamless transfer</strong> with consistent results across different particle sizes and column configurations.</li><li><strong>Flexibly develop methods for challenging separations</strong> faster with reversed-phase and HILIC options across seven column chemistries.</li><li><strong>Prolong column lifetimes</strong> with optional VanGuard Cartridges and pre-columns specifically designed using CORTECS stationary phases.</li><li><strong>Recommended Use:</strong> To maximize resolution and speed for all LC separations.</li></ul><h4><strong>CORTECS Column Characteristics</strong></h4><h5><strong>CORTECS C18+ Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>A positively charged surface delivers excellent peak shape for basic compounds at low pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Balanced retention of acids, bases, and neutrals at low and mid-range pH.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS C8 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Similar selectivity but shorter retentivity when compared to C18 columns.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS T3 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>Reversed-phase column</li><li>Enables to use of 100% aqueous mobile phase and increased retention of polar compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Phenyl Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for polyaromatic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS Shield RP18 Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>High efficiency</li><li>Method development column</li><li>Provides alternate selectivity, particularly for phenolic compounds.</li></ul><h5><strong>CORTECS HILIC Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>General purpose</li><li>High efficiency</li><li>HILIC Column</li><li>Offers orthogonal selectivity when compared to reversed-phase columns.</li></ul><h4><strong>Reliable columns. Consistent performance.</strong></h4><p>Get consistent batch-to-batch performance year after year with reliable CORTECS Columns.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg" alt="Waters: Consistent performance" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Get_consistent_batch_to_batch_reproducibility_with_long_column_lifetimes_4600807215.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="704"></p><h4><strong>Method transfer just got easier.</strong></h4><p>Get the versatility you need for seamless method transfer, with consistent results and fully scalable particle sizes for HPLC, UHPLC, and UPLC platforms.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg" alt="Waters: Modernize and speed up your existing methods." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Modernize_and_speed_up_your_existing_methods_2dd7e61390.jpg 191w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="837"></p><h4><strong>Increased resolution and increased throughput.</strong></h4><p>Maximize column efficiency and throughput with increased resolution for the toughest samples on any LC system.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg" alt="Waters: Maximize Column Efficiency" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Maximize_Column_Efficiency_69800e15cb.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p>

Products focused on LC columns - page 12

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