Microplastics have emerged as one of the most widely discussed environmental contaminants of our time. Regardless of where we live, daily exposure to microplastics has become virtually unavoidable—these tiny plastic particles are present in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the environments we inhabit. As researchers work to better understand the sources, transport pathways, and impacts of microplastics, the demand for reliable microplastic analysis methods continues to grow.While techniques such as FTIR and Raman spectroscopy have become standard tools for identifying microplastics, their utility is limited for smaller particles (i.e. nanoplastics) and in complex matrices. More advanced microplastic analysis methods can provide a deeper understanding of what these particles contain and how they may change over time in the environment.<div><h3>The Limits of Spectroscopic Microplastic Analysis Methods</h3>Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy are widely used microplastic analysis methods because they can identify polymer types by measuring how electromagnetic radiation interacts with a material. These techniques are valuable for determining whether a particle is polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or another common plastic. For many studies, this information is sufficient to confirm the presence of microplastics, especially in clean samples with sufficient microplastic density.However, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/environmental/">environmental samples</a> are rarely clean and compositionally simple. Microplastic particles can become weathered and obscured by other materials in the environment, making their accurate identification with spectroscopy difficult. Additionally, if researchers want to understand what additives, degradation products, or pollutants are associated with the plastic, particle identification alone is not enough. Thus, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy methods alone struggle to thoroughly characterize these complex chemical components, particularly in challenging environmental matrices. As questions surrounding microplastic exposure become increasingly important, researchers require analytical techniques capable of examining the chemistry of a sample in greater detail, not simply confirming the presence of the physical particle itself.</div><div><h3>Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS For Deeper Microplastic Analysis</h3>Thermal Desorption (TD) and Pyrolysis (Py) coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/core-analysis/gc-and-gc-ms/">GCxGC-TOFMS</a>) offer a powerful alternative for investigating nano- and microplastics in complex samples. These techniques provide complementary information about sample composition.&nbsp;Thermal desorption releases volatile and adsorbed compounds, including environmental contaminants, degradation products, and VOCs associated with microplastic particles. This can reveal important information about chemicals present within or on the plastic.Pyrolysis thermally deconstructs the polymeric material, breaking it into GC-amenable characteristic degradation compounds. These compounds act as chemical markers that can be used to identify the various polymers present. When analyzing complex or heavily weathered microplastics that may be difficult to characterize using traditional spectroscopic techniques, pyrolysis is particularly advantageous.The most significant benefit comes from pairing these techniques with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Environmental samples often contain hundreds or even thousands of compounds that coelute in 1D GC-MS, making it difficult or impossible to identify each compound. GCxGC provides significantly greater separation capability, helping analysts distinguish important polymer markers from background matrix components. This enhanced separation improves the mass spectrometer’s ability to identify characteristic polymer pyrolysis products, even in highly complex environmental samples. As a result, researchers can detect and identify challenging microplastics without the extensive purification steps often required by other analytical workflows.Another unique advantage of this approach is that thermal desorption and pyrolysis can be used in series on the same sample. Together, they create a more complete chemical profile of the sample.</div><div><h3>A Powerful Microplastics Analysis Workflow for Deeper Insight into the Effects on Our Environment</h3>FTIR and Raman spectroscopy remain valuable tools for rapid screening and flagging samples containing microplastic particles. However, by combining thermal desorption, pyrolysis, and GCxGC-TOFMS, analysts can obtain a much more comprehensive view of plastics in their samples and their environmental implications. As environmental research continues to advance and concerns surrounding microplastic contamination grow, researchers will increasingly require information that extends beyond answering the question,&nbsp;“What plastic is present?”&nbsp;&nbsp;Ultimately, this deeper level of characterization can provide new insights into the environmental fate of microplastics and help scientists better understand their potential impacts on ecosystems and human exposure.</div>

Surpassing the Limits of Traditional Microplastic Analysis Methods with Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS

Oligonucleotide and mRNA Analysis Resource Roundup

NIST26 introduces integrated chromatogram processing, deconvolution, and library searching for EI GC-MS and LC-MS/MS data, but the workflow begins with one essential requirement: chromatographic data must be available in the mzML format. In his presentation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/Conversion_to_mz_ML_63e134bb34.pdf">Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing</a>, James Little of Mass Spec Interpretation Services explains how vendor data can be converted to mzML using either instrument-vendor software or the freely available MSConvert tool from ProteoWizard, and highlights several settings that are critical for successful processing in NIST26.<h4>NIST26 Chromatogram processing requires mzML</h4>For the chromatogram-processing workflow described in the presentation, mzML is the accepted input format. Proprietary LC-MS or GC-MS data therefore need to be converted before they can be loaded into the NIST26 chromatogram-processing environment.There are two principal ways to obtain an mzML file:<ul><li>conversion using software supplied by the instrument manufacturer,</li><li>conversion using MSConvert, which is included in the free ProteoWizard software package.</li></ul>Using an open format such as mzML also provides a practical way to move mass spectrometry data between different software environments without relying exclusively on proprietary vendor formats.<h4>Using ProteoWizard and MSConvert</h4>MSConvert is installed as part of the complete ProteoWizard package rather than as a separate application. After installing ProteoWizard, users can access either the graphical MSConvert interface or the command-line version.The presentation recommends the stable release for routine work, while noting that newer or nightly builds may sometimes provide improved support for recently introduced vendor formats or additional control over data-processing filters. This can be particularly relevant when handling vendor files in which centroiding behavior or peak picking requires closer attention.For most users, the graphical interface provides a straightforward route from proprietary raw data to an mzML file suitable for further NIST26 processing.<h4>Start by selecting mzML as the output format</h4>The first step in MSConvert is to select the source file or dataset using the Browse function.The software supports a broad range of mass spectrometry data formats, and the file-selection window can either be restricted to a particular vendor format or set to display any supported spectral format.After selecting the source data, the output format must be set to mzML. The screenshots in the presentation show this setting directly in the MSConvert options panel before the conversion is started.The user can also select the destination folder and other file-output options before adding the selected dataset to the conversion queue.<h4>Add the data and start the conversion</h4>Once the source file and output settings have been selected, the file is added to the conversion list using the Add command.The conversion itself is then launched with Start.For simple datasets that are already stored in the correct spectral representation, this may be all that is required. However, James Little emphasizes an additional requirement that is particularly important for NIST26: the data must be centroided.<h4>Centroided data are required</h4>According to the presentation, profile-mode data are not acceptable for this NIST26 chromatogram-processing workflow. The spectra must instead be in centroided, or peak-picked, form.Profile spectra contain the full measured shape of each mass spectral signal across the m/z axis. Centroided data reduce these profiles to discrete peaks represented by their characteristic m/z and intensity values.If the original vendor data are still in profile mode, centroiding can be performed during conversion by adding the Peak Picking filter in MSConvert.This means that the conversion step can perform two operations at once:vendor raw data → centroiding / peak picking → mzMLThe resulting mzML file can then be used as input for NIST26 chromatogram processing.<h4>Peak Picking must be the first filter</h4>One of the most important practical details in the presentation is the position of the Peak Picking operation in the MSConvert filter sequence.If centroiding is required, Peak Picking must be the first algorithm or filter in the list. Placing another processing function before it can interfere with the intended conversion workflow.MSConvert allows the user to select the Peak Picking filter, define the relevant MS levels, and add it to the processing sequence before starting conversion. The example shown in the presentation applies vendor-based peak picking to selected MS levels.If there is uncertainty about whether the source data are already centroided, the Peak Picking filter can still be included. According to the presentation, applying it to data that are already centroided does not alter the file unnecessarily.This provides a useful safeguard when the acquisition mode of an older dataset is uncertain.<h4>Selecting the appropriate MS levels</h4>Peak picking does not necessarily have to be applied identically to every spectrum in a dataset. MSConvert allows users to specify the MS levels to which the filter should be applied.This is especially relevant for LC-MS/MS data, where a file can contain both precursor-level MS spectra and tandem MS spectra.The conversion settings should therefore reflect the way the original data were acquired and how those data will subsequently be processed in NIST26.<h4>Be aware of changes in file size</h4>The presentation also notes that converted files may become substantially different in size from the original vendor files.This is worth considering when working with large LC-MS/MS datasets or processing batches of chromatograms. The size of the resulting mzML file can depend on the original acquisition mode, centroiding, compression settings, the number of MS levels, and other output parameters.Storage requirements should therefore be considered before converting large collections of raw data.<h4>A simple workflow for preparing data for NIST26</h4>The overall procedure presented by James Little can be summarized as a short sequence:<ol><li>Obtain the original vendor LC-MS or GC-MS data.</li><li>Open the data in MSConvert or use the vendor's own conversion software.</li><li>Select mzML as the output format.</li><li>Check whether the spectra are centroided.</li><li>If necessary, add Peak Picking as the first processing filter.</li><li>Select the appropriate MS levels.</li><li>Add the file to the conversion list.</li><li>Start the conversion.</li><li>Use the resulting mzML file for NIST26 chromatogram processing.</li></ol>The procedure itself is straightforward, but the centroiding requirement is important. A file can have the correct <code>.mzML</code> extension and still be unsuitable for the workflow if its spectra remain in profile mode.<h4>From vendor data to integrated NIST26 processing</h4>File conversion may appear to be a relatively minor step compared with deconvolution, spectral interpretation, and library searching, but it establishes the foundation for the entire downstream workflow.By using mzML as the common input format, NIST26 can process data originating from different instrument platforms through a more consistent workflow. ProteoWizard and MSConvert provide a practical bridge between proprietary mass spectrometry files and this standardized format.The key message from the presentation is therefore simple: convert to mzML, ensure the spectra are centroided, and place Peak Picking first whenever centroiding is required. Once those conditions are met, the data are ready for the integrated chromatogram-processing and library-searching capabilities available in NIST26.

Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing

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CJC No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29)/Ipamorelin Blend Analysis

HPLC analysis of a CJC No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29) and ipamorelin blend for identification and separate quantification of both peptides in mg per vial.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and separately determine the amount of CJC No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29) and ipamorelin in a combined lyophilized sample. HPLC testing measures both target peptides, with results reported in mg per vial.Peptide purity cannot be reliably determined in blends because impurities originating from the individual peptides may overlap in the chromatographic data and cannot be clearly attributed to a specific component.<h4>CJC No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29) and Ipamorelin</h4>CJC No DAC, also known as MOD GRF (1-29), and ipamorelin are two separate peptides that may be combined in a single product. This analysis is specifically intended for blends containing both target compounds.The final report confirms the identity of both peptides and states the amounts of CJC No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29) and ipamorelin separately.<h4>What the Analysis Determines</h4><ul><li>Identity of CJC No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29)</li><li>Identity of ipamorelin</li><li>Amount of CJC No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29) in the sample</li><li>Amount of ipamorelin in the sample</li><li>Results in mg per vial for each target peptide</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compounds: CJC No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29) and ipamorelin</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format: mg per vial for each target peptide</li><li>Minimum sample amount: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li><li>Peptide purity: not measured</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>Peptide purity cannot be determined for a CJC No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29) and ipamorelin blend. Impurities associated with both peptides may overlap in the chromatographic data and cannot be reliably assigned to the individual target compounds.The final report provides identification and separately measured amounts of both peptides. Peptide purity is not included in the results.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample. Results are reported in mg per vial.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

CJC-1295 DAC Analysis

HPLC analysis of CJC-1295 DAC for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of CJC-1295 DAC in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the actual content of the target peptide and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>CJC-1295 DAC</h4>CJC-1295 DAC is a synthetic peptide composed of 29 amino acid residues. Its structure contains D-alanine and an amidated C-terminus. The stated molecular weight is approximately 3,368 Da.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of CJC-1295 DAC in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h4>What the Analysis Determines</h4><ul><li>Identity of CJC-1295 DAC</li><li>Amount of CJC-1295 DAC in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: CJC-1295 DAC</li><li>CAS number: 446262-90-4</li><li>Molecular weight: 3,368 Da</li><li>Sequence: H-Tyr-D-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Gln-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Ala-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Leu-Ser-Arg-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of CJC-1295 DAC in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample. Results are reported in mg per vial.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

CJC-1295 No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29) Analysis

HPLC analysis of CJC-1295 no DAC – MOD GRF (1-29) for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of CJC-1295 no DAC, also known as MOD GRF (1-29), in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>CJC-1295 No DAC – MOD GRF (1-29)</h4>CJC-1295 no DAC is a synthetic peptide composed of 29 amino acid residues. It is also known as CJC-1295 without DAC or Modified GRF 1-29.Unlike CJC-1295 DAC, this peptide does not contain a Drug Affinity Complex modification. Its structure includes D-alanine and an amidated C-terminus.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of CJC-1295 no DAC in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h4>What the Analysis Determines</h4><ul><li>Identity of CJC-1295 no DAC – MOD GRF (1-29)</li><li>Amount of CJC-1295 no DAC in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: CJC-1295 no DAC</li><li>Other names: CJC-1295 without DAC, Modified GRF 1-29, MOD GRF (1-29)</li><li>Molecular weight: 3,670 Da</li><li>Sequence: Tyr-D-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Gln-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Ala-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Leu-Ser-Arg-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of CJC-1295 no DAC in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample. Results are reported in mg per vial.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

Cortagen Analysis

HPLC analysis of Cortagen for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of Cortagen in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the actual content of the target peptide and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>Cortagen</h4>Cortagen is a short synthetic peptide composed of four amino acid residues and is therefore classified as a tetrapeptide. Its sequence is Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro, and its molecular weight is approximately 430 Da.HPLC analysis confirms whether the sample contains Cortagen, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h4>What the Analysis Determines</h4><ul><li>Identity of Cortagen</li><li>Amount of Cortagen in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Cortagen</li><li>Molecular weight: 430 Da</li><li>Sequence: Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of Cortagen in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample. Results are reported in mg per vial.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

Crystagen Analysis

HPLC analysis of Crystagen for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of Crystagen in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>Crystagen</h4>Crystagen is a short synthetic peptide composed of three amino acid residues and is therefore classified as a tripeptide. Its Glu-Asp-Pro sequence consists of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and proline.The molecular weight of Crystagen is approximately 359 Da. HPLC analysis confirms the presence of Crystagen in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h4>What the Analysis Determines</h4><ul><li>Identity of Crystagen</li><li>Amount of Crystagen in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Crystagen</li><li>Molecular weight: 359 Da</li><li>Sequence: Glu-Asp-Pro-OH</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of Crystagen in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample. Results are reported in mg per vial.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

Avanafil analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of avanafil in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The Avanafil Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of avanafil in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About Avanafil</h4>Avanafil, marketed under names such as Stendra and Spedra, is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. It works by inhibiting PDE5 and thereby supporting the nitric oxide–cGMP signalling pathway involved in smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow.Avanafil is clinically used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It belongs to the same pharmacological class as sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil, but has its own pharmacokinetic and selectivity profile.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of avanafil</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Avanafil</li><li>Other names: Stendra, Spedra</li><li>CAS number: 330784-47-9</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for avanafil. It does not automatically screen the sample for other PDE5 inhibitors, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GCMS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Dapoxetine analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of dapoxetine in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The Dapoxetine Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of dapoxetine in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About Dapoxetine</h4>Dapoxetine is a short-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) developed for on-demand use. It increases serotonin activity in the central nervous system and is used in some countries for the treatment of premature ejaculation.Dapoxetine is marketed under names such as Priligy and EJ-30. Its pharmacological profile differs from longer-acting SSRIs commonly used in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of dapoxetine</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Dapoxetine</li><li>Other names: EJ-30, Priligy</li><li>CAS number: 119356-77-3</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 2 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 10%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for dapoxetine. It does not automatically screen the sample for other SSRIs, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of dapoxetine required for evaluation is 2 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 10%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GCMS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Sildenafil analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of sildenafil in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The Sildenafil Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of sildenafil in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About Sildenafil&nbsp;</h4>Sildenafil, widely known under the trade name Viagra, is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. It inhibits PDE5 and enhances the nitric oxide–cGMP signalling pathway involved in smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow.Sildenafil is clinically used primarily for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and is also used in specific formulations for pulmonary arterial hypertension.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of sildenafil</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Sildenafil</li><li>Other name: Viagra</li><li>CAS number: 139755-83-2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 2 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 10%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for sildenafil. It does not automatically screen the sample for other PDE5 inhibitors, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of sildenafil required for evaluation is 2 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 10%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GCMS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Tadalafil Analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of tadalafil in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The Tadalafil Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of tadalafil in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About Tadalafil</h4>Tadalafil, widely known under the trade name Cialis, is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. It inhibits PDE5 and supports the nitric oxide–cGMP signalling pathway involved in smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow.Tadalafil is clinically used primarily for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and is also used for conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of tadalafil</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Tadalafil</li><li>Other name: Cialis</li><li>CAS number: 171596-29-5</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 2 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 10%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for tadalafil. It does not automatically screen the sample for other PDE5 inhibitors, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of tadalafil required for evaluation is 2 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 10%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GCMS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Vardenafil analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of vardenafil in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The Vardenafil Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of vardenafil in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About Vardenafil</h4>Vardenafil, marketed under names such as Levitra, Staxyn, and Vivanza, is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. It inhibits PDE5 and supports the nitric oxide–cGMP signalling pathway involved in smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow.Vardenafil is clinically used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It belongs to the same pharmacological class as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2519">sildenafil</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2520">tadalafil</a>, and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2517">avanafil</a>.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of vardenafil</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Vardenafil</li><li>Other names: Levitra, Staxyn, Vivanza</li><li>CAS number: 224785-90-4</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 2 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 10%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for vardenafil. It does not automatically screen the sample for other PDE5 inhibitors, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of vardenafil required for evaluation is 2 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 10%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Products focused on Laboratory analysis - page 9

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