Microplastics have emerged as one of the most widely discussed environmental contaminants of our time. Regardless of where we live, daily exposure to microplastics has become virtually unavoidable—these tiny plastic particles are present in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the environments we inhabit. As researchers work to better understand the sources, transport pathways, and impacts of microplastics, the demand for reliable microplastic analysis methods continues to grow.While techniques such as FTIR and Raman spectroscopy have become standard tools for identifying microplastics, their utility is limited for smaller particles (i.e. nanoplastics) and in complex matrices. More advanced microplastic analysis methods can provide a deeper understanding of what these particles contain and how they may change over time in the environment.<div><h3>The Limits of Spectroscopic Microplastic Analysis Methods</h3>Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy are widely used microplastic analysis methods because they can identify polymer types by measuring how electromagnetic radiation interacts with a material. These techniques are valuable for determining whether a particle is polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or another common plastic. For many studies, this information is sufficient to confirm the presence of microplastics, especially in clean samples with sufficient microplastic density.However, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/environmental/">environmental samples</a> are rarely clean and compositionally simple. Microplastic particles can become weathered and obscured by other materials in the environment, making their accurate identification with spectroscopy difficult. Additionally, if researchers want to understand what additives, degradation products, or pollutants are associated with the plastic, particle identification alone is not enough. Thus, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy methods alone struggle to thoroughly characterize these complex chemical components, particularly in challenging environmental matrices. As questions surrounding microplastic exposure become increasingly important, researchers require analytical techniques capable of examining the chemistry of a sample in greater detail, not simply confirming the presence of the physical particle itself.</div><div><h3>Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS For Deeper Microplastic Analysis</h3>Thermal Desorption (TD) and Pyrolysis (Py) coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/core-analysis/gc-and-gc-ms/">GCxGC-TOFMS</a>) offer a powerful alternative for investigating nano- and microplastics in complex samples. These techniques provide complementary information about sample composition.&nbsp;Thermal desorption releases volatile and adsorbed compounds, including environmental contaminants, degradation products, and VOCs associated with microplastic particles. This can reveal important information about chemicals present within or on the plastic.Pyrolysis thermally deconstructs the polymeric material, breaking it into GC-amenable characteristic degradation compounds. These compounds act as chemical markers that can be used to identify the various polymers present. When analyzing complex or heavily weathered microplastics that may be difficult to characterize using traditional spectroscopic techniques, pyrolysis is particularly advantageous.The most significant benefit comes from pairing these techniques with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Environmental samples often contain hundreds or even thousands of compounds that coelute in 1D GC-MS, making it difficult or impossible to identify each compound. GCxGC provides significantly greater separation capability, helping analysts distinguish important polymer markers from background matrix components. This enhanced separation improves the mass spectrometer’s ability to identify characteristic polymer pyrolysis products, even in highly complex environmental samples. As a result, researchers can detect and identify challenging microplastics without the extensive purification steps often required by other analytical workflows.Another unique advantage of this approach is that thermal desorption and pyrolysis can be used in series on the same sample. Together, they create a more complete chemical profile of the sample.</div><div><h3>A Powerful Microplastics Analysis Workflow for Deeper Insight into the Effects on Our Environment</h3>FTIR and Raman spectroscopy remain valuable tools for rapid screening and flagging samples containing microplastic particles. However, by combining thermal desorption, pyrolysis, and GCxGC-TOFMS, analysts can obtain a much more comprehensive view of plastics in their samples and their environmental implications. As environmental research continues to advance and concerns surrounding microplastic contamination grow, researchers will increasingly require information that extends beyond answering the question,&nbsp;“What plastic is present?”&nbsp;&nbsp;Ultimately, this deeper level of characterization can provide new insights into the environmental fate of microplastics and help scientists better understand their potential impacts on ecosystems and human exposure.</div>

Surpassing the Limits of Traditional Microplastic Analysis Methods with Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS

Oligonucleotide and mRNA Analysis Resource Roundup

NIST26 introduces integrated chromatogram processing, deconvolution, and library searching for EI GC-MS and LC-MS/MS data, but the workflow begins with one essential requirement: chromatographic data must be available in the mzML format. In his presentation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/Conversion_to_mz_ML_63e134bb34.pdf">Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing</a>, James Little of Mass Spec Interpretation Services explains how vendor data can be converted to mzML using either instrument-vendor software or the freely available MSConvert tool from ProteoWizard, and highlights several settings that are critical for successful processing in NIST26.<h4>NIST26 Chromatogram processing requires mzML</h4>For the chromatogram-processing workflow described in the presentation, mzML is the accepted input format. Proprietary LC-MS or GC-MS data therefore need to be converted before they can be loaded into the NIST26 chromatogram-processing environment.There are two principal ways to obtain an mzML file:<ul><li>conversion using software supplied by the instrument manufacturer,</li><li>conversion using MSConvert, which is included in the free ProteoWizard software package.</li></ul>Using an open format such as mzML also provides a practical way to move mass spectrometry data between different software environments without relying exclusively on proprietary vendor formats.<h4>Using ProteoWizard and MSConvert</h4>MSConvert is installed as part of the complete ProteoWizard package rather than as a separate application. After installing ProteoWizard, users can access either the graphical MSConvert interface or the command-line version.The presentation recommends the stable release for routine work, while noting that newer or nightly builds may sometimes provide improved support for recently introduced vendor formats or additional control over data-processing filters. This can be particularly relevant when handling vendor files in which centroiding behavior or peak picking requires closer attention.For most users, the graphical interface provides a straightforward route from proprietary raw data to an mzML file suitable for further NIST26 processing.<h4>Start by selecting mzML as the output format</h4>The first step in MSConvert is to select the source file or dataset using the Browse function.The software supports a broad range of mass spectrometry data formats, and the file-selection window can either be restricted to a particular vendor format or set to display any supported spectral format.After selecting the source data, the output format must be set to mzML. The screenshots in the presentation show this setting directly in the MSConvert options panel before the conversion is started.The user can also select the destination folder and other file-output options before adding the selected dataset to the conversion queue.<h4>Add the data and start the conversion</h4>Once the source file and output settings have been selected, the file is added to the conversion list using the Add command.The conversion itself is then launched with Start.For simple datasets that are already stored in the correct spectral representation, this may be all that is required. However, James Little emphasizes an additional requirement that is particularly important for NIST26: the data must be centroided.<h4>Centroided data are required</h4>According to the presentation, profile-mode data are not acceptable for this NIST26 chromatogram-processing workflow. The spectra must instead be in centroided, or peak-picked, form.Profile spectra contain the full measured shape of each mass spectral signal across the m/z axis. Centroided data reduce these profiles to discrete peaks represented by their characteristic m/z and intensity values.If the original vendor data are still in profile mode, centroiding can be performed during conversion by adding the Peak Picking filter in MSConvert.This means that the conversion step can perform two operations at once:vendor raw data → centroiding / peak picking → mzMLThe resulting mzML file can then be used as input for NIST26 chromatogram processing.<h4>Peak Picking must be the first filter</h4>One of the most important practical details in the presentation is the position of the Peak Picking operation in the MSConvert filter sequence.If centroiding is required, Peak Picking must be the first algorithm or filter in the list. Placing another processing function before it can interfere with the intended conversion workflow.MSConvert allows the user to select the Peak Picking filter, define the relevant MS levels, and add it to the processing sequence before starting conversion. The example shown in the presentation applies vendor-based peak picking to selected MS levels.If there is uncertainty about whether the source data are already centroided, the Peak Picking filter can still be included. According to the presentation, applying it to data that are already centroided does not alter the file unnecessarily.This provides a useful safeguard when the acquisition mode of an older dataset is uncertain.<h4>Selecting the appropriate MS levels</h4>Peak picking does not necessarily have to be applied identically to every spectrum in a dataset. MSConvert allows users to specify the MS levels to which the filter should be applied.This is especially relevant for LC-MS/MS data, where a file can contain both precursor-level MS spectra and tandem MS spectra.The conversion settings should therefore reflect the way the original data were acquired and how those data will subsequently be processed in NIST26.<h4>Be aware of changes in file size</h4>The presentation also notes that converted files may become substantially different in size from the original vendor files.This is worth considering when working with large LC-MS/MS datasets or processing batches of chromatograms. The size of the resulting mzML file can depend on the original acquisition mode, centroiding, compression settings, the number of MS levels, and other output parameters.Storage requirements should therefore be considered before converting large collections of raw data.<h4>A simple workflow for preparing data for NIST26</h4>The overall procedure presented by James Little can be summarized as a short sequence:<ol><li>Obtain the original vendor LC-MS or GC-MS data.</li><li>Open the data in MSConvert or use the vendor's own conversion software.</li><li>Select mzML as the output format.</li><li>Check whether the spectra are centroided.</li><li>If necessary, add Peak Picking as the first processing filter.</li><li>Select the appropriate MS levels.</li><li>Add the file to the conversion list.</li><li>Start the conversion.</li><li>Use the resulting mzML file for NIST26 chromatogram processing.</li></ol>The procedure itself is straightforward, but the centroiding requirement is important. A file can have the correct <code>.mzML</code> extension and still be unsuitable for the workflow if its spectra remain in profile mode.<h4>From vendor data to integrated NIST26 processing</h4>File conversion may appear to be a relatively minor step compared with deconvolution, spectral interpretation, and library searching, but it establishes the foundation for the entire downstream workflow.By using mzML as the common input format, NIST26 can process data originating from different instrument platforms through a more consistent workflow. ProteoWizard and MSConvert provide a practical bridge between proprietary mass spectrometry files and this standardized format.The key message from the presentation is therefore simple: convert to mzML, ensure the spectra are centroided, and place Peak Picking first whenever centroiding is required. Once those conditions are met, the data are ready for the integrated chromatogram-processing and library-searching capabilities available in NIST26.

Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing

Article

Academy

Environment

Science and research

Software

Video

A unique company dedicated to serving science helping our customers drive productivity and accelerate results. Through our premier brands – Thermo Scientific, Applied Biosystems, Invitrogen, Fisher Scientific and Unity Lab Services.

Thermo Fisher Scientific

In 1936, the Laboratory Equipment Company introduced the first rapid carbon determinator for the American iron and steel industry.  Today, almost 80 years later, LECO is recognized globally as a leader in the development of high-quality analytical instrumentation, mass spectrometers, comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography, metallography & optical equipment as well as consumables.

LECO

My main interest is the identification of organic compounds by mass spectrometry in organic mixtures.

James Little/Mass Spec Interpretation Services

Endotoxin analysis

LAL analysis for detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins in liquid solutions and lyophilised samples, with results reported in EU/ml or EU/vial.

The Endotoxin Analysis is a laboratory test designed to detect and quantify bacterial endotoxins in suitable samples using the LAL (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) assay.The analysis is intended for liquid solutions and lyophilised samples in vials. Results are reported in endotoxin units (EU), either per vial or per millilitre depending on the sample format.<h4>About Endotoxins</h4>Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They can remain present even after bacterial cells are no longer viable and are therefore an important quality and safety parameter for pharmaceutical and laboratory products.The LAL assay is widely used for the detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins due to its high sensitivity.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins</li><li>Analysis by LAL assay</li><li>Suitable for liquid solutions and lyophilised samples in vials</li><li>Results for lyophilised samples reported in EU/vial</li><li>Results for liquid solutions reported in EU/ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 1 ml solution or 1 vial</li><li>Standard analysis accurately quantifies values up to 10 EU/vial</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Testing method: LAL assay</li><li>Amount of sample required: 1 ml solution or 1 vial</li><li>Result format for vial with lyophilisate: EU/vial</li><li>Result format for liquid solution: EU/ml</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>The standard endotoxin analysis provides accurate results for values up to 10 EU/vial. Values above 10 EU/vial are estimated.</li><li>If a fully quantitative result above this range is required, an additional test using another vial and an appropriate dilution is necessary. Sending two vials is therefore recommended when elevated endotoxin levels may be expected.</li><li>If values above 10 EU/vial are expected in advance, this should be communicated before testing so that the sample can be analysed using an appropriately calibrated procedure.</li><li>Endotoxin analysis is not offered for oils, raw API powders, tablets, or capsules.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Clenbuterol Analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of clenbuterol in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The Clenbuterol Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of clenbuterol in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in micrograms per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About Clenbuterol</h4>Clenbuterol is a synthetic beta-2 adrenergic agonist with bronchodilator activity. It stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors and can affect smooth muscle tone, cardiovascular function, and metabolic processes.Clenbuterol has been used therapeutically in some countries for respiratory conditions, but it is not approved for human use in many jurisdictions. It is also known for non-medical use related to its stimulant and metabolic effects.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of clenbuterol</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mcg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Clenbuterol</li><li>Other name: Clen</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 15 mcg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 5%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mcg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for clenbuterol. It does not automatically screen the sample for other beta-2 agonists, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of clenbuterol required for evaluation is 15 mcg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 5%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Dihexa analysis

HPLC analysis of Dihexa for identification, amount and purity in tablets, capsules, lyophilized samples and raw API powders, with optional solvent selection.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of Dihexa in tablets, capsules, lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target compound content and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>Dihexa</h4>Dihexa is a synthetic peptide-derived compound with the sequence Hexanoyl-Tyr-Ile-Ahx-NH2. Its molecular weight is approximately 504 Da.An important consideration in Dihexa analysis is its limited solubility in water. The choice of solvent can therefore significantly affect how much of the compound enters solution and can subsequently be measured by HPLC. Water is used as the standard preparation procedure for lyophilized samples, while DMSO and methanol are available as alternative solvents.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of Dihexa</li><li>Amount of Dihexa in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Dihexa content per tablet or capsule</li><li>Dihexa content in mg per vial for lyophilized samples</li><li>Optional m/m purity for raw API powders</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: Dihexa</li><li>CAS number: 1401708-83-5</li><li>Molecular weight: 504 Da</li><li>Sequence: Hexanoyl-Tyr-Ile-Ahx-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule and peptide purity</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum oral sample: 3 tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Default solvent for lyophilized samples: water</li><li>Optional solvents: DMSO or methanol</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Important Notice – Dihexa Solubility</h4>Dihexa has limited solubility in water, which must be considered particularly when analyzing lyophilized samples.<h5>Water – Standard Procedure</h5>Water is the default solvent used for standard sample preparation. However, Dihexa is poorly soluble in water. Insoluble particles are removed by filtration before HPLC analysis because only material transferred into solution can be analyzed.If part of the Dihexa remains undissolved, it may be removed during filtration and the measured concentration may therefore be lower than the total amount originally present in the sample.<h5>DMSO</h5>DMSO provides improved dissolution of Dihexa and reduces potential losses caused by removing insoluble particles before analysis. When DMSO is selected, the prepared solution is intended for analytical testing only.<h5>Methanol</h5>Methanol provides very good dissolution of Dihexa and is suitable when maximizing extraction of the target compound before HPLC analysis is required. The resulting solution is likewise intended for analytical testing only.For tablets and capsules, the standard analytical procedure is recommended.The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders.<h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>Solvent – Methanol</h5><ul><li>Methanol can be used instead of the standard aqueous preparation procedure. Its improved ability to dissolve Dihexa can reduce losses associated with removal of insoluble material.</li></ul><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Solvent – DMSO</h5><ul><li>DMSO can be used to dissolve Dihexa before analysis. This option can improve transfer of the target compound into solution and reduce losses during filtration.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

DSIP analysis

HPLC analysis of DSIP for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of DSIP in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>DSIP</h4>DSIP, or Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, is a short peptide composed of nine amino acid residues. It is also known as Sleep-Promoting Peptide.Its sequence is H-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu-OH, and its molecular weight is approximately 849 Da.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of DSIP in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of DSIP</li><li>Amount of DSIP in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: DSIP</li><li>Other names: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, Sleep-Promoting Peptide</li><li>CAS number: 62568-57-4</li><li>Molecular weight: 849 Da</li><li>Sequence: H-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu-OH</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of DSIP in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

Elamipretide (SS-31) Analysis

HPLC analysis of Elamipretide (SS-31) for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of Elamipretide (SS-31) in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>Elamipretide (SS-31)</h4>Elamipretide, also known as SS-31, is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide. Its structure contains alternating basic and aromatic amino acid residues, and research has particularly investigated its interactions with mitochondrial membranes and mitochondrial bioenergetics.Its peptide sequence is H-D-Arg-Tyr(2,6-diMe)-Lys-Phe-NH2 and includes D-arginine and the modified amino acid 2,6-dimethyltyrosine. Elamipretide is also widely referred to as SS-31.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of SS-31 in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of Elamipretide (SS-31)</li><li>Amount of Elamipretide in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: SS-31</li><li>Other name: Elamipretide</li><li>CAS number: 736992-21-5</li><li>Sequence: H-D-Arg-Tyr(2,6-diMe)-Lys-Phe-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of Elamipretide in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

Epithalon Analysis

HPLC analysis of Epithalon for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of Epithalon in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>Epithalon</h4>Epithalon, also known as Epitalon, is a short synthetic tetrapeptide composed of four amino acid residues. Its sequence is H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH, and its molecular weight is approximately 390 Da.This analysis is specifically intended for standard Epithalon. Other variants or modified forms, such as NA Epithalon, are not the target compound of this method and require an appropriate separate analysis.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of Epithalon in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of Epithalon</li><li>Amount of Epithalon in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: Epithalon</li><li>Other name: Epitalon</li><li>CAS number: 64082-79-7</li><li>Molecular weight: 390 Da</li><li>Sequence: H-Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly-OH</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>Before ordering the analysis, make sure that the sample contains standard Epithalon. Other variants, such as NA Epithalon, are not the target compound of this test.The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of Epithalon in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

FOXO4-DRI Analysis

HPLC analysis of FOXO4-DRI for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of FOXO4-DRI, also referred to as FOX04-DRI, in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>FOXO4-DRI</h4>FOXO4-DRI is a synthetic peptide with a molecular weight of approximately 5,358 Da. Its sequence contains 46 amino acid residues and includes a highly basic C-terminal region rich in arginine and lysine residues.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of FOXO4-DRI in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of FOXO4-DRI</li><li>Amount of FOXO4-DRI in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: FOXO4-DRI</li><li>Other name: FOX04-DRI</li><li>CAS number: 2460055-10-9</li><li>Molecular weight: 5,358 Da</li><li>Sequence: Leu-Thr-Leu-Arg-Lys-Glu-Pro-Ala-Ser-Glu-Ile-Ala-Gln-Ser-Ile-Leu-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Ser-Gln-Asn-Gly-Trp-Ala-Asn-Arg-Arg-Ser-Gly-Gly-Lys-Arg-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Gly-OH</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of FOXO4-DRI in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

GHRP-2 Analysis

HPLC analysis of GHRP-2 for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of GHRP-2 in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h4>GHRP-2</h4>GHRP-2, or Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acid residues. It is also known as Growth Hormone Secretagogue 2.Its sequence is H-D-Ala-D-2Nal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 and contains several modified amino acid residues, including D-alanine, D-2Nal and D-phenylalanine. The molecular weight of GHRP-2 is approximately 818 Da.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of GHRP-2 in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of GHRP-2</li><li>Amount of GHRP-2 in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: GHRP-2</li><li>Other names: Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, Growth Hormone Secretagogue 2</li><li>CAS number: 158861-67-7</li><li>Molecular weight: 818 Da</li><li>Sequence: H-D-Ala-D-2Nal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of GHRP-2 in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

GHRP-6 Analysis

HPLC analysis of GHRP-6 for identity confirmation, amount determination and peptide purity in lyophilized samples and raw API powders.

This analysis is designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount and peptide purity of GHRP-6 in lyophilized samples and raw API powders. HPLC testing provides information about the target peptide content of the sample and its purity relative to chromatographically detectable impurities.<h5>GHRP-6</h5>GHRP-6, or Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6, is a synthetic peptide composed of six amino acid residues. It is also known as Growth Hormone Secretagogue 6.Its sequence is H-DL-His-DL-Trp-DL-Ala-DL-Trp-DL-Phe-DL-Lys-NH2, and its molecular weight is approximately 873 Da.HPLC analysis confirms the presence of GHRP-6 in the sample, determines its amount and evaluates peptide purity.<h5>What the Analysis Determines</h5><ul><li>Identity of GHRP-6</li><li>Amount of GHRP-6 in the sample</li><li>Peptide purity</li><li>Results in a format appropriate for the submitted sample type</li></ul><h5>Analysis Parameters</h5><ul><li>Target compound: GHRP-6</li><li>Other names: Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6, Growth Hormone Secretagogue 6</li><li>CAS number: 87616-84-0</li><li>Molecular weight: 873 Da</li><li>Sequence: H-DL-His-DL-Trp-DL-Ala-DL-Trp-DL-Phe-DL-Lys-NH2</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Detection limit: less than one twentieth of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for lyophilizates: mg per vial and peptide purity</li><li>Alternative result format: m/m purity and peptide purity</li><li>Minimum lyophilizate sample: one whole unopened vial containing the lyophilizate</li><li>Minimum raw API powder sample: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent moisture absorption</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote><h5>Important Notice</h5>The alternative m/m purity result format is intended exclusively for raw API powders. For lyophilized samples, the standard result format provides the amount of GHRP-6 in mg per vial together with peptide purity.</blockquote><h4>Additional Analyses</h4><h5>TFA Analysis</h5><ul><li>Detection and measurement of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the sample.</li></ul><h5>Raw Data</h5><ul><li>Delivery of the available raw analytical data from the primary test and all applicable additional analyses.</li></ul><h5>Fentanyl Presence Analysis</h5><h5>Alternative Result Format – m/m Purity</h5><ul><li>Alternative reporting of the result as mass-by-mass purity. This option is intended exclusively for raw API powders.</li></ul><h5>Variance Testing</h5><ul><li>Analysis of multiple sample units to assess variation within a single batch. All submitted samples must originate from the same batch of the same product.</li></ul><h5>pH Measurement</h5><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Measurement of bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in the sample. This analysis is available only for finished products and should not be ordered for raw powders.</li><li>The standard test provides accurate results up to 10 EU per vial. Values above 10 EU per vial are estimated and require an additional test with a different dilution for precise determination. Sending two vials is therefore recommended.</li><li>Where endotoxin levels above 10 EU per vial are expected, the method can be calibrated for the higher range in advance.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></h5><ul><li>Elemental analysis providing accurate measurement of nitrogen and sulphur content. The results can be used to determine Net Peptide Content (NPC).</li></ul><h5>Additional Report</h5><ul><li>A separate additional laboratory report issued under a different client name.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LC-MS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></h5><ul><li>LC-MS screening for contamination with other peptides or peptide degradation products. Detection is limited to peptides included in the available testing portfolio.</li><li>The initial screening provides identification only. If contamination is detected, quantitative measurement may subsequently be ordered.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing</a></h5><ul><li>TAMC and TYMC testing checks the product for the presence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Additional unopened sample units must be submitted for analysis. The average turnaround time for this test is 14 days.</li></ul><h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis</a></h5><ul><li>Detection of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in the sample. Testing for other metals can be arranged individually.</li></ul>

Estradiol Blind Screening

Blind HPLC screening of estradiol and selected estradiol esters in oil samples and raw API powders, including identification and quantification of mixtures.

The Estradiol Blind Screening is a targeted laboratory test designed to identify and quantify estradiol and selected estradiol esters in oil-based samples and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.With blind testing, the specific estradiol ester does not need to be declared in advance. All target compounds included in the analysis are screened, identified, and quantified, including mixtures containing more than one estradiol form.<h4>About Estradiol and Estradiol Esters</h4>Estradiol is a naturally occurring estrogen hormone. Esterification of estradiol produces derivatives with different physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties.This screening covers estradiol without an ester as well as several commonly encountered estradiol esters, including benzoate, cypionate, enanthate, undecylenate, and valerate. Estradiol hemihydrate is also included in the screening.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Blind identification and quantification of estradiol and selected estradiol esters</li><li>No need to specify the expected ester before testing</li><li>Detection of multiple estradiol forms within mixtures</li><li>Suitable for oil-based samples and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oil samples reported in mg/ml</li><li>Alternative results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 0.5–1 ml for oil samples</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compounds: Estradiol hemihydrate, Estradiol benzoate, Estradiol cypionate, Estradiol enanthate, Estradiol no ester, Estradiol undecylenate, Estradiol valerate</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oil samples: mg/ml</li><li>Alternative result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oil samples: 0.5–1 ml of oil</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>Due to limitations of the analytical method, estradiol hemihydrate will be identified as estradiol no ester (estradiol base).</li><li>The analysis covers only the estradiol forms listed in the analysis parameters. It does not automatically screen the sample for other estrogens, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GC–MS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing (TAMC + TYMC)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Products focused on Laboratory analysis - page 7

Related content

Oligonucleotide and mRNA Analysis Resource Roundup

Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing

Surpassing the Limits of Traditional Microplastic Analysis Methods with Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS