Microplastics have emerged as one of the most widely discussed environmental contaminants of our time. Regardless of where we live, daily exposure to microplastics has become virtually unavoidable—these tiny plastic particles are present in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the environments we inhabit. As researchers work to better understand the sources, transport pathways, and impacts of microplastics, the demand for reliable microplastic analysis methods continues to grow.While techniques such as FTIR and Raman spectroscopy have become standard tools for identifying microplastics, their utility is limited for smaller particles (i.e. nanoplastics) and in complex matrices. More advanced microplastic analysis methods can provide a deeper understanding of what these particles contain and how they may change over time in the environment.<div><h3>The Limits of Spectroscopic Microplastic Analysis Methods</h3>Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy are widely used microplastic analysis methods because they can identify polymer types by measuring how electromagnetic radiation interacts with a material. These techniques are valuable for determining whether a particle is polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or another common plastic. For many studies, this information is sufficient to confirm the presence of microplastics, especially in clean samples with sufficient microplastic density.However, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/environmental/">environmental samples</a> are rarely clean and compositionally simple. Microplastic particles can become weathered and obscured by other materials in the environment, making their accurate identification with spectroscopy difficult. Additionally, if researchers want to understand what additives, degradation products, or pollutants are associated with the plastic, particle identification alone is not enough. Thus, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy methods alone struggle to thoroughly characterize these complex chemical components, particularly in challenging environmental matrices. As questions surrounding microplastic exposure become increasingly important, researchers require analytical techniques capable of examining the chemistry of a sample in greater detail, not simply confirming the presence of the physical particle itself.</div><div><h3>Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS For Deeper Microplastic Analysis</h3>Thermal Desorption (TD) and Pyrolysis (Py) coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/core-analysis/gc-and-gc-ms/">GCxGC-TOFMS</a>) offer a powerful alternative for investigating nano- and microplastics in complex samples. These techniques provide complementary information about sample composition.&nbsp;Thermal desorption releases volatile and adsorbed compounds, including environmental contaminants, degradation products, and VOCs associated with microplastic particles. This can reveal important information about chemicals present within or on the plastic.Pyrolysis thermally deconstructs the polymeric material, breaking it into GC-amenable characteristic degradation compounds. These compounds act as chemical markers that can be used to identify the various polymers present. When analyzing complex or heavily weathered microplastics that may be difficult to characterize using traditional spectroscopic techniques, pyrolysis is particularly advantageous.The most significant benefit comes from pairing these techniques with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Environmental samples often contain hundreds or even thousands of compounds that coelute in 1D GC-MS, making it difficult or impossible to identify each compound. GCxGC provides significantly greater separation capability, helping analysts distinguish important polymer markers from background matrix components. This enhanced separation improves the mass spectrometer’s ability to identify characteristic polymer pyrolysis products, even in highly complex environmental samples. As a result, researchers can detect and identify challenging microplastics without the extensive purification steps often required by other analytical workflows.Another unique advantage of this approach is that thermal desorption and pyrolysis can be used in series on the same sample. Together, they create a more complete chemical profile of the sample.</div><div><h3>A Powerful Microplastics Analysis Workflow for Deeper Insight into the Effects on Our Environment</h3>FTIR and Raman spectroscopy remain valuable tools for rapid screening and flagging samples containing microplastic particles. However, by combining thermal desorption, pyrolysis, and GCxGC-TOFMS, analysts can obtain a much more comprehensive view of plastics in their samples and their environmental implications. As environmental research continues to advance and concerns surrounding microplastic contamination grow, researchers will increasingly require information that extends beyond answering the question,&nbsp;“What plastic is present?”&nbsp;&nbsp;Ultimately, this deeper level of characterization can provide new insights into the environmental fate of microplastics and help scientists better understand their potential impacts on ecosystems and human exposure.</div>

Surpassing the Limits of Traditional Microplastic Analysis Methods with Thermal Desorption and Pyrolysis GCxGC-TOFMS

Oligonucleotide and mRNA Analysis Resource Roundup

NIST26 introduces integrated chromatogram processing, deconvolution, and library searching for EI GC-MS and LC-MS/MS data, but the workflow begins with one essential requirement: chromatographic data must be available in the mzML format. In his presentation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/pdf/Conversion_to_mz_ML_63e134bb34.pdf">Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing</a>, James Little of Mass Spec Interpretation Services explains how vendor data can be converted to mzML using either instrument-vendor software or the freely available MSConvert tool from ProteoWizard, and highlights several settings that are critical for successful processing in NIST26.<h4>NIST26 Chromatogram processing requires mzML</h4>For the chromatogram-processing workflow described in the presentation, mzML is the accepted input format. Proprietary LC-MS or GC-MS data therefore need to be converted before they can be loaded into the NIST26 chromatogram-processing environment.There are two principal ways to obtain an mzML file:<ul><li>conversion using software supplied by the instrument manufacturer,</li><li>conversion using MSConvert, which is included in the free ProteoWizard software package.</li></ul>Using an open format such as mzML also provides a practical way to move mass spectrometry data between different software environments without relying exclusively on proprietary vendor formats.<h4>Using ProteoWizard and MSConvert</h4>MSConvert is installed as part of the complete ProteoWizard package rather than as a separate application. After installing ProteoWizard, users can access either the graphical MSConvert interface or the command-line version.The presentation recommends the stable release for routine work, while noting that newer or nightly builds may sometimes provide improved support for recently introduced vendor formats or additional control over data-processing filters. This can be particularly relevant when handling vendor files in which centroiding behavior or peak picking requires closer attention.For most users, the graphical interface provides a straightforward route from proprietary raw data to an mzML file suitable for further NIST26 processing.<h4>Start by selecting mzML as the output format</h4>The first step in MSConvert is to select the source file or dataset using the Browse function.The software supports a broad range of mass spectrometry data formats, and the file-selection window can either be restricted to a particular vendor format or set to display any supported spectral format.After selecting the source data, the output format must be set to mzML. The screenshots in the presentation show this setting directly in the MSConvert options panel before the conversion is started.The user can also select the destination folder and other file-output options before adding the selected dataset to the conversion queue.<h4>Add the data and start the conversion</h4>Once the source file and output settings have been selected, the file is added to the conversion list using the Add command.The conversion itself is then launched with Start.For simple datasets that are already stored in the correct spectral representation, this may be all that is required. However, James Little emphasizes an additional requirement that is particularly important for NIST26: the data must be centroided.<h4>Centroided data are required</h4>According to the presentation, profile-mode data are not acceptable for this NIST26 chromatogram-processing workflow. The spectra must instead be in centroided, or peak-picked, form.Profile spectra contain the full measured shape of each mass spectral signal across the m/z axis. Centroided data reduce these profiles to discrete peaks represented by their characteristic m/z and intensity values.If the original vendor data are still in profile mode, centroiding can be performed during conversion by adding the Peak Picking filter in MSConvert.This means that the conversion step can perform two operations at once:vendor raw data → centroiding / peak picking → mzMLThe resulting mzML file can then be used as input for NIST26 chromatogram processing.<h4>Peak Picking must be the first filter</h4>One of the most important practical details in the presentation is the position of the Peak Picking operation in the MSConvert filter sequence.If centroiding is required, Peak Picking must be the first algorithm or filter in the list. Placing another processing function before it can interfere with the intended conversion workflow.MSConvert allows the user to select the Peak Picking filter, define the relevant MS levels, and add it to the processing sequence before starting conversion. The example shown in the presentation applies vendor-based peak picking to selected MS levels.If there is uncertainty about whether the source data are already centroided, the Peak Picking filter can still be included. According to the presentation, applying it to data that are already centroided does not alter the file unnecessarily.This provides a useful safeguard when the acquisition mode of an older dataset is uncertain.<h4>Selecting the appropriate MS levels</h4>Peak picking does not necessarily have to be applied identically to every spectrum in a dataset. MSConvert allows users to specify the MS levels to which the filter should be applied.This is especially relevant for LC-MS/MS data, where a file can contain both precursor-level MS spectra and tandem MS spectra.The conversion settings should therefore reflect the way the original data were acquired and how those data will subsequently be processed in NIST26.<h4>Be aware of changes in file size</h4>The presentation also notes that converted files may become substantially different in size from the original vendor files.This is worth considering when working with large LC-MS/MS datasets or processing batches of chromatograms. The size of the resulting mzML file can depend on the original acquisition mode, centroiding, compression settings, the number of MS levels, and other output parameters.Storage requirements should therefore be considered before converting large collections of raw data.<h4>A simple workflow for preparing data for NIST26</h4>The overall procedure presented by James Little can be summarized as a short sequence:<ol><li>Obtain the original vendor LC-MS or GC-MS data.</li><li>Open the data in MSConvert or use the vendor's own conversion software.</li><li>Select mzML as the output format.</li><li>Check whether the spectra are centroided.</li><li>If necessary, add Peak Picking as the first processing filter.</li><li>Select the appropriate MS levels.</li><li>Add the file to the conversion list.</li><li>Start the conversion.</li><li>Use the resulting mzML file for NIST26 chromatogram processing.</li></ol>The procedure itself is straightforward, but the centroiding requirement is important. A file can have the correct <code>.mzML</code> extension and still be unsuitable for the workflow if its spectra remain in profile mode.<h4>From vendor data to integrated NIST26 processing</h4>File conversion may appear to be a relatively minor step compared with deconvolution, spectral interpretation, and library searching, but it establishes the foundation for the entire downstream workflow.By using mzML as the common input format, NIST26 can process data originating from different instrument platforms through a more consistent workflow. ProteoWizard and MSConvert provide a practical bridge between proprietary mass spectrometry files and this standardized format.The key message from the presentation is therefore simple: convert to mzML, ensure the spectra are centroided, and place Peak Picking first whenever centroiding is required. Once those conditions are met, the data are ready for the integrated chromatogram-processing and library-searching capabilities available in NIST26.

Conversion to mzML Format for NIST26 Chromatogram Processing

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Follistatin Analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of follistatin in lyophilised vials and raw API powders, confirming identity and determining the amount of the compound.

The Follistatin Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of follistatin in lyophilised vials and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.For lyophilised samples, results are reported in milligrams per vial. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). Follistatin is a protein rather than a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About Follistatin</h4>Follistatin is a naturally occurring glycoprotein that binds activin with high affinity and regulates its biological activity. It also interacts with other members of the TGF-β superfamily and has been studied in connection with processes including muscle growth, reproduction, and tissue regulation.Follistatin occurs in several molecular forms and is widely used as a research target in studies of activin signalling and related biological pathways.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of follistatin</li><li>Suitable for lyophilised vials and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for lyophilised samples reported in mg per vial</li><li>Alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of one whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 30 mg for raw API powder</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Follistatin</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for lyophilisate: mg per vial</li><li>Alternative result format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for lyophilisate: One whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powder: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent the sample from absorbing moisture</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>Follistatin is a protein rather than a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>For lyophilised samples, one whole unopened vial containing lyophilisate is required.</li><li>Raw API powder should be supplied as at least 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to minimise moisture absorption.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?search=Endotoxin">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing (TAMC + TYMC)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

L-Carnitine analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of L-carnitine in tablets, capsules, liquid samples, and raw API powders, confirming identity and determining content.

The L-Carnitine Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of L-carnitine in oral dosage forms, liquid samples, and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for tablets and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule, as well as liquid samples, with results reported in mg/ml. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m).<h4>About L-Carnitine</h4>L-carnitine is a naturally occurring compound involved in mitochondrial fatty-acid metabolism. Its primary biological role is to transport long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane, enabling their subsequent beta-oxidation and use as a source of cellular energy.In the human body, L-carnitine is obtained from dietary sources and can also be synthesised endogenously from the amino acids lysine and methionine. It is concentrated particularly in tissues with high energy demands, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, and is also used therapeutically in the management of primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of L-carnitine</li><li>Suitable for tablets, capsules, liquid samples, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for liquid samples reported in mg/ml</li><li>Alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum liquid sample amount of 0.5–1 ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: L-Carnitine</li><li>CAS number: 541-15-1</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for liquid samples: mg/ml</li><li>Alternative result format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for liquid samples: 0.5–1 ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for L-carnitine. It does not automatically screen the sample for related carnitine derivatives, contaminants, or undeclared substances unless an additional screening service is ordered.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available as an alternative result format.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Lipo-C (L-Carnitine content, L-Arginine Content, B12 Content, Total Solids)

Lipo-C analysis determines L-carnitine, L-arginine, vitamin B12, and total solids content, with target compounds analysed by HPLC.

The Lipo-C Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to determine the content of L-carnitine, L-arginine, and vitamin B12, together with the total solids content of a Lipo-C sample.The target compounds are analysed by HPLC, with results reported in mg/ml. Total solids provide an additional measure of the overall amount of solid material present in the sample, helping assess the composition of the formulation beyond the individual quantified compounds.<h4>About the Analyzed Compounds</h4>L-carnitine is involved in mitochondrial fatty-acid metabolism and facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for beta-oxidation. L-arginine is an amino acid involved in several metabolic pathways and serves as a precursor for nitric oxide synthesis.Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential micronutrient that functions as a cofactor for enzymes involved in important metabolic reactions and DNA synthesis.Total solids represent the overall solid material present in a sample, including dissolved and suspended material. This measurement complements the targeted determination of L-carnitine, L-arginine, and vitamin B12.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted determination of L-carnitine, L-arginine, and vitamin B12</li><li>Total solids determination included</li><li>Analysis of target compounds by HPLC</li><li>Results reported in mg/ml</li><li>Suitable for Lipo-C liquid samples</li><li>Minimum sample amount of one whole unopened vial</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compounds: L-Carnitine, L-Arginine, Vitamin B12</li><li>Additional determination: Total Solids</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format: mg/ml</li><li>Minimum sample amount: One whole unopened vial</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically designed to determine L-carnitine, L-arginine, vitamin B12, and total solids in a Lipo-C sample.</li><li>The analysis does not automatically screen the sample for other active compounds, ingredients, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2527">Sterility Testing (TAMC + TYMC)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

NAD+ analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of NAD+ in tablets, capsules, and raw API powders, confirming compound identity and determining its amount.

The NAD+ Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of NAD+ in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for tablets and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). NAD+ is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About NAD+</h4>NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the oxidized form of an essential cellular coenzyme involved in redox reactions and energy metabolism. It accepts electrons during metabolic reactions and is converted to its reduced form, NADH, which participates in cellular energy production.NAD+ is present throughout cellular metabolism and plays an important role in maintaining the balance between oxidation and reduction reactions required for normal cellular function.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of NAD+</li><li>Suitable for tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: NAD+</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation: Less than 1/20 of the usual dosage per vial</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: m/m purity in % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>NAD+ is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for NAD+. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, degradation products, contaminants, or undeclared substances unless an additional screening service is ordered.</li><li>The stated detection limit cutoff is less than 1/20 of the usual dosage per vial.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>pH Measurement</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2522">Endotoxin Analysis</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

NMN (Nikotinamid mononukleotid) analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of NMN in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The NMN Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m).<h4>About NMN</h4>Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a naturally occurring nucleotide and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2546">NAD+</a>). NMN is converted to NAD+ by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferases (NMNATs).NAD+ is an essential cellular coenzyme involved in energy metabolism, redox reactions, and numerous enzymatic processes. NMN has therefore been studied as an NAD+ precursor in both preclinical and clinical research.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of NMN</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Nicotinamide mononucleotide</li><li>Other name: NMN</li><li>CAS number: 1094-61-7</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>NMN is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for NMN. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, degradation products, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening For Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Sibutramine analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of sibutramine in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders. The test confirms compound identity and determines its content.

The Sibutramine Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of sibutramine in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About Sibutramine</h4>Sibutramine is a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that was formerly used as a weight-management medicine. By inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, it affects neurotransmitter signalling involved in appetite and satiety.Sibutramine-containing medicines were suspended in the European Union and withdrawn from the U.S. market after clinical data showed an increased risk of serious cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of sibutramine</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Sibutramine</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 4 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 5%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for sibutramine. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of sibutramine required for evaluation is 4 mg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 5%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li><li>Laboratory confirmation of sibutramine content should not be interpreted as confirmation that a product is safe for human use.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GCMS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

SLU-PP-332 analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of SLU-PP-332 in oral products, lyophilised vials, and raw API powders for identity confirmation and amount determination.

The SLU-PP-332 Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of SLU-PP-332 in oral dosage forms, lyophilised vials, and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule, as well as lyophilised vials, with results reported in milligrams per vial. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). SLU-PP-332 is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About SLU-PP-332</h4>SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic research compound that acts as an agonist of the estrogen-related receptors ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ. These nuclear receptors regulate genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty-acid oxidation.SLU-PP-332 has been investigated primarily in preclinical studies. In mouse models, activation of ERR signalling by SLU-PP-332 has been associated with increased oxidative skeletal muscle fibres, improved exercise endurance, increased energy expenditure, and enhanced fatty-acid oxidation.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of SLU-PP-332</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, lyophilised vials, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for lyophilised samples reported in mg per vial</li><li>Alternative purity reporting in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of one whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: SLU-PP-332</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for lyophilised vials: mg per vial</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for lyophilised vials: One whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>SLU-PP-332 is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>For lyophilised SLU-PP-332 samples, the standard testing procedure uses water (H₂O) as the solvent. However, SLU-PP-332 is poorly soluble in water, and insoluble material may therefore be filtered out before analysis. Only dissolved material can be analysed.</li><li>DMSO can be selected as an alternative solvent because it dissolves SLU-PP-332 more effectively. However, samples dissolved in DMSO are not suitable for injection or human use. To use DMSO for the analysis, select the DMSO solvent option from the additional services.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for SLU-PP-332. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Solvent: DMSO</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2526">CHNS Mass Report</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

T3 analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of T3 (liothyronine) in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders, confirming identity and determining content.

The T3 Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of T3 (liothyronine) in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About T3</h4>T3, or triiodothyronine, is a naturally occurring thyroid hormone involved in the regulation of metabolism, growth, and energy utilisation. Liothyronine is the synthetic form of T3 used in pharmaceutical preparations.Liothyronine sodium is used clinically as thyroid hormone replacement therapy, particularly in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Cytomel is one of the established trade names for liothyronine sodium.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of T3</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: T3</li><li>Other names: Cytomel, Tiromel, liothyronine sodium</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 15 mcg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 5%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for T3. It does not automatically screen the sample for other thyroid hormones, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of T3 required for evaluation is 15 mcg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 5%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GCMS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

T4 analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of T4 (thyroxine) in pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders, confirming identity and determining content.

The T4 Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of T4 (thyroxine) in oral dosage forms and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in micrograms per tablet or capsule. Raw API powders can be evaluated by percentage content, with optional purity reporting in % (m/m).<h4>About T4</h4>T4, or thyroxine, is the major thyroid hormone produced and secreted by the thyroid gland. It plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism, growth, development, and energy utilisation. Much of circulating T4 is converted in peripheral tissues to the more biologically active thyroid hormone <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2550">T3</a>.Levothyroxine is the synthetic form of T4 and is widely used as thyroid hormone replacement therapy, particularly in the treatment of hypothyroidism.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of T4</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mcg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for raw API powders reported as percentage content</li><li>Optional purity reporting in % (m/m) for raw API powders</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 200 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: T4</li><li>Other name: Thyroxine</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Minimum amount of target compound for evaluation in oral products: 15 mcg per pill, tablet, or capsule</li><li>Minimum content of target compound for evaluation in raw API powders: 5%</li><li>Result format for oral products: mcg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: % [98%+, 96%+ or % value such as 94.15%]</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 200 mg</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>This analysis is specifically intended for T4. It does not automatically screen the sample for other thyroid hormones, related compounds, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For oral products, the minimum amount of T4 required for evaluation is 15 mcg per pill, tablet, or capsule. For raw API powders, the minimum content is 5%. Samples below these values may not be reliably evaluated within the standard scope of the analysis.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available only for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">GCMS Contamination Screening</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

Tesofensine analysis

Targeted HPLC analysis of tesofensine in oral products, lyophilised vials, and raw API powders for identity confirmation and amount determination.

The Tesofensine Analysis is a targeted laboratory test designed to confirm the identity and determine the amount of tesofensine in oral dosage forms, lyophilised vials, and raw active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders.The analysis is suitable for pills, tablets, and capsules, with results reported in milligrams per tablet or capsule, as well as lyophilised samples, with results reported in milligrams per vial. Raw API powders can be evaluated using an alternative result format based on purity in % (m/m). Tesofensine is not a peptide, and peptide purity is therefore not determined as part of this analysis.<h4>About Tesofensine</h4>Tesofensine is a centrally acting monoamine reuptake inhibitor that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine. Its effects on these neurotransmitter systems have been investigated primarily in relation to appetite regulation and body weight.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>Targeted identification and quantification of tesofensine</li><li>Suitable for pills, tablets, capsules, lyophilised vials, and raw API powders</li><li>Analysis by HPLC</li><li>Results for oral products reported in mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Results for lyophilised samples reported in mg per vial</li><li>Alternative purity reporting in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount of three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount of one whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount of 30 mg for raw API powders</li><li>Average turnaround time of 7 business days</li></ul><h4>Analysis Parameters</h4><ul><li>Target compound: Tesofensine</li><li>CAS number: 195875-84-4</li><li>Testing method: HPLC</li><li>Result format for oral products: mg per tablet or capsule</li><li>Result format for lyophilised samples: mg per vial</li><li>Result format for raw API powders: Purity in % (m/m)</li><li>Minimum sample amount for oral products: Three tablets or capsules</li><li>Minimum sample amount for lyophilised samples: One whole unopened vial with lyophilisate</li><li>Minimum sample amount for raw API powders: 30 mg in a sealed glass vial to prevent the sample from absorbing moisture</li><li>Average turnaround time: 7 business days</li></ul><blockquote>Important Notice<ul><li>Tesofensine is not a peptide. Peptide purity is therefore not measured as part of this analysis.</li><li>This analysis is specifically intended for tesofensine. It does not automatically screen the sample for related compounds, degradation products, contaminants, or undeclared substances.</li><li>For raw API powders, at least 30 mg should be supplied in a sealed glass vial to minimise moisture absorption.</li><li>Purity reporting in % (m/m) is available for raw API powders.</li></ul></blockquote><h4>Optional Additional Analyses</h4>The following optional laboratory services are available:<ul><li>Complete Raw Analytical Data</li><li>Alternative Result Format: Purity in % (m/m) – only for raw API powders</li><li>Batch Variance Testing</li><li>Fentanyl Screening</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2524">LCMS Screening for Peptide Contamination</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2525">Heavy Metals Analysis (As, Cd, Pb, Hg)</a></li><li>Additional Laboratory Report</li></ul>

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