<p><strong>Los Angeles, California —LECO Corporation has partnered with California State University, Los Angeles, on the development of its new LECO Complex Chemical Compositional Analysis Lab. The opening of the lab on September 19th marked a significant step towards advancing research and education in complex chemical analysis not only at the university but throughout the West Coast.</strong></p>
<p>The new C3AL, as it is referred to, is located in the renovated laboratory of Rosser Hall at CSULA. Here, students, colleagues, and partners will study the composition and structure of complex chemical samples under the direction of Dr. Petr Vozka, professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.</p>
<blockquote>
<h5><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/219"><strong>Complex Chemical Composition Analysis Lab (C³AL)</strong></a></h5>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>We are a <strong>research group</strong> in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at California State University, Los Angeles. Our research revolves around the <strong>characterization of complex chemical mixtures</strong> via state-of-the-art techniques, inlcuding <strong><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2&amp;manufacturerItems=25">two-dimensional gas chromatography</a> and <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=3-5-13&amp;manufacturerItems=25">high-resolution mass spectrometry</a></strong>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><em>&quot;The mission of CSULA is to mold adept students ready to lead in the industry and excel in top-tier graduate programs,&quot;</em> said <strong>Dr. Vozka</strong>. <em>&quot;Every milestone, every achievement, is a testament to our collective efforts.”</em></p>
<p><em>&quot;The opportunity to partner with Dr. Vozka and the Cal State community presented itself when we learned of Petr&#39;s commitment to educating the next generation of scientists on powerful new techniques for the identification of unknowns,&quot;</em> said <strong>Farai Rukunda</strong>, Director of Separation Science at LECO. <em>&quot;As the industry leader in instrumentation for complex sample analysis, it was a natural fit for us to work together to ensure these new and emerging leaders had exposure to and the proper training on these new revolutionary techniques.&quot;</em></p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_Launches_New_Laboratory_in_Partnership_with_California_State_University_Los_Angeles_03_bcbfbd5027/LECO-LECO-Launches-New-Laboratory-in-Partnership-with-California-State-University-Los-Angeles-03.jpg" alt="LECO - LECO Launches New Laboratory in Partnership with California State University, Los Angeles 03.jpg"/></p>
<p>As part of its contribution to the new laboratory, LECO provided state-of-the-art time-of-flight mass spectrometry equipment. The Pegasus BT brings <a href="https://gcms.cz/products/36"><strong>GC</strong></a>, <a href="https://gcms.cz/products/37"><strong>GCxGC</strong></a>, and TOFMS capabilities to the laboratory and allows for deep investigations to a variety of complex samples and interesting questions. Having access to this technology provides the students at the C3AL an opportunity to collaborate with and learn from industry leaders currently using these same tools to solve real-world problems.</p>
<p>LECO, based in St. Joseph, Michigan, plans to utilize the lab for future training and product demonstrations on the West Coast as well.</p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_Launches_New_Laboratory_in_Partnership_with_California_State_University_Los_Angeles_05_ed3508194d/LECO-LECO-Launches-New-Laboratory-in-Partnership-with-California-State-University-Los-Angeles-05.jpg" alt="LECO - LECO Launches New Laboratory in Partnership with California State University, Los Angeles 05.jpg"/></p>
<p><em>&quot;The West Coast continues to be a hot spot for laboratories doing discovery work in the areas of unknown analyte detection, particularly in areas like Metabolomics and Environmental Forensics,&quot;</em> said <strong>Dave Russ</strong>, US Sales Manager for Separation Science. <em>&quot;The C3AL lab gives us access to a working LECO laboratory on the West Coast, so we can better support this growing community.&quot;</em></p>
<p>Following the ceremony, <strong>Christopher Warren</strong>, President of LECO Corporation, affirmed the company&#39;s commitment to supporting the lab for years to come.</p>
<p><em>&quot;This new partnership promotes advancement in research capabilities and provides students with the opportunity to make their mark on chemical analysis,&quot;</em> says <strong>Chris Warren</strong>, President of LECO Corporation. <em>&quot;As scientists ourselves, we look forward to mentoring the next generation in solving tomorrow&#39;s complex problems today&quot;.</em></p>
<p>For more information on the Cal State LA/LECO C3AL lab, please contact Dr. Petr Vozka at pvozka@calstatela.edu.</p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_Launches_New_Laboratory_in_Partnership_with_California_State_University_Los_Angeles_01_b628ada80f/LECO-LECO-Launches-New-Laboratory-in-Partnership-with-California-State-University-Los-Angeles-01.jpg" alt="LECO - LECO Launches New Laboratory in Partnership with California State University, Los Angeles 01.jpg"/></p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_Launches_New_Laboratory_in_Partnership_with_California_State_University_Los_Angeles_02_176839852e/LECO-LECO-Launches-New-Laboratory-in-Partnership-with-California-State-University-Los-Angeles-02.jpg" alt="LECO - LECO Launches New Laboratory in Partnership with California State University, Los Angeles 02.jpg"/></p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_Launches_New_Laboratory_in_Partnership_with_California_State_University_Los_Angeles_04_1621f2a437/LECO-LECO-Launches-New-Laboratory-in-Partnership-with-California-State-University-Los-Angeles-04.jpg" alt="LECO - LECO Launches New Laboratory in Partnership with California State University, Los Angeles 04.jpg"/></p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/LECO_LECO_Launches_New_Laboratory_in_Partnership_with_California_State_University_Los_Angeles_06_671613a80c/LECO-LECO-Launches-New-Laboratory-in-Partnership-with-California-State-University-Los-Angeles-06.jpg" alt="LECO - LECO Launches New Laboratory in Partnership with California State University, Los Angeles 06.jpg"/></p>


LECO Launches New Laboratory in Partnership with California State University, Los Angeles

<p>Los Angeles, CA – The College of Natural and Social Sciences at California State University, Los Angeles, is pleased to announce a significant donation from NXT Power, a leader in manufacturing advanced power quality solutions. This contribution, consisting of two state-of-the-art Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) units, will significantly enhance the technological capabilities of the university&#39;s Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry.</p>
<p>The donated UPS units, part of NXT Power&#39;s Integrity Series, will be instrumental in safeguarding the laboratory equipment at Cal State LA&#39;s Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry. These systems prevent hardware damage and disruptions, ensuring maximum uptime and safeguarding vital research activities.</p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Complex_Chemical_Composition_Analysis_Lab_C_AL_Cal_State_LA_Receives_Vital_Technological_Support_from_NXT_Power_4a0e5a36d6.jpg" alt="Complex Chemical Composition Analysis Lab (C³AL): Cal State LA Receives Vital Technological Support from NXT Power"/></p>
<p>Moreover, the NXT Power Integrity Max UPS system is specifically engineered to protect against degradation and disruptions in laboratory settings, which is pivotal for the university&#39;s research involving sophisticated instruments like the LECO Pegasus BT 4D GC/MS system. This support from NXT Power enhances our research capabilities and significantly contributes to our students&#39; educational and professional development.</p>
<p>This partnership with NXT Power supports our mission to prepare future scientists and innovators by providing enhanced laboratory resources. This offers our students hands-on experience with cutting-edge technology, furthering their readiness for future scientific endeavors and contributing significantly to their academic and professional growth.</p>
<p>We appreciate NXT Power&#39;s support in educating and preparing the next generation of scientists and engineers.</p>
<p>Learn more about <a href="https://www.nxtpower.com/"><strong>NXT Power</strong></a>.</p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Cal_State_LA_LECO_QUADJET_G_Cx_GC_coupled_to_Pegasus_BT_4_D_TOM_MS_in_the_Complex_Chemical_Composition_Analysis_Lab_C_AL_077a14ae34/Cal-State-LA-LECO-QUADJET-GCxGC-coupled-to-Pegasus-BT-4D-TOM-MS-in-the-Complex-Chemical-Composition-Analysis-Lab-(CAL).jpg" alt="Cal State LA: LECO QUADJET GCxGC coupled to Pegasus BT 4D TOM MS in the Complex Chemical Composition Analysis Lab (C³AL)"/></p>


Cal State LA Receives Vital Technological Support from NXT Power

<h3><strong>About us</strong></h3>
<p>Our laboratory is equipped with high-end mass spectrometry instruments, which offers services in field of <strong>PROTEOMICS</strong> and <strong>METABOLOMICS</strong>. All our services are available for everybody from the academic and non-academic areas.</p>
<h5><a href="https://www.biocev.eu/en/services/omics-mass-spectrometry-core-facility.6#core-facility-services"><strong>Our Services:</strong></a></h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>Preparation of samples</strong> for analysis (cells, body fluids, tissues, plants etc.)</li>
<li><strong>Targeted</strong> or <strong>untargeted</strong> <strong>proteomics</strong> and <strong>metabolomics</strong> analysis</li>
<li><strong>Data analysis</strong> and basic statistical evaluation</li>
<li><strong>Consultation</strong> of experimental design and the results</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>Proteomics:</strong></h5>
<p>We are modern well equipped laboratory with the technical background able to perform most of the currently used <a href="https://www.biocev.eu/en/services/omics-mass-spectrometry-core-facility.6/untargeted-proteomics.24?t=s"><strong>untargeted</strong></a> and <a href="https://www.biocev.eu/en/services/omics-mass-spectrometry-core-facility.6/targeted-proteomics.25?t=s"><strong>targeted</strong></a> proteomic measurements. We provide full proteomics service, including protein isolation from the supplied sample to evaluation and consultation of the measured data. Since 2015, we handle approximately 300 orders per year (roughly 3000 samples). Results based on measurements from our laboratory were used in dozens of publications. To consult your plan, please contact Karel Harant (karel.harant@natur.cuni.cz) or Pavla Talacko (pavel.talacko@natur.cuni.cz).</p>
<h5><strong>Metabolomics:</strong></h5>
<p>As a service, we provide <a href="https://www.biocev.eu/en/services/omics-mass-spectrometry-core-facility.6/targeted-metabolomics.26?t=s"><strong>targeted</strong></a> and <a href="https://www.biocev.eu/en/services/omics-mass-spectrometry-core-facility.6/untargeted-metabolomics.30?t=s"><strong>untargeted</strong></a> analysis of small molecules. Thanks to the combination of equipment for <strong>LC-MS</strong> and <strong>GCxGC-MS</strong>, it is possible to measure a wide range of small molecules. We use several types of <strong>C18</strong> and <strong>HILIC</strong> stationary phase columns on LC. For GC, we have various columns for different types of analytes. Individual measuremnts must always be consulted in advance, an individual approach and method must be chosen for each group of molecules. Please contact Olga Součková (souckoo@natur.cuni.cz) for LC-MS or Petr Žáček (zacek@natur.cuni.cz) for GCxGC-MS.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>All our services are available for everybody from the academic and non-academic areas.</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Contact us before you start your first experiment: +420 325 873 925!</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>23.7.2024 Waiting time from “sample to result” is approximately 6-8 weeks.</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/BIOCEV_Introducing_BIOCEV_OMICS_Mass_Spectrometry_Core_Facility_cover_image_7cb6de4462.jpg" alt="BIOCEV: BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility"/></p>
<h3><strong>Services</strong></h3>
<ul>
<li>Preparation of samples for analysis</li>
<li>Untargeted and targeted proteomics</li>
<li>Untargeted and targeted metabolomics</li>
<li>Data analysis and basic statistical processing</li>
<li>Consultation of experiment design and measured data</li>
</ul>
<h4><strong>Untargeted proteomics</strong></h4>
<h5><strong>Up to 8000 identified proteins in one injection.</strong></h5>
<p>A basic type of proteomic experiment. Complete lysate is digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides are desalted and separated on a reverse phase column. Due to the low amount of proteins and the high complexity of the sample, liquid chromatography is currently most often used in nanoflow - hundreds of nanoliters per minute. Liquid chromatography is directly connected to the electrospray of the Orbitrap Fusion or Orbitrap Ascend mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer measures alternately in two modes: MS¹, where peptide masses are measured in the Orbitrap with high resolution and accuracy, and MS², in which peptides selected from the previous MS¹ scan are fragmented. These are measured either again in the Orbitrap or in the ion trap. The ion trap provides lower accuracy and resolution than the Orbitrap, but is faster and more sensitive.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>We offer untargeted proteomics measurement and analysis of post-translational modifications in different types of samples (cells, tissues, body fluids, plant samples, etc.).</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Our newest service is &quot;Thermal proteome profiling (TPP)&quot; that allows you direct detection of drug-protein interactions in living cells.</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<h5><strong>Examples of analyses:</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>LFQ (label free quantification)</li>
<li>TMT (tandem mass tags)</li>
<li>TPP (Thermal proteome profiling)</li>
<li>phosphoproteome profiling</li>
<li>pull-down experiments</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>Tips for sample handling:</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>do not use trypsin for cell harvesting</li>
<li>inform us about presence of detergent</li>
<li>always keep in mind same protein loading for pull-down experiments (eg. Co-immunoprecipitation)</li>
<li>do not use phosphatase inhibitors for phosphoproteomic experiments</li>
</ul>
<h4><strong>Targeted proteomics</strong></h4>
<h5><strong>Accurate quantification of selected proteins.</strong></h5>
<p>Method aims to validate the results from an untargeted approach. It is performed on a triple quadrupole in SRM mode or using the MRM method on an Orbitrap. It is an an alternative approach to common techniques such as western blot. The advantage of this approach is the possibility to analyze several proteins (dozens) at once during one injection. This eliminates the problem of finding suitable antibodies.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>The targeted proteomics service is always project specific and we offer it after prior meeting with the customer.</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Parallel analysis of peptides labeled with heavy amino acids is essential. These serve as an internal standards.</p>
<p>The amount of proteins that can be targeted in one injection using a triple quadrupole, is strongly dependent on the concentration of the target proteins in the sample. The lower the expression of the target proteins, the less it is possible to analyze them in one injection due to the need for higher loading times. Information of fragmentation properties of targeted peptides is also important. This is usually obtained from an untargeted experiment, which should precede the targeted proteomic analysis. If the protein of interest was not detected during an untargeted experiment, then its targeted analysis is very difficult. However, in some cases fragmentation information can be obtained from publicly available databases.</p>
<h5><strong>Tips for sample handling:</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>do not use trypsin for cell harvesting</li>
<li>inform us about presence of detergent</li>
<li>always keep in mind same protein loading for pull-down experiments (eg. Co-immunoprecipitation)</li>
<li>do not use phosphatase inhibitors for phosphoproteomic experiments</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/BIOCEV_Introducing_BIOCEV_OMICS_Mass_Spectrometry_Core_Facility_Targeted_proteomics_1_f0605d8efc.jpg" alt="BIOCEV: Introducing BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility - Targeted proteomics."/></p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/BIOCEV_Introducing_BIOCEV_OMICS_Mass_Spectrometry_Core_Facility_Targeted_proteomics_2_f1af260d27.jpg" alt="BIOCEV: Introducing BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility - Targeted proteomics."/></p>
<h4><strong>Untargeted metabolomics</strong></h4>
<p>The goal of untargeted metabolomics is to cover the widest possible spectrum of metabolites present in the sample, their identification, and quantification. The development of this approach was made possible by the recent advances in instrumentation and computing. Our laboratory equipment enables non-targeted analyses by liquid and gas chromatography.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>We offer untargeted analyses of metabolites in various biological matrices and basic statistical evaluation of the data (Figure 2, 3, 4).</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Our newest service is stable isotope tracing (Figure 1).</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>HPLC-MS/MS (Figure 2): Analyzes are performed on Thermo Scientific equipment on an Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatograph coupled to an Orbitrap Fusion mass detector. The measured data are evaluated by the Compound Discoverer software.</p>
<p>GCxGC-MS (Figure 3): Analyzes are performed on a two-dimensional comprehensive chromatograph connected to a Pegasus 4D mass detector. We evaluate the data in ChromaTOF v4.5 software.</p>
<p>The liquid chromatography method covers non-volatile substances, generally polar, soluble in water, and polar organic solvents (methanol, acetonitrile...). The gas chromatography method is more suitable for analyzing stable volatile non-polar substances up to a weight of approx. 1000 Da. The range of measured substances can be increased for both methods eg., by chemical modifications (derivatization) of the analyzed molecules, which adjust their polarity and volatility (for GC) and/or stability (for LC). We choose a suitable technique or a combination of several techniques based on prior consultation with the customer.</p>
<p>The untargeted analysis results in a list of substances found in the samples, a proposal of probable structures, and an indication of the quantity of individual compounds. We also provide a basic statistical evaluation focusing on looking for differences between the tested sample groups (Figure 4).</p>
<h5><strong>Tips for sample handling:</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>do not use phosphate buffers in the sample</li>
<li>inform us about sample type, growth medium, chemicals used, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/BIOCEV_Introducing_BIOCEV_OMICS_Mass_Spectrometry_Core_Facility_Untargeted_metabolomics_Fig_1_11750e6992.jpg" alt="BIOCEV: Introducing BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility - Untargeted metabolomics Fig. 1."/></p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/BIOCEV_Introducing_BIOCEV_OMICS_Mass_Spectrometry_Core_Facility_Untargeted_metabolomics_Fig_2_5ca1521705.jpg" alt="BIOCEV: Introducing BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility - Untargeted metabolomics Fig. 2."/></p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/BIOCEV_Introducing_BIOCEV_OMICS_Mass_Spectrometry_Core_Facility_Untargeted_metabolomics_Fig_3_f4f1050fc5.jpg" alt="BIOCEV: Introducing BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility - Untargeted metabolomics Fig. 3."/></p>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/BIOCEV_Introducing_BIOCEV_OMICS_Mass_Spectrometry_Core_Facility_Untargeted_metabolomics_Fig_4_b3e198dbc9.jpg" alt="BIOCEV: Introducing BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility - Untargeted metabolomics Fig. 4."/></p>
<h4><strong>Targeted metabolomics</strong></h4>
<p>Targeted metabolomics includes analyses of selected metabolites, which are then detected selectively and with greater sensitivity than applying an untargeted approach. It is also possible to quantify substances both relatively and absolutely. In the case of absolute quantification, it is necessary to supply a suitable labeled analog of the determined substance.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>We offer analysis of primary cellular metabolites - see List of substances.</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>We analyze metabolites in tissues, cell pellets, incubation media, and body fluids (plasma, urine...).</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>We also offer the possibility of developing a method for the analysis of substances that are not in the attached list or for other matrices.</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>The attached list contains substances with the analysis of which we have experience. We adapt each method to the type of experiment and matrix. We can develop a method for any substance or group of substances capable of being detected by liquid and gas chromatography techniques (both connected to a mass detector or a UV detector in liquid chromatography). In the case of the development of a new method, it is necessary to supply the standards of these substances.</p>
<h5><strong>Tips for sample handling:</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>do not use phosphate buffers in the sample</li>
<li>inform us about sample type, growth medium, chemicals used, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/BIOCEV_Introducing_BIOCEV_OMICS_Mass_Spectrometry_Core_Facility_Targeted_metabolomics_List_of_substances_a6a4198b34.jpg" alt="BIOCEV: Introducing BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility - Targeted metabolomics: List of substances."/></p>
<h3><a href="https://www.biocev.eu/en/services/omics-mass-spectrometry-core-facility.6#core-facility-equipment"><strong>Equipment</strong></a></h3>
<h4><strong>Mass spectrometers</strong></h4>
<h5><strong>Orbitrap Ascend</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=31-32-33-30&amp;mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=Ascend"><strong>Application in the LabRulezLCMS library</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Ascend Tribrid mass spectrometer, offering new capabilities for multiplexed proteomics and native protein characterization. The mass spectrometer enables improved sample throughput, versatility and ease-of-use — producing high quality data with simplicity. More samples can be analyzed at lower concentrations, enabling faster, more sensitive analysis, and macromolecule experiments, that were not possible before, can now be achieved. The new Auto-Ready ion source for calibration maximizes convenience, allowing the user to spend more time on the results, and less time on instrument set-up.</p>
<h5><strong>Orbitrap Fusion</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=31-32-33-30&amp;mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=Fusion"><strong>Application in the LabRulezLCMS library</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Mass spectrometer combining Quadrupole, Ion trap and Orbitrap. The quadrupole is used as a mass filter for the selection of precursors, after which the instrument branches and the ions can travel either to the Orbitrap - a very accurate and high-resolution mass analyzer that uses the Fourier transform to determine their mass, or to the collision cell, where they can be fragmented. From there, the path leads either back to the Orbitrap or further to the linear ion trap. This serves as the second mass analyzer in the device. It is less accurate and low-resolution, but provides greater sensitivity and the possibility of ion fragmentation. Fragmentation products can be isolated in the trap and fragmented again. This enables analysis in MS³ and even higher levels of fragmentation.</p>
<h5><strong>TSQ Quantiva Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=31-32-35&amp;mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=Quantiva"><strong>Application in the LabRulezLCMS library</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>Leco - Pegasus® 4D GCxGC-TOFMS</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=3-13-2&amp;mainauthorItems=24&amp;search=4D"><strong>Application in the LabRulezGCMS library</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<h4><strong>Liquid chromatography</strong></h4>
<ul>
<li>nano LC Thermo Dionex Ultimate 3000</li>
<li>LC Thermo Dionex Ultimate 3000</li>
</ul>
<h4><strong>Sample preparation</strong></h4>
<ul>
<li>KingFisher Flex</li>
<li>vacuum concentrator</li>
<li>Low flow fraction collector - Spider</li>
<li>Bioruptor pico - sonication bath</li>
</ul>
<h4><strong>Software</strong></h4>
<ul>
<li>Spectronaut 19</li>
<li>FreeStyle</li>
<li>ChromaTOF 4.5</li>
<li>Proteome Discoverer 2.2</li>
<li>Scaffold Q+S 4.6.1</li>
<li>Compound Discoverer 3.3</li>
<li>TraceFinder</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>Software - Freeware</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>LipidHunter</li>
<li>MaxQuant</li>
<li>Perseus</li>
<li>Skyline</li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="https://www.biocev.eu/en/services/omics-mass-spectrometry-core-facility.6#core-facility-team"><strong>Team</strong></a></h3>
<h5><strong>Mgr. Karel Harant</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Head of Proteomic Core Facilty</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>Mgr. Pavel Talacko</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Non-targeted proteomics, targeted proteomics</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>RNDr. Petr Žáček, Ph.D.</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>GC / MS specialist, small molecule analysis</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>Mgr. Veronika Ševců</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>researcher, preparation of proteomic samples</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>RNDr. Petr Žáček, Ph.D.</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>Mgr. Veronika Ševců</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>researcher, preparation of proteomic samples</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>Ing. Olga Součková, Ph.D.</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>LC/MS specialist, small molecule analysis</li>
</ul>


Introducing BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 11th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application note by<strong> Shimadzu, </strong>poster by <strong>MDCW / William &amp; Mary</strong> and brochure by <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. MDCW / William &amp; Mary: Optimizing Solvent Selection and Data Reduction Workflows for GC×GC Fire Debris Analysis</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/P_14_O_Brien_63304669ee.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><section><div><div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>What are Ignitable Liquid Residues (ILRs)?&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Chemical remains of ignitable liquids (IL) (e.g., gasoline or diesel) that did not fully burn during a fire&nbsp;</li><li>ILRs are usually petroleum-based products and contain complex mixtures of volatile chemicals, like hydrocarbons&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>Forensic Analysis of ILRs&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Collection of porous materials like wood from the fire’s point of origin&nbsp;</li><li>Must be stored in airtight containers to prevent volatile ILR from evaporation&nbsp;</li><li>Passive headspace extraction onto activate charcoal strips (ACS) is used to extract ILRs from debris, and dichloromethane (DCM) is used to extracts ILRs from charcoal strips&nbsp;</li><li>Emerging is the use of two-dimensional gas chromatography – time of fight - mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS), with higher separation and resolution</li><li>Resulting chromatograms presents a pattern of peaks which can be used to identified specific type of accelerant used&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>Chemometrics&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>The discipline that focuses on the application of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze chemical data and extract meaningful information (Bovens, 2019)&nbsp;</li><li>Helps make sense of large datasets from analytical instruments, find pattens, and classify samples</li></ul><h4><strong>Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>Analytical Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>LECO corporation <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1097"><strong>BTX4D GC×GC-TOFMS</strong></a> with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1289"><strong>Paradigm Shift reverse fill-flush (RFF) flow modulator</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1873"><strong>ChromaTOF Sync 2D</strong></a> (LECO corporation)&nbsp;</li><li>R Statistical Software</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>This study demonstrated that the use of chemometrics can be integrated into a data processing workflow to better understand data sets and create a streamlined process. Using UMAP, patterns identified that were not originally seen in PCA lead to the preferred solvents of ILR extraction being hexane and methanol. Since UMAP allowed visualization of local and global structures, groupings of gasoline samples allowed for better analysis of solvent effect.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Multiresidue Pesticides Analysis in Solvent Extract of Annatto (Natural Color Additive) Using </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-TQ8050+NX"><strong>GCMSTQ8050 NX</strong></a></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_06_sip_gc_043_en_95576a9ac4.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>User Benefits</strong></h5><ul><li>&nbsp;Accurate and reproducible trace level quantitation of pesticides in highly pigmented complex matrix using Ultra-fast GCMSTQ8050 NX and QuEChERS extraction</li><li>Single-laboratory partial validated method for LOQ determination meeting regulatory guidelines</li><li>Ease of instrumental method optimization using GCMS Smart Pesticides Database Ver.2 from Shimadzu Corporation</li></ul><p>Annatto is an orange-red condiment and food colorant derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa Orellana) (Fig. 1). It is often used to impart a yellow to red-orange color to foods, but sometimes also for its flavor and aroma. Similar effects can be obtained by extracting some of the color and flavor principles from the seeds, which are then added to the food. Annatto and its extracts are now widely used in an artisanal or industrial scale as a coloring agent in many processed food products, such as cheeses, butter, baked goods, potatoes, snack foods, breakfast cereals, smoked fish etc. In these uses, Annatto is a natural alternative to synthetic food coloring compounds.&nbsp;</p><p>Owing to its large culinary uses and other diverse applications, use of chemical pesticides for its production in large quantities is imperative. Dye extraction process may result in concentration of pesticides and in turn contribute to adverse impact on human health when incorporated in various preparations. Hence quantitation of residual pesticides in Annatto extract becomes very important. As the oleoresin is a complex matrix, it is required to develop a rugged, sensitive and efficient method for extraction of residual pesticide and its analysis.&nbsp;</p><p>This study reports a highly sensitive method for simultaneous quantification of multiple pesticides in highly pigmented complex matrix of Annatto using modified QuEChERS[1] with triple quadrupole gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS) system.</p><h4><strong>Materials and Methods</strong></h4><p>For this study, customized reference standard mixture of most commonly observed pesticides in Annatto seeds was procured from Restek Corporation.</p><p>The calibration standards were analyzed from 0.5 to 1000 μg/L. Linearity was plotted by external standard method and using weighted regression of 1/C2. Sample was spiked at 3 levels i.e., 10, 25 and 100 μg/kg. Recovery samples were prepared in 6 replicates at each level. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-TQ8050+NX"><strong>GCMS-TQ8050 NX</strong></a> (Fig. 2), manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation Japan, was used for quantitation. LabSolutions InsightTM was used for data processing, which helped in evaluating validation parameters with ease.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>This study shows that the modified QuEChERS method combined with GC-MS/MS system is a reliable and efficient tool to quantify residual pesticides in Annatto extract sample. Although Annatto extract is a highly pigmented complex matrix, the modified QuEChERS method significantly reduces interference. Also, extremely sensitive Shimadzu GC-MS/MS allows trace level detection even after multifold dilution of sample. This helps in reducing contamination and enhancing ruggednessresulting in reproducible detection of analytes.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Sentinel PRO 710 environmental mass spectrometer Precise real time gas analyzer for toxic volatile organic compounds</strong></h3><ul><li>Product specification</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/sentinel_pro_710_spec_sheet_en_886523bfc2.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=Sentinel+PRO"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Sentinel PRO Environmental Mass Spectrometer </strong></a>is a highly reliable and versatile gas analyzer ideal for reporting the presence of toxic VOCs from fugitive emissions in industrial settings to ensure worker safety.</p><h4><strong>Fugitive emissions of toxic VOCs&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Wherever there is potential danger for fugitive emissions of toxic organic vapors from a chemical production unit, regulating authorities often require plants to keep records of ambient vapor concentrations to protect workers from exposure. Various forms of capture include evacuated vessels, organic vapor monitors, or purge and trap devices, all of which require samples to be sent for analysis. Alternatively, electrochemical sensors or open path FT-IR spectroscopy can provide more immediate results. However, none of these technologies are capable of providing the spatial and temporal resolution required to qualify as actionable information.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Analytical platform&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The primary feature of the Sentinel PRO mass spectrometer is the magnetic sector analyzer. This field-proven technology has demonstrated the strongest performance for industrial on-line gas analysis. Magnetic sector technology offers precision, accuracy, long intervals between calibrations. The new touchscreen interface further enhances usability, providing intuitive in-person operation, simplified maintenance, and real-time data viewing. Multi-role user permissions ensure security and control allowing operators to customize settings based on their specific needs.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Comprehensive data collection&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>With speed and precision, the Sentinel PRO analyzer monitors all the critical areas for short-term exposure levels of toxic VOCs, and also provides accurate and time-weighted average exposure data. With a high number of sample points available, many can be located close to potential leak points such as valve stems, etc., enabling leak detection and correction before any toxic hazard is created.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Membrane inlet mass spectrometry&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The analyzer is fitted with a membrane inlet to reduce the pressure of the sample air from atmospheric to the working pressure of the enclosed ion source. This allows a method of sample introduction that greatly enhances the system’s sensitivity to VOCs. Since the membrane is more permeable to VOCs than to major air gases, it provides enrichment by several orders of magnitude, enabling detection as low as 5 ppb (species dependent) permits easy membrane replacement during annual routine maintenance to minimize downtime and increase productivity.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></section>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 20, 2026

<p><strong>🎤 Presenter:</strong> <strong>Darshil Patel </strong>(University of North Dakota)</p><p>💾 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/paper/32781"><strong>PDF presentation</strong></a></p><h3><strong>Abstract</strong></h3><p><strong>Flow-modulated two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) is an excellent solution for low-boiling point compounds that are difficult to separate by thermal modulation without cryogens. Pairing a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) with GCxGC can offer better dynamic range, increased sensitivity, and lower cost to GCxGC applications, however, many MS instruments can not accept the high flow rate coming from flow-modulated GCxGC.</strong></p><p>In this study, a flow modulator was installed in a QMS system designed to accept high GC flow rates, and tested using perfume and pesticide applications. Results detailing the sensitivity and effectiveness of the QMS system with high GCxGC flow input will be discussed, as well as a comparison to thermal modulation results from the same system.</p><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><p>Darshil Patel opened the presentation by discussing the concept of human odor and its transition after death. He explained that living humans possess a unique antemortem scent composed of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from the skin through microbiome activity, sweat, and breath. After death, this odor profile gradually changes into what is known as postmortem odor. The exact timing and progression of this transition remain poorly understood.</p><p>The presenter emphasized the practical importance of understanding this transition in disaster victim recovery operations. Search-and-rescue dogs are trained to detect odors associated with living individuals, whereas human remains detection dogs are trained to identify postmortem odors. Determining when antemortem odor disappears and postmortem odor becomes dominant can improve the deployment and training of these specialized canine units.</p><h4><strong>Research Objectives</strong></h4><p>The study focused on the early postmortem period in humans and aimed to:</p><ul><li>Characterize VOCs released during the fresh stage of decomposition</li><li>Track the evolution of donor VOC profiles over time</li><li>Identify the transition point between antemortem and postmortem odor</li></ul><p>Patel noted that prior to this research, only one study involving pig remains had examined odor transition during decomposition.</p><h4><strong>Human Decomposition Overview</strong></h4><p>The presenter reviewed the five major stages of decomposition:</p><ol><li>Fresh stage</li><li>Bloat stage</li><li>Active decay</li><li>Dry remains</li><li>Skeletonization</li></ol><p>The research concentrated specifically on the fresh stage, encompassing the earliest postmortem interval.</p><p>During this stage, several immediate physiological changes occur:</p><ul><li><strong>Algor mortis</strong> – cooling of the body</li><li><strong>Rigor mortis</strong> – stiffening of muscles</li><li><strong>Livor mortis</strong> – pooling of blood</li></ul><p>At the microscopic level, decomposition involves:</p><ul><li><strong>Autolysis</strong> – cellular breakdown</li><li><strong>Putrefaction</strong> – microbial degradation of tissues</li></ul><p>These processes generate VOCs that collectively contribute to postmortem odor.</p><h3><strong>Experimental Design</strong></h3><h4><strong>Human Donors and Study Sites</strong></h4><p>The study examined three human donors (cadavers) and monitored their VOC profiles both:</p><ul><li>In the morgue</li><li>At the REST outdoor decomposition research facility in Canada</li></ul><p>REST is currently the only Canadian outdoor human decomposition research facility.</p><h4><strong>VOC Sampling Procedures</strong></h4><h5>Morgue Sampling</h5><p>Upon arrival at the morgue:</p><ul><li>Bodies arrived enclosed in shroud-like materials or body bags</li><li>The bags were briefly opened to release VOCs accumulated during transportation</li><li>Bags were resealed for 20 minutes to allow VOC accumulation</li><li>VOCs were collected using:<ul><li>Tenax TA/Carbograph sorbent tubes</li><li>Active low-flow sampling pumps</li></ul></li><li>Sampling conditions:<ul><li>10-minute collection</li><li>100 mL/min flow rate</li></ul></li></ul><p>Background and body-bag controls were also collected.</p><h5>REST Facility Sampling</h5><p>At the outdoor decomposition facility:</p><ul><li>Donors were placed unclothed on their backs</li><li>Anti-scavenging cages protected remains from animals</li><li>During sampling:<ul><li>An aluminum hood was placed over the donor</li><li>VOCs accumulated for 20 minutes</li><li>VOCs were then collected onto sorbent tubes</li></ul></li></ul><p>Sampling conditions matched those used in the morgue to maintain methodological consistency.</p><h4><strong>Instrumentation and Analytical Workflow</strong></h4><h5><strong>GC×GC-TOFMS Analysis</strong></h5><p>Samples were analyzed using:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/37"><strong>LECO Pegasus BT system</strong></a></li><li>Mid-polar column combination with Stabilwax columns</li></ul><p>An internal standard was injected into every sample.</p><h5><strong>Decomposition Standard Mix</strong></h5><p>Researchers also analyzed a decomposition standard mixture containing 25 compounds previously reported in human decomposition studies. This standard was used to monitor method performance and VOC evolution throughout the study.</p><h4><strong>Data Processing Workflow</strong></h4><p>Initial data processing was conducted using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/41"><strong>ChromaTOF software</strong></a> with the following criteria:</p><ul><li>Minimum signal-to-noise ratio: 100</li><li>Spectral similarity match: ≥850</li></ul><p>Further processing was completed in <strong>RStudio</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Data Filtering Steps</strong></h5><p>The workflow included:</p><ul><li>Exporting chromatographic peak tables as CSV files</li><li>Classification into experimental and control samples</li><li>Pairwise peak alignment</li><li>Normalization to internal standards</li><li>Removal of background contaminants</li><li>Filtering out siloxanes and column-derived artifacts</li><li>Manual verification using:<ul><li>ChromaTOF</li><li>NIST libraries</li></ul></li></ul><p>Final datasets contained normalized peak areas for validated compounds only.</p><h4><strong>Decomposition Observations</strong></h4><p>The three donors displayed visibly different decomposition trajectories despite being exposed to similar environmental conditions. Patel emphasized that decomposition is highly variable and no two bodies decompose identically.</p><h4><strong>Early Postmortem VOC Profiles</strong></h4><p>The early decomposition VOC profiles contained multiple chemical classes. The most abundant were:</p><ul><li>Nitrogen-containing compounds</li></ul><p>Acids were detected at relatively low abundance, which aligned with existing literature indicating acids typically become prominent during later decomposition stages.</p><h4><strong>Identification of VOC Categories</strong></h4><p>The researchers compared their VOC dataset with published literature describing:</p><ul><li>Antemortem VOCs from living humans</li><li>Postmortem VOCs from decomposition studies</li></ul><p>This comparison identified:</p><ul><li>24 VOCs associated with antemortem odor</li><li>35 VOCs associated with postmortem odor</li></ul><p>Additionally, a third category emerged:</p><ul><li>VOCs present in both antemortem and postmortem periods</li></ul><p>These compounds were termed:</p><h5><strong>“Transmortem VOCs”</strong></h5><p>In living humans, these VOCs were linked to skin emissions, while in decomposition they appeared associated with microbial breakdown processes.</p><h4><strong>Transition of Odor Profiles</strong></h4><p>The presenter analyzed VOC evolution over time using accumulated degree days (ADD), calculated from ambient temperature measurements.</p><p>Key observations included:</p><ul><li>Antemortem VOCs persisted throughout the early postmortem period</li><li>Transmortem VOCs were consistently detected</li><li>Postmortem VOCs increased sharply during later experimental days</li></ul><p>This pattern was observed consistently across all three donors.</p><h4><strong>Transition Point</strong></h4><p>Visual observations and chemical data both indicated that:</p><ul><li>Around experimental day 3</li><li>Bodies began transitioning toward the bloat stage</li><li>Postmortem VOC abundance increased substantially</li></ul><p>The study therefore proposed that the odor transition begins approximately around day 3 of decomposition under the tested outdoor conditions.</p><h4><strong>Implications for Detection Dogs</strong></h4><p>The persistence of antemortem and transmortem VOCs during early decomposition may explain why search-and-rescue dogs occasionally alert to deceased victims.</p><p>Patel suggested that overlapping odor signatures could create confusion for canine detection systems in disaster scenarios.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>The study demonstrated that:</p><ul><li>The transition from antemortem to postmortem odor can be chemically monitored</li><li>Postmortem VOCs become dominant as decomposition progresses</li><li>Environmental decomposition studies provide valuable insight into odor evolution</li></ul><p>Patel emphasized that significantly more research is needed across:</p><ul><li>Different environments</li><li>Seasonal conditions</li><li>Additional donor populations</li></ul><p>to fully understand human odor transition after death.</p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote>

Identifying the transition from antemortem to post-mortem odor in cadavers cadavers in an outdoor environment (Darshil Patel, MDCW 2026)

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 25th May 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application note by<strong> Shimadzu, </strong>presentation by <strong>MDCW / University of Washington</strong> and poster by <strong>Waters Corporation!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. MDCW / University of Washington: Implementing Tile-Based Fisher Ratio Analysis of GC×GC-TOFMS Data to Obtain a Master Peak Table of All Detected Analyte Compounds in Many Petroleum-Based Samples</strong></h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_9_Halvorsen_136808e314.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><section><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>This presentation describes the development of a new chemometric workflow for processing <strong>GC×GC-TOFMS (comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry)</strong> data from petroleum-derived fuels. The work was conducted by researchers from the University of Washington in collaboration with Chevron Technical Center and focuses on creating a comprehensive <strong>Master Peak Table (MPT)</strong> containing all detectable analytes across multiple fuel sample classes. The motivation was that moving from conventional GC to GC×GC dramatically increased chromatographic peak capacity and resolution, but also created a need for more sophisticated data analysis methods capable of handling the much larger number of detected compounds.</p><p>The analytical platform employed <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/37"><strong>GC×GC-TOFMS</strong></a> with a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1289"><strong>thermal-flow modulator</strong></a> and a TOF mass spectrometer detector. Fuel samples were analyzed using an <strong>Rxi-1 column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm)</strong> in the first dimension and an <strong>Rxi-17MS column (2.0 m × 0.18 mm × 0.20 μm)</strong> in the second dimension. The sample set included multiple petroleum products such as hydrobates, reformates, naphthas, FCC gasoline, and blank samples. Log-scale chromatograms revealed numerous late-eluting trace compounds and significant compositional differences between fuel batches that were not readily visible in conventional chromatographic representations.</p><p>To process these highly complex datasets, the researchers implemented a <strong>tile-based Fisher Ratio (F-ratio) chemometric approach</strong> using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/348"><strong>ChromaTOF Tile software</strong></a>. The method divides GC×GC chromatograms into small tiles and identifies regions where analyte signals differ significantly between sample classes by comparing between-class and within-class variance. Instead of relying solely on F-ratio ranking, the workflow incorporates statistical testing against blank samples. Three blank chromatograms were used to establish tile-specific confidence intervals and p-test thresholds, allowing the system to determine whether detected signals represent genuine compounds rather than background noise. This strategy enabled the creation of a unified master peak table while minimizing problems caused by retention-time shifts and reducing the need for manual user intervention.</p><p>Application of the method generated <strong>719 statistically significant analyte hits</strong> across the fuel classes and demonstrated excellent reproducibility, with only <strong>6.3% of classifications showing inconsistent behavior among replicates</strong>. Detected compounds included hydrocarbons and aromatic species such as <strong>1-methylnaphthalene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, β-vatirenene, 2-octene, and tetramethylheptadecane</strong>, whose occurrence patterns aligned well with expected fuel chemistry. The resulting master peak table contained both shared and sample-specific compounds and provided a much more comprehensive representation of petroleum composition than conventional workflows. The authors conclude that the approach should be broadly applicable to other complex sample types and could be extended using alternative chemometric metrics beyond Fisher Ratio analysis to address different experimental objectives.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: A Simple Method for Determination of β-Sitosterol as a Marker of Vegetable Oil Adulteration in Ghee by GC</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_06_sip_gc_042_en_f4c307005b.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>User Benefits</strong></h5><ul><li>ShimadzuNexis GC-2030 can be effectivelyused for determination of adulteration of Ghee with vegetable oil.</li><li>The NexisGC-2030 easily meets the acceptancecriteria as per the proposed FSSAI method no.01.097:2022.</li><li>This method is suitable for routine food industry analysis and academic research.</li></ul><p>The most common milk product in Indian cuisine is ghee or clarified butter. Due to its high cost, ghee is adulterated with vegetable oil, to gain commercial benefits. β-sitosterol, a common phytosterol, found in a variety of natural sources, including vegetable fat or oil from plants (Figure 1). It is used as a marker of vegetable oil adulteration in ghee<sup>1</sup>.</p><p>The primary goal of this study is to assess the vegetable oil adulteration in ghee by analyzing β-Sitosterol as a marker using gas chromatography (GC). This will establish a foundation for the rapid detection of ghee adulteration. In this study, a simple, sensitive, and inexpensive method is developed for extraction of β-Sitosterol from ghee which is then subjected to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection for quantitation. The effects of several important parameters influencing the extraction efficiencies of β-Sitosterol including water-immiscible organic solvent (type and volume), volume of water, sonication time, surfactant (type and concentration), and organic modifier (type and volume) were investigated. This method is ideal for routine analysis in the food industry during the manufacturing, processing, and commercial testing of milk fat samples, or for academic research purposes.</p><h4><strong>&nbsp;Sample Preparation and Analysis Conditions</strong></h4><p>Standard and sample preparations were conducted following the guidelines outlined in the proposed FSSAI method No. 01.097:20222. The analysis was performed using a Shimadzu <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexis+GC-2030"><strong>Nexis GC-2030</strong></a> equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID), as shown in Figure 2. The specific configuration and analytical conditions used during the study are provided in Table 1.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>A gas chromatography–based method using GC-2030 was developed for the estimation of β-Sitosterol in ghee. The method exhibits a detection limit of 2 %, enabling the identification of vegetable oil adulteration in ghee at levels as low as 2 %. At this adulteration level, the signal of β-Sitosterol achieved a signal-to-noise (S/N) greater than 3, confirming the reliability of detection at the established limit. This method provides a reliable and effective approach for the quantification of β-Sitosterol, which serves as a marker for vegetable oil adulteration in ghee.</p><h3><strong>3. Waters Corporation: Multidimensional Characterization of Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs) with GC-APCI and Cyclic Ion Mobility</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009386_3232568115.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>This poster presents a multidimensional analytical approach for the characterization of <strong>short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs)</strong>, a class of persistent environmental pollutants included in the Stockholm Convention due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation potential. SCCPs are highly complex mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbons containing thousands of possible congeners, making their analysis particularly challenging. The study evaluates the use of <strong>gas chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, cyclic ion mobility spectrometry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-APCI-IMS-HRMS)</strong> as a powerful platform for improved SCCP characterization.</p><p>The analytical instrumentation consisted of a modified <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890"><strong>Agilent 8890 gas chromatograph</strong></a> equipped with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=7&amp;search=Rxi-5SilMS"><strong>Rxi-5SilMS capillary column</strong></a><strong> (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm)</strong> and connected to a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/202"><strong>Waters SELECT SERIES Cyclic IMS</strong></a><strong> high-resolution mass spectrometer</strong> using an <strong>Atmospheric Pressure GC (APGC) ion source</strong>. Unlike conventional electron ionization methods, APCI was operated in negative-ion mode with a chloroform modifier, promoting the formation of characteristic <strong>[M+Cl]⁻ molecular ions</strong>. This significantly reduced fragmentation and provided strong molecular-ion signals, improving both qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of SCCP homologues.</p><p>Using three commercial SCCP technical mixtures (51.5%, 55%, and 63% chlorine content), the researchers demonstrated that GC-APCI-HRMS could selectively detect SCCP homologues according to carbon-chain length and degree of chlorination. Although substantial chromatographic overlap was observed among many homologues, the addition of <strong>ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)</strong> introduced a valuable extra separation dimension. Distinct drift-time versus m/z trendlines were observed for compounds sharing the same number of chlorine atoms, allowing homologues to be grouped and characterized more effectively than by chromatographic retention and mass spectrometry alone. The IMS data also enabled estimation of the relative abundance of individual homologue groups within each technical mixture.</p><p>The authors further explored the resolving power of the <strong>cyclic IMS device</strong> by employing multiple ion-mobility passes (up to eight cycles) to investigate individual SCCP congeners. While complete separation of individual congeners within a homologue group was not achieved, higher ion-mobility resolution revealed measurable differences between early- and late-eluting species and provided additional insight into compositional differences among SCCP mixtures. The study concludes that combining <strong>GC-APCI, cyclic ion mobility spectrometry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry</strong> offers a powerful multidimensional workflow for the characterization of complex chlorinated paraffin mixtures and may improve environmental monitoring and future regulatory analysis of these challenging contaminants.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></section>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 22, 2026

<p><strong>Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GCxGC) are the gold standards for analyzing complex organic mixtures. This dual capability eliminates analytical blind spots and provides a more complete chemical profile.</strong></p><ul><li>GC-MS provides molecular identification and high sensitivity for both target quantification and non-target screening.</li><li>GCxGC exponentially increases analyte separation, exposing trace components and simplifying group-type analyses.</li><li>Together, these technologies offer an unparalleled toolset for volatile and semi-volatile sample characterization.</li></ul><h3><strong>Achieving Identification with TOF Technology</strong></h3><p>Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a foundational analytical tool for volatile and semi-volatile characterization. By resolving analytes from complex mixtures in the gas phase, the system allows for&nbsp;critical&nbsp;detection and identification of individual components. While traditional scanning quadrupole systems are effective for routine target analysis, Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometers significantly enhance capabilities for discovery-based work and complex&nbsp;sample&nbsp;characterization.</p><ul><li><strong>Uncompromised Full-Range Sensitivity:</strong>&nbsp;Unlike scanning&nbsp;mass spectrometers&nbsp;that lose sensitivity as scan speed increases, TOF systems can collect full mass range data at full sensitivity. This enables femtogram-level&nbsp;detection&nbsp;even when&nbsp;acquiring&nbsp;non-target data, ensuring that trace-level&nbsp;analytes&nbsp;are not missed.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>High-Speed Acquisition &amp; Deconvolution:</strong> Modern TOF technology provides the high data acquisition rates required to support extremely narrow chromatographic peaks associated with fast GC and GCxGC. Software algorithms automatically deconvolute coeluting peaks, extracting clean spectra for individual components</li><li><strong>Reliable Molecular Fingerprinting:</strong>&nbsp;Mass spectrometry creates a unique spectral “fingerprint” for each&nbsp;molecule. TOFMS&nbsp;facilitates&nbsp;accurate&nbsp;matching against extensive libraries&nbsp;thanks to the absence of spectral skewing associated with scanning instruments, providing definitive identification of both known and unknown analytes.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>System Versatility:</strong>&nbsp;These platforms are highly configurable, supporting a variety of autosamplers, ionization sources (such as EI or CI), and chromatography accessories to satisfy a wide range of&nbsp;methodology&nbsp;requirements and complex sample types.&nbsp;</li></ul><h3><strong>Powerful Chromatographic Separation for Complex Samples</strong></h3><p>When samples are too complex for conventional single-dimensional analysis—such as crude oil, complex aromas, or environmental extracts—Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GCxGC) is required. By continuously capturing segments of effluent from a primary column and reinjecting them into a secondary column with a different stationary phase, GCxGC can provide a nearly 10-fold increase leap in resolving power.</p><ul><li><strong>Maximize Identifications:</strong>&nbsp;GCxGC&amp; instruments identify significantly more analytes than traditional GC by providing the chromatographic resolution necessary to separate components from each other and the matrix.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Structured Chromatograms:</strong>&nbsp;Analytes elute in predictable “classes” within the two-dimensional space (e.g., alkanes,&nbsp;aromatics, FAMEs). This creates a structured chemical map, simplifying group-type&nbsp;interpretation&nbsp;and the fingerprinting of complex chemistries.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Discovery of Hidden Components:</strong>&nbsp;By resolving coelutions,&nbsp;GCxGC&nbsp;exposes trace compounds that are typically obscured by more abundant species, making it the premier tool for research, development, and high-level discovery work.&nbsp;</li></ul><h3><strong>Flexible Configurations and System Options</strong></h3><p>Analytical platforms for GC and GC-MS are highly configurable, allowing laboratories to tailor the hardware to their specific&nbsp;methodology.&nbsp;</p><ul><li><strong>Automated Sample Introduction:</strong>&nbsp;Systems can be equipped with various autosampler solutions&nbsp;for performing various injection types&nbsp;including liquid, headspace,&nbsp;solid phase&nbsp;microextraction (SPME),&nbsp;Pyrolysis, Thermal Desorption, and more&nbsp;to streamline workflows.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Ionization Modes:</strong>&nbsp;Standard EI (electron impact) ionization can be complemented with CI (Chemical ionization) and NCI (Negative chemical ionization)&nbsp;to&nbsp;assist&nbsp;in both library matching and molecular weight confirmation.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Modulation Techniques:</strong>&nbsp;Both thermal and flow-based modulation options exist for&nbsp;GCxGC, allowing for the optimization of separation based on analyte volatility, sensitivity needs, and&nbsp;laboratory infrastructure.&nbsp;</li></ul><h3><strong>Industry Value: Why Advanced Analytical Techniques Are Indispensable</strong></h3><p>GC and GC-MS serve as a cornerstone for quality, safety, and innovation across many critical industries. By delivering high-precision data, these methodologies enable professionals to navigate rigorous regulatory environments, optimize complex manufacturing processes, and accelerate research breakthroughs. Explore the industries below to learn more on how these analytical capabilities provide the essential insights required to maintain quality and drive operational success across these diverse sectors.</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/petrochemicals/"><strong>Petrochemicals</strong></a><br>The chemical complexity of petroleum and derived products necessitates specific instrumentation for thorough characterization. LECO’s GCxGC and TOFMS instruments simplify the classification and comparison of petroleum products for process optimization.&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/environmental/"><strong>Environmental</strong></a><br>Our suite of elemental analyzers and GC-MS platforms empowers labs to confidently identify trace-level compounds through unprecedented separation and rich spectral detail.&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/food-safety/"><strong>Food Safety</strong></a><br>To help manufacturers meet strict regulatory and consumer standards for food safety, we offer advanced analytical equipment for contaminant detection.&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/aroma-flavor-fragrance/"><strong>Flavor &amp; Fragrance</strong></a><br>Leveraging advanced GCxGC and TOFMS instruments, LECO empowers deeper aroma characterization, accurate reformulation, off-odor identification, and more.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Pharmaceuticals</strong><br>Identification of unknown impurities and extractable/leachable compounds critical for drug safety.&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.leco.com/application/metabolomics/"><strong>Metabolomics</strong></a><br>Our advanced mass spectrometry instruments and innovative software tools are designed to help you decipher intricate metabolic disease pathways, explore new horizons in exposomics, and more.&nbsp;</li></ul><h3><strong>GC and GCxGC Instruments</strong></h3><p>The integration of GCxGC separations and Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry empowers researchers to see deeper into their samples. By combining high sensitivity with superior resolving power, these systems transform complex chemical mixtures into clear, actionable data for critical decision-making.</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/all/products/1097"><strong>Pegasus BTX Series</strong></a><strong>: </strong>High-Sensitivity GC-TOFMS</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/products?category=22&amp;manufacturerItems=24&amp;search=hrt"><strong>Pegasus HRT Series</strong></a><strong>: </strong>Redefining High-Resolution Analysis&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labrulez.com/en-us/gcms/products?category=181&amp;manufacturerItems=24"><strong>GCxGC Modulation Solutions</strong></a><strong>:</strong> Solutions for Enhanced GCxGC Analysis&nbsp;</li></ul>

GC and GC-MS: Unmatched Separation, Sensitivity, and Identification

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We are a research group in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at California State University, Los Angeles. Our research revolves around the characterization of complex chemical mixtures via state-of-the-art techniques, including two-dimensional gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

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GC and GC-MS: Unmatched Separation, Sensitivity, and Identification

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 22, 2026

Identifying the transition from antemortem to post-mortem odor in cadavers cadavers in an outdoor environment (Darshil Patel, MDCW 2026)

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 20, 2026

Introducing BIOCEV OMICS Mass Spectrometry Core Facility

Cal State LA Receives Vital Technological Support from NXT Power

LECO Launches New Laboratory in Partnership with California State University, Los Angeles

Upcoming events

LECO Training Course GDS900/950 & CDP

Thermo Fisher Scientific Mass Spectrometry Users’ Meetings 2026

Thermo Fisher Scientific Analytical solutions forum

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Confidence in PFAS Data: Smarter Sample Prep, Contamination Control, Highly Sensitive and Robust MS

From sample to result: advanced sample prep strategies for food and environmental matrices

Validated Method for PFAS Testing in Food, Including Meats