Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 28th October 2024? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you applications, technical notes, and brochures by Watrex Praha, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shimadzu, Waters Corporation, and Agilent Technologies!<h4>1. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/59">Watrex Prague</a>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_column_catalog_online_e63db33f5b.pdf">Watrex HPLC COLUMNS</a></h4><ul><li>Brochures and specifications</li></ul><h5>Ion chromatography - Analysis of cations</h5><ul><li>Watrex IonPlus™ CS19 - Styrene-divinylbenzene, 55% cross-linking (7 μm particle i.d.)</li></ul><h5>Ion chromatography - Analysis of anions</h5><ul><li>Watrex IonPlus™ AS19 - Styrene-divinylbenzene, 55% cross-linking (12 μm particle i.d.).</li><li>Watrex IC Anion I - Styrene-divinylbenzene (7 μm particle i.d.)</li></ul><h5>Reversed phase chromatography</h5><ul><li>Watrex DeltaSil™ 100 C18 column is a standard reversed phase for wide field of applications in analysis of drugs, organic compounds, peptides and others. Stationary phase is based on synthetic 5 μm silica-gel with 100 Å pores and 15% carbon content. The column has a good peak symmetry and efficiency. Theoretical plate count value for non-polar compounds, such as naphthalene, reaches up to 90.000 theoretical plates per meter.</li></ul><h5>Carbohydrate analysis</h5><ul><li>Watrex Polymer IEX™ is the Europe’s leading sorbent for ion exclusion analysis of alcohols, carboxylic acids, sugars, and polysacharides.</li></ul><h5>Gel-permeation chromatography</h5><ul><li>Watrex DeltaGel ™ - Mixed-bed GPC columns for SEC chromatography in organic solvents.</li></ul><h4>2. Agilent Technologies: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/wp_advanced_sample_linking_hplc_systems_5994_7570_EN_agilent_82989c0dce.pdf">Agilent Advanced Sample Linking (Infinity III)</a></h4><ul><li>Technical note</li></ul>AbstractWith the release of the Agilent Infinity III LC series, the Agilent 1260 and 1290 Infinity III Multisampler can optionally be equipped with the Agilent InfinityLab Sample ID Reader. The integration of the LC system into a client-server environment allows the use of additional software, such as Agilent Sample Linking software and Agilent Sample Scheduler for OpenLab, enabling a complete workflow that links samples from any laboratory information management system (LIMS) to the vials and HPLC analysis results. This white paper highlights the benefits of the integrated analytical workflow. In this workflow, barcodes are used to track samples from the sample list to their vial position, and the presence of the correct sample is recognized without manually entering its position. This saves time and improves ease of use, with fewer errors over the complete workflow.ConclusionThis white paper describes a workflow that begins with an analytical sequence initiated by any LIMS, then links the barcodes of sample containers to the barcodes of target pre-barcoded vials. The samples are analyzed to get the final data results, and a report is transmitted back to LIMS. This closed-loop, error-free, and time-saving workflow is enabled by Agilent Sample Linking software together with the Agilent Sample Scheduler for OpenLab. Samples can be tracked through the complete workflow using barcodes to transfer them accurately from their original containers to a final barcoded vial, managed completely by the Sample Linking software. This saves time, enhances ease of use, and results in fewer errors over the complete workflow.<h4>3. Waters Corporation: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008468_en_03451ccb29.pdf">Improving USP Monograph Analysis Time Through Scaling by N on an HPLC System Using CORTECS™ Premier Columns</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractThe United States Pharmacopeia General Chapter &lt;621&gt; allows certain changes to monograph methods. Changes in column length and particle size are employed as part of modernization efforts from HPLC to UPLC™ instrumentation. However, some modernization activities can be performed without switching LC systems. For HPLC analyses, reducing particle size from 5 μm to 3.5 μm can improve throughput and run times, however those columns increase backpressure of the system. Additionally, depending on the monograph, modernization may not be possible due to available column configurations, and the guidelines set in General Chapter &lt;621&gt; for scaling by L/dp. Modernizing by plate count (N) is one path forward, especially if the column being modernized to takes advantage of highly efficient particles. This application note scales the USP impurities assay of zidovudine from the original 4.6 x 250 mm column using fully porous 5 μm particles to a 4.6 x 150 mm column using solid-core particles to improve both throughput and solvent usage.Benefits<ul><li>USP Monograph for zidovudine impurities analyzed on various columns</li><li>Vastly improved separation efficiency using CORTECS Premier 5 μm columns with original USP monograph column configuration</li><li>40% improvement in solvent usage and up to 60% improvement in analysis run time using CORTECS Premier 5 μm Column</li></ul>IntroductionMonograph methods have traditionally employed the use of 5 μm particle size columns due to pressure limitations of older HPLC instrumentation. In combination with the larger particle stationary phases, longer column dimensions were needed in order to achieve appropriate column efficiency. This leads to lengthy analyses with high volumes of solvent being consumed. Monograph methods can be modernized however, and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) outlines two routes for modernization as outlined in USP General Chapter &lt;621&gt;.1 The first is by changing particle size and column length (L/dp) which can be done but may require the use of more modern LC technology like UPLC. The second route to modernization involves scaling a column based on the plate count (N) for the assay. Changes can be made to either the L/dp or N by -25% and up to 50%. Modernizing by N allows a method to be changed to any configuration as long as the plate count for the new conditions falls within the limits outlined in General Chapter &lt;621&gt;.For some assays, modernizing by N can be possible by using higher efficiency stationary phases, like solid-core particles. Solid-core particle columns, like CORTECS columns, have been shown in the past to boost separation efficiency due to particle morphology.2–4 By taking advantage of the solid-core particles, a shorter column may be used while still achieving acceptable plate counts. Thus, improvements to run time and solvent usage could be possible without changing particle size, therefore avoiding the potential increases to system pressure accompanied with smaller particle sizes. In this application note, the assay and impurities monographs for zidovudine were scaled from a 250 mm column down to a 150 mm column using the modernize by N approach. Using the new CORTECS Premier 5 μm columns results in a 40% decrease in solvent usage with up to a 60% reduction in analysis time per sample.ConclusionValidated monograph methods often employ HPLC systems with larger particle size columns due to pressure limitations of the system. Modernization of these monograph methods can be performed under USP General Chapter &lt;621&gt; using either the length to particle size ratio (L/dp) or Plate Count (N). In either case, the new column configuration must be within -25% to 50% of the original conditions. Once a new column is selected, changes to gradient profile and flow rate are calculated. This application note focused on the assay and impurity test for zidovudine, which calls for a 250 mm column in the original monograph.By using CORTECS Premier 5 μm Column the assay and impurities test for zidovudine was successfully scaled down to a 150 mm column while maintaining the particle size. This greatly improved sample throughput with a 40% reduction in run time and solvent usage. Further improvements to throughput were realized by increasing flow rate from 1.5 mL/min to 2.25 mL/min. The increased flow rate, while not acceptable under USP General Chapter &lt;621&gt;, is still able to be run due to the lower system pressure generated by the 150 mm column. A 60% reduction in run time is realized with the higher flow rate. CORTECS Premier 5 μm Columns offer highly efficient solid-core particles combined with MaxPeak Premier High Performance Surface Technology hardware.<h4>4. Shimadzu: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00750_en_bee79113e7.pdf">Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) using Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Part 1 - Fish Fillet</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>User Benefits<ul><li>The optimized procedure for pretreatment and LC-MS/MS analytical conditions enable accurate quantification of thirty major PFASs targeted by AOAC SMPR from 0.1 μg/kg.</li><li>The method allows the initiation of PFASs analysis in food</li></ul>IntroductionPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) are a collective name for more than four thousand organofluorine compounds. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are representative compounds of PFAS. They are used in a wide range of applications, such as fire retardants, food packaging materials, and non-stick coatings, due to their water-repellent, oil-repellent, heat-resistant, and chemical-resistant properties. Due to their structural stability, PFAS widely remains in the environment. There are concerns about health risks caused by human ingestion of fish that have ingested seawater, river water, or feed contaminated with PFAS. Therefore, quantitative assessment of PFAS levels in fish should be important.This application news introduces a quantitative analysis of PFAS in tuna fillets with LC-MS/MS. Thirty principal PFASs targeted by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/292">AOAC INTERNATIONAL</a>, a North American organization that standardizes food testing methods and verifies analytical methods, were analyzed using newly created method, which was investigated from the pretreatment procedure then validated by recovery test. By reducing losses during the pretreatment and optimizing the analytical conditions, good recovery rates were obtained for all compounds.ConclusionThis application news described a quantitative analysis of thirty PFAS targeted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL in tuna fillet. The analysis was performed using a quadrupole mass spectrometer LCMS-8060NX equipped with ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph Nexera X3 UHPLC system. Shim-pack Scepter, which provides good separation and peak shape, was used as the column. A spiked recovery test were conducted, and all compounds showed recovery rate within 80-120% and repeatability below 20% at spiked concentrations of 0.1, 1, 5 μg/kg. In particular, recovery rates of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS were within 95.5-108.4% at all spiked concentrations. Using optimized pretreatment and analytical methods, accurate quantitation is possible from 0.1 μg/kg.<h4>5. Thermo Fisher Scientific: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_003215_Highly_sensitive_method_for_the_determination_of_12_nitrosamine_impurities_in_multiple_AR_Bs_the_class_of_sartan_drug_formulations_c2744b4c40.pdf">Highly sensitive method for the determination of 12 nitrosamine impurities in multiple ARBs, the class of sartan drug formulations</a></h4><ul><li>Application</li></ul>Application benefits<ul><li>Single method applicable for highly sensitive quantitation of 12 nitrosamines in three ARB drug substances.</li><li>A robust gradient method with significant chromatographic separation between nitrosamines and ARB drug substances.</li><li>Better retentivity and resolution of nitrosamines and APIs with comparatively shorter runtime, ideal for high throughput screening.</li></ul>GoalDevelopment of a sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS method to quantitate the following 12 nitrosamine impurities in three ARB drug substances: N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitroso-diethylamine (NDEA), N-ethyl-N-nitroso-2-propanamine (NEIPA), N-nitroso-diisopropylamine (NDIPA), N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitroso-methylphenylamine (NMPA), N-nitroso-di-n-butylamine (NDBA), N-nitroso-N-methyl-4-aminobutyric acid (NMBA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP).IntroductionAngiotensin receptor blockers (also called ARBs or angiotensin II inhibitors) are medicines that dilate blood vessels and are used in the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, or kidney disease in people with diabetes.1 These ARBs, also known as sartan medicines, have a specific tetrazole ring-containing structure whose synthesis could potentially lead to the formation of nitrosamine impurities.2If the content of nitrosamine impurities is found to be greater than the acceptable limit, then regulatory authorities need to be informed, and that may ultimately lead to the drug substance product being recalled. There have been numerous drug recalls associated with nitrosamine impurity levels exceeding the allowable limits in drug substances of various pharmacological categories, including ARBs.3 In 2018 and in 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found traces of NDMA and NDEA impurities in the ARB drug products valsartan, losartan, and irbesartan. Since July 2018, more than two dozen specific ARB products have been recalled owing to the unacceptable presence of potentially carcinogenic nitrosamine impurities.4In 2018, the FDA issued guidance to the industry on how to assess and control impurities. EMA finalized a review under Article 5(3) of Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 in June 2020 to provide guidance to marketing authorization holders on how to avoid the presence of nitrosamine impurities in human medicines.The CHMP asked marketing authorization holders to review all chemical and biological human medicines for the possible presence of nitrosamines and test products at risk. Regulators across the globe have been vigilant on nitrosamine testing and subsequent modification of guidelines or testing procedures to ensure the best quality products reach the market. Recently, the FDA5 and EMEA6 updated guidelines with a more comprehensive and categorized approach towards nitrosamine testing.In this application note, the goal was to develop an LC-MS/MS solution to the increased frequency of demands for higher sensitivity and quantification of an extensive array of nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceutical formulations with a one-method approach for multiple products. From the multiple techniques available today, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is one of the best for highly sensitive and reproducible quantification of nitrosamines. It not only benefits sensitivity in sub-nanogram concentrations but also provides a more robust, linear, and reproducible solution for nitrosamine detection. The guidelines followed in this application are from the ICH Q2(R2)7, FDA5, and EMEA6.As demonstrated by the excellent results observed in this study, the Thermo Scientific™ TSQ Altis™ Plus Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer connected to the Thermo Scientific™ Vanquish™ Flex UHPLC system makes a suitable configuration for the highly sensitive analysis of multiple nitrosamines in a single method applicable for 3 ARBs—olmesartan, irbesartan, and valsartan. For data processing and reporting, Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS) provides a complete solution, which fulfils all compliance requirements and ensures data integrity and security requirements are met, with a detailed workflow that includes user management along with instrument and data audit trails.

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 44, 2024

<h4>Here's what Clarity 10.0 offers:</h4>For a comprehensive function overview, please refer to the full details on our website. Also, check our Upgrade policy.&nbsp;<ul style="margin-top:0px;"><li>Dual Chromatogram Mode: two samples can be measured during one analysis using dual tower or dual loop samplers.</li><li>Extended GLP options for regulated environments.</li><li>Many improvements for Clarity Extensions: MS, PDA, DHA, NGA.</li><li>Updated and new control modules.</li></ul>For a comprehensive function overview, please refer to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/news/140846/clarity-10-released">the full details on our website</a>. Also, check our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/upgrade">Upgrade policy</a>.Upgrade now and experience Clarity 10.0!<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-demo">GET FREE DEMO</a><ul><li>Check the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1&amp;version=10.0">What is new</a>.</li><li>Read the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/downloads/140899/view">Clarity (Lite) 10 vs. 9.0</a> guide.</li></ul></blockquote>&nbsp;Thank you for your trust in our products,Your DataApex team<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Dataapex_Clarity_10_released_91e9897b7d.jpg" alt="Dataapex: Clarity 10 chromatography software released" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Dataapex_Clarity_10_released_91e9897b7d.jpg 227w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="550"><h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">DataApex Clarity Chromatography Software</a></h3>Clarity is a chromatography data software for data acquisition, processing, and instrument control in regulated environment. Clarity is a flexible solution for devices from different vendors, supporting different applications.Optional control modules provide integrated control of selected instruments such as GCs, LCs, pumps, detectors, autosamplers, etc. Extensions provide functions for specific separation techniques or calculations such as PDA, GPC analysis, Mass spectrometry, or SST. Clarity can run in English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese language. Support technicians and developers are close to their users and ready to provide extensive Support from DataApex.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_3_4adabdd9a6/DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-3.png" alt="DataApex: Clarity Chromatography Software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_Chromatograficky_Software_3_4adabdd9a6/thumbnail_DataApex-Clarity-Chromatograficky-Software-3.png 230w," sizes="100vw" width="1862" height="1265">

Clarity 10 chromatography software released

<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1001">The PDA Extension</a> is an optional Extension that is used for processing data that has been acquired from selected photo diode array detectors. Spectral data, together with chromatograms, add a third dimension to analytical data analysis. This extension expands the capability of Clarity by providing interactive spectral analysis, peak purity analysis and compound identification that is based on a spectral library search. PDA data can be displayed in a set of optional views including 3D rendering.All data is saved in a single file; a chromatogram at any wavelength or even only a spectrum can simply be recalled for review after an analysis. UV-VIS spectra, acquired using a PDA detector, may be interactively selected from a chromatogram signal for visual inspection and comparison. The spectra may also be used for peak purity determinations, wavelength optimization and component identification through spectral libraries.<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=58&amp;search=pda+extension">The PDA Extension</a> is an optional, fully integrated addition to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity software</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>It can be ordered as a part of new software or as an extension to existing software.</li><li>The LC-PDA mode is selectable for any LC Instrument within a station.&nbsp;</li><li>The PDA Extension is also compatible with Clarity Offline software.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_PDA_Extension_776dbd48dd.jpg" alt="DataApex - PDA Extension" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_PDA_Extension_776dbd48dd.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1206" height="534"><h4>Features</h4><ul><li>PDA Data: All data is saved in a single file; a chromatogram at any wavelength or a spectrum only can be simply recalled after an analysis for review. UV-VIS spectra, acquired using a PDA detector, may be interactively selected from a chromatogram signal for visual inspection and comparison. The spectra may also be used for peak purity determinations, wavelength optimization and component identification through spectral libraries.</li><li>PDA View: The PDA view is customizable; up to four views can be displayed at one time (possible views: Isoplot, Chromatogram, Spectra, 3D Display, Peak Purity, Peak Purity Spectra, Library Spectra Search and Spectral Library). The user can easily extract chromatographic signals from PDA data to determine the optimal detection wavelength for each peak.</li><li>PDA Method: The Clarity PDA method includes an option for Spectral Library Search and Peak Purity analysis.</li><li>Peak Purity: This analysis helps to discover hidden impurities. Purity is calculated from 5 or all spectra within the peak. The similarity curve is displayed in the PDA window. Peak Purity analysis can be optimized by setting custom preferences relating to the purity threshold, wavelength restriction and absorbance threshold.</li><li>Spectral Library: The Clarity software compares the peak spectra with the spectra of an unlimited number of spectral libraries. Spectra stored in a Spectral Library include retention times and analysis parameters. The Spectral Library Search can perform automatic identification of integrated/calibrated components (peaks). The library search may be constrained by the RT Window and by Wavelength Range. A Background Correction option is also available.</li><li>Import/Export Data: Spectral data can be imported/exported in ASCII text formats to or from the Clarity software.</li><li>Reports: Users can easily include PDA options such as data 3D Display, Isoplot, Spectra, Peak Purity and Library Search results in reports using the intuitive Report Setup dialog.</li><li>Instrument Control: Control modules (p/n A24) for Agilent, Shimadzu, Knauer and Duratec DADs are available (as of May 2007). Additional control modules for other PDA detectors can be developed upon request.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_The_PDA_Window_displays_four_views_organized_in_splitters_8c614fb6f0.jpg" alt="DataApex: The PDA Window displays four views organized in splitters. Currently displayed in the example are: Isoplot, Chromatogram, Spectral, 3D Display The user can additionaly select also Peak Purity, Peak Purity Spectra, Library Spectra Search and Spectral Library." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_The_PDA_Window_displays_four_views_organized_in_splitters_8c614fb6f0.jpg 191w," sizes="100vw" width="1098" height="896"><h4>Specification</h4><ul><li>Part No.: A29</li><li>Related Products:&nbsp;<ul><li>Clarity (p/n C50) - required</li><li>Clarity offline (p/n C59)</li><li>LC Control (p/n A24) - see the list of available PDA detectors at www.dataapex.com</li></ul></li></ul>

Clarity software - PDA (Photodiode Array) Extension

In a laboratory environment, water quality plays a crucial role in conducting analytical methods, preparing chemical solutions, and ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of experiments. Even minimal contamination can negatively impact analytical results, making it essential to ensure an appropriate level of water purity.&nbsp;Modern laboratory applications require different levels of water purification depending on the specific process requirements, and the choice of a suitable system depends on several factors, including the quality of the feed water, the required purity, the technological solution, and operational costs. This article focuses on the key aspects to consider when selecting a laboratory water purification system.<h4>Required Water Quality&nbsp;</h4>When selecting a water purification system, it is essential to determine the required water quality according to its intended use:&nbsp;<ul><li>Type I (ultrapure water) – suitable for sensitive analytical methods such as HPLC, ICP-MS, or PCR.&nbsp;</li><li>Type II (pure water) – used for buffer preparation, culture media, or clinical applications.&nbsp;</li><li>Type III (technical water) – suitable for washing laboratory glassware, autoclaves, or other technical applications.&nbsp;</li></ul><blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/download/Watrex_Water_2024.pdf?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">View the Watrex Praha Water System Catalog.&nbsp;</a></blockquote><h4>Feed Water Quality&nbsp;</h4>Before selecting a system, it is advisable to analyze the feed water, which may come from the municipal water supply or pre-treated sources, to allow the supplier to recommend the most suitable system for your needs. Parameters such as ion content, organic substances, and microbial contamination can influence the suitability of a specific system.&nbsp;<h4>Purification Technologies&nbsp;</h4>Modern water purification systems combine several technologies to achieve the required purity:&nbsp;<ul><li>Filtration – mechanical filtration is the first step in the purification process, removing solid particles such as sediments, rust, and other mechanical impurities. Filters with different pore sizes (e.g., 5 μm or 0.2 μm) are used depending on the required water purity.&nbsp;</li><li>Activated Carbon – this step removes chlorine, organic contaminants, and certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Activated carbon absorbs chemicals that could affect analytical methods or cause unwanted reactions.&nbsp;</li><li>Reverse Osmosis (RO) – one of the most effective methods for removing dissolved salts, heavy metals, bacteria, and most organic impurities. This technology uses a semi-permeable membrane that allows water to pass through while retaining most contaminants, significantly reducing water conductivity.&nbsp;</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_10_obr_2_f34963c57b.jpg" alt="Watrex img.2: Reverse osmosis filter connection scheme. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_10_obr_2_f34963c57b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="947"><ul><li>Deionization (DI) – this method uses ion exchange resins to replace cations (e.g., Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺) and anions (e.g., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) with hydrogen (H⁺) and hydroxide (OH⁻) ions, resulting in nearly ion-free water. This technology is essential for producing ultrapure water.&nbsp;</li><li>Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation – used for water disinfection and organic matter breakdown. UV radiation at a wavelength of 185 nm effectively reduces total organic carbon (TOC) content, while UV at 254 nm is used for bacterial and viral inactivation.&nbsp;</li><li>Ultrafiltration (UF) – this technology utilizes membranes with pore sizes smaller than 0.01 μm, effectively removing bacteria, endotoxins, pyrogens, and other biological contaminants. It is essential in applications requiring the elimination of biological contamination, such as buffer preparation for cell cultures.&nbsp;</li><li>Electrodeionization (EDI) – an advanced technology combining ion exchange resins with an electrochemical regenerator, enabling continuous operation without chemical regeneration. The result is water with exceptionally low conductivity and minimal contamination.&nbsp;</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_10_1_e24a944b21.jpg" alt="Watrex img.3: Types of purification technologies. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_10_1_e24a944b21.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="755">The choice of the right combination of these technologies depends on the required water purity and its laboratory application.&nbsp;<h4>Capacity and Flow Rate&nbsp;</h4>The system selection should match the laboratory's daily water consumption. For example, small laboratories may require 10–50 L/day, while large research facilities may need hundreds of liters per day. The system's flow rate should be sufficient for efficient operation and rapid container filling.&nbsp;<h4>Maintenance, Service, and Supplier Selection&nbsp;</h4>When selecting a system, it is important to consider operating costs, including filter replacement, resin exchange, and other components. Regular maintenance is essential for maintaining optimal functionality and water quality.&nbsp;In addition to technical parameters, the availability of spare parts and manufacturer service support should also be considered. Reputable suppliers typically offer warranty and post-warranty service, which is crucial for the long-term reliability of the system. Thanks to its own service team, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">Watrex Praha</a> provides all needs from maintenance and service to the availability of all necessary spare parts and filters for its <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/water-purification/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">own water systems</a> or HealForce brand water systems.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The selection of a laboratory water purification system should be carefully considered based on the specific requirements of the workplace. Key factors include the required water purity, feed water parameters, purification technologies, capacity, operating costs, and service availability. Investing in the right system ensures optimal conditions for laboratory experiments and the protection of sensitive analytical methods. At Watrex Praha, we are fully available to assist you in selecting the best solution for your needs! Contact us at watrex@watrex.com or visit our website at <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">www.watrex.com.</a>

Selection of a Water Purification System for the Laboratory: Key Factors and Recommendations

<h3>Introduction</h3>This document presents:<ul><li>a comparison of integration algorithms (IAs) available in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a>,</li><li>a generally proposed workflow for integrating chromatograms,</li><li>description of functions that are available only in the Wave algorithm.</li></ul>Integration algorithms are a crucial component of any chromatography software. They identify peaks in a raw chromatographic curve, assign integration marks (starts, ends, apexes), and determine the peak baseline. Although it is the operator's responsibility to verify the correct peak integration after the analysis is finished, an automated peak detection facilitated by the integration algorithm can significantly streamline the workflow.Clarity since version 9.0 offers two IAs: the original algorithm, renamed Legacy, and a newly introduced algorithm named Wave, which evolved from an experimental algorithm present since version 7.0. The Wave algorithm will be regularly updated with new functions, settings, and bug fixes (updates for Legacy will only be released if a critical bug is discovered). Changes in IAs are always versioned and distinguishable by records in the audit trail.<h3>Choosing an integration algorithm</h3>Users can select either the Legacy or Wave integration algorithm for peak detection. The IA drop-down selection has been relocated to the Integration tab in both the Chromatogram window and the Method Setup dialog, highlighting the interconnection between the algorithm and the integration table.The introduction of Wave does not affect existing results or methods, as they will remain set to Legacy unless manually altered. Suppose a method was created using an older version of any integration algorithm and was not changed after the Clarity update to a newer version. In that case, the latest version of the same algorithm will be used in any newly measured chromatograms. This change will be logged in these chromatograms upon creation. To address potential issues, DataApex aims to use the algorithm version with the most bug fixes. Users are not required to re-save their methods, but if they do, the change will be logged in the method audit trail.One way to apply an integration algorithm to multiple chromatograms simultaneously is through the Batch dialog (not applicable to Clarity Lite).<h3>General Comparison</h3>Neither algorithm can be universally deemed superior; some situations may warrant using one IA over the other. Below are some examples of performance differences between the two IAs. At least the Global Peak Width and Global Threshold operations were presumed to be performed on the signal. If you encounter any issues with either of the integration algorithms, please inform DataApex via <a>support@dataapex.com</a>. This datasheet further contains an overview of a basic integration workflow.<h4>Advantages of Wave IA:</h4><ul><li>Handling of negative spikes/peaks with regard to baseline placement.</li><li>Handling of shifting baseline/signal.</li><li>Separation of unresolved peaks.</li></ul><h4>Disadvantages of Wave IA:</h4><ul><li>More sensitive to noise, requiring the use of Bunching or another filter in some cases.</li><li>Incorrect integration when peaks of significantly different widths are present (typical for GPC or EA).</li></ul><h4>Negative spikes/peaks</h4>When a chromatogram contains significant negative peaks or spikes that should not be evaluated, the default integration in the Wave algorithm will produce satisfactory results, while the Legacy algorithm will not. (In Legacy, this problem could be solved by applying several Integration Intervals.)<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_4b4372d5b8.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 1. Integration by Legacy IA considers the negative spike to be the start of the peak (or peak cluster)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_4b4372d5b8.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1063" height="548"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_11_e51da3eb48.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 2. Integration by Wave IA with the same parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_11_e51da3eb48.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1061" height="554"><h4>Shifting signal/baseline</h4>Similar to the negative peaks/spikes, the same situation may arise with a shifting baseline where the peaks should be evaluated to that baseline. Legacy IA will provide unsatisfactory integration. In Legacy, this could be solved by applying Baseline Valley to several places and combining them with Integration Interval.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_13_d44f34c303.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 3. Integration by Legacy IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_13_d44f34c303.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1064" height="551"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_14_8c3d2772fe.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 4. Integration by Wave IA with the same parameters. The fairly high number of peaks is caused by the low value of the Global Threshold." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_14_8c3d2772fe.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1062" height="553"><h4>Unresolved Peaks</h4>In Legacy IA, if a peak does not fulfill some criteria (it is too narrow or the valley to other non-resolved peaks is too low), it gets joined to a neighboring bigger peak. Meanwhile, Wave IA evaluates the valley depths much better and separates the peaks automatically, even when the small peak does not fulfill some of the criteria. Small impurities, thus, do not influence the area of the bigger peak of interest.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_10_49fded9390.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 5. Integration by Legacy IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_10_49fded9390.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1062" height="554"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_12_6d8d9a6980.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 6. Integration by Wave IA with the same parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_12_6d8d9a6980.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1062" height="551"><h4>Significant noise</h4>In some cases, the signal noise may be very significant, and the set threshold value in the Wave algorithm will be so low that one peak will be split into several peaks. The example below shows that neither of the IAs is sufficient with just Global Peak Width and Global Threshold; additional operations must be used.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_9_e020e43a49.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 7. Integration by Legacy IA with the same parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_9_e020e43a49.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1062" height="552"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_8_1b275412a8.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 8. Integration by Wave IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_8_1b275412a8.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1064" height="552"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_7_4071029dd3.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 9. Integration by Wave IA after applying Global Bunching. Sometimes, small peaks at the start/end of a bigger one may remain." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_7_4071029dd3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1061" height="550"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_6_ee88c557f1.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 10. Integration by Wave IA after applying Global Bunching and Minimal Area parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_6_ee88c557f1.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1063" height="556"><h4>Peaks with significantly different peak widths</h4>Sometimes, chromatograms have very different peak widths; when some peaks cover a significant portion of the chromatogram (e.g., in EA or GPC), Wave IA may fail to evaluate the wide peaks properly. Currently, it is recommended to integrate these chromatograms using Legacy IA.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_3_b833975244.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 11. Integration by Legacy IA with the same parameters." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_3_b833975244.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1060" height="549"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_4_660685f241.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 12. Integration by Wave IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_4_660685f241.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1060" height="551"><h4>Peaks cut off in the middle</h4>Sometimes, random peaks get integrated strangely in Wave IA, being cut off. This happens only randomly in the Wave IA (in a series of chromatograms, most peaks are OK, but occasional chromatograms may have one or more peaks cut off). The phenomenon results from filtering the data in combination with the signal curve course. There is no 100% solution in the Wave algorithm (applying Global Bunching or other filters helps in most cases). Switching to Legacy IA helps.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_2_ce68c8dc99.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 13. Integration by Wave IA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_2_ce68c8dc99.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1064" height="553"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_5_af9302130f.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 14. Integration by Wave IA after applying Global Bunching." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_5_af9302130f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1061" height="549"><h3>Basic integration workflow</h3>Setting at least the Integration Interval and global parameters before resorting to other operations is recommended. This strategy suffices for most chromatograms, and such integration is then applicable to all similar samples. The recommended order of operations is as follows (refer to the User Guide for a detailed description):<ol><li>Set Integration Interval(s) Some areas of the chromatograms are irrelevant to the analysis and may cause wrong integration of the rest of the chromatogram if left in operation, e.g., sudden steep signal rises/drops when lamps are switched on, mobile phase compositions suddenly changing, etc. Make sure that the Integration Interval operation does not define an interval starting or ending inside of a peak slope; in either IA, the expectation is that the chromatogram starts and ends on a baseline.</li><li>Set Global Peak Width If the chromatogram has peaks with significantly differing peak widths, applying the Local Peak Width operation may be useful later.</li><li>Use Global Bunching operation Global Bunching is calculated based on the chromatogram frequency and the set Global Peak Width, so it should be applied after setting the Global Peak Width.</li><li>Set Global Threshold Based on the Threshold value, the smallest peaks are omitted depending on the noise of the signal curve. Since Global Bunching acts as a signal filter, the automatically suggested Global Threshold value will differ after applying Global Bunching higher than 1.</li></ol><h3>Exclusive features in Wave IA</h3>Wave IA contains some Integration Table functions that are unavailable in Legacy IA. If these functions are present in the Integration Table, they will become invisible (not performed) when switching to the Legacy IA but will remain if the algorithm reverts to Wave.<h4>Peak – Show and Peak – Hide</h4>The Peak – Show and Peak – Hide functions provide a convenient way to manage the visibility of specific peaks in your data. These tools allow you to tailor your display by either showing or hiding specific peaks.By default, the Wave algorithm might automatically ignore some of the minor peaks identified during integration. However, completely eliminating these peaks could potentially affect the baseline's trajectory. Therefore, these functions offer a flexible way to handle unwanted peaks without completely removing them.Both the Peak – Show and Peak – Hide features are complemented by the Baseline – Lock function. This tool completely removes all peaks that have their maxima within a set time interval. This could affect other peaks with maxima outside the specified window, particularly if they share the same baseline.The Peak – Hide function has been designed within the Wave algorithm to address this. It merely hides peaks within the selected time interval instead of eradicating them. These peaks are considered when constructing a joint baseline but excluded from the final calculation and the Result Table. The counterpart function Peak - Show allows you to visualize a previously hidden peak or display peaks automatically hidden by the algorithm.In scenarios where a region of the chromatogram contains hidden peaks and the user executes the Peak – Add Positive/Negative operation, all automatically generated but concealed peaks within the defined time interval are replaced by the newly added peak. This could lead to the cancellation of hidden peaks in areas where the manually added peak is not displayed due to baseline crossing limitations.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_15_b934973f35.jpg" alt="DataApex: Integration Algorithms in Clarity: Figure 15. Difference between Peak Hide (left) and Baseline Lock (right)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Integration_Algorithms_in_Clarity_15_b934973f35.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1830" height="285"><h4>Global/Local Baseline Slope</h4>Automatic peak generation on a standard signal curve typically comprises three parts: Peak Start, Peak Apex, and Peak End. The highest signal point determines the location of Peak Apex. At the same time, the positioning of Peak Starts and Peak Ends can vary, potentially being either closer or farther from the Peak Apex, based on user preference. Different settings can be more effective depending on the situation.Before the introduction of the Wave IA, the automatic determination of Peak Starts and Peak Ends was governed by the instantaneous peak slope, calculated using the Global/Local Threshold parameter. If users wanted the automatically generated peak borders closer to the Peak Apex, they had to increase the Threshold value. However, this resulted in raising the detection limit for peaks on the baseline, which could prevent the identification of smaller peaks.Wave IA presents an alternative. It allows users to maintain their chosen Threshold value while separately defining the chromatographic curve slope for detecting Peak Starts and Peak Ends through the use of the Global Baseline Slope or Local Baseline Slope operations. This parameter is not mandatory; users can retain the original slope calculation method by leaving the Global Baseline Slope value set to 0. Any value other than zero will cause a shift in the positions of the Peak Starts and Peak Ends.You can find an approximate value for this function using the Chromatogram – Show Slope/Level function in the Chromatogram window menu. However, altering the Baseline Slope value may result in separating peak clusters into individual peaks or merging separate peaks, and some peaks may not be integrated at all.For specific alterations to the start and/or end positions of individual peaks, the Peak – Start and Peak – End operations remain useful. These functions override the automatically calculated positions for peak start and peak end.

Integration Algorithms in Clarity

Clarity 10.1 expands calibration capabilities to help you work more confidently and efficiently. From clearer guidance and better warnings to flexible internal standard evaluation, this update streamlines calibration development, improves traceability, and supports compliance where it matters most.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Clarity_10_1_397aba9bab.jpg" alt="DataApex: Clarity 10.1 released" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Clarity_10_1_397aba9bab.jpg 143w," sizes="100vw" width="849" height="925"><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.cz/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/P063_Clarity_10_1_New_Features_283323fcd2.pdf">Clarity 10.1 highlights</a></h4><ul><li>ISTD from a different signal</li><li>Determination Coefficient (R2)</li><li>Enhanced calibration warnings and blank handling</li><li>Electronic Signature improvements</li><li>New and updated control modules</li></ul><h5>Internal standard from another signal</h5>Clarity 10.1 introduces support for evaluating results using an internal standard from a different signal within the same chromatogram. This is especially useful for workflows like ICP-MS, where some signals may lack an ISTD peak.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Internal_standard_from_another_signal_2f2ac068f8.jpg" alt="DataApex: Internal standard from another signal" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Internal_standard_from_another_signal_2f2ac068f8.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><h5>Determination Coefficient (R²)</h5>Clarity now displays the Determination Coefficient (R²) alongside the Correlation Coefficient in each compound's calibration curve tab.Determination Coefficient (R²) gives you a more accurate view of how well your calibration model fits the data - especially valuable during method development and validation.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Determination_Coefficient_57673d0ac3.jpg" alt="DataApex: Determination Coefficient" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Determination_Coefficient_57673d0ac3.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><h5>Enhanced calibration warnings and blank handling</h5>Clarity 10.1 helps you catch issues earlier and set up calibration with greater confidence. Warnings are now more visible and more specific - appearing above both the Results Table and the Calibration Summary Table. When multiple issues occur, an ellipsis appears with full details available on hover.Blank handling has also been clarified: blanks are included only when Ignore Origin is selected. If the origin is used, blanks are excluded, and Clarity now clearly warns and visually shows when a blank is ignored.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Dataapex_Enhanced_calibration_warnings_and_blank_handling_e9fe7fa31e.jpg" alt="Dataapex: Enhanced calibration warnings and blank handling" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Dataapex_Enhanced_calibration_warnings_and_blank_handling_e9fe7fa31e.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><h5>Signature improvements</h5>Clarity 10.1 improves how signatures are handled, making it easier to understand what is and isn't signed. Chromatograms opened with a linked calibration are always marked Not Signed. Once signed, the mode switches to Stored Calibration, so you always see the final, signed result. Even historical versions now reliably show their signature state and details.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Dataapex_Signature_improvements_a2bebe7875.jpg" alt="Dataapex: Signature improvements" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Dataapex_Signature_improvements_a2bebe7875.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><blockquote>Explore the complete list of all changes, fixes, and additions in version 10.1.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1">See the complete changelog</a></blockquote>

Clarity Chromatography Software 10.1 released!

Clarity's Dual Chromatogram Mode is a specialized configuration designed for analytical systems that require simultaneous acquisition and processing of data from multiple detectors. Most commonly applied in dual tower gas chromatograph (GC) systems, this mode allows for the real-time acquisition of two chromatograms - each representing distinct detector outputs.This guide provides an in-depth look into the configuration, operational mechanics, and benefits of using Dual Chromatogram Mode within <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity software</a> by DataApex.<h4>Tools and System Requirements</h4><h5>Prerequisites</h5><ul><li>Clarity Chromatography Software</li><li>Dual Detector System (e.g., Dual Tower GC)</li><li>Properly configured System Configuration files</li><li>Signal Channels connected to respective detectors</li></ul><h4>System Configuration and Activation</h4><h5>Enabling Dual Chromatogram Mode</h5>To enable this mode, the user must access the System Configuration settings and individually activate Dual Chromatogram Mode for each instrument. This configuration determines how signal inputs from multiple detectors are routed.<h5>Assigning Signals</h5>Once activated:<ul><li>Signals are split and assigned to either the Front or Back chromatogram.</li><li>This signal labeling is consistent throughout the Clarity software workflow, ensuring accurate data mapping and separation.</li></ul><h4>Method Setup and Calibration</h4><h5>Method Adaptation</h5>Each method needs to be adapted to work with Dual Chromatogram Mode:<ul><li>Signals are distinctly labeled by position (Front/Back).</li><li>Each method tab includes separate configuration areas for each signal path.</li></ul><h5>Calibration Files</h5><ul><li>If calibration is used, individual calibration files must be assigned to the front and back chromatogram paths within the method settings.</li></ul><h4>Interface and Workflow Adjustments</h4><h5>Chromatogram and Instrument Windows</h5><ul><li>The Instrument Window is visually adapted to display both signal positions side by side.</li><li>The Chromatogram Window clearly labels which detector the chromatogram originated from by indicating position in the Measurement Conditions section.</li></ul><h5>Sequence Window Enhancements</h5><ul><li>Identification columns in the Sequence Window are designated separately for each chromatogram.</li><li>Other columns (like sample names, batch parameters) are shared and applied to both positions.</li></ul><h4>Reporting and Data Processing</h4><h5>Report Customization</h5><ul><li>Generated reports automatically include a dual mode label, indicating the chromatogram's origin (Front/Back).</li><li>All standard report formatting options remain supported.</li></ul><h5>Data Evaluation</h5><ul><li>The mode supports independent processing for each chromatogram.</li><li>All standard reprocessing operations—such as integration, calibration application, and result analysis - are supported independently for each position.</li></ul><h4>Conclusion</h4>Clarity’s Dual Chromatogram Mode offers robust functionality for dual-detector systems, providing synchronized acquisition while maintaining the independence of signal processing. This ensures analytical accuracy, ease of comparison, and flexible evaluation, especially in multi-detector chromatographic setups.<blockquote>For more information, see the Dual Chromatogram Mode manual:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.cz/paper/30514">Clarity Extension DUAL CHROMATOGRAM MODE</a></li></ul>For further learning, watch more instructional content on the:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@DataapexPrague">DataApex YouTube channel</a></li></ul></blockquote>

Dual Chromatogram Mode in Clarity: A Technical Overview

<h4>1. Introduction</h4>This article provides a comprehensive and structured troubleshooting guide for <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity chromatography software </a>by DataApex. Based on the instructional video titled “What to do when you have issues with Clarity”, it outlines common errors, diagnostic methods, and recommended procedures for addressing technical problems in both software and hardware configurations.<h4>2. Required Tools and Environment</h4>To effectively troubleshoot Clarity, ensure you have access to the following:<ul><li>Clarity Software (version 9.x or 10.x)</li><li>Hardware key (HW key) – for license authorization</li><li>Windows administrator privileges</li><li>Connected instrumentation (GC/LC systems, A/D converters)</li><li>Diagnostic tools:<ul><li>Windows Event Viewer</li><li>Clarity Device Configuration Manager</li></ul></li></ul><h4>3. Common Errors and Solutions</h4><h5>3.1 File Access Errors</h5>Symptom:<ul><li>Error messages such as: "Unknown error accessing ... Temp\Clarity\$ch1run.raw"</li></ul>Cause:<ul><li>Lack of write permissions to the Temp directory.</li></ul>Solution:<ol><li>Ensure the Windows user has full access to the Temp\Clarity folder.</li><li>Run Clarity as Administrator to bypass restricted permissions.</li></ol><h5>3.2 Hardware Key Not Recognized</h5>Symptoms:<ul><li>"Clarity is unable to find HW key"</li><li>"Missing keylock drivers"</li><li>"Blocked HW key"</li></ul>Causes:<ul><li>Key not plugged in, damaged USB port, or missing driver.</li></ul>Solution:<ol><li>Reinsert the HW key into a direct USB port (avoid USB hubs).</li><li>If drivers are missing or outdated, reinstall the HW key drivers and restart the PC.</li><li>Contact DataApex support if the key is blocked or invalid.</li></ol><h5>3.3 Visual C++ Redistributable Installation Fails</h5>Error:<ul><li>"Exit code: 1618" during Clarity installation.</li></ul>Cause:<ul><li>Another installation is already running (e.g., Windows Update).</li></ul>Solution:<ul><li>Wait for the current installation to finish, restart the system, and rerun the Clarity installer.</li></ul><h5>3.4 Instrument Communication Failure</h5>Error:<ul><li>"Cannot establish communication with XXX SN xxx!"</li></ul>Possible Causes:<ul><li>Instrument is turned off or disconnected.</li><li>Wrong or missing driver.</li><li>Incorrect COM port or IP address.</li></ul>Solution:<ol><li>Power on the instrument and verify all connections.</li><li>Use Clarity → System Configuration → Devices to verify driver and port settings.</li><li>Restart the driver or reassign the port if needed.</li></ol><h5>3.5 RAW File Creation Errors</h5>Error:<ul><li>"Cannot create RAW file"</li><li>"Cannot create $ch1temp.raw"</li></ul>Cause:<ul><li>Clarity fails to rename the RAW file due to a file conflict or improper termination.</li></ul>Solution:<ul><li>Ensure the previous acquisition was closed properly.</li><li>Clear error dialogs and restart the acquisition.</li></ul><h5>3.6 Project Change Requires Restart</h5>Error:<ul><li>"Changing project requires to restart instrument."</li></ul>Solution:<ul><li>Save your changes and allow the instrument to restart as prompted.</li></ul><h5>3.7 Configuration File Corruption or Version Conflict</h5>Errors:<ul><li>"Configuration file is not valid"</li><li>"Incompatible device driver"</li></ul>Cause:<ul><li>Attempting to load a project or method created in a newer software version.</li></ul>Solution:<ol><li>Use backup files provided by Clarity.</li><li>Reconfigure devices manually if needed.</li><li>Install matching drivers compatible with your current Clarity version.</li></ol><h5>3.8 Method and Table Errors</h5>Common Issues:<ul><li>"Fraction table contains overlapping time intervals"</li><li>"Too many peaks in chromatogram"</li><li>"Method file does not match instrument configuration"</li></ul>Solution:<ul><li>Adjust fraction time intervals to prevent overlaps.</li><li>Tweak peak detection settings (width, threshold).</li><li>Modify or recreate the method to reflect hardware changes.</li></ul><h4>4. General Troubleshooting Workflow</h4><ol><li>Reboot your PC – resolves many temporary issues.</li><li>Check file and folder permissions – especially the Temp and project directories.</li><li>Verify hardware connections – including USB and serial ports.</li><li>Update or reinstall drivers – HW key, devices, or Clarity modules.</li><li>Restore from backups – when configuration or method files are corrupted.</li></ol><h4>5. Analysis and Best Practices</h4><ul><li>70% of reported issues are related to permissions, HW key problems, or outdated drivers.</li><li>Always keep Clarity and related drivers updated from the official source.</li><li>Ensure project and method files are compatible with the Clarity version you are using.</li><li>Use administrative privileges when installing or configuring hardware/software.</li></ul><h4>6. Conclusion</h4>Clarity is a robust chromatography software platform, but like any system, it may encounter operational or configuration errors. This guide outlines practical and verified troubleshooting techniques derived from real-world scenarios shown in the DataApex tutorial video.For persistent or unclear issues, consult the DataApex Support Portal for documentation, driver downloads, and direct contact with technical support.<blockquote><h5>Quick Tips Recap</h5><ul><li>Always start with a reboot and check permissions.</li><li>Reinstall drivers if devices or keys are not recognized.</li><li>Use correct project/method versions matching your Clarity installation.</li></ul></blockquote>

Troubleshooting Guide: Resolving Issues with Clarity Chromatography Software

<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> is a professional chromatography data system (CDS) developed by DataApex. This article provides a technical guide to how Clarity organizes and stores its files. You will learn about each key directory, the types of data stored, best practices for backup and transfer, and file dependencies that must be preserved.<h4>🗂️ Main Folder Structure</h4>Once Clarity is installed, several important folders are created within the installation directory:<h5>1. Bin Folder</h5><ul><li>Contains the Clarity software executable files and essential utilities:<ul><li>IQ (Installation Qualification)</li><li>Launch Manager</li></ul></li><li>No user modification or backup is needed here.</li></ul><h5>2. CFG (Configuration) Folder</h5><ul><li>Stores station configuration and user-specific settings.</li><li>Includes:<ul><li>Device configuration files</li><li>User layout files (.DSK)</li><li>Audit trails</li><li>Diagnostic data</li></ul></li><li>Essential for backup and station transfer.</li></ul><h5>3. DataFiles Folder</h5><ul><li>Stores all chromatographic measurement data.</li><li>Organized by projects—details provided in the next section.</li></ul><h5>4. Documentation Folder</h5><ul><li>Includes data sheets, user manuals, and relevant documents for the installed software version.</li></ul><h5>5. uninstall.exe</h5><ul><li>Used to uninstall Clarity from the system.</li></ul><h4>What Should Be Backed Up?</h4>When backing up or transferring a Clarity installation, it is critical to retain the following:<ul><li>The entire CFG folder – contains configuration, settings, and audit data.</li><li>The DataFiles folder – contains all project data and chromatograms.</li><li>Key files:<ul><li>configuration.cfg – station/device setup</li><li>desktop.dsk – user interface layout</li><li>clarity.psw – password storage</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Understanding the DataFiles Folder Structure</h4>Clarity uses a project-based architecture for storing measurement data. The structure of the DataFiles folder is as follows:Top-Level Contents of DataFiles<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Top_Level_Contents_of_Data_Files_ce779a1797.jpg" alt="DataApex: Table 1 Top-Level Contents of DataFiles" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Top_Level_Contents_of_Data_Files_ce779a1797.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="377">Inside a Project FolderEach project folder contains the following:<ul><li>Main project directory:<ul><li>Method files (*.met)</li><li>Sequence files (*.sqt)</li><li>SST files (*.sst)</li></ul></li><li>Subfolders (created by default):<ul><li>Calib – for calibration chromatograms and standards</li><li>Data – for unknown samples and bypass measurements</li></ul></li></ul>Users may create subfolders inside Calib and Data for better organization by date, sample type, etc.⚠️ Important: Do not create subfolders outside of Calib and Data. Improper structure may break internal file links and lead to system errors.<h4>📁 Example Files and Their Functions</h4><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Example_Files_and_Their_Functions_f1924494e5.jpg" alt="DataApex: Table 2 Example Files and Their Functions" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Example_Files_and_Their_Functions_f1924494e5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="639"><h4>Best Practices</h4><ul><li>Regularly back up both CFG and DataFiles folders.</li><li>When transferring Clarity to a new PC:<ol><li>Install Clarity as usual.</li><li>Copy over the CFG and DataFiles folders.</li></ol></li><li>Avoid moving or editing files manually outside of permitted folders (Calib, Data).</li></ul><h4>Conclusion</h4>Proper file management in Clarity ensures a stable and reliable workflow. By following the recommended folder structure and backup strategy, users can safeguard their analytical data, simplify system migration, and avoid common issues.

Clarity File Storage and Organization: A Complete Guide

Manual population of sequence and calibration tables can be a time-consuming task in chromatography data systems. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity software</a> from DataApex offers two powerful tools—Fill Down and Fill Series—to streamline this process and reduce repetitive typing. This article provides a structured and technical explanation of how to use these features effectively within Clarity, enabling users to improve their workflow efficiency during method setup and sample analysis.<h4>Tools and Environment</h4><ul><li>Software: Clarity Chromatography Data System</li><li>Modules Covered: Sequence Table, Calibration Table</li><li>User Access: Requires access to sequence or calibration tables within Clarity</li><li>Navigation: Edit menu or right-click (local menu) access to commands</li></ul><h4>Overview of Table Filling Commands</h4>Clarity provides two primary functions for populating table columns:<ul><li>Fill Down: Replicates the content of a single cell downward through the column.</li><li>Fill Series: Fills a range of selected cells with a numeric or text pattern, typically incremented values.</li></ul>These commands can be invoked from:<ul><li>The Edit menu in the main application window.</li><li>The local (right-click) menu within a specific table.</li></ul><h4>Step-by-Step Procedure</h4><h5>1. Using Fill Down</h5>This function is used to copy the contents of the currently selected cell to all cells below it in the same column.Instructions:<ol><li>Open the sequence or calibration table in Clarity.</li><li>Select the cell containing the value to be copied.</li><li>Navigate to Edit &gt; Fill Down or right-click and select Fill Down.</li><li>All cells below the selected cell in the same column are populated with the same content.</li></ol>Use Case Example: If "Unknown 1" is typed in a single row, Fill Down can replicate "Unknown 1" across all subsequent rows of that column.<h5>2. Using Fill Series</h5>Fill Series is used when a user needs to populate a sequence of incrementally numbered or structured entries.Instructions:<ol><li>Select the range of cells in a column you wish to populate.</li><li>Right-click the selection and choose Fill Series from the local menu.</li><li>A dialog window titled Fill Series appears.</li><li>Enter the desired increment value (e.g., 2).</li><li>Click OK to apply the series.</li></ol>Example Scenario:<ul><li>If you start with “Unknown 1” and apply an increment of 2, the resulting entries will be:<ul><li>Unknown 1</li><li>Unknown 3</li><li>Unknown 5</li></ul></li></ul>The increment applies to the numeric component of the entry while maintaining the text prefix.<h4>Functional Notes and Best Practices</h4><ul><li>Partial Column Filling: Both Fill Down and Fill Series work on selected cells only, allowing partial updates without overwriting the entire column.</li><li>Reversible Actions: All filling operations can be undone using the standard Undo feature if applied incorrectly.</li><li>Numeric Incrementation: Fill Series interprets trailing numbers in strings and adjusts only the numeric portion.</li><li>Flexibility: The Fill Series dialog also includes a switchable option to use Fill Down as an alternative, depending on user need.</li></ul><h4>Benefits of Using Fill Functions</h4><ul><li>Time Efficiency: Reduces manual typing, especially for large sequences.</li><li>Error Reduction: Minimizes input errors from repetitive data entry.</li><li>Standardization: Ensures consistent naming conventions across rows.</li></ul><h4>Conclusion</h4>The Fill Down and Fill Series features in Clarity provide powerful, user-friendly tools for populating sequence and calibration tables quickly and accurately. By leveraging these commands, laboratory professionals can improve workflow efficiency, reduce errors, and maintain consistent data entry standards across analytical sequences.

Efficient Table Population in Clarity Software: Using Fill Down and Fill Series Functions

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