<p><strong>In the week from April 14, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></p><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Bruker: Conserving knowledge: Non-invasive manuscript analysis by means of micro-XRF and hyperspectral imaging</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 15, 2025, 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5014">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar explores ink analysis using spatially resolved micro-XRF and recent advances in co-registering NIR transmission to determine ink composition.</p><h5><strong>2. Separation Science: Unlock New Possibilities with the Fully Loaded Brevis GC-2050: Expanded Inlets, New Detectors, Lower Costs</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 15, 2025, 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4894">Registration</a></li></ul><h5>Join us for an insightful webinar on how the Brevis GC-2050 can transform your lab operations.</h5><h5><strong>3. Restek Corporation: GC Troubleshooting: Tips and Tricks</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 15, 2025, 14:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4921">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this troubleshooting session we will discuss the purpose and impact of the critical parts and setup used in split and splitless injection and how they impact your results.</p><h5><strong>4. Agilent Technologies: Create Libraries with Your Data</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 15, 2025, 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4959">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this webinar and learn how to build a personal library using standards or compounds found in a sample.</p><h5><strong>5. GERSTEL: Advantages and Capabilities of the GERSTEL TDU for Sample Extraction and Introduction</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 15, 2025, 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4922">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar will illustrate the GERSTEL Thermal Desorption Unit, highlighting the hardware components, thermal desorption process, and extraction techniques with examples.</p><h5><strong>6. Agilent Technologies: Evolving Landscape on Control of Excipients Quality in Pharmaceutical Products</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 16, 2025, 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5049">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this webinar to hear IPC and Agilent experts share their views on the role of Pharmacopeias in ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical products and excipients.</p><h5><strong>7. Separation Science: Switching to Hydrogen Carrier Gas: An Analyst’s Guide to GC-MS Method Conversion</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 16, 2025, 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4877">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, join Dr. Andreas Kapaklis and Anika Maier from TESTEX as they share their experiences in implementing hydrogen carrier gas in their thermal desorption (TD)–GC–MS workflow.</p><h5><strong>8. Agilent Technologies: Navigating Nitrosamines – Back to Basics</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 17, 2025, 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4873">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This session will help companies begin their journey with nitrosamines, covering key steps to ensure a sufficient nitrosamines risk assessment.</p><h5><strong>9. Agilent Technologies: Increase Confidence in Your Component Identification and Eliminate Components with Similar Spectra More Efficiently</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 17, 2025, 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4960">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this webinar and learn what retention indices (RIs) are, how they are measured, and how RIs can help minimize spectral false positives and misidentification.</p><h5><strong>10. Shimadzu Corporation: Ask Us Anything About the Analysis of PFAS</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 17, 2025, 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4839">Registration</a></li></ul><p>We will host a live panel discussion. Top experts in the field will provide their perspectives and answer your questions about PFAS testing in diverse environmental samples.</p>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 16/2025

<p><strong>In the week from April 14, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></p><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Bruker: Conserving knowledge: Non-invasive manuscript analysis by means of micro-XRF and hyperspectral imaging</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 15, 2025, 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5014">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar explores ink analysis using spatially resolved micro-XRF and recent advances in co-registering NIR transmission to determine ink composition.</p><h5><strong>2. Anton Paar: Soft Materials</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 15, 2025, 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4455">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This module delves into the unique challenges of testing soft materials and explores how instrumented characterization techniques provide deeper insights into their mechanical behavior.</p><h5><strong>3. SelectScience: Quantitative measurement solutions for flow cytometry</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 16, 2025, 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4870">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, Dr. Virginia Litwin (Eurofins) will review the fundamental principles and current best practices for instrument qualification and calibration, assay optimization, and method validation.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 16/2025

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 14th April 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu </strong>and poster by<strong> University of Copenhagen / MDCW!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Purity Analysis of N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP) Using an Agilent 8850 GC</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_purity_analysis_n_methyl_pyrrolidone_8850_gc_5994_8126en_agilent_96dd34f254.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Analysis of organic solvents to determine purity is a ubiquitous laboratory task that is well suited for gas chromatography (GC). Purity testing is an important part of process monitoring and provides key quality metrics for both feedstocks and products, as well as insights into process conditions by monitoring intermediate streams. The highly used solvent NMP is critical in many industries, including semiconductors, coatings and adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. The role of NMP in the manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries (LiB) is of particular interest.&nbsp;</p><p>Within the LiB market, NMP is analyzed at both gross and residual levels. NMP as a bulk solvent must be screened for impurities that may affect performance in the battery electrodes. High-purity NMP is employed in creating the slurry applied to the LiB electrodes.1 NMP dissolves the polymer binder to apply the slurry to the aluminum foils, resulting in a functional LiB cathode. Once that application is complete, the residual NMP is removed, usually by drying the product. Two quantitation approaches to determine residual NMP on electrodes have been evaluated in recent publications.2,3 To complement the detection of low-level NMP, this work will address the purity of NMP as a starting material.&nbsp;</p><p>NMP is a highly polar, aprotic solvent with a relatively high boiling point of more than 200 °C. The pure solvent has an alkaline pH of approximately 10, and has a low vapor pressure and high flash point, which lend to its success in manufacturing environments. These characteristics also make NMP more challenging than volatile solvents when performing routine solvent purity analysis on GC systems. Solvents with lower volatility and higher viscosity require more frequent maintenance of both the GC inlet and the autosampler to manage carryover and repeatability quality checks.&nbsp;</p><p>The two most common impurities associated with NMP are N-methyl succinimide (NMS) and 2-pyrrolidinone (2PYR), shown in Figure 1. As there are similarities in both structure and properties among the three compounds, a robust purity analysis using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=8850+GC"><strong>8850 GC</strong></a> can be achieved by combining appropriate column selection, GC oven temperature control, and inlet pressure control. While this would be more simply executed if all compounds were present at the same level, the expectation of a solvent purity method is that it can perform well for both the highest and lowest concentration in the mixture.</p><h4><strong>Experimental&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>All data were generated on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=8850+GC"><strong>8850 GC</strong></a> with a split/splitless (S/SL) inlet and flame ionization detector (FID). Samples were introduced to the GC inlet using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=7650+ALS"><strong>7650 ALS</strong></a>. Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=1&amp;search=OpenLab+CDS+software"><strong>OpenLab CDS software</strong></a>, version 2.7, was used for data acquisition and analysis. The GC flow path is shown in Figure 2, and the method conditions are provided in Table 1. NMP samples were sourced from both a commercial vendor and a customer production facility, summarized in Table 2.</p><h4><strong>Results and discussion</strong></h4><p>The separation study evaluated several columns, and the following criteria were considered: void time, peak shape, baseline consistency, and operating temperature range. While NMP, NMS, and 2PYR all have boiling points exceeding 200 °C, they also have favorable vapor pressures to consider higher polarity columns with lower maximum operating temperatures. Single-component standards were prepared at 0.1% (w/v) from neat NMS (≥ 99%) and 2PYR (99%), both from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, U.S.) to verify compound identification and retention time.&nbsp;</p><p>The evaluated column chemistries included polyethylene-glycol-based columns such as the Agilent DB-WAX Ultra Inert (UI) and Agilent J&amp;W HP-INNOWax, cyanopropyl columns such as the Agilent J&amp;W DB-624 and DB-23, and apolar columns such as the Agilent J&amp;W DB-5. The data were most consistent and comprehensive with a 30 m × 320 µm, 0.5 µm DB-23. Most column selections eventually resulted in an adequate separation under optimized conditions, but the DB-23 was selected because the separation demonstrated less void time, better peak shape for NMS and 2PYR, and lower baseline bleed over time. Although both DB-624 and DB-WAX UI column chemistries are typically used to quantify residual NMP, the injections in this study contained NMP as the primary component of the injection, which impacts the separation. The unidentified impurity that eluted at 18 minutes under the conditions in Table 1 was used as a marker for the end of the GC run, as this compound was highly retained on some columns.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>The Agilent 8850 GC, 7650 ALS, and J&amp;W DB-23 column together deliver exceptional performance for separating common impurities in NMP solvent. With intelligent features such as Sample Overlap and Peak Evaluation, as well as a compact design that conserves lab space, the 8850 GC is essential for high-throughput labs requiring consistency in results. The DB-23 column's excellent separation capabilities, demonstrated through comparative analysis of customer samples, make it ideal for workflows seeking detailed impurity information alongside the overall solvent purity results.</p><h3><strong>2. University of Copenhagen / MDCW: The evaluation of GC×GC-QTOF data by pixel-based analysis: A Tutorial&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/N_Gawlitta_The_Evaluationof_G_Cx_GC_QTOF_Data_By_Pixel_based_Analysis_a_Tutorial_89b4f8ea57.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The identification of unknown sample components has become more important as the release of chemicals into the environment steadily increases leading to a high impact of potentially harmful substances. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2"><strong>GC×GC</strong></a>) is a powerful tool for non-targeted analysis (NTA) especially when coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=2-16-5"><strong>QTOFMS</strong></a>). Bottleneck is the high amount of data and required manual corrections after data processing. Herein, we present a NTA workflow for the evaluation of GC×GC-QTOFMS data of 42 effluent samples from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Denmark using pixel-based analysis.</p><h4><strong>METHODS</strong></h4><p>The effluent samples were analyzed after derivatization with MSTFA using GC×GC-QTOFMS. For data analysis, following steps were conducted: Data was binned to nominal mass and the total ion current (TIC) was used. Chromatograms were aligned using landmark approach (GC Image). Phase shifting and cropping was applied prior baseline correction using Lower Convex Hull Estimate. The influence of blank removal, scaling and normalization on the outcome of principal component analysis (PCA) and pixel prioritization was evaluated.</p><h3><strong>3. Shimadzu: High Throughput HS-GC Method for Residual Solvent Analysis in Valsartan API&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_06_saip_gc_040_en_cd25278230.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>User benefits:</strong></h5><ul><li>HS-20 NX features a short transfer line along with continuous isolation gas flow minimizes carryover and enhances precision.</li><li>Active overlapping function, reduces sample analysis cycle time which boosts productivity.</li><li>Multiple solvent analysis in a single method.</li></ul><p>According to Guidelines by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) [1], all residual solvents should be removed to the extent possible, to meet product specifications, good manufacturing practices, or other qualitybased requirements. Testing for residual solvents in raw materials is highly recommended as this solvent may be carried through the process and remain in the finished product. Early in the process, control is usually more effective during initial manufacturing stages compared to remediation which may resultsin even rejection of final product.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Residual Solvent:</strong> Residual solvents in pharmaceuticals are defined as organic volatile chemicals that are used or produced in the manufacturing of drug substances or excipients, or in the preparation of drug products. Residual solvent analysis in pharmaceutical products is necessary not only because they represent a potential risk for human health, due to their toxicity and their undesirable side effects, but also because they may affect the physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical products. Therefore, it is a mandatory requirement for health authorities in the world to accurately determine the levels of residualsolventsthat are present in APIs or finished products. The ICH guideline Q3C(R9)[2] classifies the regularly used solventsinto three different classes based on their toxicity :&nbsp;</p><ul><li><strong>Class 1 solvents</strong> should be avoided due to their known carcinogenic effect on human. Hence, their use should not be employed in the manufacture of drug substances, excipients and drug products.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Class 2 solvents</strong> should be limited in the drug products because of their inherent toxicity.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Class 3 solvents</strong> are regarded as less toxic and of a lower risk to human health but those also have specified control threshold.</li></ul><p><strong>Analysis of Residual solvents:</strong> Gas chromatography is the technique of choice used for the analysis of the residual solvents. Several methods are available for this analysis in pharmacopeial references such as USP, BP, PhEur which are based on headspace technique</p><p><strong>Requirement of high throughput GC method:</strong> Multiple method are required to analyze all the classified solvents in ICH. Also, these methods are having longer run time which decreases productivity. Further, huge amounts of solvents are consumed during sample and standard preparations. By using high throughput method, maximum number of residual solvents can be analyzed in a single method. Various combinations of residual solvents can be analyzed by preparing standard of desired residual solvents. This method can be optimized for the critically separated residual solvent pair at the time of actual analysis. Hence, it proves to be time efficient and cost effective.</p><p><strong>Use of </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=Nexis+GC-2030"><strong>Nexis GC-2030</strong></a><strong> with </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=HS-20+NX"><strong>HS-20 NX </strong></a><strong>for the high throughput method:</strong></p><p>Shimadzu’s Nexis GC with HS-20 NX headspace autosampler provides unique features which helps in rapid chromatographic analysis such as high head pressure capacity enabling fast GC analysis. Also, vial overlapping function decreases cycle time, thereby boosting productivity.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Shimadzu’s Nexis GC-2030 along with HS–20 NX headspace system is suitable for drug discovery and pharmaceutical applications, allowing testing of wide range of residual solvents from low to high boilers in a single method with a short run time.</p>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 16, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 16, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 16, 2025

<p><strong>The goal of this study was to develop a straightforward and green analytical method for the semi-quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in extra virgin olive oil. The method uses cryogenic-zone-compression gas chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry (CZC GC-QMS), allowing for a significant enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio and simplifying the sample preparation to a single extraction step using only 500 µL of acetonitrile.</strong></p><p>This approach aligns with green analytical chemistry principles, offering improved sensitivity—an average 14-fold increase in s/n ratio—while maintaining satisfactory limits of quantification, accuracy, and precision. The method was applied to ten EVOO samples, where trace levels of PAHs were detected in six of them.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228"><strong>Cryogenic-zone-compression gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in extra virgin olive oil</strong></a></h4><p>Alessia Arena, Mariosimone Zoccali, Peter Q. Tranchida, Luigi Mondello&nbsp;</p><p>Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 1732, 13 September 2024, 465248</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465248">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465248</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><p>Humans are exposed to a wide range of chemicals throughout their lifetimes, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which require particular attention due to their toxicity [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0001"><span>1</span></a>]. PAHs constitute a class of organic compounds composed of two or more aromatic rings, primarily formed through incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0001"><span>1</span></a>]. One of the main routes of exposure is through food, particularly fatty foods, given the lipophilic nature of these contaminants [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0002"><span>2</span></a>]. Sixteen PAHs have been highlighted by the International Programme on Chemical Safety, the Scientific Committee on Food, and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives as mutagenic and genotoxic in somatic cells, and have also shown clear carcinogenic effects [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0001"><span>1</span></a>]. According to the European (EU) Regulation 835/2011, a maximum level (ML) of 2.0 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and of 10.0 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> for the sum of BaP, benz[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), and benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFA) has been established for fats and oils [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0003"><span>3</span></a>]. At the same time, following the Green Analytical Chemistry guidelines, it is crucial to develop environmental-friendly analytical methods that do not trigger further damage towards the environment and humans [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0004"><span>4</span></a>].</p><p>Sample preparation has a strong impact on the environment, and many efforts have been made to reduce such an effect. In particular, in recent years the present Authors have focused attention toward a reduction of solvent use during analyte extraction, accompanied by the elimination of purification and final concentration steps [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0005"><span>[5]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0006"><span>[6]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0007"><span>[7]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0008"><span>[8]</span></a>]. In such a respect, an additional approach that can enable the avoidance of purification/concentration steps, along with a reduction of sample solution volumes injected (leading to a reduced need for instrumental maintenance), consists in "cryogenic solute trapping", proposed by Marriott and Kinghorn in 1996 [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0009"><span>9</span></a>]. The approach allowed for an increase in signal-to-noise ratio (<i>s/n</i>) values prior to detection, by using a cryogenic trap positioned at the end of the capillary column. Analyte release was enabled by thermal desorption from the GC oven heat. The same concept was applied in 2011 by Patterson et al. for the measurement of dioxins in human serum [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0010"><span>10</span></a>], and in 2016 by L'Homme and Focant for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in serum samples [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0011"><span>11</span></a>]. In both cases, a liquid nitrogen jet-cooled thermal modulator used for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) was exploited, and this approach was defined as "cryogenic-zone-compression" (CZC). It is noteworthy that, prior to the invention of GC×GC itself [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0012"><span>12</span></a>], Phillips and co-workers used thermal desorption modulation for the scope of analyte concentration and release [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0013"><span>13</span></a>].</p><p>The objective of the present study was to develop a CZC gas chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QMS) method for the determination of 16 PAHs in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). A total of 10 commercial EVOOs were subjected to investigation. The liquid-liquid extraction process involved the use of 500 µL of acetonitrile. The quali/semi-quantitative PAH determination was performed in the selected-ion-monitoring mode (SIM). The developed method, which can be considered as a rapid green or red light one, was characterized by sufficient analyte detectability in relation to regulated PAH concentration limits.</p><h3><strong>2. Materials and methods</strong></h3><h4><strong>2.2. CZC GC-QMS conditions</strong></h4><p>The CZC GC-QMS system was composed of a GC oven (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GC-2010"><strong>GC-2010</strong></a>, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), a single quadrupole mass spectrometer (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=QP2020"><strong>QP2020</strong></a>, Shimadzu). The GC-QMS system was equipped with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=AOC-20i+autosampler"><strong>AOC-20i autosampler</strong></a>, and a Zoex II (liquid nitrogen-free modulator) cryogenic modulator. The split/splitless injector (350 °C) contained an empty liner (volume: 860 μL). The injection volume was 3 μL, in the splitless mode, using the “high-pressure injection mode” function (400 kPa for 0.5 min).</p><p>The analytical column was an SLB-PAHms [silphenylene polymer, virtually equivalent in polarity to poly (50 % diphenyl/50 %methylsiloxane)] of dimensions 30 <i>m</i> × 0.25 mm I.D. × 0.10 μm <i>d<sub>f</sub></i> (Merck Life Science). The GC oven temperature was programmed as follows: 110 °C (0.5 min) to 200 °C at 30 °C min<sup>−1</sup>, increased to 350 °C at 5 °C min<sup>−1</sup> (for 10 min), with a total run time of 43.5 min.</p><p>To achieve the CZC approach, the end of the analytical column was looped once using the metal support of the cryogenic modulator (Figure S1). A “compression” period of 18 s was applied, with a hot pulse (400 °C) of 350 ms. The cold jet flow was 9 L min<sup>−1</sup> (−90 °C).</p><p>Helium was used as carrier gas; after the high-pressure injection step, the initial pressure was 136.6 kPa (constant linear velocity mode: 50 cm <i>s</i><sup>−1</sup>).</p><p>Electron ionization was performed at 70 eV. The interface and ion source temperatures were 350 and 280 °C, respectively. The target analyses were carried out in the SIM acquisition mode, with an acquisition frequency of 10 and 100 Hz for the conventional and CZC GC-QMS analysis, respectively. The GCMS Solution v.4.45 software (Shimadzu Corporation) was used for data collection and processing.</p><h3><strong>3. Results and discussion</strong></h3><h4><strong>3.1. Development of the CZC GC-QMS method</strong></h4><p>For the development of the CZC GC-QMS method, a cryogenic modulator (loop-type) designed for GC×GC was utilized. Unlike GC×GC, where continuous and sequential modulation is carried out [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0014"><span>14</span></a>], with CZC the aim is to entrap/compress each compound in a single cooling period and rapidly release it with a hot pulse. In such a manner, band broadening is practically nullified allowing for a great increase in <i>s/n</i> values (and reduction of detection limits).</p><p>Considering that the modulator used does not allow for programmed variation in the cold and hot jet flows during the analysis, the initial step of the research was focused on fine tuning of the cold jet flow (ranging from 5 to 16 L min<sup>−1</sup>) and on entrapment time duration; the temperature (ranging from 300 to 450 °C) and duration (ranging from 100 to 500 ms) of the hot jet were also finely optimized. This, to efficiently entrap and release each compound within a single cold-hot cycle. The efficient entrapment of the lowest boiling-point PAH (BcFL) was achieved using a cold jet flow of 9 L min<sup>−1</sup>. On the other hand, the release of the highest boiling-point PAH was performed by using a hot jet pulse of 350 ms and a temperature of 400 °C.</p><p>The duration of the compression period of 18 s was experimentally optimized, considering both the widest peak base width (10.2 s considering the partially co-eluting compounds IP and DBahA) and potential retention time shifts. The final outcome consisted of PAH peaks with a base width in the 120–420 ms range, with an average value of 217 ms. Instead, without using CZC, the peak base widths were in the 4.8–8.4 s range, with an average value of 6.5 s (without considering the sum of IP and DBahA). Therefore, considering the average values for both the approaches, a compression factor of about 30 times was obtained.</p><p>The use of the SIM mode (used in all stages of this research) enabled both an enhancement of analyte detectability and the use of an acquisition frequency (100 Hz) sufficient to generate an adequate number of data points (a minimum of 12 were attained) for reliable quantification. It should be noted that for isobaric compounds, the SIM mode may introduce errors in quantification if the components of interest are not baseline resolved. For this reason, considering the partial co-elution between IP and DBahA, the two compounds were trapped together, released in a single pulse, and then quantified as a sum. However, the current EU legislation does not report a specific ML, for such compounds, therefore not affecting the validity of the proposed method [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#bib0003"><span>3</span></a>].</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#fig0001"><span>Fig. 1</span></a> reports the chromatograms obtained by using the CZC GC-QMS approach (lower signals) in comparison with the one acquired without CZC (upper signals), analyzing a blank EVOO sample spiked at the 10 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> concentration level. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#fig0002"><span>Fig. 2</span></a> reports four zoomed-in segments of the two chromatograms shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324006228#fig0001"><span>Fig. 1</span></a>, involving BaA, CPP, CHR and the IS, along with BaP. The CZC GC-QMS and GC-QMS chromatogram segments are characterized by a different y-axis maximum intensity, to enable an easier visual comparison between the two methods.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Journal_of_Chromatography_A_Volume_1732_2024_465248_Fig_1_Comparison_of_the_two_investigated_approaches_conventional_GC_QMS_690b2db12a.jpg" alt="Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 1732, 2024, 465248: Fig. 1. Comparison of the two investigated approaches-conventional GC-QMS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Journal_of_Chromatography_A_Volume_1732_2024_465248_Fig_1_Comparison_of_the_two_investigated_approaches_conventional_GC_QMS_690b2db12a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="791"></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Journal_of_Chromatography_A_Volume_1732_2024_465248_Fig_2_Conventional_GC_QMS_and_CZC_GC_QMS_zoomed_in_segments_from_Fig_1_abbreviations_are_defined_in_Section_2_4c118b4318.jpg" alt="Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 1732, 2024, 465248: Fig. 2. Conventional GC-QMS and CZC GC-QMS zoomed-in segments from Fig. 1 (abbreviations are defined in Section 2)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Journal_of_Chromatography_A_Volume_1732_2024_465248_Fig_2_Conventional_GC_QMS_and_CZC_GC_QMS_zoomed_in_segments_from_Fig_1_abbreviations_are_defined_in_Section_2_4c118b4318.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="743"></p><h3><strong>4. Conclusions</strong></h3><p>The CZC-GC-QMS method herein proposed has a demonstrated effectiveness for the determination of PAH contamination in EVOO, enabling a notable reduction in the sample preparation process and solvent usage. An analyte detectability comparison between conventional GC-QMS and CZC-GC-QMS revealed the superior performance of the latter approach. Notwithstanding the high number of analysis carried, no degradation of the column and MS performances were observed. In future studies, the CZC-GC-QMS approach will be exploited to target analyze various other types of food and biological samples.</p>

Cryogenic-zone-compression gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in extra virgin olive oil

Ion exchange chromatography of biotherapeutics: Fundamental principles and advanced approaches

<p><strong>The goal of this review is to critically assess the current and emerging capabilities of capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS) in biospeciation analysis. It focuses particularly on applications involving metal-based drugs and nanoparticles, where CE-ICP-MS offers simultaneous detection of chemical species in complex biological samples.</strong></p><p>The review explores advantageous separation and detection strategies, highlights recent real-world applications, and discusses trends such as the growing use of tandem and single-particle ICP-MS. It also considers the potential for CE-ICP-MS to evolve into a robust, versatile method suitable for routine use in biospeciation research.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503"><strong>Recent development of CE-ICP-MS in biospeciation research and analysis: From anticancer drugs to nanoparticles and beyond</strong></a></h4><p>Magdalena Matczuk, Lena Ruzik, Andrei R. Timerbaev&nbsp;</p><p>TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 180, November 2024, 117967</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117967">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117967</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><p>The value of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in combination with ICP-MS as a powerful tool of speciation analysis was unlocked soon after its practical implementation in the late 1990s [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib1"><span>1</span></a>,<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib2"><span>2</span></a>]. However, only following the commercialization of interface systems, was this hyphenated method recognized as practical for species-selective measurements in real-world biological samples [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib3"><span>3</span></a>]. Over the next decade, advances in ICP-MS used as a detector for CE ensured reliable speciation information from various biological materials, particularly in cases where extremely high sensitivity is not the issue [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib4"><span>4</span></a>]. A representative example of biospeciation challenges tackled by CE-ICP-MS is specific distributions of metal species produced by metal-based therapeutic drugs or diagnostic agents undergoing transformations in the body [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib5"><span>5</span></a>,<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib6"><span>6</span></a>]. There are several advantages of CE-ICP-MS in this and the other research domains commonly referred to in comparison with HPLC-ICP-MS as a premier technique in the field [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib7"><span>[7]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib8"><span>[8]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib9"><span>[9]</span></a>]. They include (i) separation conditions both species-friendly, compatible with the physiological environment of analytes, and match well the ICP operation; (ii) good tolerance to biological matrices, typically requiring no pretreatment other than simple dilution; (iii) greater resolving power, in particular, regarding differently charged species; (iv) superior possibilities for analyzing microsamples; (v) simplicity in separation hardware (including its easy renewal), etc. Such benefits blended with a highly intensive, element-specific, and interference-free response of ICP-MS make the method tailor-made to elucidate the essentiality, toxicity, biological fate, and functions of trace elements and their compounds. It should not go without mentioning that apart from HPLC and CE, other separation techniques, such as gel electrophoresis or field-flow fractionation, find application in biospeciation research and analysis due to hyphenation with ICP-MS. However, in this field-specific review, we prefer to avoid ‘apples-and-oranges' comparisons but refer the interested reader to relevant review work [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib10"><span>[10]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib11"><span>[11]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib12"><span>[12]</span></a>].</p><div><p>The movement of CE-ICP-MS forward with solving practical speciation problems continued over the second decade of the 21st century. The progress accentuates the necessity to summarize and critically discuss the recently accumulated data. Such a review also appears timely because, since the last comprehensive coverage back in 2013 [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib4"><span>4</span></a>], there have been only a few literature examinations on CE-ICP-MS, in which speciation studies received a share of attention [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib13"><span>[13]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib14"><span>[14]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib15"><span>[15]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib16"><span>[16]</span></a>], the most recent being published in 2021. Therefore, our primary goal here is to provide coverage of the latest literature for the period between 2019 and early 2024, with due account of examples indicating the speciation scope of CE-ICP-MS procedures, appropriate handling of any technical issues and limitations, and adequate method performance characteristics and acceptance limits. In addition, several earlier reports are brought into focus, proving the most advanced experimental approaches for speciation studies performed in highly controlled biological environments. Separation strategies and instrumental ICP-MS amendments required to meet best element-speciation practice will also be given special consideration. On the other hand, the technical setup and methodological requirements of CE-ICP-MS are not addressed here, as these issues were detailed in our previous review [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib4"><span>4</span></a>]. For the benefit of those who are not experts in the field, we deem it supportive to include a scheme showing the workflow of CE-ICP MS presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#fig1"><span>Fig. 1</span></a>. To highlight recent achievements and trends in this still expanding area, the CE-ICP-MS-based speciation assays are assembled and conferred below in different analyte categories, viz., metal-based drugs, metal-based nanomaterials, and metal ions playing various roles in human health.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Tr_AC_Trends_in_Analytical_Chemistry_Volume_180_2024_117967_Fig_1_Common_scheme_of_CE_ICP_MS_hyphenation_workflow_with_the_detailed_construction_of_the_cross_connection_ef7d117648.jpg" alt="TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 180, 2024, 117967: Fig. 1. Common scheme of CE-ICP-MS hyphenation workflow, with the detailed construction of the cross-connection." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Tr_AC_Trends_in_Analytical_Chemistry_Volume_180_2024_117967_Fig_1_Common_scheme_of_CE_ICP_MS_hyphenation_workflow_with_the_detailed_construction_of_the_cross_connection_ef7d117648.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="758"></p><h3><strong>3. Speciation of metal nanoparticles</strong></h3><p>As ‘a new trick for the old dog', the most rapidly emerging application area of CE-ICP-MS is nanomedicine, one of whose pillars, metal-based nanoparticles, have received a great deal of attention from analytical chemists [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib40"><span>[40]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib41"><span>[41]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib42"><span>[42]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib43"><span>[43]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib44"><span>[44]</span></a>]. Whatever their intended biomedical application, i.e., disease prevention, diagnosis, therapies, etc., nanomaterials need to be well characterized regarding chemical transformations in the body to ensure their therapeutic efficacy and biosafety. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#tbl1"><span>Table 1</span></a> summarizes information on various nano–bio species originating from different (mostly metallic) nanoparticles in a biological fluid environment, together with separation and detection conditions, as well as some analytical figures of merit (where available). Note that no consideration is given here to the physicochemical characterization of nanoparticles, regarding the average size, size distribution, elemental composition, etc., or to their one-sort-but-different-size separations [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib55"><span>55</span></a>]. (Only single-size particles are supposed to be subject to administration.) Likewise, we do not consider the studies in which CE-ICP-MS is used for the quality assessment of newly synthesized nanoparticles [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib56"><span>56</span></a>,<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib57"><span>57</span></a>].</p><h3><strong>4. Speciation of metals, metalloids and non-metals</strong></h3><p>Element speciation analysis can be read as an ‘old trick' of CE-ICP-MS [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib69"><span>69</span></a>]. While remaining the next best choice after HPLC-ICP-MS, a benchmark technique for the field [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib70"><span>[70]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib71"><span>[71]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib72"><span>[72]</span></a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib73"><span>[73]</span></a>], the current CE-ICP-MS methodology mitigates the procedural problems encountered in speciation measurements of low-molecular-weight species from various materials of biotic origin (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#tbl2"><span>Table 2</span></a>). It should be noted that the analytes shown in the table are those amenable to quantification. Others may have been attempted but fell below the limit of quantification of the developed procedure (or their determination was beyond the proposed task).</p><p>Several appealing contributions dealing with the speciation of transition metals came from Prof. Michalke's laboratory. The redox forms of iron were reliably quantified in the clinical samples of cerebrospinal liquid after the method's careful optimization and validation [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib77"><span>77</span></a>,<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib78"><span>78</span></a>]. Used for this purpose were neuroblastoma cell lysates run with an acidic capillary electrolyte, following combined sample conductivity/pH-stacking, and recorded with ICP-MS, operating in the dynamic reaction cell mode (to alleviate a<sup>56</sup>ArO&nbsp;<sup>+</sup>&nbsp;spectral interference). The accuracy was verified by independent measurements with the validated HPLC-ICP-MS method. However, when turning to high-salt cerebrospinal liquid, the shift in migration times made mandatory standard additions to identify the iron species (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#fig5"><span>Fig. 5</span></a>). iron along with another redox active metal, manganese, and possibly neurotoxic zinc, were chosen for chronic and acute treatment of a model organism (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>) to study the cellular response to imbalanced metal homeostasis linked to neurodegenerative diseases [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib80"><span>80</span></a>]. Using a similar CE-ICP-MS system, the signals of inorganic metal species were differentiated, and the in vivo alterations in the metallome were monitored. In contrast to iron, most of the zinc and manganese in the metal-treated worms were found loosely bound. The CE-ICP-MS method was also shown feasible to quantify the low doses of Cu, Mn, and Zn glycinates supplemented with animal feed (a mixture of corn flour and soybean meal) and to measure the interconversion between complexes and free metal ions [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993624004503#bib74"><span>74</span></a>].</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Tr_AC_Trends_in_Analytical_Chemistry_Volume_180_2024_117967_Fig_5_Iron_speciation_in_a_cerebrospinal_liquid_sample_blue_line_be6706af25.jpg" alt="TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 180, 2024, 117967: Fig. 5. Iron speciation in a cerebrospinal liquid sample (blue line). Standard additions: Fe(II) (red line) or Fe(III) (brown line). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [77]. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Tr_AC_Trends_in_Analytical_Chemistry_Volume_180_2024_117967_Fig_5_Iron_speciation_in_a_cerebrospinal_liquid_sample_blue_line_be6706af25.jpg 151w," sizes="100vw" width="968" height="1000"></p><h3><strong>5. Conclusions</strong></h3><p>The CE's ‘love affair' with ICP-MS is long and storied, and the use of CE-ICP-MS in biospeciation research keeps its pace. However, as is true for every mature analytical technique, the method's progress largely depends on how significant the application base is. The past few years have witnessed a growth in the importance of the speciation of nanoparticles that are combined with metal-based drugs in some biomedical applications. From our examination of recent literature, the reader will gain an appreciation that this area tends to become a ‘killer' application of CE-ICP-MS, capturing the attention of a growing number of method practitioners – and this is one of the main messages of this review.</p><p>In the authors' opinion, there is not much room to optimize CE-ICP-MS instrumentation further, including the interface systems. Therefore, to bridge the present gaps in understanding the biological fate and effects of metal species or to define the biomedical potential of a particular nanomaterial, we should rather rely on refining the existing approaches than on promoting instrumental developments. Basic validation and quality assurance mechanisms can quickly meet good element-speciation practices, especially due to a lack of certified reference materials. These would make reliable and robust speciation CE-ICP-MS assays viable if executed commonly. Another limitation arises from more challenging biochemical tasks to resolve using the speciation data acquired, such as getting insight into the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, it is essential to emphasize that the major research endeavors stem from the groups of analytical chemists working in academic laboratories, who are not obligatory biological or medicinal chemistry experts. Therefore, if the proposed end-users, possessing such expertise, were to become more involved, then the results of the speciation measurements could be understood and appropriately implemented. The bottom line is that this review will help not only cover the current literature in the field but also inspire future research and development efforts.</p></div>

Recent development of CE-ICP-MS in biospeciation research and analysis: From anticancer drugs to nanoparticles and beyond

<p><strong>In the week of April 21, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></p><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. SIELC Technologies: Fundamentals of Chromatography – Principles &amp; Techniques</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 24, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5061">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join us for a webinar where we will discuss an overview of chromatography types and key concepts such as retention, selectivity, efficiency, and resolution.</p><h5><strong>2. Agilent Technologies: Embracing ICH Q14 Guidelines for Analytical Procedures</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 24, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4874">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This presentation will cover the latest regulations in analytical development, focusing on ICHQ14, with an overview of new standards and guidelines professionals will need to follow.</p><h5><strong>3. Evosep Biosystems: Advancing IMMUNOPEPTIDOMICS with Sensitivity, Robustness and High-Throughput</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 24, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4804">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, we explore how Evosep One is transforming immunopeptidomics by enabling faster, more reproducible, and high-throughput workflows.</p><h5><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Empower Tips: Ask Me Anything About Using CDS Data Analytics to Address Data Integrity Challenges</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 24, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4898">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, our resident Empower Software expert Neil Lander is joined by guest Donald Preiss, who will provide insights into how the team at MannKind have overcome their data integrity challenges.</p><h5><strong>5. SelectScience/LGC - Dr. Ehrenstorfer: PFAS reference material optimization to meet EPA regulatory compliance</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 24, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4897">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join Dr. Dan Biggerstaff and Dr. Kelly Cheshire (LGC Standards) as they discuss the research exploring the parameters that impact data integrity with the analytes in EPA Method 1633, UCMR 5, and EU DWD.</p><h5><strong>6. Waters Corporation: Practical Insights for Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS), Zeta Potential, and Size Analysis</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 23, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4801">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar introduces the fundamentals of Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS), focusing on measuring charge properties and particle stability.</p><h5><strong>7. SelectScience/Thermo Fisher Scientific: Revolutionize lab operations using the power of seamless connectivity</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 23, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5025">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this webinar and explore how interconnectivity can transform your lab’s processes and advance your research.</p><h5><strong>8. SelectScience/Waters Corporation/Sapio Sciences: Unleash innovation with Thermo Scientific Momentum Workflow Automation Suite: From discovery to regulatory success</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 23, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5019">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join Thermo Fisher Scientific lab automation experts and leading industry partners for an exclusive webinar exploring the transformative power of the Thermo Scientific™ Momentum™ Workflow Automation suite.</p><h5><strong>9. Phenomenex: Symbiosis of Core-Shell and Fully Porous Particles</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 22, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5018">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, you will learn how best to utilize modern UHPLC particles to optimize chromatographic performance.</p><h5><strong>10. Phenomenex: Mastering IP-RPLC-MS for high-throughput &amp; high-resolution oligonucleotide impurity profiling</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 22, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5068">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar will delve into actionable insights into optimizing impurity profiling workflows.</p><h5><strong>11. Waters Corporation: Extraction and Analysis of a Comprehensive Quantitative Drug Panel in Hair Samples by UPLC-MS/MS for Forensic Toxicology</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 22, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4896">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Understand the challenges with detecting and quantifying multiple classes of drugs in hair samples and learn how to develop a comprehensive multi-panel drug method that meets SoHT's criteria.</p><h5><strong>12. Shimadzu Corporation: Living Laboratory Unleashed: Your Gateway To Complete DX Capabilities</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 22, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5016">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join us today and experience seamless connectivity, AI-powered capabilities, and paperless workflows—all designed to simplify and optimize various aspects of your lab operations.</p>

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 17/2025

<p><strong>In the week from April 21, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></p><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Mineral Identification and Phase Mapping of Geologic Samples Using Agilent 8700 Laser Direct Infrared Chemical Imaging System</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 24, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4924">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join our webinar and learn about the Agilent 8700 Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) chemical imaging system, which enables the rapid collection of hyperspectral data in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) fingerprint region.</p><h5><strong>2. Agilent Technologies: Embracing ICH Q14 Guidelines for Analytical Procedures</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 24, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4874">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This presentation will cover the latest regulations in analytical development, focusing on ICHQ14, with an overview of new standards and guidelines professionals will need to follow.</p><h5><strong>3. Waters Corporation: Empower Tips: Ask Me Anything About Using CDS Data Analytics to Address Data Integrity Challenges</strong></h5><ul><li>Thursday, April 24, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4898">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, our resident Empower Software expert Neil Lander is joined by guest Donald Preiss, who will provide insights into how the team at MannKind have overcome their data integrity challenges.</p><h5><strong>4. Agilent Technologies: Decoding Detectors: Advanced Insights into Gas Chromatography Detectors, Column Installation, Optimization and Troubleshooting</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 23, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4516">Registration</a></li></ul><p>We will cover the various types of detectors, including FID, TCD, ECD, and MS detectors, discussing their strengths and applications.</p><h5><strong>5. SelectScience/Thermo Fisher Scientific: Unleash innovation with Thermo Scientific Momentum Workflow Automation Suite: From discovery to regulatory success</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 23, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5019">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join Thermo Fisher Scientific lab automation experts and leading industry partners for an exclusive webinar exploring the transformative power of the Thermo Scientific™ Momentum™ Workflow Automation suite.</p><h5><strong>6. LECO: Using GCxGC and Data Analysis Tools for Aroma, Flavor, and Fragrance Samples</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 23, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4945">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar will discuss some of the key characteristics of each software tool (ChromaTOF, ChromaTOF Tile, and ChromaTOF Sync 2D).</p><h5><strong>7. Agilent Technologies: Fumigant Residues in Food: Addressing the Growing Problem</strong></h5><ul><li>Wednesday, April 23, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5020">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, experts will discuss why fumigants testing matters, how it is done, and what labs can do to stay ready.</p><h5><strong>8. Agilent Technologies: Optimize Deconvolution Parameters to Reduce False Negatives</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 22, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4961">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this webinar and learn how to demystify the user definable parameters in the MassHunter Data Analysis software.</p><h5><strong>9. Shimadzu Corporation: Living Laboratory Unleashed: Your Gateway To Complete DX Capabilities</strong></h5><ul><li>Tuesday, April 22, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5016">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join us today and experience seamless connectivity, AI-powered capabilities, and paperless workflows—all designed to simplify and optimize various aspects of your lab operations.</p><h5><strong>10. PerkinElmer: From Lab to Light: Characterizing Advanced Materials for Solar Breakthroughs</strong></h5><ul><li>Monday, April 21, 2025</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5090">Registration</a></li></ul><p>PerkinElmer explores how advanced materials and analytical tech are driving innovation in renewable energy. Learn how solar and other markets benefit from these breakthroughs.</p>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 17/2025

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Expanding the Evidence: New Data for More Reliable PFAS Analysis