Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 26th May 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu and presentation by University of Alberta / MDCW!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Phthalates Using the Agilent 5977C GC/MSD with Hydrogen Carrier Gas&nbsp;</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_phthalates_8890gc_5994_8354en_agilent_303b4b3071.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Plastics are ubiquitous in the modern world and are used in thousands of applications. To tailor mechanical characteristics of plastics, such as flexibility, transparency, and durability for specific uses, esters of phthalic acid are often added to their formulation. These compounds are not covalently bound to the plastics in which they are mixed, and thus, are easily released into the environment. They are present in a wide range of products including wire insulation, children’s toys, packaging, medical devices, pens, and tubing. Many countries now regulate phthalate content in many products. The analytical requirements for phthalate analysis vary depending on the region and products being tested, but GC/MS is usually the preferred measurement technique.&nbsp;The use of both hydrogen and helium as carrier gas in GC/MS analyses has been demonstrated in previous literature. For example, seven phthalates in polymer materials were successfully analyzed with GC/MS using helium carrier gas and calibrated from 50 to 1,000 ng/mL.1 The calibration performance for 17 phthalates over the range of 10 to 1,000 ng/mL and for two isomeric mixtures (DINP and DIDP) over the range of 125 to 10,000 ng/mL using helium carrier gas and Agilent JetClean self-cleaning ion source has been detailed.2 The use of hydrogen carrier gas, the Agilent HydroInert source, and backflushing for analyzing 10 phthalates in electrical cable samples over a calibration range 200 to 5,000 ng/mL has been achieved.3 Since many laboratories are considering converting from helium to hydrogen carrier gas for GC/MS analyses, it is useful to evaluate the performance of phthalates with hydrogen carrier gas down to low levels (&lt; 10 ng/mL).&nbsp;This application note focuses on GC/MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode using hydrogen as the GC carrier gas. While helium is generally considered the best carrier gas for GC/MS analysis, its cost and reoccurring shortages have increased demand for applications using hydrogen. When adopting hydrogen for GC/MS analysis, there are several things to consider.<h5>Method Parameters</h5><ul><li>GC: Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890+GC">8890 GC</a> with Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7693a">7693A automatic liquid sampler and tray</a></li><li>Inlet: Multimode inlet (MMI)</li><li>Mode: Pulsed splitless</li><li>Injection Pulse Pressure: 25 psi until 0.90 min</li><li>Purge Flow to Split Vent: 50 mL/min at 1.0 min</li><li>Injection Volume: 1.0 µL</li><li>Syringe: 10 µL, PTFE tip plunger, dual taper needle (G4513‑80203)</li></ul><h4>Results and discussion</h4><h5>Interferences and contamination&nbsp;</h5>The sensitivity of the GC/MS method employed here is sufficient to see the 17 individual phthalates at low pg levels (ng/mL). However, interferences and contamination initially limited calibration at the lowest concentrations. The interferences were identified as silicone peaks, and the contamination resulted from low levels of common phthalates found in the consumables and glassware used.&nbsp;Figure 4 shows an example of the problems encountered when first running isooctane solvent blanks.&nbsp;The blue trace that ends at 4.3 minutes is the SIM quantifier ion for DMP. Although there are a few peaks present in the blank, they are resolved from DMP and do not interfere.&nbsp;In the black SIM m/z 149 trace, multiple problems are evident. Significant responses for 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) are present, as are smaller ones for DEHP and DPHP. In addition, a series of peaks identified using scan data as siloxanes (labeled Si) are also observed. The DPHP peak is small and is obscured by the broadened siloxane ghost peak from a previous injection.&nbsp;Aliquots of approximately 75 µL of each calibration standard or blank isooctane were placed in autosampler vials with a 400 µL silanized flat bottom glass insert (part number 5183-2086). It was found that a significant portion of the phthalate contaminants in blanks was removed by baking the vials, vial inserts, vial septa, and the disposable Pasteur pipettes (used for aliquoting) overnight at 130 °C in a glassware oven.However, the interfering siloxanes were still evident. The vial septa initially used were of the common sandwich type consisting of 1 mm of silicone rubber with a layer of PTFE on the bottom side facing the sample liquid (part number 5185-5820). It was determined that each time the autosampler syringe needle pierced the septum, a microscopic particle of silicone rubber was deposited into the sample. The solvent then leached the siloxanes from the&nbsp;particles.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The Agilent 5977C GC/MSD and 8890 GC, when used with the method described in this application note, provide excellent peak shape, resolution, and sensitivity. The combination of hydrogen carrier and the Agilent J&amp;W HP-5ms 180&nbsp;µm diameter column allowed for reduced analysis times relative to helium. Calibration curves were linear for 14 of the phthalates from 1 to 1,000 pg. DMEP and DBEP required quadratic curve fits, and DMEP and DEHP were calibrated from 2.5 to 1,000 pg. DINP and DIDP were calibrated from 50 to 20,000 pg with a linear fit. Specific attention to the consumables used and their preparation before use is important for reaching the lowest calibration levels.<h3>2. University of Alberta / MDCW: Investigating Impacts of Cannabis Tobacco and Vapes on Lung Cells Using GC×GC-MS&nbsp;</h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/OL_22_MDCW_JJH_new_b6a1ff2f18.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Background and MotivationSmoking is a leading cause of severe diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer. As traditional cigarette use declines, vaping and cannabis consumption are on the rise, yet their long-term health effects remain poorly understood. This study aims to fill that gap by evaluating how these exposures affect lung cell metabolism, using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1-24&amp;search=GCxGC-TOFMS">GC×GC-MS</a>).Experimental ApproachResearchers developed a custom smoking machine with controlled temperature and airflow to expose lung cell cultures (ePNECs and HBECs) to smoke from cigarettes, cannabis, and vapes. Two main experiments were conducted: one varied incubation times (2h vs. 6h), and the other compared healthy vs. asthmatic cell responses. Sample preparation involved extraction, derivatization, and incubation before GC×GC-MS analysis.Key Findings<ul><li>Time-based metabolic changes: After 2 hours, changes in mRNA expression were evident, while protein changes appeared at 6 hours.</li><li>Cigarette-specific compounds: Compounds such as nicotine, monoacetin, propylene glycol, and putrescine were uniquely abundant in cigarette-exposed samples, especially in ePNEC cells.</li><li>Exciting biomarker pathways: Metabolites like L-phenylalanine and tyrosine—linked to neurotransmitter synthesis (dopamine, norepinephrine, etc.)—were notably altered, suggesting impacts on neurological or endocrine functions.</li><li>Cell type and health condition matters: Metabolic response patterns were more influenced by cell type than by exposure type. Asthmatic and healthy cells responded differently to smoke and vapor.</li></ul>Methodological Refinements and ChallengesTo improve exposure consistency, researchers engineered a 3D-printed plate enclosure to address concerns over smoke gradients and potential contamination from plate surfaces. This innovation aims to enhance experimental control in future studies.Conclusion and Next StepsThe GC×GC-MS approach successfully revealed significant metabolic shifts in lung cells following exposure to smoking and vaping products. With improved methodology, this line of research holds promise for deeper investigations into the health risks of emerging inhaled products.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Analysis of THC Metabolites in Urine by GC/MS-Scan</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00866_en_3480583b4b.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>User Benefits:<ul><li>GC/MS-scan analysis can obtain mass spectral data, which improves the reliability of drug testing.</li><li>GC/MS-scan offers quantitative accuracy at ppb concentration levels sufficient for confirmation testing of initial screening results.</li></ul>Cannabis contains over 100 different cannabinoids. The main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), affectsthe central nervoussystem causing symptoms such as hallucinations, pain relief, and sedation. Conversely, cannabidiol (CBD) has no hallucinatory effects, is not regulated in many countries, and is starting to be used in a variety of applications, including seizure medication, cosmetics, and supplements. Restrictions on cannabis are undergoing continuous reforms with some countries tightening restrictions and others relaxing them. In Japan, restrictions on cannabis for medical use are being relaxed, while laws were recently amended to tighten regulations on cannabis use and a portion of these laws went into effect in December 2024. Cannabis for recreational use is still prohibited in more than half of the countries in the world.&nbsp;The main restricted component of cannabis is Δ9-THC, which is metabolized in the body and principally excreted in urine and feces as the metabolites Δ9-OH-THC, Δ9-THC-COOH, and their glucuronide conjugates. 1) Based on this, urine must be analyzed for these metabolites to prove cannabis use. Although LCMS/MS offers the advantage of relatively simple sample pretreatment and is the prevailing technique used to test for cannabis metabolites in urine, GC-MS methods can record the full mass spectrum, which can be used to confirm the initial screeningresults.&nbsp;This Application News describes the analysis of cannabis metabolites in urine using a GC/MS-scan method. GC/MS-scan analysis can identify cannabis metabolites at sub-ppb levels in urine. GC/MS-scan analysis also produces highly repeatable and consistent quantitative data with low intra-day variability.<h5>Analytical Conditions&nbsp;</h5>Analytical conditions are shown in Table 1. This Application News used <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-TQ8040+NX">GCMS-TQ8040 NX</a>, but <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2020+NX">GCMS-QP2020 NX</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2050">GCMS-QP2050</a> can also be used forthe same analysis.<h4>Results</h4>Representative chromatographic separation pattern was obtained by analyzing a spiked urine sample (100 ng/mL) to obtain the total ion current chromatogram (TICC) and mass chromatograms as shown in Fig. 2. Although the target compounds and the internal standards are in close proximity on the chromatogram,they can be readily separated by mass.&nbsp;Sensitive Enough for Mass Spectrum-Based Confirmation Fig. 3 shows the mass spectra and mass chromatograms for each target compound in urine samples spiked at 15 ng/mL. The S/N of all mass chromatograms was 68.2 or higher, demonstrating sufficient sensitivity for all target compounds. Fig. 3 compares the mass spectra obtained from a urine sample containing target compounds at 15 ng/mL with mass spectra obtained from standard solutions at 100 ng/mL. Although overlap between internal standards and sample impurities prevents mass spectrum subtraction from being used with some compounds, in this analysis, ion ratios were determined for ions characteristic to every target compound and spectrumbased cross-referencingwas possible.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This Application News confirms that GC/MS-scan analysis can be used for mass spectrum-based confirmation and offers quantitative accuracy sufficient to measure target compounds in urine at ppb concentration levels. Although the quantitative sensitivity of GC/MS-scan analysis is inferior to that of LC-MS/MS or GC-MS/MS methods, GC/MS-scan analysis records a full mass spectrum that can be cross-referenced to confirm initial screeningresults.

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 22, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 22, 2025

Comparative study of different commercial enzymes on release of glycosylated volatile compounds in white grapes using SPE/GC–MS

Metabolomics of Withania somnifera L. extracts by an integrated LC-MS and NMR approach and evaluation of their tyrosinase inhibitory activity

Optimized Pretreatment for Accurate Determination of Elemental Composition of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) Using ICP-OES and ICP-MS: A Comprehensive Study

In the week of June 2, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Restek Corporation: Why Biphenyl should be the go-to for clinical and toxicological analysis</h5><ul><li>Tuesday, June 3, 2025, 14:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5203">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar discusses why Biphenyl type LC columns are ideally suited for clinical and toxicological workflows due to their unique selectivity and performance.<h5>2. Waters Corporation: Exploring Chitosan: Insights, Applications, and Comprehensive Characterization Using Light Scattering</h5><ul><li>Tuesday, June 3, 2025, 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4901">Registration</a></li></ul>Explore the structural complexity and applications of chitosan, and discover how light scattering techniques offer detailed characterization insights.<h5>3. Waters Corporation: Characterization of Branched Polymers by Multi-Angle Light Scattering and Related Techniques</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 5, 2025, 10:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5031">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn the principles and practicalities of polymer branching analysis using MALS and dilute solution viscometry.<h5>4. Altium International/Agilent Technologies: Efficient purification with Agilent Preparative Liquid Chromatography</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 5, 2025, 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5217">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar covers strategies for preparative HPLC, including system selection, optimization for yield and purity, and scaling techniques.<h5>5. SIELC Technologies: Practical Method Development in Mixed-Mode Chromatography</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 5, 2025, 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5064">Registration</a></li></ul>Gain practical insights into developing robust methods in mixed-mode chromatography by selecting the right stationary/mobile phases and overcoming common challenges.

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 23/2025

In the 2 weeks from June 2, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Phenomenex: GC Troubleshooting Quick Guide: Quick Fixes for Common Problems</h5><ul><li>Wednesday, June 4, 2025, 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5179">Registration</a></li></ul>Join expert Zachary Woodward for a hands-on guide to troubleshooting gas chromatography. Learn to spot symptoms, locate issues, and apply maintenance for fast, effective fixes.<h5>2. Separation Science/Markes International: Expanding the Sample Extraction Toolkit for Food Analysis by GC-MS</h5><ul><li>Wednesday, June 4, 2025, 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5119">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover a versatile platform for overcoming challenges in food analysis beyond conventional limits.<h5>3. Agilent Technologies: Let's Talk About IR Microscopy</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 5, 2025, 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/2272">Registration</a></li></ul>The basics of IR microscopy will be discussed with an emphasis on the newest technologies.<h5>4. Separation Science: Choosing the Correct Ionisation Technique for Successful Mass Spectrometry Experiments &nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Wednesday, 11.6.2025 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5180">Registration</a></li></ul>Join this expert-led presentation and Q&amp;A to learn how to select the most suitable ionisation technique for your analyte and application, ensuring accurate, reliable MS results.

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 23-24/2025

In the week from June 2, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. AZoM/Thermo Fisher Scientific: Hybrid Chemical Mechanical In-Melt Separation of PE/PET Blends: A First Step Towards Recycling at Scale of Mixed Plastic Waste</h5><ul><li>Tuesday, June 3, 2025, 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5172">Registration</a></li></ul>Prof. João Maia presents a novel hybrid chemical-mechanical method using reactive extrusion for multilayer plastic recycling, achieving up to 90% phase separation in pilot studies.<h5>2. Agilent Technologies: Toxic Elements in Food Spices: A Critical Analysis Using ICP-MS and ICP-OES Techniques</h5><ul><li>Tuesday, June 3, 2025, 21:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4911">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar presents a study evaluating toxic elements in cinnamon, onion, chive, and pepper using ICP-OES and ICP-MS, highlighting safety concerns in spice consumption.<h5>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Superior Aluminium Analysis with the ARL X900 Spectrometer</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 5, 2025, 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/4932">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how the ARL X900 spectrometer enhances aluminium analysis with high sensitivity and precision, supporting quality control and process efficiency.<h5>4. Agilent Technologies: Let's Talk About IR Microscopy</h5><ul><li>Thursday, June 5, 2025, 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/2272">Registration</a></li></ul>An introduction to IR microscopy focusing on fundamental principles and the latest technological advancements.

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 23/2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 2nd June 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies and Shimadzu, presentation by Certech / MDCW and poster by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Fully Automated Workflow for Volatile PFAS Analysis in Food Contact Materials Using GC-Triple Quadrupole MS</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_volatile_pfas_gc_tq_5994_8295en_agilent_56f5e22152.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>"Forever Chemicals" is a term used to describe PFAS due to their slow chemical breakdown and persistence in the environment. Because of their excellent waterproof, nonstick, and stain-resistant properties, PFAS are widely used in various industries and consumer applications. Materials containing PFAS have been used in food packaging and FCMs since the mid-20th century.1,2 Scientific studies have shown that PFAS are prone to migrating into food through various pathways, potentially leading to public health issues.2,3 Consequently, new guidelines and regulations have been established to ensure the quality and safety of the materials used in the food&nbsp;industry.&nbsp;In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has phased out the use of certain PFAS as grease-proofing agents in paper and paperboard packaging, including perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH).4 In addition, the European Union (EU) is working on a comprehensive restriction of PFAS under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), which aims to limit the use of PFAS in various applications including food packaging and FCMs.5 Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden have also jointly proposed that the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) enact a broad ban on PFAS in the EU market (REACH Appendix XV).6 It is expected that more regulations and voluntary initiatives will be implemented to address and control PFAS contamination in food packaging and contact materials.&nbsp;Therefore, establishing a sensitive and accurate quantitative analytical approach for PFAS analysis is crucial to ensure the safety of materials used in food industry. Technologies such as liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) paired with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQ) are often used to analyze different PFAS groups based on their properties.3 Volatile compounds such as FTOHs and fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs) are particularly suitable for GC/TQ analysis due to their high vapor pressure. Manual sample preparation for PFAS in food packaging or FCMs involves processes such as leaching, cleanup and evaporation that are labor-intensive, costly, and reduce lab productivity.7 This application note presents a robust and fully automated method that uses the PAL3 Series 2 RTC autosampler coupled with an Agilent 7010D GC/TQ to quantify more than 30 volatile PFAS analytes in paper coffee cups, an FCM. The performance of the automated workflow was evaluated in terms of calibration linearity, MDLs, QC recovery, and method&nbsp;precision.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>Instrumentation</h5>Figure 1 shows the integrated <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=PAL3+autosampler">PAL3 Series 2 RTC autosampler </a>coupled with an Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7010D+GC%2FTQ">7010D GC/TQ</a> in the setup used to apply the fully automated PFAS quantitation workflow to paper coffee cup matrix. A 120 cm PAL3 Series 2 RTC autosampler was used as an automated liquid handling platform for calibration standards preparation, sample extraction, and injections onto the GC/TQ system. Equipped with various tools and modules, the PAL3 Series 2 RTC autosampler provided the necessary capabilities for its designated functions.For the analysis of PFAS, a 7010D GC/TQ with a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=HES+2.0+ion+source">HES 2.0 ion source</a> was coupled to an Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890+GC">8890 GC</a> system equipped with an MMI inlet and splitless liner (part&nbsp;number&nbsp;5190-2293). SWARM autotune was performed to obtain the optimal instrument settings. The entire system was managed by Agilent MassHunter Acquisition 13.0 software, which provides an integrated single-software-system experience. The instrument operating conditions and parameters are listed in Table 1.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study demonstrates a robust and fully automated method for the analysis of volatile PFAS in FCMs using a PAL3 Series 2 RTC autosampler coupled with an Agilent 7010D GC/TQ system. The Agilent MassHunter Optimizer proved invaluable by simplifying and accelerating the development of the acquisition method for the volatile PFAS, making the process user-friendly and efficient. The 7010D GC/TQ system with the next-generation HES 2.0 ion source provided exceptional sensitivity, achieving sub-ppb MDLs for the majority of PFAS analytes.&nbsp;This high level of sensitivity ensures accurate quantitation of trace levels of volatile PFAS, which is essential for reliable analysis. Notably, for all FTOHs, an LOQ of 20&nbsp;µg/kg with recoveries ranging from 65&nbsp;to 135% and %RSD &lt; 10 were achieved, highlighting the high extraction efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the automated PAL3 Series 2 RTC autosampler with Agilent 7010D GC/TQ workflow for PFAS analysis in FCMs.&nbsp;Automation of the workflow offers significant advantages for routine laboratory operations. Automation reduces human errors, eliminates the need for manual intervention, decreases chemical usage, and enhances overall laboratory productivity. This high-throughput solution is not only reliable but can be used to provide valuable food safety guidance to regulatory bodies by ensuring that trace-level volatile PFAS monitoring in FCMs is efficient and&nbsp;accurate.<h3>2. Certech / MDCW: Characterization of Odorous Compounds in Recycled Materials</h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/OL_19_Certech_Brasseur_C_16th_MDCW_423e916ef1.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Recycled materials such as polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) often emit unpleasant odors that can limit their applications. At the 16th MDCW, Certech presented a comprehensive methodology to identify and characterize these odorous compounds, which are typically present in trace amounts yet have significant sensory impact. Their approach combines sensory evaluation with advanced analytical instrumentation to reveal the chemical origin of smells.Certech relies on GC-MS/Olfactometry, also known as "sniffing" - to link chemical structures with perceived odors. Trained panelists assess the intensity and character of smells in controlled sensory rooms, while instruments detect compounds at extremely low concentrations. Key techniques include thermal desorption (TD), headspace-trap, and high-capacity sorptive extraction (HiSorb), integrated into the Centri® platform for automated and reproducible sampling.To deal with complex matrices like recycled PP, Certech employs <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=24&amp;search=GC%C3%97GC-HRTOFMS%2FFID">GC×GC-HRTOFMS/FID</a>, a powerful method that enables the detection of co-eluting compounds and unknowns. This multidimensional gas chromatography technique helps identify specific odor contributors such as pyrazines, diketones, or thiophenes, and supports comparisons before and after treatment processes.Certech's custom methods, including Tedlar bag sampling and Tenax sorbent tubes, allow for global odor assessment under controlled thermal conditions. These tools make it possible to isolate and study minor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are otherwise masked by the complexity of the sample matrix.By integrating human sensory perception with cutting-edge chemical analysis, Certech provides industries with actionable insights to improve the sensory quality of recycled polymers. Their services are a key asset for manufacturers aiming to meet quality expectations in sustainable materials.<h3>3. Shimadzu: Gas Analysis Using a Brevis GC-2050 Gas Chromatograph with a GI-30 Auto Gas Injector and TCD and BID Detectors</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00858_en_1_a8de0ad49c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>User Benefits:<ul><li>The updated TCD detector has a shorter stabilization time and is suitable for analyzing high-concentration components.</li><li>Shimadzu's unique BID detector can simultaneously analyze principal compounds including H2 and also detect low-concentration components.</li><li>The combination of TCD and BID detectors allows for analyzing a wide range of sample concentrations.</li><li>The newly introduced GI-30 automatic gas injector enables automatic and reproducible analysis of gas samples..</li></ul>GC is used to analyze gases in a wide range of fields, such as natural resources/energy and environmental testing. Typical components analyzed include inorganic gases like H2, CO, and CO2, and lower hydrocarbons starting with CH4. When analyzing these components with GC, either the TCD or BID detector can be selected asthe detector.&nbsp;Both TCD and BID detectors can detect all compounds except for carrier gases (the BID cannot detect Ne). TCD detectors are characterized by their ability to analyze high-concentration components reliably and its short stabilization time. In contrast, BID detectors are unique detectors, only offered by Shimadzu, that can detect low-concentration components that are difficult to detect with TCD detectors and can simultaneously analyze a variety of compoundsincluding H2.&nbsp;This article describes using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Brevis+GC-2050">Brevis GC-2050</a> system equipped with TCD and BID detectors to analyze gases with a GI-30 automatic gas injector. Using the GI-30, gas samples can be automatically injected into the GC unit, enabling reproducible continuous analysis. In addition, since the GI-30 can be used in conjunction with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=AOC-30">AOC-30 series autoinjector</a> or other units, gas samples and liquid samples can be efficiently analyzed with a single GC unit. This article also examines the analysis process flow and reproducibility when using the GI-30.<h4>Conclusion</h4>TCD and BID detectors, which can be installed in Brevis GC-2050 systems, are both effective detectors for gas analysis. TCD detectors can analyze high-concentration components and is characterized by a short stabilization time. BID detectors can detect trace components that are difficult to detect with a TCD detector and allow simultaneous analysis including H2. Additionally, the newly released GI-30 model not only reduces the burden on analysts through automatic continuous gas analysis but also enables highly reproducible analysis, which is difficult to achieve with manual injection.<h3>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: An integrated GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS workflow for quantitative analysis of pesticides with cross-confirmation using a single chromatography data system software</h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_202_integrated_workflow_qantitative_pesticides_single_chromatography_software_po202_asms2024_en_2c2a405797.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>According to the World Health Organization, more than one thousand different pesticides are used to protect crops from pests to increase yields and to minimize deterioration of agricultural products during storage and transportation. However, inappropriate use of pesticides can result in contamination of the food supply and the environment making it essential to define and monitor pesticide residue targets to protect the environment, consumer health, support trade, and establish food regulatory control. Consequently, laboratories are tasked to develop methods with a broad scope to detect, correctly identify, and quantitate hundreds of different pesticides and their transformation products in diverse sample matrices, and often at levels well below maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by regulatory bodies.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>The samples were extracted using the Thermo Scientific <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=QuEChERS+AOAC+2007.01+Method+extraction+kit">QuEChERS AOAC 2007.01 Method extraction kit</a> (P/N S1-15-AOAC-POT). Acetonitrile (15 mL) was added to 15 g of green beans sample; for wheat, water (15 mL) plus acetonitrile (15 mL) were added to the sample (5 g). No clean-up was applied to extracts for LC-MS/MS before injection. GC-MS/MS extracts were cleaned up using the Thermo Scientific QuEChERS AOAC 2007.01 method clean-up kit (P/N S2-2-GFV-AOAC-KIT), and an aliquot of the cleaned-up solution was solvent exchanged to heptane before injection.For the LC-MS/MS amenable pesticides, a Thermo Scientific Vanquish Flex UHPLC system was connected to a Thermo Scientific Altis Plus mass spectrometer system. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 3 μm). See Figure 1 for more method details.&nbsp;For the GC-MS/MS amenable pesticides, a Thermo Scientific <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/486">TRACE 1610 GC</a> equipped with a Thermo Scientific iConnect Thermospray injector (TSI) and a Thermo Scientific <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/422">TriPlus SMART autosampler </a>was connected to a Thermo Scientific <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/485">TSQ 9610 triple quadrupole GC-MS/MS </a>system equipped with a Thermo Scientific Advanced Electron Ionization (AEI) source. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Thermo Scientific <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/1747">TraceGOLD TG-SQC GC-capillary column</a> (15 m × 0.25 mm ID × 0.25 μm film thickness). See Figure 2 for more method details<h4>Conclusions</h4><ul><li>The pre-configured Thermo Scientific GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS pesticide workflows for analysis of approximately 700 pesticides are available as out-of-the-box solutions which include the hardware, software, built-in instrument and data processing methods, details of sample extraction, and consumables for fast implementation into any laboratory.&nbsp;</li><li>The unique feature for cross confirmation of identity, combining GC-MS/MS and LCMS/MS data, provides increased confidence in results and reduces the need for reanalysis while minimizing the possibility of false positive and negative results.&nbsp;</li><li>The results obtained from analysis of the PT samples demonstrate how the integrated workflows can quantitate GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS amenable pesticides with the required accuracy and precision in a blind test, mimicking a real-world lab situation.&nbsp;</li><li>The Chromeleon CDS version 7.3.2, built specifically for pesticides, provides fast data processing of large datasets comprising of hundreds of pesticides, in any configuration, from a workstation on a single computer to a complete Chromeleon Enterprise environment connecting multiple MS instruments and computers.</li></ul>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 23, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 2nd June 2025? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezLCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, LECO and Shimadzu and technical note by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Measuring Total Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Fuels by UV-Vis Spectroscopy</h3><h5>Optimizing photometric accuracy and streamlining data handling with the Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+3500+UV-Vis">Cary 3500 UV-Vis</a></h5><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_aviation_fuel_naphthalene_cary_3500_uv_vis_5994_8266en_agilent_446d649a67.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>UV-Vis spectroscopy can be used to provide a simple and quick qualitative analysis of aviation engine performance by measuring the concentration of component hydrocarbons in turbine fuel samples.&nbsp;One method of evaluating aviation engine performance includes characterizing fuel combustion. Naphthalene, a hydrocarbon composed of two aromatic rings and classified as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon1, is commonly used as a fuel additive in kerosene. Low levels of acenaphthene and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons may also be present in jet fuels. Although these naphthalenes constitute only a small percentage of a fuel sample's volume, they disproportionately contribute to the level of particulate matter in engine exhaust.2 They also contribute soot, smoke, and thermal radiation as a result of incomplete combustion.3 Since these combustion properties indicate lower fuel efficiency and a higher risk of pollutant emissions4, it is essential to calculate the total concentration of naphthalene hydrocarbons&nbsp;in aviation fuel.&nbsp;Through qualitative absorbance measurements and quantitative calculations, the total concentration of naphthalene in a jet fuel sample can be determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. This application note demonstrates the benefits of the Agilent&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+3500+UV-Vis">Cary 3500 UV-Vis spectrophotometer</a> and Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Cary+UV+Workstation">Cary UV Workstation </a>v1.6 for determining the total concentration of naphthalene hydrocarbons in three Jet&nbsp;A-1 fuel samples.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>Instrumentation</h5>Once the solvent control and sample cells had been prepared, the absorbance was measured using an Agilent Cary 3500 Multicell UV-Vis (Figure 1), using the parameters listed in Table 1. The Multicell module enables a user to measure up to seven samples and a reference simultaneously. In this experiment, the three fuel samples were measured altogether, and absorbance spectra were collected on one graph. The absorbance measurements of the samples were then compared to the spectroscopic isooctane (solvent control) at 285 nm.<h4>Results and discussion</h4><h5>Qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples</h5>The Cary UV Workstation v1.6 includes functional tools that help users produce and analyze results within a single program, simplifying the analysis. Both the operating parameters and calculation methods were set up using a new batch within the Scan application program. Users can choose to collect absorbance over a wavelength range or at a specified wavelength or wavelengths. In this study, the 240 to 350 nm wavelength region was scanned so that the shape of the absorbance spectrum could be analyzed.&nbsp;To evaluate the concentration of total naphthalene present within the jet fuel samples, three calculations were input into the "end of sequence analysis" feature, as shown in Figure 2. Analysis 1 was used to calculate the volume percentage (volume %) of naphthalenes in the samples, using mass percentage (mass %), and relative density values of the naphthalenes (1) and fuel (0.8).5&nbsp;Analysis 2 was used to calculate the mass percentage (mass %) of naphthalenes in the jet fuel samples using the absorbance value at 285 nm (A), mass of respective sample in grams (W), and two constants, 0.10 (K) and the average absorptivity of the C10 to C13 naphthalenes at 285 nm, 33.7&nbsp;L/g·cm.3 Weight was added into the sequence analysis setup, using the customizable parameters feature, which allows the user to tailor the variable and unit to their choice (Figure 2).&nbsp;Analysis 3 was used to find the absorbance (Abs) at 285 nm, using the "value at (285)" equation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The Agilent Cary 3500 Multicell UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Agilent Cary UV Workstation v1.6 software enabled an efficient and straightforward analysis of the total concentration of naphthalene hydrocarbons in jet turbine fuels. The reliability of the Cary 3500 was demonstrated through its precise and repeatable absorbance&nbsp;measurements. Retrieving saved methods and using automated in-sequence calculations in the software streamlined data collection and analysis, eliminating the need for manual input, offline calculations, or external software. Also, the integrated reporting functionality within the software ensured efficient result consolidation and facilitated easy information review. The Cary 3500 Multicell UV-Vis with Cary UV Workstation v1.6 provides a fast, reliable, robust, and user-friendly methodology for fuel quality assessment.<h3>2. LECO: Determination of Carbon and Nitrogen in Coal and Coke</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CN_928_CN_COAL_COKE_203_821_685_6a3c0ab72e.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Carbon and Nitrogen determination is part of the ultimate analysis of coal and coke fuel material, aiding in characterizing the material and providing information that can be utilized in calculating material/energy balances and efficiencies, as well as emission potentials for the coal and coke fuel. The Carbon and Nitrogen results for a coal material are also utilized to evaluate the reactivity potential for its use in a liquefaction or gasification process.<h4>Instrument Model and Configuration&nbsp;</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=24&amp;search=CN928">LECO CN928</a> is a macro combustion Carbon and Nitrogen determinator that utilizes a pure Oxygen environment in a high-temperature horizontal ceramic combustion furnace, utilizing ceramic boats designed to handle macro sample masses. A thermoelectric cooler removes moisture from the combustion gases before they are collected in a ballast. The gases equilibrate and mix in the ballast before a representative aliquot (3 cm3 or 10 cm3 volume) of the gas is extracted and introduced into a flowing stream of inert carrier gas (Helium or Argon) for analysis. The aliquot of gas is carried through a heated reduction tube, filled with Copper, to convert Nitrogen Oxide combustion gas species (NOx) to Nitrogen (N2). The aliquot of gas is then carried to a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) cell for the detection of Carbon (as CO2) and a thermal conductivity cell (TC) for the detection of Nitrogen (N2).&nbsp;Thermal conductivity detectors work by detecting changes in the thermal conductivity of the analyte gas compared to a reference/carrier gas. The greater the difference between the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas and the analyte gas, the greater the sensitivity of the detector. The CN928 supports either the use of Helium or Argon as the instrument's carrier gas. When used as a carrier gas, Helium provides the highest sensitivity, and the best performance at the lower limit of the Nitrogen range. The thermal conductivity difference between Argon and Nitrogen is not as great as the thermal conductivity difference between Helium and Nitrogen, therefore the detector is inherently less sensitive when using Argon as a carrier gas.&nbsp;The LECO CN928 offers the additional advantage of 3 3 utilizing either a 10 cm3 aliquot loop or a 3 cm3 aliquot loop within the instrument's gas collection and handling system. The 10 cm3 aliquot loop optimizes the system for the lowest 3 Nitrogen range and provides the best precision. The 3 cm3 aliquot loop extends reagent life expectancy by approximately three-fold when compared to the 10 cm3 aliquot loop, while providing the lowest cost-per-analysis with minimal impact on practical application performance.<h4>TYPICAL RESULTS</h4>Data was generated in compliance with ASTM D5373, utilizing a linear, full regression calibration for Carbon determination and a linear, force through origin calibration for Nitrogen determination, using fractional masses (0.17 g to 0.30 g) of LECO 502-642 (Lot 1020) LCRM Phenylalanine (65.45% C, 8.46% N). The calibrations were verified using LECO 502-896 (Lot 1007) LCRM EDTA (41.14% C, 9.59% N). Coal and coke samples were analyzed as received and corrected for moisture in accordance with ASTM D5373. Samples were weighed and analyzed at ~0.20 grams.<h3>3. Shimadzu: FTIR Analysis of Kidney Stone Using IRSpirit-TX</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_04_ad_0313_en_ff978eaa63.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>User Benefits</h5><ul><li>FTIR analysis of kidney stones can be easily performed with minimal sample preparation using QATR -S.</li><li>Quick identification of kidney stone composition is possible with LabSolutionsTM IR software by searching the measured spectrum against the IR Kidney Stones Library</li></ul>In the field of nephrology, FTIR analysis of kidney stones is a critical tool for studying nephrolithiasis etiology. The primary purpose of this analysis is to accurately identify the chemical composition of kidney stones, which can vary significantly among individuals. Thisinformation may provide insightsinto underlying metabolic disorders or dietary factors.&nbsp;By employing FTIR spectroscopy, researchers can obtain detailed spectral data that enablesthe precise classification ofstones,such as calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, or cystine [1]. This information can be beneficial for understanding the characteristics of kidney stones, potentially informing future research directions. Furthermore, FTIR analysis requires only a small volume of sample, allowing analysts to reserve more samples for other analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry.&nbsp;This Application News describes the simple workflow of kidney stone sample preparation and measurement by attenuated total reflection (ATR) method, followed by composition identification through a library search with the IR Kidney Stones Library.<h4>Analysis Conditions</h4>The pulverized sample was measured using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=IRSpirit-TX">IRSpirit-TX </a>and QATR-S accessory (Fig. 1) with a zinc selenide (ZnSe) prism. A spatula of the powdered sample was pressed on the prism and measured under the analysis conditions specified in Table 1.<h4>Compositional Analysis of Kidney Stone</h4>ATR correction was performed on the acquired sample spectrum for better matching since the IR Kidney Stones Library is based on transmission spectra. Based on the search results as shown in Fig. 3, the sample spectrum closely resembles a mixture of carbonate apatite and struvite.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In this application news, the ATR technique using IRSpirit-TX is presented as a quick and easy solution for kidney stone characterization. This method provides valuable information that can enhance the understanding of the various factors associated with nephrolithiasis, potentially informing future research and studies in this area.<h3>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Reaching sub-ppm limits of detection for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen with the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1690">Element GD Plus GD-MS</a></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_001935_CNO_option_tn001935_en_1effc0f17a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Manufacturers of semiconductor materials and high purity metals use a number of different analytical techniques to assess the purity of the materials that they produce. Glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) is a popular tool for analyzing a wide range of metallic and non-metallic impurities. However, the quantification of gas phase elements like trace carbon, nitrogen and oxygen within materials has traditionally been accomplished through combustion techniques, requiring a second analytical instrument.&nbsp;The fast flow source of the Thermo Scientific™ Element™ GD Plus GD Mass Spectrometer is well suited for analyzing gas phase elements like C, N and O. This is because the high discharge gas flow can rapidly remove water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen which could be adsorbed on surfaces. However, achieving low detection limits for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen requires a sufficiently clean argon discharge gas.&nbsp;In this technical note, we introduce the CNO option for the Element GD Plus GD-MS. The CNO option cleans the argon discharge gas through purification units adsorbing moisture, carbon dioxide and nitrogen traces from the argon gas supplied. This allows sub-ppm limits of detection to be achieved for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.<h5>What is the CNO option?&nbsp;</h5>The CNO option of the Element GD Plus GD-MS provides the tools to analyze ppm and sub-ppm levels of atmospheric gas elements in samples. The fast-flow source of the<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/1690"> Element GD Plus GD-MS</a> is uniquely suited for the analysis of gas phase elements. The high discharge gas flow removes atmospheric contaminants, mainly H2O and CO2 , and N2 and O2 that have been adsorbed onto the surfaces. The CNO option cleans the incoming discharge gas, allowing low levels of detection for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.The CNO option offers an alternative gas line for the discharge argon gas (Figure 1). Argon gas is led to the source through a moisture trap and a gas purifier before entering the instrument via a mechanical valve. This is used when low carbon, nitrogen and oxygen backgrounds are required. The CNO option consists of four key components (Figure 1, blue line):&nbsp;<ul><li>Moisture trap: which acts as a pre-filter for C (CO2) and O (H2O)&nbsp;</li><li>Heated gas purifier: which traps C, N and O&nbsp;</li><li>Mechanically adjustable valve: high purity valve to regulate the flow of purified argon&nbsp;</li><li>High purity, high quality steel capillaries: avoiding any polymer sealings and keeping the number of connections to a minimum</li></ul><h4>Conclusion</h4>We have demonstrated how the CNO option for the Element GD Plus GD-MS increases its versatility, allowing trace amounts of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen to be quantified simultaneously with a wide range of metallic and non-metallic impurities. The low LoDs for carbon (0.05 ppm), nitrogen (0.12 ppm) and oxygen (0.5 ppm) enable a wide range of samples to be screened for impurities. Coupled with the fast analysis times and sample loading times, the CNO option makes the Element GD Plus GD-MS the instrument of choice for trace elemental analysis of semiconductor materials and high purity metals.

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 23, 2025

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