<p><strong>Mass spectrometry has accelerated bacterial identification in clinical microbiology, but protein-based methods often struggle with species-level resolution. Lipid- and metabolite-based MS approaches offer improved specificity, including detection of antibiotic resistance traits.</strong></p><p>In this study, we applied rapid flow-injection ion mobility mass spectrometry (FI-IM-MS) to characterize bacterial pathogens. By replacing liquid chromatography with ion mobility separation, we achieved simultaneous detection of lipids and metabolites, distinguishing 24 ESKAPE strains. FI-IM-MS matched the performance of LC-IM-MS while reducing analysis time from 17 to 2 minutes per injection. The stability of the IM dimension supports its use for quantitative peak analysis. These findings highlight the potential of rapid multi-omics to enable strain-level identification and resistance detection in clinical microbiology.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417"><strong>Rapid Multi-Omics for Bacterial Identification Using Flow Injection–Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry</strong></a></h4><p>Hannah M. Hynds, Jana M. Carpenter, Kelly M. Hines*</p><p>Anal. Chem. 2025, 97, 26, 13809–13816</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417</a></p><h5>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h5></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><p>The investigation of a class of biomolecules and their corresponding biological processes, known as omics, has gained growing attention in the past decade due to its significant correlation with the causation and progression of disease states. While single-omic techniques like genomics, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1−3)</a> transcriptomics, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> and proteomics <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5−7)</a> have provided comprehensive profiles of individual biomolecular groups, it has been demonstrated that the combination or integration of multiple omic techniques yields a more comprehensive understanding of the biological systems under investigation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,9)</a> A typical multiomics study breaks down biological samples into separate biochemical components, analyzes each type of biomolecule separately, and then integrates the resulting data sets using advanced bioinformatics strategies. While the knowledge gleaned from these experiments is exceptionally insightful, the time and resource requirements for the analytical and informatic pipelines typically limit the use of multiomics approaches to mechanistic or discovery-type studies.</p><p>One area that could benefit from rapid multiomic strategies is clinical microbiology, where mass spectrometry has become the standard method for the identification of unknown bacterial species. Platforms like the bioMérieux Vitek MS and Bruker Biotyper rely on protein fingerprint spectra that are generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) to differentiate bacteria at the genus and species level. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10−15)</a> Other strategies that are in development target differences in lipids between bacterial species. MALDI-ToF-MS and similar approaches have been used to detect glycolipids, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16−19)</a> fatty acids, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20−22)</a> and phospholipids, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(23,24)</a> while direct sampling strategies like the MasSpec Pen, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(25)</a> paper spray, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(26−28)</a> or rapid evaporative ionization MS (REIMS) <a href="javascript:void(0);">(29−31)</a> rely mostly on phospholipids, fatty acids, and other lipophilic molecules. Other MS-based bacterial identification strategies incorporate liquid chromatography with MS to measure the signature metabolites that are produced and consumed by different bacteria. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32,33)</a> While each of these methods have shown success in identifying bacteria based on a subset of the organism’s biomolecular composition, it is reasonable to expect that gains in the specificity or sensitivity of bacterial identification could be improved by using a multiomics approach to detect differences across several classes of biomolecules. However, the implementation of multiomics at the speed and scale required for diagnostic settings like clinical microbiology requires a significant improvement in the throughput of the multiomics strategy.</p><p>An alternative strategy to the standard multiomics workflow would be to forego the initial partitioning of the biological sample and preserve its inherent “multiomic” composition from the start. From an analytical perspective, there are several reasons why this would be a difficult approach to implement─first among them being the incompatible chemical properties (i.e., solubility, polarity, etc.) of the biomolecules themselves. Other difficulties, such as ionization suppression and interferences, can be addressed to some extent with liquid chromatography, but solubility issues still limit the breadth of chemical complexity that is feasible in samples for chromatographic separations. On the other hand, gas-phase separations based on ion mobility (IM) provide some capability to resolve similar mass or isobaric analytes that differ in their structures. The combination of IM with MS (IM-MS) presents the additional advantage of biomolecular-specific trendlines that arise from differences in the relationships between size and mass across lipids, metabolites, peptides/proteins, etc. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(34−36)</a> Although IM drift times vary between instruments, the calibration or normalization of drift times to collision cross sections (CCS) provides a stable molecular descriptor that can be shared across laboratories or IM instruments and used as evidence for the identification of unknown ions.</p><p>We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and IM-MS to resolve four representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria based on the simultaneous analysis of lipids and metabolites from single-phase extracts. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(37)</a> However, the redundancy of the class-level separation in the HILIC and IM dimensions suggests that one pre-MS separation dimension may be sufficient for the analysis of bacterial lipids and metabolites. Examples of rapid IM-MS measurements without chromatographic separations have been achieved by others using sample introduction strategies like paper spray (PS) <a href="javascript:void(0);">(26,27)</a> and flow injection (FI). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(38−41)</a> These studies have primarily focused on narrow subsets of biomolecules, such as metabolites or lipids, and have not investigated the impact of these sample introduction strategies on the overall performance relative to methods that use chromatographic separations. Here, we perform a side-by-side comparison of HILIC-IM-MS and FI-IM-MS for strain-level differentiation in six types of bacteria based on their multiomic profiles. Our study demonstrates that FI-IM-MS can achieve the same quality of data as HILIC-IM-MS in a fraction of the time. The ability to perform rapid analyses of bacterial lipids and metabolites, enabled by IM-MS and FI, represents a positive step toward the development of multiomic methods that have the speed and throughput required for clinical microbiology and other diagnostic areas.</p><h4><strong>Experimental Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry</strong></h5><p>Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and flow injection (FI) were coupled to the electrospray ionization source of a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/252"><strong>Waters SYNAPT XS</strong></a> traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometer (TWIM-MS) for data collection. Sample introduction methods and mass spectrometry settings can be found in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417/suppl_file/ac5c00417_si_001.pdf">Document S1</a>. All collision cross section (CCS) calibration methods and results can be found in the Supplemental Experimental Methods section of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417/suppl_file/ac5c00417_si_001.pdf">Document S1</a>. Details on the components and concentrations of the CCS calibration mixtures can be found in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417/suppl_file/ac5c00417_si_001.pdf">Document 2</a>. Data were analyzed using Water’s Driftscope, Progenesis QI, and EZInfo. For FI-IM-MS data, Driftscope was used to collapse the retention time dimension and export the corresponding drift time dimension or arrival time distribution. An example of the resulting IM-MS data, arrival time distribution, and representative extracted mobilograms are shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417?ref=utm_source=pubsw&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;utm_campaign=IC004_ST0004D_T000549_OA_Microsite_LP&amp;src=IC004_ST0004D_T000549_OA_Microsite_LP#fig1">Figure 1</a>. Progenesis QI was then used for both FI-IM-MS and HILIC-IM-MS data sets to import, peak pick, align, normalize, and visualize the data. All data were normalized to the OD readings during the bacterial growth process (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417/suppl_file/ac5c00417_si_001.pdf">Document S2</a>). The data were then filtered by ANOVA <i>p</i>-value or by feature intensity before being exported to EZInfo for principal component analysis (PCA). Student’s <i>t</i>-test <i>p</i>-values were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(42)</a> The raw HILIC-IM-MS and FI-IM-MS data files are available in the MassIVE data repository (MSV000097587). Additional information on the identification of lipid and metabolite features using accurate mass and CCS can be found in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417/suppl_file/ac5c00417_si_001.pdf">Document S1</a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2025_97_26_13809_13816_Figure_1_FI_IM_MS_ESI_data_from_multiomic_mixture_containing_P_aeruginosa_strain_NR_51529_8afea8c172.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2025, 97, 26, 13809–13816 - Figure 1. FI-IM-MS (ESI+) data from multiomic mixture containing P. aeruginosa strain NR-51529. (A) Ion mobility–mass spectrometry conformational space. From the ion mobility dimension, (B) the total 1D ion mobilogram and extracted ion mobilograms for (C) pyocyanin, (D) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and (E) phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 34:1 are shown." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2025_97_26_13809_13816_Figure_1_FI_IM_MS_ESI_data_from_multiomic_mixture_containing_P_aeruginosa_strain_NR_51529_8afea8c172.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1645" height="745"></p><h4><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>Precision of FI-IM-MS versus HILIC-IM-MS</strong></h5><p>Before evaluating the ability to distinguish bacterial species, we first investigated the precision of the FI-IM-MS method relative to our previously demonstrated HILIC-IM-MS approach. Precision was evaluated using the IM-extracted peak areas of features detected in replicate injections of a pooled quality control (QC) sample that contained a mixture of extracts from each strain evaluated. As seen in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417?ref=utm_source=pubsw&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;utm_campaign=IC004_ST0004D_T000549_OA_Microsite_LP&amp;src=IC004_ST0004D_T000549_OA_Microsite_LP#fig2">Figure 2</a>A,B, FI-IM-MS data collected for 16 QC injections over a 5-h period cluster tightly in the PCA score plots without any need for filtering. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) of FI-IM-MS features with peak intensities greater than 50 was calculated. This threshold retained 80% (1481/1736) and 85% (1394/1739) of the total detected features from positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. As seen in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417?ref=utm_source=pubsw&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;utm_campaign=IC004_ST0004D_T000549_OA_Microsite_LP&amp;src=IC004_ST0004D_T000549_OA_Microsite_LP#fig2">Figure 2</a>C,D, 79% and 90% of the retained FI-IM-MS features had RSDs below 15% in positive ionization mode and negative ionization mode, respectively. These data demonstrate that the FI-IM-MS method and particularly the IM dimension from which peak areas were extracted provide high-precision measurements for complex biological extracts in a short analysis time.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2025_97_26_13809_13816_Figure_2_PCA_plots_of_A_positive_and_B_negative_mode_FI_IM_MS_data_from_16_injections_of_a_pooled_QC_and_96_bacteria_extracts_0bc53f73f7.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2025, 97, 26, 13809–13816: Figure 2. PCA plots of (A) positive and (B) negative mode FI-IM-MS data from 16 injections of a pooled QC and 96 bacteria extracts. RSDs calculated based on (C) 1481 features in ESI+ and (D) 1394 features in ESI– that were detected in all QC replicates with an intensity ≥50." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2025_97_26_13809_13816_Figure_2_PCA_plots_of_A_positive_and_B_negative_mode_FI_IM_MS_data_from_16_injections_of_a_pooled_QC_and_96_bacteria_extracts_0bc53f73f7.jpg 191w," sizes="100vw" width="1321" height="1080"></p><p>For comparison, we performed the same evaluation on LC-extracted peak areas of features detected in 10 replicate injections of QC collected throughout the HILIC-IM-MS experiment. The combination of a 17-min HILIC separation with IM-MS provides a higher peak capacity than the 2 min FI-IM-MS method, and therefore more features were detected in the HILIC-IM-MS data set. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(43,44)</a> The same intensity threshold of 50 retained 38% (4165/10953) and 20% (1434/7080) of the respective positive and negative mode HILIC-IM-MS features. Although the percentage retained is smaller, this filtered HILIC-IM-MS data set still represents a similar magnitude of features (1× for negative mode and 3× more for positive mode) compared to the FI-IM-MS data set. As shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00417/suppl_file/ac5c00417_si_001.pdf">Document S1, Figure S3</a>, just 60% of the positive mode HILIC-IM-MS features and 54% of the negative mode HILIC-IM-MS features had RSDs below 15%.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>We have demonstrated that the IM-MS strategy for multiomics can achieve species- and strain-level separations for representative strains of the ESKAPE pathogens with an analysis time of 2 min per injection. The FI-IM-MS approach has proven to provide results comparable to those of a previous method for simultaneous lipid and metabolite measurements in bacteria, which was based on a 17-min HILIC-IM-MS method. Although the FI-IM-MS method is more susceptible to ionization suppression, we have demonstrated that the impact of ionization suppression on an easily ionized metabolite is similar between FI and HILIC. The large number of overlapping features and strong positive correlations for the raw abundances of identified lipids and metabolites between the two data sets further demonstrates that the FI-IM-MS approach can achieve similar performance to the HILIC-IM-MS method, but in a fraction of the time. Collectively, these results represent a promising first step in the development of rapid IM-MS-based multiomics as a platform for bacterial identification. Future work will require the curation of databases containing multiomic bacterial signatures and the establishment of scoring algorithms that can be used to identify unknown bacterial isolates. We expect that IM-MS-derived CCS values will be critical in ensuring that bacterial identifications are based on accurately annotated features.</p>

Rapid Multi-Omics for Bacterial Identification Using Flow Injection–Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry

<p><strong>Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) and amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (AADESs) are eco-friendly alternatives with low toxicity, low cost, and tunable physicochemical properties. In this work, two green preparation methods were developed using stirring without heating and a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure, with comparisons to the conventional heating approach.</strong></p><p>The solvents, based on citric acid with β-alanine, xylitol, or malic acid, were characterized by FTIR, DSC, viscosity, and melting point measurements, confirming their eutectic nature. Both methods produced effective solvents for microwave-assisted extraction of plant materials, enabling recoveries of 87–106% for Cd, Pb, and As. EcoScale evaluation gave high green scores (99 for stirring, 98 for rotary evaporation), highlighting the efficiency and sustainability of these preparation methods.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c03345"><strong>Green Approaches for Preparation of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Determination of As, Cd, and Pb in Plant Samples by ICP-MS</strong></a></h4><p>Sabrina S. Ferreira, Rafaela S. Lamarca, Leandro S. Silva, Thiago A. L. Burgo, Paulo C. F. Lima Gomes, Clarice D. B. Amaral, Jose O. Fernandes, Sara C. Cunha, Mario H. Gonzalez*</p><p>ACS Omega 2025, 10, 24, 26118–26128</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c03345">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c03345</a></p><h5>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h5></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><p>Actions aimed at reducing the production, use, and exposure potential of harmful chemicals are essential for achieving sustainability goals. Unfortunately, conventional analytical methods often worsen environmental issues, because the production and use of toxic solvents contribute to the generation of hazardous waste during the analytical process. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1−3)</a> For this reason, significant efforts are being made to develop new sustainable solvents to replace toxic ones, aiming at reducing the environmental impacts of analytical methodologies while maintaining the quality of analytical results.</p><p>A major challenge in green analytical chemistry (GAC) is the design and synthesis of sustainable solvents suitable for use with a wide variety of solutes. A sustainable solvent should comply with the principles of GAC, considering aspects including waste disposal, impacts on the environment and human health, and safety of use. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a></p><p>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are currently considered a sustainable and economically attractive option, due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, and affordable synthesis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a> A DES is a mixture of two or more organic compounds at a ratio close to the eutectic point, with a melting point lower than for each of the precursors alone. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> These solvents are known as natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), when natural compounds such as sugars, organic acids, amines, and amino acids are used in the synthesis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> A NADES can be more strictly classified as an amino acid-based deep eutectic solvent (AADES), when an amino acid is used as one of the solvent precursors. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9,10)</a></p><p>The components of DES such as NADES and AADES interact primarily by means of hydrogen bonds, with one of the precursors serving as a hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) and the other as a hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA). The intermolecular hydrogen bonding network allows for charge delocalization, which is described as the cause of the decreased melting points of DES. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,11)</a> Changing the molar ratio of the precursors, or adding water to the solvent, modifies the interactions between the components, resulting in changes in physicochemical properties such as density, viscosity, and melting temperature. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8,12)</a></p><p>Since the discovery of DES and NADES, many studies have explored different combinations of precursors, different syntheses, and optimization of parameters such as the component ratio and water volume. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> The main methods described in the literature for the preparation of DES are stirring and heating, lyophilization, vacuum evaporation, microwave irradiation, and ultrasonication. The stirring and heating method involves mixing two separate components in the presence of water, followed by stirring and heating the solution on a magnetic stirrer, until a clear liquid is formed. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> In the evaporation method, the components are solubilized in water and evaporated at a temperature of approximately 50 °C, using a rotary evaporator, followed by storage of the resulting liquid in a desiccator until it reaches constant weight. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> In microwave-assisted NADES preparation, the precursors are irradiated in a closed system, at controlled power and temperature. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15,16)</a> Solvent formation can also be induced by sound waves in ultrasound-assisted NADES preparation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a></p><p>Due to their adaptability, DES and NADES are gaining popularity in analytical chemistry, as well as in areas such as catalysis, electrochemistry, materials chemistry, and organic synthesis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14,17)</a> In the last ten years, there has been a significant amount of research on the use of DES and NADES as extraction solvents employed in the preparation of solid and liquid samples. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13,18)</a> Most of the studies have focused on the extraction of organic substances such as pesticides, drugs, bioactive substances, and phenolics. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19,20)</a> The use of DES and NADES for the extraction of inorganic analytes has also been investigated in several studies. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21−23)</a> Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), ultrasound-assisted microextraction (UAME), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) are frequently mentioned in the literature, among many other sample preparation techniques using DES as extraction solvents. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10,24,25)</a></p><p>The number of studies exploring the applicability of DES has been increasing annually, but the influence of the physicochemical properties of DES has not yet been fully elucidated. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(26)</a> Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of NADES and AADES based on xylitol, β-alanine, and citric acid, prepared using two different routes. Investigation was made of the physicochemical properties of these solvents, including freezing point, density, viscosity, and polarity, and the solvents were compared with others prepared using the widely employed stirring with a heating method. The sustainability and green characteristics of the developed preparation methods of the solvents were evaluated using the EcoScale metric. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(27)</a> In addition, the extractive capacities of the solvents prepared by the proposed methods were evaluated in the analysis of plant tissue material using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), followed by determination of toxic elements by ICP-MS.</p><h4><strong>2. Material and Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.5. Characterization of the NADES and AADES</strong></h5><p>Infrared spectra of the NADES and AADES were obtained using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=4&amp;search=Spectrum+Two"><strong>Spectrum Two</strong></a>, PerkinElmer, USA) operated in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode, in the range 4000 to 400 cm<sup>–1</sup>, with a resolution of 4 cm<sup>–1</sup> and an accumulation of 64 scans.</p><p>Density measurements of the NADES and AADES were performed (in triplicate) using a pycnometer calibrated with water, at 24 °C, and an analytical balance with a precision of ±0.0001 g (model AG200, Gehaka, São Paulo, Brazil). Viscosity measurements of the solvents were made (in triplicate) using a Cannon-Fenske viscometer calibrated with water, at 24 °C.</p><p>The melting points of the solvents were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), using a TA2010 instrument controlled by a TA5000 module (TA Instruments, USA). A 10 mg portion of the sample was placed on an aluminum support and heated from −100 to 400 °C, at 10 °C min<sup>–1</sup>, under a flow of N<sub>2</sub> (100 mL min<sup>–1</sup>).</p><h5><strong>2.6. Sample Preparation and Analysis by ICP-MS</strong></h5><h5><strong>2.6.1. Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) with NADES and AADES</strong></h5><p>The solvents prepared by stirring and rotary evaporator were used in a microwave-assisted extraction method to prepare a sample of a forage grass reference material (<i>Brachiaria brizantha</i> cv. Marandu, E1001a) supplied by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa, São Paulo, Brazil), following the procedures described by Santana et al. and Guimarães et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(21,28)</a> For the Xyl-CA and MA-CA NADES, 90 mg of the sample and 9 mL of the solvent were used, with the following heating program: (I) 2 min ramp to 100 °C and (II) maintaining at 100 °C for 18 min (Santana, 2020). For the Ala-CA AADES, 200 mg of the sample and 5 mL of the solvent were used, with the heating program: (I) 2 min ramp to 100 °C and (II) maintaining at 100 °C for 40 min (Guimarães et al., 2022). After extraction, the suspensions were filtered, and the supernatants were appropriately diluted in ultrapure deionized water, prior to analysis by ICP-MS. The procedure was performed in triplicate.</p><h5><strong>2.6.2. ICP-MS Analysis</strong></h5><p>The extracts were analyzed by using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=4&amp;search=NexION+300X"><strong>NexION 300X</strong></a> ICP-MS system (PerkinElmer, USA) equipped with a concentric nebulizer, a cyclonic nebulization chamber, and a quartz torch with a quartz injector tube (2.0 mm). The instrumental parameters were adjusted according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The isotopes <sup>75</sup>As<sup>+</sup>, <sup>111</sup>Cd<sup>+</sup>, and <sup>208</sup>Pb<sup>+</sup> were analyzed in standard mode. The ICP-MS operating conditions are listed in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c03345#tbl2">Table 2</a>. Calibration curves were prepared using dilutions of a 1000 mg L<sup>–1</sup> stock standard solution of all of the analytes (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). For matrix matching, the calibration curves for analysis of the extracts were prepared using the standards in a NADES medium (1% v v<sup>–1</sup>).</p><h4><strong>3. Results and Discussion</strong></h4><p>In this study, two preparation methods for NADES and AADES were developed: stirring and a rotary evaporator. These methods were compared with preparation by stirring and heating, which is a method commonly reported in the literature.</p><h5><strong>3.1. Eutectic Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties</strong></h5><p>FTIR analysis was employed to investigate the intermolecular interactions and functional groups of the eutectic mixtures. The FTIR spectra of the precursors and NADES and AADES prepared by the three different methods (stirring, stirring with heating, and under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator) are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c03345#fig1">Figure 1</a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_24_26118_26128_Figure_1_ATR_FTIR_spectra_of_the_initial_reagents_and_the_NADES_and_AADES_prepared_using_the_different_methods_9dc9053521.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 24, 26118–26128: Figure 1. ATR-FTIR spectra of the initial reagents and the NADES and AADES prepared using the different methods for (a) Xyl-CA, (b) MA-CA, and (c) Ala-CA." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_24_26118_26128_Figure_1_ATR_FTIR_spectra_of_the_initial_reagents_and_the_NADES_and_AADES_prepared_using_the_different_methods_9dc9053521.jpg 62w," sizes="100vw" width="636" height="1600"></p><p>The limit between the formation of the eutectic mixture and only solubilization of the components was investigated by applying the stirring procedure for a time until complete homogenization of the precursors, which was 20 min. The FTIR spectrum of the mixture obtained (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c03345#fig2">Figure 2</a>) showed no shift of the C═O bond peak at 1696 cm<sup>–1</sup> to longer wavelengths, in addition to the peak having a lower intensity. This suggested that there was no significant increase in the electron density of carbonyl oxygen for the formation of hydrogen bonds between the precursors, which was a characteristic expected for effective formation of the solvent, under the conditions employed.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_24_26118_26128_Figure_2_Comparison_of_the_ATR_FTIR_spectrum_for_the_MA_CA_NADES_prepared_by_the_stirring_and_heating_method_bb820efdd5.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 24, 26118–26128: Figure 2. Comparison of the ATR-FTIR spectrum for the MA-CA NADES prepared by the stirring and heating method and the spectrum for the same components only solubilized under stirring." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_24_26118_26128_Figure_2_Comparison_of_the_ATR_FTIR_spectrum_for_the_MA_CA_NADES_prepared_by_the_stirring_and_heating_method_bb820efdd5.jpg 189w," sizes="100vw" width="996" height="821"></p><p>It has been suggested that the formation of a deep eutectic solvent cannot be confirmed only by evidence of hydrogen-bond formation and by the eutectic point of the mixture being lower than the melting points of the individual components. It is necessary for the solvent to present a eutectic point temperature below the eutectic temperature of the ideal liquid mixture, with significant negative deviations from ideality, for it to be considered a deep eutectic solvent. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(26)</a> Therefore, analyses were performed to identify the melting points, calculate the ideal eutectic points, and obtain the phase diagrams of the proposed mixtures.</p><p>The NADES and AADES were submitted to DSC measurements at low temperature to identify the melting points of the mixtures obtained by the different preparation methods. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c03345#fig3">Figure 3</a> shows the DSC curves for the Ala-CA AADES. The Xyl-CA and MA-CA NADES prepared by using a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure showed instability in solution, with phase separation occurring after 15 days of storage. This observed phase separation suggested disruption of the intermolecular interactions of the solvent, which precluded accurate melting point determination for these systems. The melting points obtained for NADES and AADES prepared using the three different methods are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.5c03345#tbl3">Table 3</a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2025_10_24_26118_26128_Figure_3_DSC_curves_for_the_Ala_CA_AADES_obtained_using_the_different_methods_d80f076024.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2025, 10, 24, 26118–26128: Figure 3. DSC curves for the Ala-CA AADES obtained using the different methods: (a) stirring, (b) stirring/heating, and (c) rotary evaporator under reduced pressure." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2025_10_24_26118_26128_Figure_3_DSC_curves_for_the_Ala_CA_AADES_obtained_using_the_different_methods_d80f076024.jpg 58w," sizes="100vw" width="599" height="1600"></p><h4><strong>4. Conclusions</strong></h4><p>Green and sustainable methods were evaluated for the preparation of NADES and AADES, with the ability to modulate the physicochemical properties of the solvents produced. Stirring and rotary evaporator under reduced pressure preparation methods were employed to obtain three different NADESs and AADESs, based on combinations of citric acid, xylitol/malic acid/β-alanine, and water, and they were compared with the method using stirring with heating. A careful characterization of the solvents was made once the formation of the solvents using the stirring and rotary evaporator methods had been confirmed by FTIR and DSC analyses, together with the construction of phase diagrams.</p><p>When these solvents were employed in a method for microwave-assisted extraction of a plant material, they showed good capacity to extract Cd and Pb, using NADES prepared by stirring, and As and Pb, using AADES prepared by the stirring and rotary evaporator methods. The stirring and rotary evaporator methods for preparation of NADES and AADES have advantages in terms of efficiency and ease of use when compared to the conventional method of stirring with heating. Elucidation of the mechanisms of interaction between the components for the formation of NADES, the mechanisms of interaction between NADES and elemental analytes, and the factors involved in NADES–sample interactions are steps to be addressed in future studies necessary for the effective implementation of these solvents in sample preparation.</p>

Green Approaches for Preparation of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Determination of As, Cd, and Pb in Plant Samples by ICP-MS

<p><strong>Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in chemistry, pharmaceuticals, food safety, and environmental monitoring. A GC system typically consists of an autosampler, injector, columns, detectors, and a data system. Each of these modules plays a critical role in ensuring accurate, reproducible separations and quantitation.</strong></p><p>Like any complex instrument, GC systems are subject to wear and tear. Certain components are exposed to high temperatures, corrosive gases, and mechanical stress, making them more prone to failure.</p><h4><strong>Which Parts Break Down Most Often and Why?</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Inlets (Split/Splitless, PTV, On-Column):</strong> High thermal cycling, septum punctures, and contamination from dirty samples can damage inlet bodies, liners, and seals.</li><li><strong>EPC Modules (Electronic Pneumatic Control):</strong> Precision electronics and valves regulating carrier and detector gases are sensitive to leaks, dirt, and aging, leading to flow instability.</li><li><strong>Detectors (ECD, FID, SCD, NCD):</strong> Detector assemblies rely on delicate components such as filaments, burners, or electrodes, which degrade over time.</li><li><strong>Oven Components:</strong> Fans, heaters, and exhaust deflectors can fail due to prolonged high-temperature operation.</li><li><strong>Electronic Boards and Power Supplies:</strong> Provide stable operation for all modules; aging components can lead to intermittent failures.</li></ul><h4><strong>What Needs to Be Replaced Frequently?</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Septum and liners:</strong> Daily to weekly, depending on use.</li><li><strong>O-rings, seals, ferrules:</strong> Regular wear items, replaced as part of routine maintenance.</li><li><strong>Detector components (ECD cells, FID jets, SCD/NCD burners):</strong> Replaced when signal stability drops.</li><li><strong>EPC modules and valves:</strong> Every few years, or when gas flows become unstable.</li></ul><p>Proactive replacement of these consumable and wear parts prevents downtime and ensures your GC delivers consistent results.</p><h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar?category=366"><strong>Offered GC Spare Parts</strong></a></h3><h5><strong>1.&nbsp;Agilent: Quartz Heater Burner XCD, G3488-60203 (Tested)</strong></h5><p>Quartz heater burner for Agilent 8355/8255 xCD detectors. Provides stable high-temperature combustion for accurate sulfur and nitrogen detection in GC chemiluminescence analysis.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €1,900.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/483">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>2. Agilent: ECD EPC Manifold for GC 7890, G3433-60533 (Tested)</strong></h5><p>EPC manifold ensures precise gas flow to the ECD for stable and sensitive halogen compound analysis. OEM part for optimal performance.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €2,250.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/481">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>3. Agilent: GC 6890 EPC Flow Control Module, G1531-69720 (Tested)</strong></h5><p>EPC flow control module for Agilent 6890 GC. Ensures precise carrier gas regulation for consistent chromatographic performance. Ideal for service or system restoration.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €1,650.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/480">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>4. Agilent: SSL Manifold Assembly, G3452-60852 (Tested)</strong></h5><p>Critical mechanical and pneumatic subassembly used in Agilent GC/MS systems equipped with a Split/Splitless inlet.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€1,650.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/459">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>5. Agilent: SSL with EPC Assembly, 100 PSI for 8890 GC, G3547-60100 (Refurbished)</strong></h5><p>High-pressure SSL inlet with EPC for Agilent 8890 GC, supporting split/splitless modes, precise flow control, and fast heating—ideal for trace-level and routine GC applications.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €2,900.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/433">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Agilent_SSL_with_EPC_Assy_100_PSI_for_8890_GC_ab9e45f919.jpg" alt="Agilent: SSL with EPC Assembly, 100 PSI for 8890 GC, G3547-60100" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Agilent_SSL_with_EPC_Assy_100_PSI_for_8890_GC_ab9e45f919.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1200"></p><h5><strong>6. Agilent: 8890 EPC Module, Cool On-Column, G3450-60405 (New)</strong></h5><p>EPC module designed for precise carrier gas regulation in Agilent 8890 GC systems equipped with a Cool On-Column (COC) inlet.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €2,200.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/402">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>7. Agilent: GC Exhaust Deflector, G1530-80650 (New)</strong></h5><p>Exhaust deflector assembly safely redirects heated exhaust from the oven fan away from surrounding components in Agilent GC systems.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€250.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/400">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>8. Agilent: Split/Splitless Inlet Module incl. EPC for GC 7890, G3452-60800 (New)</strong></h5><p>Complete inlet with EPC module for Agilent 7890 GC, ensuring consistent and accurate sample injection.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€2,600.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/394">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>9. Agilent: DPS-B Digital Power Supply Board, 01050-69374 (New)</strong></h5><p>Core electronic module responsible for providing regulated power and digital control interfaces to key subsystems within Agilent GC instruments.</p><ul><li><strong>Price</strong>: €300.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/363">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>10. Agilent: Split/Splitless Inlet Body, G3452-64000 (New / Refurbished)</strong></h5><p>Split/Splitless inlet body including heater/sensor and insulation, designed for use with Agilent 7890 GC systems.</p><ul><li><strong>Condition:</strong> New</li><li><strong>Price: </strong>€3,400.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/358">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li><li><strong>Condition:</strong> Refurbished</li><li><strong>Price:</strong> €2,600.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/327">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Agilent_Technologies_Split_Splitless_inlet_body_2_fcdc711b29.jpg" alt="Agilent: Split/Splitless Inlet Body, G3452-64000" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Agilent_Technologies_Split_Splitless_inlet_body_2_fcdc711b29.jpg 215w," sizes="100vw" width="1597" height="1161"></p><h5><strong>11. Agilent: Deactivated Sample Probe for G1888 Headspace Sampler, 2322700011 (New)</strong></h5><p>Deactivated sample probe for the G1888 headspace sampler ensuring clean transfer of volatiles with minimal adsorption for accurate GC analysis.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €250.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/551">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>12. Agilent: Small Circuit Board for 7694 Headspace Sampler, 415-305-HSP (New)</strong></h5><p>Small circuit board for the 7694A headspace sampler; detects carousel position for accurate vial alignment and reliable automated handling.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €250.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/550">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>13. Agilent: Sample Vial Motor Drive Belt for 7694 Headspace Sampler, 301-010-HSP (New)</strong></h5><p>Motor drive belt for the 7694A headspace sampler; ensures smooth vial handling and dependable autosampling.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €120.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/549">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>14. Agilent: Temperature Controller Board for G1888A Headspace Sampler, 3411500113 (New)</strong></h5><p>Temperature controller board (replaces board #1 or #2) for stable temperature control and reliable sample heating in the G1888A.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€350.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/548">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>15. Agilent: Horizontal Loader Drive Belt for 7694 Headspace Sampler, 301-007-HSP (New)</strong></h5><p>Horizontal loader drive belt for the 7694A; enables smooth vial transfer and reliable automated sample handling.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€95.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/547">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Agilent_Horizontal_loader_drive_belt_for_7694_headspace_sampler_301_007_HSP_2_6d8335ed2c.jpg" alt="Agilent: Horizontal Loader Drive Belt for 7694 Headspace Sampler, 301-007-HSP" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Agilent_Horizontal_loader_drive_belt_for_7694_headspace_sampler_301_007_HSP_2_6d8335ed2c.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="1275"></p><h5><strong>16. Agilent: Syringe Motor Assembly for 7673 ALS, 07673-60890 (New)</strong></h5><p>Syringe motor assembly for 7673A/7673B/G1513A ALS; delivers precise syringe control for consistent automated injections.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €215.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/546">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>17. Agilent: Turret Motor Assembly for 7673 ALS, G1513-60810 (New)</strong></h5><p>Turret motor assembly for 7673 ALS G1513A; ensures precise vial positioning for reliable automated injections.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €215.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/545">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul>

Keep Your GC Running: Essential Spare Parts for Every Lab

<p><strong>High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) are indispensable techniques across pharmaceuticals, biochemistry, food safety, and environmental testing. An LC system consists of pumps, autosamplers, columns, detectors, and thermostats – each designed to deliver precise flow rates, reproducible injections, and stable detection.</strong></p><p>Like all precision instruments, HPLC systems face wear and tear. Mechanical stress, high pressure, solvent exposure, and continuous operation gradually degrade critical parts.</p><h4><strong>Which Parts Break Down Most Often and Why?</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Pumps and valves:</strong> Solvent contact and pressure cycling cause seals, pistons, and valves to wear over time, leading to leaks or unstable flow.</li><li><strong>Autosamplers:</strong> Moving parts such as syringe motors, turret motors, and thermostats can fail after thousands of injection cycles.</li><li><strong>Detectors (UV, RID, FLD):</strong> Optical units, lamps, and flow cells degrade with time and exposure, reducing sensitivity and stability.</li><li><strong>Electronics and boards:</strong> Mainboards, flow sensors, and temperature controllers ensure precise operation, but age-related failures may occur.</li></ul><h4><strong>What Needs to Be Replaced Frequently?</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Pump seals, pistons, frits, and valves</strong> – regular maintenance items due to solvent and pressure stress.</li><li><strong>Autosampler consumables</strong> such as syringe assemblies, motor belts, and needles.</li><li><strong>Detector lamps, cells, and optical units</strong> to maintain sensitivity.</li><li><strong>Electronics modules</strong> when errors or instability appear in the system.</li></ul><p>Routine replacement of these parts reduces downtime, improves system stability, and ensures high-quality chromatographic data.</p><h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar?category=368"><strong>Offered HPLC Spare Parts</strong></a></h3><h5><strong>1.&nbsp;Agilent: Spare Parts Kit for LC Pumps, R007101667 (New)</strong></h5><p>Complete spare parts kit (R007101667) designed for LC systems, supporting a maximum flow rate of 10 mL.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €900.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/526">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>2. Agilent: HPLC/UHPLC Vacuum Pump, G1311-60007 (Refurbished)</strong></h5><p>Vacuum pump for HPLC/UHPLC systems; ensures efficient solvent degassing for stable baselines and reliable chromatography.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €1,00.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/522">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>3. Agilent: Gradient Valve Assembly for 1100 HPLC, G1311-67701 (Refurbished)</strong></h5><p>Gradient valve for Agilent 1100 HPLC; provides accurate solvent mixing and consistent delivery in gradient applications.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€1,350.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/491">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>4. Agilent: Optical Unit Assembly, RID Infinity II, G7162-60001 (Tested)</strong></h5><p>Factory-aligned optical unit for Agilent G7162 RID. Ensures stable and accurate RI detection in InfinityLab LC systems.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €2,500.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/479">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>5. Agilent: Mainboard for Autosampler, G7167-65850 (Tested)</strong></h5><p>Mainboard (G7167-65850), central control board for Agilent 1260 Infinity II Multisampler.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€1,800.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/460">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Agilent_Mainboard_Autosampler_1a16c6efa3.jpg" alt="Agilent: Mainboard for Autosampler, G7167-65850" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Agilent_Mainboard_Autosampler_1a16c6efa3.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="1275"></p><h5><strong>6. Agilent: Optical Unit for HPLC RI Detectors, G1362-60002 (Tested)</strong></h5><p>Micro optical unit for Agilent 1260 Infinity III RID; 2.5 µL cell, LED light, up to 148 Hz, temp control to 55 °C, built-in diagnostics.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€6,875.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/421">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>7. Agilent: Capillary Puller Tool (40 mm), G1964-60345 (Tested)</strong></h5><p>Specialized tool for safe and precise extraction or installation of 40 mm capillaries in Agilent LC/MS instruments.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€250.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/374">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>8. Agilent: Flow Sensor 100 µL, G1376-60002 (New)</strong></h5><p>Precision flow sensor enabling capillary LC pumps to operate at up to 100 µL/min.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€1,250.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/373">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>9. Agilent: Sample Thermostat, G7167-60101 (Refurbished)</strong></h5><p>Repair part for Agilent InfinityLab Sample Thermostat; ensures precise vial temperature control in LC systems.</p><ul><li>Available: 2× Refurbished</li><li><strong>Price:</strong> €3,300.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/362">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li><li>There are two thermostats of this type available – <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/360">detailed information about the second one is available here</a>.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Agilent_Infinity_Lab_Sample_Thermostat_Repair_Part_3_6d023b0b60.jpg" alt=" Agilent: Sample Thermostat, G7167-60101" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Agilent_Infinity_Lab_Sample_Thermostat_Repair_Part_3_6d023b0b60.jpg 218w," sizes="100vw" width="1574" height="1125"></p><h5><strong>10. Agilent: Infinity II Sample Thermostat, G7167-60201 (Refurbished)</strong></h5><p>Dedicated thermostat for 1260/1290 Infinity II Multisamplers; maintains vial and plate thermal stability before injection.</p><ul><li>Available: 2× Refurbished</li><li><strong>Price:</strong> €3,700.00 (manufacture year 2024) / €3,300.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/357">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li><li>There are two thermostats of this type available – <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/356">detailed information about the second one is available here.</a></li></ul><p><strong>11. Agilent: Infinity II Sample Thermostat, G7167-60201 (Repair Part)</strong><br>Replacement module for 1260/1290 Infinity II Multisamplers; ensures optimal sample integrity via thermal stability of vials/plates.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €3,300.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/bazaar/323">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul>

Keep Your LC Systems Performing: Essential Spare Parts for HPLC

<p><strong>Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) techniques such as ICP-MS and ICP-OES are indispensable for trace elemental analysis in environmental monitoring, materials science, geochemistry, and pharmaceuticals. These instruments rely on a stable plasma source, precise sample introduction, and robust vacuum systems to achieve high sensitivity and reliable data.</strong></p><p>Because ICP systems operate under extreme conditions—high-frequency RF power, corrosive acids, and high vacuum—certain components are especially prone to wear and failure.</p><h4><strong>Which Parts Break Down Most Often and Why?</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>RF Generators:</strong> Continuous plasma operation stresses RF components; degradation causes unstable plasma or ignition failures.</li><li><strong>Spray Chambers &amp; Torches:</strong> Exposed to acids and high temperature, leading to devitrification, clogging, or corrosion.</li><li><strong>Vacuum Pumps:</strong> High-duty operation leads to bearing wear and reduced pumping efficiency.</li><li><strong>Electronics &amp; Controllers:</strong> Essential for stable RF and vacuum control; aging electronics can cause intermittent failures.</li></ul><h4><strong>What Needs to Be Replaced Frequently?</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Cones, torches, nebulizers, spray chambers</strong> – high-wear consumables due to chemical and thermal stress.</li><li><strong>Vacuum pumps and pump controllers</strong> – replaced when performance declines or maintenance cycles are exceeded.</li><li><strong>RF generators</strong> – critical replacements when plasma ignition or stability issues appear.</li></ul><p>Proactive maintenance and timely replacement of these components ensures long-term reliability and accuracy of ICP-MS and ICP-OES systems.</p><h3><strong>Offered ICP Spare Parts</strong></h3><h5><strong>1.&nbsp;Agilent: Radio Frequency (RF) Generator for ICP-MS, G8400-67033 (Tested)</strong></h5><p>Delivers stable RF power for argon plasma in ICP-MS, ensuring efficient ionization, high sensitivity, and reliable performance.</p><ul><li>Available: 2× Tested</li><li><strong>Price:</strong> €7,500.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/bazaar/484">Detailed offer can be found here</a><br>There are two RF generators of this type available – <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/bazaar/520">detailed information about the second one is available here.</a></li></ul><h5><strong>2. Agilent: Inert Spray Chamber for 5000 Series ICP-OES &amp; MP-AES, G8014-68002 (New)</strong></h5><p>Inert double-pass spray chamber with removable baffle and ball joint outlet, designed for Agilent 5000 ICP-OES and MP-AES.</p><ul><li><strong>Price</strong>: €1,200.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/bazaar/482">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>3. Edwards: nEXT 200D200 V.160W Vacuum Pump (Tested)</strong></h5><p>High-performance turbomolecular vacuum pump for ICP-MS, MS, EM, and other demanding high-vacuum environments.</p><ul><li><strong>Price:</strong> €5,900.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/bazaar/456">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><h5><strong>4. Agilent: TURBO-V301 Navigator Turbo Pump with Controller (New)</strong></h5><p>Compact oil-free turbopump with Navigator controller; ideal for ICP-MS, GC/MS, LC/MS, microscopy, and semiconductor applications.</p><ul><li><strong>Price: </strong>€4,100.00</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/bazaar/379">Detailed offer can be found here</a></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Agilent_TURBO_V301_Navigator_Turbo_Pump_with_Controller_2_73a558b95f.jpg" alt="Agilent: TURBO-V301 Navigator Turbo Pump with Controller " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Agilent_TURBO_V301_Navigator_Turbo_Pump_with_Controller_2_73a558b95f.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1713" height="1285"></p>

Power Your Plasma: Essential Spare Parts for ICP-MS & ICP-OES

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 18th August 2025? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you poster by <strong>Agilent Technologies / ASMS </strong>and application note<strong> </strong>by<strong> Shimadzu!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies / ASMS: New Pollutant Screening of Environmental Samples Using High-Resolution GC/Q-TOF and Accurate Mass Spectral Library of Emerging Environmental Pollutants&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ps_7250_pdcl_library_pal3_suremass_asms_2025_thp_083_en_agilent_3f1ac53d50.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>This paper conducts qualitative and semi - quantitative analysis of complex GC/Q-TOF sample data by using high-resolution, accurate-mass gas chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/Q-TOF), an accurate mass spectral library of environmental pollutants specifically created for emerging pollutant screening, and analytical software with a screening process platform. Actual environmental water samples are used to verify the sensitivity, accuracy, and spiked recovery rate of the solution. All results confirm that this solution is simple, stable, and effective, providing technical support for emerging pollutant screening.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrument Analysis&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The samples were analyzed by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890+GC"><strong>Agilent 8890 GC</strong></a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7250+GC%2FQ-TOF"><strong>7250 high resolution accurate mass GC/Q-TOF system</strong></a>, It was configurated with a mid-column backflush setup (Figure 1). A 55.5 - min retention time locked GC oven temperature program is utilized which is listed in Table 1. The key mass spectrometry parameters of the GC/Q-TOF are as follows: It operates in the Electron Ionization (EI) mode with an energy of 70 electron volts, conducts detection in the time-of-flight scan mode within a mass-to-charge ratio range of 50 - 1000. The spectral acquisition rate is 5 Hz, and both the interface temperature and the source temperature are set at 280 °C. Data analysis is performed with the assistance of MassHunter data analysis software. The high-resolution accurate mass spectral library employed in the screening process is independently created by the laboratory.</p><h5><strong>Data Analysis&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>The data processing used Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=Masshunter+software"><strong>Masshunter data analysis software</strong></a>, including Suremass.&nbsp;</li><li>The target screening of new pollutants was based on an independently created by the laboratory GC/Q-TOF PCDL library<sup>1</sup>.</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Based on the currently collected list of new pollutants, a truly meaningful new pollutant PCDL high-resolution spectral library has been created.&nbsp;</li><li>This work demonstrated a total workflow for targeted screening and semi-quantification in real water sample.&nbsp;</li><li>The confidence in identification of new pollutants was enhanced by stable RT and excellent mass accuracy as a result of using an RTL backflush method and highresolution accurate mass measurement.</li></ul><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Analysis of SAF Using Comprehensive Two- Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC× GC)&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00862_en_f1ee0a435f.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>By comparing chromatograms obtained as two-dimensional images, it can be utilized for quality control Inspection of SAF.</li><li>Changing the column combination customizes separation characteristics to the sample composition.</li><li>Utilizing the FASST (Fast Automated Scan/SIM Type) allows for the simultaneous analysis of the composition of SAF and the quantitative analysis of antioxidants.</li></ul><p>SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) produced from waste cooking oil, used paper, and sugarcane has gained attention in recent years from the perspective of achieving a carbon neutral society. The physical properties of SAF,such as combustibility, vary depending on its components. Therefore, component analysis of SAF is crucial; however, since SAF is a mixture of various hydrocarbons, complete separation of each component is extremely challenging. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), which utilizes the separation characteristics of two different types of columns, is an effective method for analyzing SAF with such a complex composition. Additionally, the GCMS-QP2050 enables ultra-fast scanning (30,000 u/sec), which improves the separation of adjacent peaks and allows for high-precision qualitative analysis(Application News No.01-00788-EN).</p><p>In this application, two types of SAF (A and B) and one intermediate product from the SAF production process (C) were measured using a combination of GC×GC with a non-polar column as the first column and a medium-polarity column as the second column. The two-dimensional images allow for a visual representation of the composition distribution, making quality control Inspection. Moreover, high separation of paraffins and naphthenes using a combination of a medium-polar column as the first column and a non-polar column asthe second column, as well as the quantification of antioxidants in SAF, which are regulated by concentration in ASTM D2425 will be introduced.</p><h5><strong>System Configuration</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>GC Model</strong>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexis%E2%84%A2+GC-2030"><strong>Nexis GC-2030</strong></a> / <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=AOC-30i"><strong>AOC-30i</strong></a></li><li><strong>MS Model</strong>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=GCMS-QP2050"><strong>GCMS-QP2050</strong></a> (TMP exhaust: 255 L/sec)</li><li><strong>Injection Port</strong>: SPL</li><li><strong>Modulator: </strong>ZX1 thermal modulator (ZOEX corp.)</li><li><strong>Nitrogen generator: </strong>MT-24F (System Instruments Co., Ltd.)</li><li><strong>Software</strong>:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Labsolutions+GCMS"><strong>Labsolutions<sup>TM</sup> GCMS</strong></a></li><li>GC Image (GC Image, LLC)</li></ul></li><li><strong>Library: </strong>NIST Mass Spectral Library</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Three SAF samples were measured using a combination of lowpolar to medium polar columns and compared the twodimensional images. The two-dimensional images allow for intuitive comprehension of the distribution of each component, making it easy to identify differences in composition and conducting quality control Inspection. Additionally, in the measurement of SAF using a combination of medium-polar to non-polar columns, the separation of paraffins and naphthenes was improved. Furthermore, by utilizing the FASST, composition analysis of SAF and quantitative analysis of antioxidants were simultaneously performed, which are regulated by concentration in ASTM D2425.</p>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 34, 2025

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 18th August 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies </strong>and <strong>Waters Corporation</strong> and technical notes by<strong> Shimadzu </strong>and <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Deciphering the Microbiome: Targeted LC/MS/MS Analysis of Bile Acids in Biological Samples</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_deciphering_microbiome_bile_acids_samples_5994_8263en_agilent_dc02f26cab.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>BA analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is both critical and challenging due to the inherent complexity of bile acids. These compounds encompass a wide range of structurally similar and isomeric species that often exhibit nearly identical mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) and retention times. This similarity makes achieving baseline separation and accurate identification particularly difficult.&nbsp;</p><p>Additionally, bile acids are relatively stable molecules that do not typically undergo extensive fragmentation in a mass&nbsp;spectrometer. Additionally, the more challenging fragmentation complicates the differentiation of isomeric bile acids emphasizing the need for a standardized method also leveraging retention times.&nbsp;</p><p>Compounding these issues, many of the microbiota-produced bile acid species are typically present at low concentrations in biological samples, which often contain matrix components that can lead to ion suppression or enhancement. These matrix effects can interfere with accurate quantification, further complicating the analysis. Moreover, the need for high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish closely related bile acid species adds another layer of complexity.&nbsp;</p><p>To address these challenges, standardized and highly optimized chromatographic methods, advanced mass spectrometric techniques, and robust sample preparation protocols are essential. Together, these strategies enhance the reliability of BA analysis, enabling accurate profiling for both research and clinical research applications.&nbsp;</p><p>A previously described LC/TQ method was used to analyze 26&nbsp;bile acids.1 This present study introduces a new method using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D+LC%2FTQ"><strong>6495D LC/TQ</strong></a> with fourth-generation ion funnel technology, which improves sensitivity and expands the scope for the analysis of 68 unique bile acids in complex matrix. This bile acid method is compatible and consistent with the Agilent Standardized LC/MS platform for omics analysis and is easily transferable in the laboratory and therefore suitable for rapid delivery of new insights.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The LC/MS platform consisted of a 6495D triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with fourth-generation iFunnel technology, coupled with an Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+II+Bio+LC"><strong>1290 Infinity II Bio LC</strong></a> system with the Agilent standardized configuration for omics applications. The acquisition method is fully compatible with an Agilent 6495C model and a regular stainless‑steel Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC with the same standard omics&nbsp;configuration. All methods using the Infinity II LC systems are fully compatible with Infinity III LC systems and give identical method performance.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>MS data were acquired using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+acquisition+software"><strong>MassHunter acquisition software</strong></a> 12.1, which includes built-in source and compound optimizer tools for method development. Agilent&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+Qualitative+Analysis"><strong>MassHunter Qualitative Analysis</strong></a> 12.0 software was used to visualize the acquired dataset and assess data quality before&nbsp;quantification.&nbsp;</p><p>Bile acid levels from the LC/MS/MS datasets were quantified using MassHunter Quantitative Analysis 12.0 software. Quantitation methods for both relative and absolute measurements were developed using one of the quality control (QC) injections. Statistical analysis was performed with Agilent&nbsp;Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) 15.1.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>A robust and standardized targeted dynamic-MRM LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of bile acids was developed on an Agilent 6495D triple quadrupole/LC platform. Optimal bile acid extraction conditions from plasma and fecal samples were established along with LC/MS conditions that allowed the measurement of a large panel of bile acids in a single chromatographic run. This analytical method is highly versatile and applicable to both plasma/serum and fecal samples, offering valuable insights into systemic and gut-specific bile acid profiles. In plasma, it provides a reliable means to assess circulating bile acids, which are key indicators of liver function, metabolic health, and disease states. In fecal samples, the method enables detailed profiling of bile acids involved in gut microbiota interactions and intestinal health, shedding light on digestion and enterohepatic circulation dynamics.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Enhancing Selectivity in Reversed-Phase Analysis Through Effective Utilization of Mobile Phase pH</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c190_e335_442eed699a.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>When analyzing ionizable compounds, the pH of the mobile phase plays a crucial role in improving peak shape and separation. However, conventional silica-based columns have limitations in utilizing high-pH mobile phases. Additionally, while polymer-based columns can operate across a wide pH range, they have drawbacks such as lower mechanical strength and column efficiency. In this technical report, we present examples of measurements conducted using mobile phases with various pH levels, employing the Shim-pack Scepter and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Shim-pack+NovaCore+columns"><strong>Shim-pack NovaCore columns</strong></a>—organic silica hybrid columns that combine the advantages of silica-based columns with exceptional high-pH durability.</p><h4><strong>2. The Relationship Between Compound Ionization and Mobile Phase pH</strong></h4><p>Figure 1 shows the relationship between the pKa of the compound and the pH of the mobile phase. The horizontal axis represents the value obtained by subtracting the pKa of the compound from the pH of the mobile phase. In general, the ionization ratio of weakly acidic compounds is known to become 1 % (nearly neutral) when the pH is 2 below their pKa. Conversely, when the pH is 2 above the pKa, the ionization ratio becomes 99 % (nearly ionized). On the other hand, weakly basic compounds are known to ionize 99 % (nearly ionized) when the pH is 2 below their pKa. Conversely, when the pH is 2 above the pKa, the ionization ratio becomes 1 % (nearly neutral).</p><h4><strong>3. Suppression of Ionization in Basic Compounds&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>In the case of basic compounds, the pH of the mobile phase must be high in order to suppress ionization. However, in general, traditional silica-based columns such as C18 with silica gel as the base particle may begin to disintegrate when the pH exceeds 7, so a high-pH mobile phase may not be usable. On the other hand, polymer-based particles have the advantage of being usable over a wide pH range from 1~14, but their mechanical strength and separation efficiency are lower than silica-based columns. Therefore, it is ideal to have a column that combines the advantages of silica-based and polymer-based packing material. The Shim-pack Scepter and Shim-pack NovaCore meet these needs (see Table 1).</p><h4><strong>4. Organic Silica Hybrid Columns in the Shim-pack Series&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The fully porous Shim-pack Scepter and the core-shell Shim-pack NovaCore columns use organic silica hybrid material for the base particles to maintain the high physical strength of traditional silicabased columns while significantly improving their durability under high pH conditions. Figure 2 shows the change in column performance when a high-pH mobile phase is delivered for an extended period. This confirms the high pH durability of Shim-pack Scepter and Shimpack NovaCore compared to column A, a traditional silica-based column.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Configuring a combustion-ion chromatography system using a complete workflow&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_003773_ic_ic_systems_Combustion_IC_System_environmental_tn003773_na_en_v9_358da61ec1.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Analyzing samples with complex matrices can be challenging due to the incompatibility of the sample’s physical properties with the analytical technique. For example, ionic halide content can only be measured by ion chromatography (IC) when the sample is fully dissolved in a liquid, preferably water, extracted, or washed off the surface of a solid material. Combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC) has the advantage of eliminating complex sample matrices to directly measure the total halogens and total sulfur.<sup>1-5</sup> C-IC has been demonstrated for halide determinations in other challenging liquid matrices, such as tea and wastewater.<sup>6,7</sup> In addition, adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF), in conjunction with C-IC, has been demonstrated and incorporated into U.S. EPA Method 1621 to screen for perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water samples.<sup>8-14&nbsp;</sup></p><p>A new C-IC total workflow system has been introduced: the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2150"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion Ion Chromatography System</strong></a>. It includes a standalone sample preparation module, the Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion/Absorption Module, and an autosampler that can be configured for solid or liquid samples. A standalone Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ LPG/gas Module is also an option.&nbsp;</p><p>In this technical note, we describe the configuration and operation of the Cindion C-IC system with the following configurations: Cindion combustion/absorption Module with Cindion autosampler and each of numbers 1-4 below.&nbsp;</p><ol><li>Solids sampler and with the offline Cindion adsorption module needed for U.S. EPA Method 162115&nbsp;</li><li>Solids sampler&nbsp;</li><li>Liquids sampler&nbsp;</li><li>Eluent monitor with any configuration</li></ol><h4><strong>Instruments&nbsp;</strong></h4><h5><strong>Cindion C-IC system:&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Cindion combustion/absorption module (P/N B51006425) with Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ C-IC Solids Kit (P/N B51006427)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Solids/Liquids Autosampler (P/N B51006429)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Adsorption Module (P/N B51006430) that includes 6 column holders&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1078"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Inuvion™ </strong></a>with Reagent-free Ion Chromatography (RFIC™) System (P/N 22185-60108)&nbsp;</li><li>Optional Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Inuvion™ Eluent Monitor, 4 L (P/N 22185-62708)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Muffle Furnace, 2 L small bench top, to clean combustion cups, (Thermo Scientific FB1415M, Fisher Scientific 10-552) – recommended for U.S. EPA Method 1621</li></ul><h5><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</strong></a>, version 7.3.2 MUd with Cindion C-IC and eluent monitor drivers.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This technical note provides comprehensive guidance on configuring and operating the full Cindion C-IC system workflow. The system offers a complete workflow, starting from offline sample preparation for AOX analysis, progressing through combustion and absorption, and concluding with IC analysis. It includes an autosampler for solids and liquids, along with an optional module for compressed and liquefied gases, ensuring versatility in sample handling. The Z-fold combustion tube is designed to introduce oxygen at multiple points and create an extended flow path that enhances combustion efficiency while minimizing length. To minimize devitrification, the system introduces water only during combustion. Additionally, Chromeleon CDS seamlessly controls Cindion C-IC system operation and data processing.</p><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Slalom-Aided Anion Exchange Chromatography for Enhanced Analysis of Plasmid DNA Topological Impurities</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008928_en_7fae99acf4.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Benefits&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Baseline resolution of DNA isoforms achieves complete separation of supercoiled, open circular, and linear forms of pBR322, ΦX174 RFI/RFII, and Cas9 plasmid</li><li>Dual mode retention mechanism demonstrates separation driven by both anion exchange and flowdependent slalom chromatography mechanisms</li><li>Single method offers broad applicability using a single gradient method on the Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column to analyze diverse nucleic acid structures with flow rate optimization to achieve desired selectivity through slalom effects</li></ul><p>In the present study, for the first time, the synergy between traditional AEX and slalom retention mechanisms using a Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column has been systematically investigated. More specifically, two experimental variables have been purposely manipulated to optimize the separation of 3 unique plasmids. The salt gradients (for AEX selectivity) and shear force-inducing flow rates were adjusted to optimize the slalom-based selectivity of the separations. The dual-mode AEX–slalom separation was evaluated and optimized for three biologically relevant DNA constructs: ΦX174 RF I/II (5.4 kbp), pBR322 (4.4 kbp), and a 7.0 kbp Cas9-encoding plasmid. Using defined mobile phase conditions consisting of Tris buffer with 5% urea and a precisely controlled sodium chloride (NaCl) gradient, flow-rate-dependent resolution of OC, L, and SC topological forms was observed. The resulting data elucidates key operational parameters that can be leveraged to significantly enhance resolution, method reproducibility, and scalability, ultimately achieving a powerful analytical approach tailored for emerging gene therapy applications.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>LC Conditions</strong></h5><p><strong>LC system:&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/191"><strong>ACQUITY™ Premier System</strong></a> with:</li><li>Binary Solvent Manager (BSM, p/n: 186018000)</li><li>Flow-Through Needle Sample Manager (SMFTN, p/n: 186018002)</li><li>Column Manager-A (CM-A, p/n: 186018003)&nbsp;</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This application note demonstrates the utility of Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column and strong anion-exchange chromatography for resolving the three plasmid DNA isoforms, supercoiled (SC), open circular (OC), and linear (L), across a wide range of DNA sizes, including pBR322 (4.361 kbp), ΦX174 RF I/II (5.386 kbp), and the pCMVCas9 (7.037 kbp) plasmid. Using a mobile phase system containing 5% urea and a NaCl gradient, the method achieved excellent resolution of all topological forms by tuning the flow rate applied throughout the gradient method. Notably, this strategy offers a streamlined alternative to traditional method development approaches that require manual changes in mobile phase additives or compositions. Indeed, flow rate was found to influence resolution significantly due to the difference in entropic elasticity of DNA plasmid (open-circular, supercoiled) and linear isoforms. For example, optimum flow rates were found to be equal to 0.8, 0.5, and 0.3 mL/min for the separation of pBR322, ΦX174 RFI RFII Mixture, and pCMV-Cas9 plasmids, respectively. Higher flow rates are needed to increase the retention of shorter linear DNA isoforms relative to the open circular plasmid. These results highlight the method’s adaptability and precision for analyzing plasmid topology, providing analysts with enhanced control critical for assessing identity, integrity, and purity in plasmid-based therapeutics and gene therapy workflows.</p>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 34, 2025

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 34, 2025

<p><strong>In the week of August 25, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><h4><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</h4></blockquote><h5><strong>1. GERSTEL: Uncovering the Cause – Identifying Off-Odors with Sensory Directed Analysis</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 26.8.2025 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5406">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how Sensory Directed Analysis (SDA) pinpoints trace off-odors in complex samples using GC-MS, human nose, and advanced extraction techniques.</p><h5><strong>2. Separation Science: Green Chemistry in Forensic and Clinical Toxicology: HF-LPME in Action</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 26.8.2025 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5352">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how HF-LPME aligns with green chemistry by reducing solvent use, enabling miniaturization, and simplifying workflows—shown through real-world toxicology and NPS case studies.</p><h5><strong>3. Restek Corporation: Clean + Fast: Improve Productivity for Pesticides Analysis with Resprep FL + CarboPrep Plus SPE</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 26.8.2025 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5415">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how dual-bed Resprep FL+CPP SPE cartridges improve cleanup of soil and water extracts, extend column life, reduce maintenance, and deliver more reliable pesticide data.</p><h5><strong>4. Agilent Technologies: How Critical is Spectral Range to Identification of Microplastics?</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 26.8.2025 21:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5046">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn about the impact of narrowing the IR spectral range from 4,000–650 cm⁻¹ to 1,800–975 cm⁻¹ on the identification of microplastics using three different IR microscopic techniques.</p><h5><strong>5. GERSTEL: From Aroma to Insights – Identifying Key Sensory-Active Compounds</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 27.8.2025 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5407">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore how SDA with GC-MS and the human nose uncovers key aroma compounds in bourbon and perfume, enhanced by ADA, NIF, and advanced GC techniques.</p><h5><strong>6. LECO: Explore Complex Environmental Samples for PFAS-Related Compounds Using HR-TOFMS and Spectral Analysis Software Tools</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 27.8.2025 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5388">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover advanced methods for detecting PFAS in household dust and complex environmental samples using HR-TOFMS and spectral analysis software.</p><h5><strong>7. MDPI: Advancements in Analysis of Biomarkers via Gas Chromatography</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 28.8.2025 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5416">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join MDPI Separations’ free webinar on chromatographic biomarker analysis. Hear experts discuss GC innovations, VOC profiling, and breath biomarkers shaping medicine and health.</p><h5><strong>8. Agilent Technologies: Simplified Measurement of Content Distribution of Pharma Tablets</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 28.8.2025 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/3905">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this session, imaging of pharmaceutical ingredients in tablets will be discussed.</p>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 35/2025

<p><strong>In the week of August 25, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><h4><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>4 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</h4></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Mining the multi-ome</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 26.8.2025 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5401">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how the Orbitrap Astral enables integrated proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics in multiomics research, tackling challenges from sample prep to data analysis.</p><h5><strong>2. SelectScience: How to achieve consistent results with automated cultivation workflows</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 26.8.2025 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5363">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how automated incubators and microplates enhance bioprocessing precision, scalability, and productivity in this expert-led session from Thermo Fisher and Enzyscreen.</p><h5><strong>3. Restek Corporation: Clean + Fast: Improve Productivity for Pesticides Analysis with Resprep FL + CarboPrep Plus SPE</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 26.8.2025 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5415">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how dual-bed Resprep FL+CPP SPE cartridges improve cleanup of soil and water extracts, extend column life, reduce maintenance, and deliver more reliable pesticide data.</p><h5><strong>4. Phenomenex: Simple Drug Testing Solutions for Complex Samples</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 27.8.2025 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5317">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore SPE, biphenyl LC columns, and matrix cleanup strategies to streamline LC-MS/MS drug analysis in clinical and forensic toxicology.</p><h5><strong>5. Waters Corporation: Next-Level Zeta Potential Measurement with the DynaPro ZetaStar</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 27.8.2025 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5318">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover DynaPro ZetaStar innovations including air gap automation and Flow ELS. Achieve precise zeta potential analysis, even in high-salt or low-volume samples.</p><h5><strong>6. Shimadzu Corporation: How Built-In AI Functions in HPLC Systems Accelerate Productivity in QA/QC Labs</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 27.8.2025 20:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5413">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join Shimadzu’s webinar on Aug 27 to see how Advanced i-Series HPLCs with Analytical Intelligence streamline QA/QC workflows, boost efficiency, and ensure GMP compliance.</p><h5><strong>7. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Untargeted Metabolomics and Lipidomics in Endometriosis</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 28.8.2025 14:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5402">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore targeted vs. untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics in endometriosis research using advanced MS techniques, tackling challenges from data curation to laser tuning.</p>

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 35/2025

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LabRulez

Thermo Fisher Scientific Environmental & Food Safety Workshop Series 2026

Thermo Fisher Scientific at SOFT/TIAFT 2026

Bruker at SOFT-TIAFT 2026

Learn How FTIR Can Help You with Contamination and Poor Product Quality

How to Perform Routine Quantification by FTIR: Tips & Tricks Workshop

Probing Structure, Ion Dynamics and Interfacial Reactivity in Energy-Storage Materials by Solid-State NMR