<p><strong>This study investigates the concentrations and bioaccessibility of essential trace elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in commonly consumed edible plants. Using multiple physiologically relevant extraction methods, the work assesses both total and bioaccessible fractions to better estimate dietary intake.</strong></p><p>Monte Carlo simulations revealed variability in nutrient exposure, with most intake levels within recommended ranges but some cases indicating potential deficiencies or excess. The results highlight the importance of incorporating bioaccessibility and realistic exposure modeling into nutritional assessments and dietary risk evaluations.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c10365"><strong>Essential Trace Elements in Edible Plants: Balancing Nutritional Benefits and Potential Health Risks</strong></a></h4><p>Agata Stolecka*, Pilar Ortiz Sandoval, and Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska</p><p>J. Agric. Food Chem. 2026, 74, 8, 7084–7097</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c10365">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c10365</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><p>Many trace elements are essential micronutrients required in minute amounts, yet they are indispensable for the structural and functional integrity of living organisms. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> As a subgroup of micronutrients, alongside vitamins and antioxidants, they play vital roles in supporting regenerative processes, defending against oxidative stress, and maintaining immune function in metabolically active tissues. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> Despite their low concentrations in biological systems, they serve as cofactors for numerous enzymatic reactions and contribute to essential physiological processes such as oxygen transport, redox balance, and cellular metabolism. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3−5)</a> In line with the WHO <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a> and Frieden <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> classifications, this study focuses on the essential trace elements (ETEs), namely cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), all of which have well-established roles in human nutrition and are integral to maintaining both general and oral health. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> Deficiency in the aforementioned elements can lead to a range of health problems. Co, as a component of vitamin B12, is critical for red blood cell formation and neurological function; its deficiency may result in megaloblastic anemia and neurological impairments. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9)</a> Cu is essential for iron metabolism, antioxidant defense, and connective tissue synthesis; inadequate intake can lead to anemia, weakened immunity, impaired growth and development (especially in children), osteoporosis, abnormal cholesterol metabolism, and neurological disturbances. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> Fe deficiency remains one of the most widespread nutritional problems globally and is the leading cause of anemia, fatigue, and impaired cognitive and immune function. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> Mn is involved in bone development, metabolism, and antioxidant enzyme activity; low levels can impair growth, fertility, and glucose regulation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Zn is vital for immune response, wound healing, and DNA synthesis; deficiency can cause growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, and increased susceptibility to infections. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> While maintaining adequate levels of these trace elements is crucial for overall health and physiological functioning, excessive intake may also pose health risks. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14,15)</a> The margin between beneficial and toxic doses is broad for some bioelements but narrow for others, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of their concentrations in the food supply. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a></p><p>The mineral content of edible plants, a major dietary source of essential elements, is influenced by numerous factors, including plant genotype (cultivar), soil properties, weather conditions, and agricultural practices such as fertilizer application during fruiting and maturation stages. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> Consequently, the concentration of trace elements in plant-based foods can vary widely, affecting both their nutritional value and their potential to contribute to dietary exposure risks. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> Customarily, the assessment of ETEs in edible plants has relied on total concentration (TC) measurements, which assume complete gastrointestinal absorption. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19−21)</a> While this approach is commonly used to estimate nutritional contributions, it does not account for the fact that only a fraction of the ingested element may be bioaccessible and available for absorption during digestion. As a result, it may lead to either over- or underestimation of both health benefits and potential adverse effects. To better reflect human exposure, a range of in vitro extraction methods have been developed to simulate the bioaccessibility of elements under gastric and/or intestinal conditions. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(22,23)</a> These methods vary in terms of chemical reagents, pH levels, and complexity. For example, the BCR 3-step extraction targets chemical elements associated with different binding forms, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(24)</a> while the USEPA 1340 simulates acidic gastric conditions relevant to lead bioaccessibility. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(25)</a> More advanced protocols, like ISO 17924:2018 and the BARGE Unified Bioaccessibility Method (UBM), replicate digestive phases using physiologically relevant fluids. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(22,26)</a> Simpler methods, such as SBET and PBET, aim to simulate one or both digestion phases under controlled laboratory conditions. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(27,28)</a> In the context of ETEs such as Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, evaluating bioaccessibility is crucial for accurate dietary intake estimates. These elements play key roles in numerous physiological functions, and both deficiencies and excess intake can affect human health. However, limited data exist on how the choice of extraction method affects estimates of their dietary contribution and associated noncarcinogenic risks.</p><p>To address this gap, the present study evaluates Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in vegetables, fruits, and cereals using seven extraction methods. The results are used to estimate both the nutritional contribution and the potential health risks from dietary intake. To incorporate variability and uncertainty in dietary exposure, such as metal concentrations, consumption patterns, and body weight, Monte Carlo simulations were applied. This probabilistic approach enables a more robust evaluation of nutrient intake and safety, providing insights that can inform dietary guidelines and regulatory decisions. The main objective of the study was to investigate how different extraction methods, simulating gastrointestinal bioaccessibility, may impact the estimation of both nutritional contribution and potential risks. In this study, the contribution of five ETEs, namely Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, to a healthy diet and the potential health risks associated with their intake were evaluated. The detailed objectives of the study were to 1) investigate concentrations of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in three plant categories, namely vegetables, fruits, and cereals, using the following seven extraction methods: Total Content (TC), three-step extraction procedure (BCR), USEPA SW-846 Test Method 1340: In Vitro Bioaccessibility Assay for Lead in Soil (USEPA), ISO 17924:2018 Soil quality─Assessment of human exposure from ingestion of soil and soil material─procedure for the estimation of the human bioaccessibility/bioavailability of metals in soil (ISO), the BARGE (Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe) unified bioaccessibility method (UBM), Simple Bioavailability Test (SBET), and Physiologically Based Extraction Test (PBET); 2) use Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the nutritional contribution and noncarcinogenic risk from dietary intake of these ETEs, based on Polish food consumption data; and 3) address variability and uncertainty in dietary exposure through probabilistic modeling with Monte Carlo simulations.</p><h4><strong>2. Materials and Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.3. Instrumental Analysis</strong></h5><p>The concentrations of investigated ETEs were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (<strong>ICP-MS) (ELAN 6100</strong>; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) in the case of Co or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (<strong>ICP-OES) (OPTIMA 7300DV</strong>; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) in the case of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 6020B and ISO 17294-2:2003 protocols.</p><h4><strong>4. Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>4.2. Estimated Nutrient Intake (ENI)</strong></h5><p>Estimated Nutrient Intake of ETEs (50th percentile) from all edible plants intake from Monte Carlo simulations is shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c10365#fig2">Figure 2</a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/J_Agric_Food_Chem_2026_74_8_7084_7097_Figure_2_Estimated_Nutrient_Intake_ENI_of_ET_Es_based_on_the_50th_percentile_of_all_investigated_edible_plant_intake_from_Monte_Carlo_simulations_7ad01eb189.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2026, 98, 9, 6589–6597: Figure 2. Evaluation of CoD screening prediction performance of LCMS-Net in comparison to benchmark models. The prediction performance of a classifier is measured by accuracy, macro F1-score, macro sensitivity, and macro specificity over five model runs. The error bars represent the standard deviations between model runs." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_J_Agric_Food_Chem_2026_74_8_7084_7097_Figure_2_Estimated_Nutrient_Intake_ENI_of_ET_Es_based_on_the_50th_percentile_of_all_investigated_edible_plant_intake_from_Monte_Carlo_simulations_7ad01eb189.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2092" height="852"></p><h5><strong>4.3. Human Health Risk Assessment</strong></h5><p>Noncarcinogenic risk (HQ) values for 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the determined concentrations of investigated ETEs in vegetables, fruits, and cereals calculated using Monte Carlo simulations are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c10365#fig3">Figure 3</a>, and the same values for the sum of edible plants consumed are presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c10365#fig4">Figure 4</a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/J_Agric_Food_Chem_2026_74_8_7084_7097_Figure_3_Noncarcinogenic_HQ_risk_values_for_investigated_trace_elements_from_various_extraction_methods_4f2d9ee942.jpg" alt="J. Agric. Food Chem. 2026, 74, 8, 7084–7097: Figure 3. Noncarcinogenic (HQ) risk values for investigated trace elements from various extraction methods according to Polish statistical consumption of edible plants, vegetables, fruits, and cereals separately." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_J_Agric_Food_Chem_2026_74_8_7084_7097_Figure_3_Noncarcinogenic_HQ_risk_values_for_investigated_trace_elements_from_various_extraction_methods_4f2d9ee942.jpg 110w," sizes="100vw" width="1822" height="2583"></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/JAGRIC_2_76102decb2.jpg" alt="J. Agric. Food Chem. 2026, 74, 8, 7084–7097: Figure 4. Noncarcinogenic (HQ) risk values for investigated trace elements from various extraction methods according to Polish statistical consumption of the sum of edible plants." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_JAGRIC_2_76102decb2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1877" height="896"></p><p>Due to concentrations below the LOQ, HQ values could not be calculated for several ETEs in vegetables, fruits, and cereals across the different extraction methods. For instance, Co in cereals yielded measurable concentrations only under the TC method, whereas Fe in vegetables was consistently above the LOQ for all extraction methods, allowing HQ estimation in each case. These results indicate that the efficiency of element recovery is both element- and matrix-dependent and that no single extraction protocol is universally optimal for all ETE–matrix combinations.</p><p>Considering HQs that were successfully simulated across most elements (particularly Co, Cu, and Fe), the TC method produced the highest HQ values, exceeding the risk threshold (HQ = 1) at the 95th percentile for Co and Cu. The 95th percentile HQ for Co under TC reached 1.05 in vegetables and 2.77 in fruits, staying below the safety threshold for cereals, while for Cu it reached 4.30 in vegetables, 1.83 in fruits, and 1.08 in cereals, indicating potential overestimation if full bioavailability is assumed. For Fe the risk was lower, staying below the threshold in all cases, but TC still displayed the highest values in most cases with the 95th percentile HQ reaching 0.66 in vegetables, 0.39 in fruits, and 0.43 in cereals. The only exception to this trend was the 95th percentile risk for Fe in vegetables, where the ISO intestinal yielded 0.87.</p><p>In contrast, bioaccessibility-based methods (e.g., UBM, PBET, SBET, and BCR) generally generated lower HQs, often falling below the threshold. For example, 95th percentile Co HQ values under UBM gastric and intestinal extractions were ∼0.75 in vegetables, while USEPA was 0.56 and SBET, PBET, and BCR yielded &lt;0.50. A similar trend was observed for Cu, where UBM intestinal yielded 0.58 vs 4.30 under TC.</p><p>However, Mn and Zn showed distinctively different patterns. For Mn in cereals, the USEPA method produced a median HQ of 5.18 and 15.7 at the 95th percentile, far higher than all the other methods, including the TC method (median 0.32). For Zn in vegetables, ISO gastric (0.39) and intestinal (0.37) extractions gave median HQs higher than that of TC (0.27).</p><h5><strong>4.7. Implications</strong></h5><p>This study shows that the extraction method choice greatly affects Estimated Nutrient Intake (ENI) and dietary exposure assessments of essential trace elements in edible plants. Simulated gastrointestinal methods, reflecting human physiology, generally report lower concentrations than the TC method, indicating that relying on total concentrations alone can overestimate intake by ignoring bioaccessibility, a key factor in accurate risk assessment.</p><p>ENI assessments help evaluate nutrient over- or underexposure but may miss health risks. Monte Carlo-based Hazard Quotient (HQ) analysis provides a more precise dietary risk estimate by accounting for bioavailability and intake variability. This combined approach is crucial for essential elements, balancing deficiency and toxicity concerns.</p><p>For most elements, ENI values matched recommended intakes, but variations occurred by element, food group, and extraction method. Some simulations indicated possible insufficient intake risks (e.g., Co and Fe in certain plants), while others showed overexposure risks (notably, Cu and Mn) when assuming full bioavailability from total concentrations. These results highlight the need to include realistic bioaccessibility in dietary nutrient assessments.</p><p>Comparing HQ values across plant types and elements, the study highlights how vegetables, fruits, and cereals contribute differently to nutritional risk. This comprehensive approach offers a clearer picture of dietary exposure than analyses based on only total concentrations or single foods. While most essential trace elements posed no immediate risk under realistic bioaccessibility assumptions, Co and Cu results indicate a potential for excessive intake.</p><p>Our results revealed that UBM, ISO, PBET1, and BCR1 methods provide the most reliable estimates of ETE bioaccessibility in edible plants, while TC tends to overestimate and simpler methods (SBET, PBET2) may underestimate exposure. Incorporating bioaccessibility-corrected data and considering food matrix-specific factors are essential for accurate dietary risk assessments and effective public health management.</p><p>In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of incorporating physiologically relevant extraction methods into dietary risk assessment to complement the total concentration data in food safety and nutrition research. The results may inform future regulatory frameworks, dietary guidance, and fortification strategies. Further research should focus on validating in vitro bioaccessibility with in vivo evidence, exploring nutrient–contaminant interactions, and expanding assessments across diverse diets and populations to strengthen the evidence base for nutrition policy development.</p></div>

Essential Trace Elements in Edible Plants: Balancing Nutritional Benefits and Potential Health Risks

<p><strong>In the week of April 20, the following webinars await you in the field of gas / solid phase and especially Raman, FTIR, GC and GC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><div><div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Agilent Solutions for Natural Gas Analysis in Coal-to-Gas Acceleration</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6057">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This session covers the holistic landscape, followed by an in-depth look at how the Agilent workflow is specialized and flexible to support operational agility.</p><h5><strong>2. SelectScience: What’s in your hydrogen? Analytical toolkits for fuel purity analysis</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6055">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this dual-session webinar on hydrogen impurity testing and ISO 14687 fuel quality. Learn how GC, GC-MS, IC, and FTIR workflows support safe, compliant hydrogen production and fuel-cell applications.</p><h5><strong>3. Bruker: Introduction to Photothermal AFM-IR for Infrared Spectroscopists</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6109">Registration</a></li></ul><p>With photothermal atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), chemical identification at the nanoscale is achieved by measuring local IR spectra directly at the AFM tip.</p><h5><strong>4. Agilent Technologies: Pesticide Residues &amp; Fumigants Edition</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 08:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5955">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Food Safety Webinar Series – Part 2: Pesticide Residues &amp; Fumigants Edition. Explore LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS workflows, QuEChERS extraction, and regulatory reporting under Codex and EU frameworks.</p><h5><strong>5. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Chromeleon Admin Console III: Data management and automation</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6126">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this practical session, we’ll dive into more Administration Console capabilities that help you manage and standardize your setup at scale.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Webinars LabRulezGCMS Week 17/2026

<p><strong>In the week of April 20, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Metrohm: Copper deposition baths: Advanced analytical solutions for development and monitoring</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 09:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6123">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover a multi-method approach to copper plating bath analysis combining titration, CVS, XRF, and pH measurement for improved process control, data reliability, and production quality.</p><h5><strong>2. Bruker: Exploring the Caenorhabditis elegans lipidome in 4D</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6106">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Combining chromatography, trapped ion mobility, accurate mass and fragment information enables confident discovery and annotation of novel lipids in this key model organism.</p><h5><strong>3. Technology Networks: Episode 3: PFAS in Food – Addressing Contamination in the Food Supply Chain</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6108">Registration</a></li></ul><p>PFAS contamination in food is an emerging analytical and regulatory challenge, especially as testing expands beyond water into complex food and animal protein matrices.</p><h5><strong>4. Agilent Technologies: Getting the Most from Your Agilent LCMS System</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5740">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, we will discuss best practices and preventative maintenance tips to help maximize your instrument’s uptime.</p><h5><strong>5. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Mass spectrometry strategies to power drug discovery</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6097">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this first master class session, explore how advanced mass spectrometry strategies are powering the next generation of drug discovery through chemoproteomics.</p><h5><strong>6. SCIEX: PFAS first steps: A roundtable for new analysts</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6103">Registration</a></li></ul><p>PFAS roundtable webinar for new analysts covering troubleshooting, workflow optimization, and regulatory readiness with expert insights from LC-MS specialists and industry professionals.</p><h5><strong>7. SelectScience: What’s in your hydrogen? Analytical toolkits for fuel purity analysis</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6055">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this dual-session webinar on hydrogen impurity testing and ISO 14687 fuel quality. Learn how GC, GC-MS, IC, and FTIR workflows support safe, compliant hydrogen production and fuel-cell applications.</p><h5><strong>8. Separation Science: Testing PFAS in Biosolids: From Sample Preparation to Interference Separation</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6124">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how robust analytical approaches can deliver confident results, even in the most challenging wastewater and biosolid samples.</p><h5><strong>9. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Automated direct mRNA sequence mapping using online partial RNase T1 digestion and 2D LC-MS</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6110">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar highlights a fully automated 2D LC-MS workflow for rapid, high-coverage mRNA characterization.</p><h5><strong>10. SCIEX: Unlocking SCIEX OS software: automating acquisition, analysis, and 21 CFR part 11 compliance reporting</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6125">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join us to discover how the powerful capabilities of SCIEX OS Software help laboratories improve efficiency, reduce manual steps, and maintain data integrity.</p><h5><strong>11. Thermo Fisher Scientific: From experts to applications: Screening protein-drug interactions with HT-PELSA</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6098">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Part 2 of the Chemoproteomics Master Class explores HT-PELSA with Orbitrap Astral MS, showing peptide-level ligand binding analysis for target discovery, specificity, and drug pipeline insights.</p><h5><strong>12. Agilent Technologies: Pesticide Residues &amp; Fumigants Edition</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 08:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5955">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Food Safety Webinar Series – Part 2: Pesticide Residues &amp; Fumigants Edition. Explore LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS workflows, QuEChERS extraction, and regulatory reporting under Codex and EU frameworks.</p><h5><strong>13. Agilent Technologies: Enhancing Peptide and Oligonucleotide Analysis with Ultra Inert HPLC Technology</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6134">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how ultra-inert HPLC columns improve LC analysis of peptides and oligonucleotides by minimizing metal interactions and enhancing peak shape, sensitivity, and reproducibility.</p><h5><strong>14. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Chromeleon Admin Console III: Data management and automation</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6126">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this practical session, we’ll dive into more Administration Console capabilities that help you manage and standardize your setup at scale.</p><h5><strong>15. Waters Corporation: Informatics series #31 Empower Advanced Custom Fields - Examples</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 11:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5923">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how to use Advanced Custom Fields in Empower to streamline calculations, improve reporting, and ensure validation-ready, compliant data processing.</p><h5><strong>16. Waters Corporation: A Multi-Residue Approach - Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals, and Personal Care Products</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6112">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Navigating challenges and opportunities for environmental testing labs under the revised EU Water Framework Directive.</p><h5><strong>17. Waters Corporation: Analysis of Glyphosate, Glyphosinate and AMPA in water without the need of derivatisation</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 15:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5926">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn about required method conditions and instrumentation for Glyphosate, Glyphosinate and AMPA analysis in water without the need of derivatisation.</p><h5><strong>18. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Insights from an IC specialist: Are you using the right eluent?</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6127">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join the IC Ask the Experts session to learn practical eluent management strategies, optimize ion chromatography workflows, and get answers to your real-world analytical challenges.</p><h5><strong>19. Waters Corporation: Managing Process Performance in Stage 3 Process Validation: Regulatory Expectations for Continued Process Verification</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6060">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this webinar to gain practical insights into regulatory expectations for CPV and strengthen your approach to maintaining process performance throughout the product lifecycle.</p><h5><strong>20. Thermo Fisher Scientific: High-throughput activity based protein profiling - Systematic mapping of covalent drug-protein interactions on a proteome-wide scale</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 19:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6099">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Part 3 of the Chemoproteomics Master Class highlights activity-based proteome profiling and covalent screening to accelerate target identification and drug discovery using scalable MS workflows.</p><h5><strong>21. Agilent Technologies: Advancing and Characterizing Next-Gen Antibody Conjugates: Insights from BBB-Targeting Antibody Platforms</strong></h5><ul><li>Fr, 24.4.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6128">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover next-generation antibody therapeutics, BBB-targeting platforms, and LC-QTOF workflows for advanced characterization of complex antibody-drug and oligonucleotide conjugates.</p>

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 17/2026

<p><strong>In the week from April 20, the following webinars await you in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and spectrometry</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Metrohm: Copper deposition baths: Advanced analytical solutions for development and monitoring</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 09:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6123">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover a multi-method approach to copper plating bath analysis combining titration, CVS, XRF, and pH measurement for improved process control, data reliability, and production quality.</p><h5><strong>2. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Lunch and Learn Tips and Tricks Series: Qtegra Part 2</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 12:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5976">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Part two explores efficient Qtegra ISDS workflows and integrated tools designed to improve laboratory productivity and enhance trace elemental analysis quality.</p><h5><strong>3. C&amp;EN: NMR-augmented Workflows: Most Modern Integration into Laboratories</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6107">Registration</a></li></ul><p>From high resolution instruments in smaller footprints to smarter software that enhances data quality and streamlines analysis.</p><h5><strong>4. Agilent Technologies: Accurate Determination of Chlorine Isotope Ratio Analysis by 8900 ICP-MS</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 21.4.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6047">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This session discusses techniques for low level chlorine analysis and isotope ratio on the 8900 QQQ-ICPMS.</p><h5><strong>5. SelectScience: What’s in your hydrogen? Analytical toolkits for fuel purity analysis</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 10:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6055">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join this dual-session webinar on hydrogen impurity testing and ISO 14687 fuel quality. Learn how GC, GC-MS, IC, and FTIR workflows support safe, compliant hydrogen production and fuel-cell applications.</p><h5><strong>6. Bruker: Introduction to Photothermal AFM-IR for Infrared Spectroscopists</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 22.4.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6109">Registration</a></li></ul><p>With photothermal atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), chemical identification at the nanoscale is achieved by measuring local IR spectra directly at the AFM tip.</p><h5><strong>7. Mettler-Toledo: How to Determine Specific Heat Capacity by DSC</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/5736">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Explore six DSC techniques for measuring specific heat capacity and understand its importance in material performance, processing, and safety. Join the live webinar.</p><h5><strong>8. Bruker: EDS Analysis of Fibers, Polymers, and Ceramics – Best Practices</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 23.4.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/webinar/6111">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Different EDS measurement approaches using conventional geometry and an annular approach (QUANTAX FlatQUAD) making the best choice for challenging analytical tasks.</p>

Webinars LabRulezICPMS Week 17/2026

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezGCMS Library in the week of 20th April 2026? Check out new documents from the field of the gas phase, especially GC and GC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT GCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies </strong>and<strong> Shimadzu, </strong>brochure by <strong>BaySpec </strong>and<strong> </strong>presentation by <strong>MDCW / William &amp; Mary!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Aromatic Amines in Textile Samples</strong></h3><p><strong>Using hydrogen carrier gas and an Agilent 8890 gas chromatography system coupled with an Agilent 5977C GC/MSD with an Agilent HydroInert source</strong></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_amines_textile_gcms_5994_8997en_agilent_1a9ca88e41.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Azo dyes, characterized by the azo group (–N=N–), represent the largest class of synthetic organic colorants, accounting for approximately 70% of the global dye market with over 3,000 variants in use.<sup>1</sup> Their widespread application in textiles, leather, plastics, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals is attributed to their low cost, colorfastness, and structural versatility. Global textile dye production exceeded 1 million tons in 2020.1 Despite their industrial significance, azo dyes pose serious environmental and health concerns.<sup>1,2 </sup>Up to 15% of these dyes are discharged into wastewater or solid waste streams, and as much as 40% may be lost during textile processing. Resistant to degradation, they persist in ecosystems and can release harmful aromatic amines under certain conditions.<sup>1</sup> Numerous GC/MS-based analytical methods are available for the estimation of amine compounds. These methods use helium as the carrier gas. For a sustainable analytical solution, there is a need for an alternative carrier gas to overcome the challenges occurring due to helium scarcity.&nbsp;</p><p>The method adopted for this application note demonstrates the use of hydrogen as a carrier gas in the Agilent 8890 gas chromatography system coupled with the Agilent 5977C GC/MSD using a HydroInert source for the quantification of aromatic amines residues in textile&nbsp;samples.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890"><strong>Agilent 8890 Gas Chromatography System</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=5977C"><strong>Agilent 5977C GC/MSD</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This application note presents key strategies for the analysis of amines using GC/MS with hydrogen as the carrier gas, while maintaining sensitivity to meet the maximum residue limits (MRLs) as mentioned in part 1 of ISO:14362. The method includes an Agilent J&amp;W DB-35ms column (20 m × 0.18 mm, 0.18 µm) and a hydrogen‑compatible electron ionization source, the Agilent HydroInert source. The optimized setup with hydrogen showed good chromatographic resolution. The HydroInert source was shown to provide good sensitivity. The method presented here allowed for the quantitation of 24&nbsp;target amines analytes at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 20 µg/mL in an aqueous standard. Good repeatability was found with %RSD values below 5 for 22 of the 24&nbsp;compounds. Real world textile samples were also analyzed using the same method and three target compounds—aniline, o-toluidine, and benzidine—were observed as present in those samples.</p><h3><strong>2. BaySpec: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2221"><strong>Ion-K9</strong></a><strong> The World’s First Portable, Non-Contact Trace Vapor Detector</strong></h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AFT_u_MS_flyer_final_e882bcb462.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/2221"><strong>Ion-K9</strong></a> represents a breakthrough in trace detection technology as the world’s first portable, non-contact vapor detector. Designed for rapid and reliable field deployment, this system enables real-time identification of trace-level threats without the need for direct sample contact. By utilizing advanced vapor sampling and mass spectrometry, it provides a safe and efficient solution for detecting hazardous substances in security, forensic, and environmental applications .</p><p>At the core of the Ion-K9 is a miniature linear ion trap mass analyzer combined with a non-radioactive ionization source, allowing detection of a wide range of explosives and narcotics. The system achieves ultra-high sensitivity down to parts-per-trillion levels (pptv), ensuring reliable identification of compounds such as TNT, RDX, fentanyl, and methamphetamine. Its ability to operate in both positive and negative ion modes further enhances detection flexibility across diverse chemical classes .</p><p>The instrument is engineered for operational reliability in real-world environments, offering a low false alarm rate below 0.001% while maintaining detection rates above 99.999%. An integrated Intel® Core™ i7 system with a touchscreen interface provides intuitive operation and immediate visual feedback, enabling users to quickly assess whether a threat is present and access detailed analytical data when needed .</p><p>With its compact, portable design and capability for battery operation, the Ion-K9 is well suited for deployment in airports, border control, law enforcement, and emergency response scenarios. By combining high sensitivity, rapid analysis, and non-contact sampling, it delivers a powerful tool for modern security and analytical workflows, ensuring both efficiency and operator safety in demanding environments.</p><h3><strong>3. MDCW / William &amp; Mary: Developing a Combined Approach to Green Gunshot Residue Analysis in the Forensic Laboratory</strong></h3><ul><li>Presentation</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/O_24_Saunders_f2c5bcdb20.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><section><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>The growing adoption of environmentally friendly (“green”) ammunition presents new analytical challenges for forensic laboratories, particularly in the detection of gunshot residue (GSR). Traditional approaches rely heavily on identifying inorganic particles containing heavy metals such as lead, barium, and antimony. However, green ammunition eliminates these markers, producing residues composed of more ubiquitous materials that are significantly harder to detect and interpret. This shift necessitates the development of new analytical strategies capable of identifying both inorganic and organic components of GSR.</p><p>To address this challenge, a combined analytical approach integrating scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) was developed. SEM-EDS enables detailed morphological and elemental characterization of particles, identifying features such as size, shape, and elemental composition. In parallel, GC×GC provides enhanced separation and detection of organic gunshot residue (OGSR), offering significantly improved resolution and peak capacity compared to conventional one-dimensional GC methods.</p><p>Method development focused on optimizing GC×GC parameters, including inlet temperature, modulation period, and chromatographic conditions, to improve analyte detectability. As illustrated by chromatographic data, optimized conditions led to better separation and increased visibility of key compounds compared to standard methods. The approach was validated using multiple standards, including phthalates, nitroaromatic compounds, nitroglycerin, and gun surveillance mixtures, demonstrating reliable identification of relevant analytes in complex matrices.</p><p>Overall, this integrated workflow represents a promising strategy for modern GSR analysis, particularly for samples derived from green ammunition. By combining inorganic particle characterization with advanced organic residue analysis, the method enhances analytical confidence and expands the capability of forensic laboratories. Future work will focus on further method refinement, including sorbent-based extraction techniques and the incorporation of retention indices, to strengthen robustness and support admissibility under forensic standards.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><h3><strong>4. Shimadzu: Simple Aroma Component Analysis Using </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=gc-2060"><strong>Nexis GC-2060</strong></a><strong> with a Multi-Mode Inlet (MMI) Detectors</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01165_en_9af6a30e20.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>User Benefits</strong></h5><ul><li>By installing an MMI in a Nexis GC-2060 system, a wide variety of injection methods can be used .</li><li>By using a MonoTrap silica monolith sorbent to collect aroma components, highly sensitive analysis can be achieved without cumbersome extraction procedures.</li><li>With the MMI thermal desorption/extraction mode, aroma components can be analyzed without dedicated sample-preparation equipment.</li></ul><p>Given that aroma is an important attribute of foods, gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are often used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of aroma components. Aroma components are typically collected from foods using headspace sampling, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), or liquid extraction methods, but for this article, a MonoTrap silica monolith sorbent was used to collect aroma components from alcoholic beverages. With the MonoTrap, aroma components can be collected and concentrated without cumbersome extraction procedures, enabling highly sensitive analysis.&nbsp;</p><p>In this case, aroma components were analyzed using a Nexis GC-2060 gas chromatograph system equipped with a MultiMode Inlet (MMI). The MMI is a newly developed inlet that supports a wide range of injection methods. This article describes using the thermal desorption/extraction mode, one of the methods available with the MMI, to desorb the aroma components collected on the MonoTrap sorbent and inject them into the GC unit. That enabled highly sensitive aroma analysis while reducing analysis costs, without using dedicated sample-preparation equipment.</p><h4><strong>Overview of the Multi-Mode Inlet (MMI)</strong></h4><p>The Nexis GC-2060 can be equipped with a Multi-Mode Inlet (MMI) (Fig. 1 (right)), a new type of inlet . The MMI is a newly developed inlet that allows many injection methods to be used with a single inlet—not only the commonly used split/splitless injection methods, but also programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV) injection, direct injection, large volume injection, and thermal desorption/extraction methods . It supports a wide range of applications across many fields, including analyzing pesticide residues in foods using largevolume injection and aroma analysis using thermal desorption. Because the MMI enables rapid temperature ramping at rates up to 1200 °C/min, it can suppress peak broadening. In addition, by selecting optional cooling with compressed air or liquid nitrogen, analysis cycle times can be shortened with fast cooling. The GC-2060 also comes standard with the “Easy sTop” function, which allows inlet maintenance to be performed immediately with simple steps, enabling smooth maintenance operations, such as insert replacement, even after cooling.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>By analyzing aroma components using the Nexis GC-2060 in combination with a Multi-Mode Inlet (MMI) and a MonoTrap silica monolith sorbent, aroma characteristics of respective alcoholic beverages could be analyzed and evaluated easily without dedicated sample-preparation equipment and without performing cumbersome extraction procedures. Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere gratitude to President Shiro Yamada and Mr. Dai Takai of Far Yeast Brewing Co., Ltd., and to President Narihiro Suzuki and Mr. Takuma Yamamiya of ISEKADO (Isekadoya Brewery) for their cooperation in conducting these measurements.</p>

News from LabRulezGCMS Library - Week 17, 2026

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 17, 2026

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezICPMS Library in the week of 20th April 2026? Check out new documents from the field of spectroscopy/spectrometry and related techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT SPECTROSCOPY/SPECTROMETRY RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezLCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you white paper by <strong>Metrohm </strong>and application notes by<strong> Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific </strong>and<strong> Waters Corporation!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Metrohm: Why switch to OMNIS Client/Server (C/S)?</strong></h3><ul><li>Other document</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/WP_097_EN_3a0ff88144.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>This White Paper outlines the key benefits of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=220&amp;search=OMNIS+software"><strong>OMNIS</strong></a>, highlighting its scalability, cost-saving potential, and the positive impact it lends to overall business performance. The following sections cover more specific advantages of OMNIS, providing detailed insights into how this innovative solution can transform server management and drive significant cost reductions. Whether you are a small business looking to optimize your IT infrastructure or a large enterprise seeking to enhance operational efficiency, OMNIS offers a robust and scalable solution that can meet your needs.&nbsp;</p><p>The cost savings for two different scenarios are calculated in this White Paper: medium- and large-scale organizations. For mid-sized environments involving 20 laboratory locations, the OMNIS Client/Server solution offers significant savings by reducing the number of servers tenfold—from 20 to just 2. For large-scale organizations with 60 laboratory locations worldwide, the solution enables substantial cost reductions by decreasing the number of servers from 60 to 6. These calculations demonstrate the scalability and costeffectiveness of the OMNIS Client/Server solution across various customer environments.</p><h4><strong>COMPARISON OF TIAMO™ MULTI AND OMNIS CLIENT/SERVER&nbsp;</strong></h4><h5><strong>SCALABILITY&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><strong>tiamo™ multi Limitations&nbsp;</strong></p><p>A dedicated tiamo™ multi server is needed for each laboratory location.</p><p><strong>OMNIS C/S Advantages&nbsp;</strong></p><p>OMNIS C/S offers exceptional scalability, allowing businesses to easily expand their server infrastructure as needed. This means that as the business grows, OMNIS can seamlessly accommodate increased demand without compromising performance or efficiency. OMNIS is designed to scale up over many locations and countries without any negative impact on performance in a wide area network installation (WAN). By reducing the number of servers required to support operations, OMNIS C/S helps organizations achieve significant cost savings. This includes lower hardware costs, reduced energy consumption, and decreased maintenance expenses, resulting in substantial annual savings.</p><h5><strong>ANALYSIS METHODS</strong></h5><p><strong>tiamo™ multi Limitations&nbsp;</strong></p><p>tiamo™ was designed as a pure titration measurement software solution.</p><p><strong>OMNIS C/S Advantages&nbsp;</strong></p><p>OMNIS is designed as a multiple measurement technology platform currently supporting titration, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and process analytics. The platform will be continuously extended to support even more measurement technologies and devices in the future</p><h4><strong>CONCLUSION&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The OMNIS Client/Server solution offers a transformative approach to managing server infrastructure for laboratory environments through centralization. By leveraging its unique scaling features, OMNIS enables significant cost savings and increased operational efficiency for both medium- and large-scale organizations.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Measurement of Fixed Carbon, Volatile Matter, and Ash of Biocoke</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_01136_en_c6a762bf92.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>The fixed carbon, volatile matter, and ash of biocoke can be measured by the DTG-60.</li><li>The combustion characteristics of biocoke can also be evaluated by using the DTG-60.</li><li>TG-DTA measurement can simultaneously grasp the endothermic and exothermic behaviors during pyrolysis and combustion, allowing a more comprehensive evaluation.</li></ul><p>Biocoke is a type of solid fuel produced using plant-derived organic resources (biomass) as the raw materials. Biocoke enables high-temperature combustion over an extended time period, and has also attracted attention as a zero-emission fuel which does not generate waste in the production process. It is produced by heating biomass under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. A stable fuel with high compressive strength can be obtained by this process, allowing easy transportation and storage, as well as long-term preservation. As a fuel for industrial furnaces and boilers, biocoke is used as a substitute for conventional fossil fuels. It is also expected to be used as a sustainable energy source because its CO2 emissions are lower than those of fossil fuels. The diversity of the raw materials that can be used to produce biocoke, which include woody materials and agricultural residues, is also another feature.&nbsp;</p><p>In this article, the volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash of biocokes produced from waste wood and buckwheat husks were evaluated using a Shimadzu DTG-60 simultaneous TG/DTA.</p><h4><strong>Evaluation of Combustion Characteristics by TG-DTA Measurement</strong></h4><p>TG-DTA measurements of the size-adjusted waste wood biocoke and buckwheat husk biocoke were conducted under an air atmosphere.</p><ul><li><strong>Instrument: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=DTG-60"><strong>DTG-60&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>Heating rate: </strong>10 ˚C/min&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Temperature range:</strong> 30 ˚C - 700 ˚C&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Sample weight: </strong>8 mg&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Atmosphere: </strong>Air</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>The combustion characteristics and fixed carbon content of waste wood biocoke and buckwheat husk biocoke were evaluated using a DTG-60 simultaneous TG/DTA. TG-DTA measurement is an effective method which can determine the combustion characteristics of biocokes under an air atmosphere and the composition ratio of the volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash under a nitrogen atmosphere. Moreover, TG-DTA enables a more comprehensive evaluation, as the endothermic and exothermic behaviors during pyrolysis and combustion can be measured simultaneously. Since the properties of various types of biocokes differ depending on the raw material used and the production conditions, TG-DTA measurement is also useful for comparative studies of biocoke quality. In addition, when a mixture of various types of biomass is to be used, it is important to know the carbon content (fixed carbon content) of each raw material.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Classification of polyethylene by Raman spectroscopy</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_52301_classification_polyethylene_Raman_spectroscopy_app_note_05122821c5.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most common plastics in the world with annual global production of around 80 million tons.<sup>1</sup> Based on density, polyethylene is generally classified as high-density polyethylene (HDPE, &gt; 0.940 g/cm3 ) or low-density polyethylene (LDPE, &lt; 0.930 g/cm3 ).<sup>2</sup> These different density polyethylene’s have vastly different physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, and hence are used in different applications. For example, HDPE is primarily used for milk jugs, detergent bottles, garbage containers, and water pipes, due to its high tensile strength; LDPE, on the other hand, has a lower tensile strength and is used mainly for plastic bags and wraps. Therefore, density is one the most important properties of polyethylene, and classifying them according to their density is essential for proper PE specification.&nbsp;</p><p>Bulk PEs are manufactured as pellets (resins, granules), and later converted to other forms (such as films and pipes) using extrusion or molding processes. They are also made into multilayer films for a wide range of industrial applications like food and consumer product packaging. The density of bulk PE pellets and single-layer PE films can be measured and classified with relative ease using several standard techniques: ISO 1183-1/ASTM D792 (immersion method),<sup>3</sup> ISO 1183-2/ASTM D1505 (density gradient method),<sup>4</sup> and ASTM D4883 (ultrasound method).<sup>5</sup> However, all these techniques require the PE in its “pure” form, which can be challenging in the case of PE in multilayer films. Extensive sample preparations (microtoming, separation of layers by dissolving in solvents) are often required6 to isolate the PE layer before analysis, which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming.&nbsp;</p><p>Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to changes in the molecular structure level of PE, such as the degree of crystallinity, which is the key determining factor of PE density.<sup>7,8 </sup>More importantly, the confocal capability of Raman microscopy allows for facile in situ analysis of individual PE layers in multilayer films without the need to isolate the PE layer. To our best knowledge, PE density measurement using Raman has been limited to PE pellets.<sup>7,8</sup> In this work, we want to systematically explore the feasibility of using confocal Raman microscopy for PE film density analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We demonstrate that Raman microscopy in combination with the discriminant analysis method can be successfully applied to distinguish HDPE and LDPE in both pellet and film forms.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Method description</strong></h5><p>A <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=DXR2+Raman+microscope"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ DXR2 Raman Microscope</strong></a> was used for the collection of Raman data. For each type/class of the pellet samples, Raman spectra were collected from 3 different pellets and averaged. For each film sample, Raman spectra were collected from 3-4 locations across the surface of the sample. An averaged spectrum was then used for final analysis.</p><p>A 532 nm laser was used with a 2 mW laser power at the sample. A 10x objective and a 50 μm slit aperture were used to obtain more representative spectra from the samples. Total acquisition time for each spectrum was 30 seconds (3 second exposure x 10 exposures). <strong>Thermo Scientific™ OMNIC™ software</strong> was used for operation of the DXR2 Raman Microscope, and collection of Raman spectra; <strong>Thermo Scientific™ TQ Analyst™ software</strong> was used for chemometric analysis of the Raman data.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>In this application note, we have successfully demonstrated the use of a Thermo Scientific DXR2 Raman Microscope, in combination with the TQ Analyst software, to classify polyethylene’s of different density classes in both pellet and film forms. Raman spectroscopy is nondestructive and requires minimal sample preparation. The classification method was created solely based on the Raman spectral features of LDPE and HDPE and was indifferent to the sample forms. Once the method is established, PE samples, pellets or films, can be correctly classified within minutes. Moreover, this work expands the scope of the previously reported study on PE pellets to include PE films, which broadens its applicability in the plastic/ polymer industry as well as many downstream industries. The described methodology should be applicable for in situ classification of thin PE layer(s) in multilayer films. The data were collected using an older model instrument DXR2 Raman microscope. Currently, Thermo Fisher Scientific offers an improved model, the DXR3 Raman Microscope, which offers superior speed and performance over its predecessor model.</p><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Rapidly Distinguish Protein from Non-Protein Particles in Biologic Formulations</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009101_en_b4370d547c.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Current subvisible analysis techniques make accurate particle identification virtually impossible. Light obscuration (LO) is a low refractive index contrast particle counting method which cannot distinguish between different particle types. Flow imaging (FI) techniques provide more information than LO, including particle images, morphological parameters and optical characteristics of particles. However, none of these features definitively identify the type of particle imaged. Flow imagers for example cannot distinguish between plastic, protein, and degraded polysorbate which are all very similar in morphology. Technologies available for detailed chemical composition ID such as Raman microscopy/spectroscopy have been used to fill in the gaps left by particle counters; however, they are tedious, require lots of expertise and extensive signal processing, and have the throughput of a single particle per several minutes of use, making the technique useful only to expert users during failure mode analysis.&nbsp;</p><p>In order to fully characterize particulates and aggregates in biopharmaceutical product formulations, further information about the identity of all the particulates is crucial. Regulatory agencies expect drug manufacturers to move away from simple counting techniques and apply multiple and orthogonal methods to complement compendial methods.&nbsp;</p><p>In this application note we introduce fluorescence membrane microscopy (FMM). FMM, exclusively available in the Aura™ System, is a high throughput, low volume, subvisible particle identification technology. FMM enables ultra-fast, 100% sampling efficiency, characterizing all particles from a single protein aggregate to tens of millions of particles in an entire multi-sample formulation, in under two hours.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><p>Fluorescence membrane microscopy (FMM) is a novel particle identification method that builds on backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI) to identify, categorize, and further scrutinize the most common particles in an entire bioformulation sample by using established extrinsic fluorescent dye chemistries.&nbsp;</p><p>BMI, the backbone analysis technology used in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/products/2190"><strong>Aura</strong></a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=horizon"><strong>Horizon®</strong></a> instruments, images a 96-well membrane plate before and after sample filtration, and conducts novel, high optical contrast image analysis to resolve particles from 1 µm to 5 mm in size, with a large &gt;36/mL counts dynamic range. Using fluorescent dyes, biopharmaceutical particles are stained and analyzed with FMM to confirm and quantify their presence. To enable FMM, Aura uses new membrane plates specifically manufactured to support labeled fluorescent workflows.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>FMM using ThT allows one to conduct high throughput, low volume and specific protein/non-protein particle analysis. The power of FMM using ThT is the ability to obtain protein/non-protein ID for a whole 96-well plate assay down to a single individual particle in less than 90 minutes. ThT’s high solubility and specificity to protein aggregates makes it possible to differentiate protein aggregates from particles with similar morphology and refractive index like plastics and fatty acids. Compared to spectroscopic techniques, the throughput of FMM is 1000x higher, while using best in class particle sizing and counting analysis that has its roots in the wellestablished membrane microscopy found in USP 788.</p>

News from LabRulezICPMS Library - Week 17, 2026

Elucidation of Dual Antimicrobial and Anti-Parkinsonian Activities through an In-Silico Approach of Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. in the Context of the Gut–Brain Axis

<p><strong>This study investigates the optimization and functional properties of kombucha enriched with </strong><i><strong>Prunus spinosa</strong></i><strong> juice and bee products (propolis, pollen, and bee bread). Advanced analytical techniques (HPLC–DAD, LC–MS/MS) revealed enhanced phenolic, amino acid, and antioxidant profiles, with bee bread enrichment showing the highest overall bioactive content and sensory acceptance.</strong></p><p>Propolis-enriched kombucha exhibited the strongest in vitro antidiabetic activity, while pollen enrichment provided the highest amino acid levels. Despite partial losses during digestion, significant retention of bioactives suggests potential postdigestive benefits. These findings highlight the potential of enriched kombucha as a functional beverage with nutraceutical value.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00008"><strong>From Chemistry to Functionality: HPLC–DAD/LC–MS/MS Characterization of Bee Product-Enriched Prunus spinosa L. Kombucha with In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity and Bioaccessibility</strong></a></h4><p>ACS Omega 2026, 11, 8, 14048–14063</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c00008">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c00008</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><p>Kombucha tea, a traditionally fermented beverage, is believed to have originated as early as 200–300 BC. In recent decades, it has attracted growing global interest due to its recognized health-promoting properties and its deep cultural roots. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> Sweetened tea derived from <i>Camellia sinensis</i> is transformed into kombucha through fermentation carried out by a SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast), a mixed culture of yeasts and bacteria that forms a cellulose-rich biofilm throughout the process. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a> SCOBY represents a symbiotic consortium of microorganisms that comprises various yeast genera, including <i>Saccharomyces</i>, <i>Schizosaccharomyces</i>, <i>Zygosaccharomyces</i>, <i>Brettanomyces/Dekkera</i>, and <i>Pichia</i>, as well as both acetic and lactic acid bacteria. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> During fermentation, the sugars formed contribute a mild sweetness to the tea, whereas the organic acids synthesized by acetic acid bacteria are responsible for its distinctive sour flavor. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> Kombucha tea is traditionally brewed using black tea; however, alternative versions can also be produced with other types of tea. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> It has been reported that herbal infusions and fruit juices can also be used for fermentation with the kombucha culture, and due to their chemical composition, these substrates have been shown to serve as promising alternatives. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a> The antioxidant potential of kombucha tea is primarily linked to its abundant phenolics, with flavonoids playing a significant contributory role. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> A high anthocyanin content tends to enhance the antioxidant capacity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(8)</a> The antioxidant activity of kombucha tea can be improved by incorporating anthocyanin-rich fruits. Accordingly, the use of wild fruits with high anthocyanin content─such as <i>Prunus spinosa</i> L. (blackthorn), <i>Prunus laurocerasus</i> (cherry laurel), and <i>Rubus idaeus</i> (red raspberry)─has been considered a practical way to improve the beverage’s nutritional, functional and sensorial properties. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9)</a></p><p>Propolis is a naturally occurring material that honeybees gather from the resins of different trees and the buds of various plants. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(28,29)</a> Propolis is a chemically complex matrix comprising more than 300 identified components, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their ester derivatives, and is associated with a wide range of biological activities such as antiviral, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(30−34)</a> Minerals and vitamins are also present in high concentrations in propolis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(28)</a> Bee pollen is formed when bees agglutinate pollen grains using their saliva, nectar, or honey and store them in granular form in their honeycomb cells. The key role of bee pollen is to ensure the colony’s survival by providing the necessary nutrients, thereby supporting development and maintenance processes. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(35)</a> Bee pollen is a natural product rich in bioactive compounds. More than 250 bioactive compounds have been identified in bee pollen derived from different plant species. These basic chemical components include lipids, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins, and bioelements. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(36)</a> Exhibits antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and anticancer properties thanks to its rich and versatile component mixture. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(37,38)</a> Many of these have demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic. They have shown promising results in the treatment of diabetes and obesity, and their potential as natural therapeutic agents has been evaluated. They have been found to increase insulin sensitivity, reduce oxidative stress, regulate appetite, adjust obesity-related hormone levels, and strengthen antioxidant defense systems. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(39,40)</a> The antimicrobial effect of bee bread has been extensively studied. Bakour et al. found that different bacterial species and fungi are sensitive to the hydromethanolic bee bread extract. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(41)</a> A vital bee byproduct, bee bread is formed after the pollen gathered by bees is enriched with nectar and bee saliva, leading to an ensuing lactic acid fermentation process inside the hives. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(42)</a> Bee bread is high in nutrition, with significant carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. It is a rich source of vitamins, phenolic compounds, minerals and essential amino acids, and exhibits multiple chemical activities. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(43,44)</a></p><p>The Response Surface Method (RSM) is one of the statistical optimization approaches. This method uses empirical modeling techniques to identify relationships between independent variables and the system response using experimental data. It also allows for determining optimal conditions for achieving the desired outcome by evaluating the effects of process variables on the system response. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(45−47)</a></p><p>Previous studies have not extensively investigated the sensory parameters (color, taste, smell, and general acceptance) of kombucha tea enriched with <i>P. spinosa</i> L. and bee products using RSM. The primary aim of this study was to optimize the sensory properties of kombucha formulations enriched with <i>P. spinosa</i> L. and bee-derived ingredients (bee bread, propolis, and pollen) using RSM to determine the most acceptable formulation. While many studies have examined kombucha enriched with various fruit and plant infusions, none have specifically investigated the impact of <i>P. spinosa</i> L. and bee products on kombucha’s sensory and bioactive properties. The study also evaluated the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (DPPH•), total anthocyanin content (TAC), phenolic profile (HPLC), microbiological quality, and levels of organic acids amino acids and in vitro bioaccessibility in the developed samples, as well as their antidiabetic activity. RSM-based optimization offers a new methodological approach. It is expected to yield valuable data. This data will improve the functional and disease-fighting properties of kombucha.</p><h4><strong>2. Materials and Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.9. Analysis of Phenolic Compounds (HPLC)</strong></h5><p>Chromatographic separation was carried out on an ACE Genix C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm; Agilent), following the procedure reported by Portu et al. (2017). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(56)</a> Phenolics were characterized using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1260+LC"><strong>Agilent 1260 HPLC</strong></a>–DAD system operated under gradient conditions at 30 °C with a flow rate of 0.80 mL/min. The mobile phase comprised solvent A (water supplemented with 0.1% phosphoric acid) and solvent B, applied according to a predefined gradient program. Samples were injected at a volume of 10 μL, and chromatograms were recorded at 280, 320, and 360 nm. Quantitative results were reported as μg/mL.</p><h5><strong>2.10. Analysis of Organic Acids (HPLC)</strong></h5><p>HPLC was used to determine organic acid profiles, following a method adapted with minor modifications from Coelho et al. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(57)</a> Organic acids were analyzed using an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1260+LC"><strong>Agilent 1260 Infinity LC HPLC system</strong></a> fitted with refractive index (RID) and diode array (DAD) detectors. Samples were filtered through a 0.45 μm syringe filter, and a 20 μL aliquot was injected into an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1260+LC"><strong>Agilent Hi-Plex H ion-exchange column</strong></a> (300 × 7.7 mm). Chromatographic separation was carried out using 10.0 mM H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, with the column temperature set to 65 °C and the RID cell maintained at 35 °C. The total run time was 20 min. DAD additionally monitored tartaric, pyruvic, and acetic acids at 210 nm. Quantitative determination was carried out using external calibration standards, and the results were reported in g/L.</p><h5><strong>2.11. Determination of Free Amino Acids (LC–MS)</strong></h5><p>Amino acid composition was determined using a method adapted with minor modifications from the procedure described by Bilgin et al. (2019). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(58)</a> A gradient elution scheme involving mobile phases A and B was applied to obtain chromatographic separation at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min, yielding a total run duration of 7.5 min. Tandem mass spectrometric analyses were performed on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10"><strong>Agilent 6460 triple quadrupole LC–MS instrument</strong></a> (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) fitted with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. The mass spectrometer was operated with a gas temperature of 150 °C, a gas flow rate of 10 L/min, a nebulizer pressure of 40 psi, and a capillary voltage of +2000 V. All analyses were carried out in triplicate, and the results were reported as mg/100 mL.</p><h4><strong>3. Results and Discussion</strong></h4><h5><strong>3.4. Phenolic Compounds (HPLC)</strong></h5><p>As presented in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00008#tbl1">Table 1</a>, the total quantified phenolic content differed significantly among the treatments (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The control sample (BKT) exhibited the lowest phenolic concentration (106.35 ± 2.25 μg/mL), whereas pollen supplementation (PL-BKT) resulted in a substantial increase, reaching 159.23 ± 4.82 μg/mL. Further enhancement of the phenolic pool was achieved through propolis (PB-BKT: 178.66 ± 5.04 μg/mL) and bee bread (BB-BKT: 186.15 ± 0.97 μg/mL) supplementation. No statistically significant difference was observed between PB-BKT and BB-BKT in total quantified phenolics; however, both treatments exhibited significantly higher values than PL-BKT and the control, indicating a more pronounced phenolic enrichment.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_8_14048_14063_Table_1_Changes_in_Total_Phenolic_Compounds_of_Kombucha_Samples_Subjected_to_BKT_PB_BKT_PL_BKT_and_BB_BKT_5a50c7851f.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 8, 14048–14063: Table 1. Changes in Total Phenolic Compounds of Kombucha Samples Subjected to BKT, PB-BKT, PL-BKT and BB-BKT. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Values denoted by different letters within the same row indicate statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05). BKT: Blackthorn kombucha tea; PB-BKT: Propolis blackthorn kombucha tea; PL-BKT: Pollen blackthorn kombucha tea; BB-BKT: Bee bread blackthorn kombucha tea. n.d.: could not be detected." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_8_14048_14063_Table_1_Changes_in_Total_Phenolic_Compounds_of_Kombucha_Samples_Subjected_to_BKT_PB_BKT_PL_BKT_and_BB_BKT_5a50c7851f.jpg 159w," sizes="100vw" width="1054" height="1034"></p><p>The compound-level distribution suggests that the observed elevation in total phenolics is driven by selective, matrix-dependent enrichment. Bee bread is a functional food thanks to its bioactive compounds and chemical diversity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(72)</a> The marked increase in chlorogenic acid concentration in BB-BKT, to 79.04 ± 4.66 μg/mL, was a key contributor to the elevated total phenolic content in this group. In contrast, chlorogenic acid remained undetectable or present at negligible levels in the other treatments. Likewise, the enrichment of thermosonicated kiwi juice with bee bread resulted in a statistically significant elevation in chlorogenic acid levels. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(68)</a> The highest catechin hydrate concentration was observed in PL-BKT (121.2 ± 3.36 μg/mL), indicating that pollen supplementation preferentially enhances the flavan-3-ol fraction. In contrast, the markedly elevated levels of quercetin (47.32 ± 2.07 μg/mL) and naringenin (17.59 ± 0.38 μg/mL) detected in PB-BKT support the flavonoid-enriching effect of propolis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In another study, propolis supplementation of thermosonicated yellow cherry juice was found to increase quercetin content significantly. Additionally, the exclusive emergence of chrysin in the enriched samples, particularly its pronounced accumulation in BB-BKT (66.42 ± 1.84 μg/mL), suggests that bee bread supplementation can substantially reshape the specific phenolic signature of the matrix. This interpretation is further supported by the highest rosmarinic acid level observed in BB-BKT (3.05 ± 0.24 μg/mL). Conversely, the absence of caffeic acid and the flavones fraction across all treatments (n.d.) indicates that the applied interventions exerted limited effects on specific phenolic subclasses.</p><h5><strong>3.5. Free Amino Acids (LC–MS)</strong></h5><p>The PL-BKT sample, which was supplemented with pollen, exhibited the highest free amino acid content (see <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00008#tbl2">Table 2</a>). This outcome differed significantly from all other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Significant increases were observed in proline (47.37 mg/100 mL), leucine (4.10 mg/100 mL), and lysine (4.54 mg/100 mL), indicating that pollen, due to its high protein content, increases amino acid release during fermentation. In contrast, amino acid levels were lower in the sample supplemented with propolis alone (PB-BKT), and some amino acids (e.g., glutamic acid, histidine, threonine) were not statistically different from the BKT sample (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_8_14048_14063_Table_2_Effects_of_BKT_PB_BKT_PL_BKT_and_BB_BKT_on_Free_Amino_Acids_mg_100_m_L_f377c7c7e0.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 8, 14048–14063: Table 2. Effects of BKT, PB-BKT, PL-BKT and BB-BKT on Free Amino Acids (mg/100 mL). The mean value, along with the standard deviation, is given for the data (n = 3). Values indicated by different letters within the same row differ significantly (p &lt; 0.05). BKT: Blackthorn kombucha tea; PB-BKT: Propolis blackthorn kombucha tea; PL-BKT: Pollen blackthorn kombucha tea; BB-BKT: Bee bread blackthorn kombucha tea." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_8_14048_14063_Table_2_Effects_of_BKT_PB_BKT_PL_BKT_and_BB_BKT_on_Free_Amino_Acids_mg_100_m_L_f377c7c7e0.jpg 159w," sizes="100vw" width="1055" height="1033"></p><h4><strong>4. Conclusions</strong></h4><p>This study demonstrated that kombucha enriched with <i>P. spinosa</i> L. juice and bee products (propolis, pollen, and bee bread) provides a robust model for functional beverage design through RSM-based optimization and advanced analytical characterization (HPLC–DAD, LC–MS/MS). From a sensory perspective, the highest overall acceptability was observed in the bee bread-enriched sample (8.32), which also exhibited the strongest antioxidant response (TPC 257.10 mg GAE/100 mL; TFC 36.16 mg CE/100 mL; DPPH• 57.05 μmol TE/mL). HPLC–DAD data revealed that total phenolics increased to 159.23–186.15 μg/mL following enrichment, and that marker compounds, such as chlorogenic acid and catechin derivatives, varied depending on the formulation. LC–MS/MS supported an increase in free amino acids (particularly proline) with pollen supplementation. Propolis addition highlighted the antidiabetic potential, yielding the highest enzyme inhibition (α-glucosidase: 40.7%; α-amylase: 42.02%). Although a partial reduction in bioactives was observed during in vitro digestion, the preservation of phenolic/flavonoid recovery within approximately the 21–30% range indicates that postdigestive activity may be sustained. Future studies are recommended to expand biomarkers using targeted/untargeted LC–HRMS-based metabolomic approaches, to correlate SCOBY microbiota (16S/ITS) with chemical profiles, and to evaluate shelf life and packaging stability (phenolic degradation kinetics, volatile profile), as well as in vivo/preclinical validation (glycemic response, bioaccessibility). A limitation of this work is that batch-specific botanical origin (palynological) identification of the commercial bee products was not performed; therefore, compositional variability due to botanical source cannot be fully excluded.</p></div>

From Chemistry to Functionality - HPLC–DAD/LC–MS/MS Characterization of Bee Product-Enriched Prunus spinosa L. Kombucha with In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity and Bioaccessibility

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