ZX-1 Thermal Modulation and ZX-2 Closed Cycle Refrigeration Thermal Modulated GC x GC Systems

C146-E177 GC×GC Handbook Fundamental Principles of Comprehensive 2D GC GCxGC Handbook Fundamental Principles of Comprehensive 2D GC Prof. Luigi Mondello Università degli Studi di Messina 1 Principle of GCxGC [P.2-3] 2 Basic Design of GCxGC Instrumentation [P.4-10] 3 Detectors for…

What is GCxGC? The GCxGC acronym suggests “multiplying” one GC by another. In GCxGC, the peak capacities of two GC columns multiply, resulting in enormous resolving power. What is a modulator? A modulator periodically “cuts” effluent from a first GC…

® Delivering the Right Results Evaluation of a Liquid Cryogen-Free Thermal Modulator for GCxGC Pete Stevens and Joe Binkley • LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Michigan A common limitation of the cryogenically-cooled thermal modulator for GCxGC is its consumption of liquid…

Development of a Fully Software-Controlled, Alignment-Free Loop-Delay Thermal Modulator for GC×GC Zhanpin Wu InfoMass, LLC, Pearland, TX, United States [email protected] Introduction Loop-delay thermal modulation is a well-established approach for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and inherently requires precise alignment of…